Bài tập Hóa học lớp 11

Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (737.45 KB, 43 trang )

TRƯỜNG THPT ĐÀO SƠN TÂY
TỔ HÓA HỌC

Học sinh: ....................................................................... Lớp: ………... XH

Tài liệu lưu hành nội bộ
Tháng 9/2022

MỤC LỤC
CHƯƠNG 1. SỰ ĐIỆN LI................................................................................................................................... 1
Dạng 1: Chất điện li. Viết phương trình điện li ............................................................................................... 1
Dạng 2: Tính nồng độ mol/lit các ion trong dung dịch. pH. Pha chế dung dịch .............................................. 2
Dạng 3: Bảo tồn điện tích............................................................................................................................... 4
Dạng 4: Phản ứng trao đổi ion ......................................................................................................................... 5
Dạng 5: Phản ứng trung hòa ............................................................................................................................ 7
Dạng 6: Nhận biết ............................................................................................................................................ 9
CHƯƠNG 2. NITƠ – PHOTPHO ..................................................................................................................... 10
NITƠ .............................................................................................................................................................. 10

Dạng 1: Hồn thành chuỗi phản ứng, viết phương trình hóa học ................................................. 10
Dạng 2: Bài toán 1 kim loại tác dụng HNO3 ................................................................................ 11
Dạng 3: Bài toán hỗn hợp tác dụng HNO3 ................................................................................... 12
PHOTPHO ..................................................................................................................................................... 14

Dạng 1: Chuỗi phản ứng ............................................................................................................... 14
Dạng 2: H3PO4 tác dụng với dung dịch kiềm ............................................................................... 14
CHƯƠNG 3. CACBON – SILIC ....................................................................................................................... 15
Dạng 1: Chuỗi phản ứng. ............................................................................................................................... 15
Dạng 2: CO2 tác dụng dung dịch kiềm .......................................................................................................... 16

LUYỆN TẬP ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
Dạng 1: Phân biệt các dung dịch trong lọ mất nhãn ...................................................................................... 17
Dạng 2: Nêu hiện tượng, giải thích ................................................................................................................ 18
CHƯƠNG 4. ĐẠI CƯƠNG VỀ HỢP CHẤT HỮU CƠ ................................................................................... 19
Dạng 1: Tìm CTĐGN , CTPT........................................................................................................................ 19
Dạng 2: Tìm CTPT chất hữu cơ dựa vào phản ứng đốt cháy ........................................................................ 20
Dạng 3: Viết CTCT các đồng phân ................................................................................................................ 21
CHƯƠNG 5. HIĐROCACBON NO ................................................................................................................. 23
ANKAN (PARAFIN) .................................................................................................................................... 23
CHƯƠNG 6. HIĐROCACBON KHÔNG NO .................................................................................................. 24
ANKEN (OLEFIN) ........................................................................................................................................ 24
ANKAĐIEN .................................................................................................................................................. 26
ANKIN........................................................................................................................................................... 26
CHƯƠNG 7. HIĐRO CACBON THƠM .......................................................................................................... 28
BENZEN VÀ ĐỒNG ĐẲNG ........................................................................................................................ 28
CHƯƠNG 8. ANCOL – PHENOL .................................................................................................................... 29
ANCOL .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
PHENOL ........................................................................................................................................................ 31
CHƯƠNG 9: ANDEHIT - AXIT CACBOXYLIC .......................................................................................... 32
ANĐEHIT ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
AXIT CACBOXYLIC ................................................................................................................................... 33
ÔN TẬP HK2 .................................................................................................................................................... 34

BẢNG TÍNH TAN

MỘT SỐ CƠNG THỨC TÍNH
Cơng thức tính số mol
có khối lượng (gam) chất
số mol chất khí ở đkc (0oC và

1 atm)

m
M
V (lit )
n=
22, 4
n=CM.V
n=

V dung dịch và CM
m dung dịch và C%

n=

C %.mdd
100%.M

Công thức nồng độ dd
m .100%
Nồng độ phần trăm
C % = ct
mdd
Nồng độ mol/lit
n
CM =
Vdd
Khối lượng riêng
m
d = (g)

V( ml )
Mối liên hệ giữa C% và
CM

Thành phần % theo khối lượng của chất A trong hỗn hợp: %mA =

CM =

C %.10d
M

mA .100%
mhh

Khối lượng nguyên tử (theo đvC) của các nguyên tố:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; P = 31; S = 32; Cl = 35,5;
K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; As = 75; Br = 80; Rb = 85; Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119;
Ba = 137; Pb = 106

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH

CHƯƠNG 1. SỰ ĐIỆN LI
Dạng 1: Chất điện li. Viết phương trình điện li
Câu 1. Trong số các chất sau, những chất nào là chất điện li?
SO2, Cl2, H2SO3, CH4, NaHCO3, Ca(OH)2, HF, C6H6
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Câu 2. Viết phương trình điện li của các chất sau:

a. HCl; HNO3; HClO4; HI; H2SO4
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
b. KOH; NaOH; Ca(OH)2; Ba(OH)2
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
c. Ba(NO3)2; K2CO3; K2S; MgSO4, Na3PO4; BaCl2; Fe2(SO4)3; NaHS; (NH4)2SO4; KHCO3
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
d. H2CO3; CH3COOH; HF
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Câu 3. Viết cơng thức hóa học của các chất điện li mà sự điện li trong nước tạo ra các ion sau
a) Al3+ và SO42b) K+ và Cr2O72c) Ba2+ và OHd) Ca2+và HCO3 e) Fe2+ và SO421

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH

................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Câu 4. Trong dd có thể tồn taị các ion sau khơng ? Giải thích.
a) K+, Mg2+ , SO42- , OHb) Fe2+ , Ag+ , NO-3 , Cl-.
c) NH4+ , Ba2+ , OH- , Cl-.
d) Na+ , H+ , SO42- , Cl- .
e) Na+, Al3+ , SO42- , NO3-.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Dạng 2: Tính nồng độ mol/lit các ion trong dung dịch. pH. Pha chế dung dịch
Câu 5. Tính nồng độ mol/lit của các ion trong dung dịch:
a. Hoà tan 41,6 gam BaCl2 vào nước thu được 200 ml dung dịch.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
b. Hoà tan 8 gam Fe2(SO4)3 vào H2O thu được 800 ml dung dịch.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
b) dd NaOH 0,001M
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
c) 100 ml dd A có hồ tan 0,098 g H2SO4 ( xem H2SO4 → 2H+ + SO42-)
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
d) 500ml dd B có hồ tan 0,245g H2SO4
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Câu 7. Tính pH của dung dịch sau khi hòa tan 7,3g hiđro clorua vào nước được 0,4 lít dung dịch axit
(giả sử khí tan hồn tồn)
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Câu 8. Một dung dịch có pH = 9,0. Tính nồng độ mol của các ion H+ và OH- trong dung dịch. Hãy
cho biết màu của phenolphtalein trong dung dịch này.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Câu 9. Dung dịch H2SO4 có pH = 2. Tính nồng độ mol/l của ion H+, SO42- và của dd axit.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
3

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH

................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Câu 10. Cần bao nhiêu gam NaOH để pha chế 250 ml dd có pH = 10?
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Câu 11. Tính khối lượng KOH cần dùng để pha 200 ml dd KOH có pH = 12
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Câu 12. Tính khối lượng HNO3 cần dùng để pha 200 ml dd HNO3 có pH = 2
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

Dạng 3: Bảo tồn điện tích
Câu 13. Một dung dịch A có chứa các ion : Na+ (0,01 mol), K+ (0,15 mol), NO3- (0,1 mol) và Cl- (x
mol). Tính x. Cơ cạn dung dịch A, thu được bao nhiêu gam chất rắn.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Câu 14. Một dung dịch B có chứa các ion : Cu2+ (0,15 mol), Na+ (0,1 mol), NO3- (0,1 mol) và SO42- (x
mol). Tính x. Cơ cạn dung dịch B, thu được bao nhiêu gam chất rắn.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Câu 15. Một dung dịch A có chứa các ion : Mg2+ (x mol), Na+ (0,15 mol), NO3- (0,05 mol) và SO42(0,25 mol). Tính x. Cơ cạn dung dịch A thu được bao nhiêu gam chất rắn.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
4

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH

................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Câu 16. Một dung dịch C có chứa các ion : Al3+ (0,01 mol), K+ (0,02 mol), Fe3+ (x mol), NO3- (0,04
mol) và SO42- (y mol). Tính x, y. Biết rằng khi cơ cạn dung dịch C thu được 7,93 g muối
khan.
................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Câu 17. Một dung dịch D có chứa các ion : Al3+ (0,02 mol), Na+ , Fe2+ (0,015) mol), NO3- (0,06
mol) và Cl- (y mol). Tính số mol của ion Na+ và Cl-. Biết rằng khi cô cạn dung dịch D thu
được 5,915 g chất rắn.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Dạng 4: Phản ứng trao đổi ion
Câu 18. Viết phương trình phản ứng phân tử và ion thu gọn (nếu có)
a. K2SO4 và Ba(OH)2.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
b. CH3COONa và HCl
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
c. Ca(OH)2 và NH4Cl.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
d. BaCl2 và CuSO4.
................................................................................................................................................................

k. CH3COOH và NaOH
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
l. Na2S và HCl
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
m. NH4NO3 và KOH
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
Câu 19. Hồn thành phương trình hóa học, viết phương trình dạng phân tử
a. Pb(NO3)2 +
?
→ PbCl2
+
?
...............................................................................................................................................
b. Ba(OH)2
+
?
→ BaSO4
+
?
................................................................................................................................................
c. MgCO3 +
?
→ MgCl2
+

?
+?
................................................................................................................................................
d. FeS
+
?
→ FeCl2
+
?
................................................................................................................................................
6

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH

e. Fe2(SO4)3
+
?
→ K2SO4
+
?
................................................................................................................................................
Câu 20. Viết phương trình dạng phân tử ứng với phương trình ion rút gọn sau:
a. Ba2+ + CO32- → BaCO3
e. Fe3++ 3OH- → Fe(OH)3
b. NH4+ + OH- → NH3 + H2O
g. H+ + OH- → H2O
c. Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl
h. Ba2+ + SO2-→ BaSO4
....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
Dạng 5: Phản ứng trung hòa
Câu 21. Tính nồng độ mol/l của các ion có trong dd thu được khi:
a) Trộn 100 ml dd HCl 1M với 150 ml dd NaOH 1M
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

b) Trộn 100 ml dd H2SO4 0,5M với 100 ml dd KOH 2M
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

c) Trộn 250 ml dd KOH 0,1M với 250 ml dd HNO3 0,2M
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

7

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Câu 22. Tính pH của các dung dịch thu được khi
a) Trộn 50 ml dd HCl 0,12M với 50 ml dd NaOH 0,1M
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

b) Trộn 50 ml dd H2SO4 0,1M với 50 ml dd KOH 0,4M
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

c) Trộn 100 ml dd H2SO4 0,02M với 100 ml dd NaOH 0,02M
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

d) Trộn 50 ml dd HCl 1M với 50 ml dd NaOH 1,2M
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

f) Trung hoà 100 ml dd HCl phải dùng hết 80 ml dd Ba(OH)2 1M
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

8

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Dạng 6: Nhận biết
1. Nhận biết những dung dịch đựng trong lọ mất nhãn sau
a) H2SO4, NaCl, Na2CO3, NaOH

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

b) K2CO3, Ba(NO3)2, KCl, K2SO4

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

c) K2S, HNO3, NaCl, KOH

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

d) NH4Cl, AgNO3, Na2CO3, NaCl

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

9

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH

CHƯƠNG 2. NITƠ – PHOTPHO
NITƠ
Dạng 1: Hồn thành chuỗi phản ứng, viết phương trình hóa học
Câu 1.

Viết các phương trình phản ứng theo sơ đồ sau:
a/ NH4NO2 → N2→ NH3→ NH4Cl→ NH3→ NH4HCO3 → NH3 → Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

b/ NH4HCO3→ CO2 →(NH4)2CO3 → NH4Cl → NH4NO3 → NH3 → Al(OH)3 → Al2O3
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

c/ H2SO4→ H2→ NH3 → NO → NO2 → HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 → Cu(OH)2 → CuO
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

d/ NH3 → NO2 → HNO3 → NH4NO3 → NH3 → Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Câu 2.
Hoàn thành các phương trình hố học sau dưới dạng phân tử :
a) Ag + HNO3 đặc, nóng → NO2 + ? +?
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

b) Ag + HNO3 loãng → …
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

10

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH

c) Cu + HNO3 đ,n → …
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

d) Cu + HNO3 loãng → …
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

e) Fe + HNO3 lỗng → …
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

f) Fe + HNO3 đặc, nóng → …
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

h) FeO + HNO3 loãng → …
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

i) Fe2O3

+ HNO3 đ,n

→

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Dạng 2: Bài toán 1 kim loại tác dụng HNO3
Câu 3.

Cho 1,92 g Cu tác dụng với dd HNO3 loãng dư, thì thể tích khí NO (đkc) ?

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Câu 4.

Cho m gam Ag tác dụng với dd HNO3 loãng dư, thu được 224 ml khí NO duy nhất (đkc) .
Tính m.

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Câu 5.

Cho 7,68 g Cu tác dụng hết với dung dịch HNO3 lỗng thấy có khí NO thốt ra. Tính khối
lượng muối nitrat sinh ra trong dung dịch?

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Câu 6.

Cho 19,2 g Cu vào dung dịch loãng chứa 0,4 mol HNO3, phản ứng xảy ra hồn tồn. Tính
thể tích khí NO (đktc) thu được?

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Câu 9.

Cho 19,3 gam hỗn hợp X gồm Zn và Cu tác dụng vừa đủ với dd HNO3 đ,nóng thu được
khí 13,44 lít NO2 (đkc). Tính % theo khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp ban đầu

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Câu 10.

Hòa tan hoàn toàn 12 gam hỗn hợp Cu và Fe bằng dd HNO3 đặc, nóng thu được 11,2 lit
khí màu nâu NO2 (đkc) và dd A. Tính % khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp ban đầu.

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

12

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Câu 11.
Hịa tan 60 g hỗn hơp Cu và CuO trong dd HNO3 thì thu được 13,44 lit khí NO (đktc).
Tính % khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp ban đầu .
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Câu 12.

Hòa tan 5,5g hỗn hợp gồm Zn và CuO trong 140ml dd HNO3 thì thu được 2,688 lit khí
màu nâu (đkc). Tính % theo khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp ban đầu

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Câu 13.Hòa tan 25,12g hỗn hợp gồm Fe và CuO trong 140ml dd HNO3 thì thu được 1,344 lit khí
màu nâu (đktc) và dung dịch X. Tính khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp ban đầu
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

13

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH

PHOTPHO
Dạng 1: Chuỗi phản ứng
1. Viết phương trình phản ứng theo chuỗi biến hóa sau:
a/ P → P2O5 → H3PO4 → Na3PO4 → NaNO3 → NaNO2
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

b/ NaOH → NaH2PO4 → Na2HPO4 → Na3PO4 → Ag3PO4
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Dạng 2: H3PO4 tác dụng với dung dịch kiềm
1. Tính khối lượng muối thu được trong các trường hợp sau:
a) Trộn 100ml dd H3PO4 0,5M với 100ml dd NaOH 1M.
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
b) Trộn 100ml dd H3PO4 0,5M với 150ml dd NaOH 1M.
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
c) Trộn 150ml dd H3PO4 1M với 100ml dd KOH 5M.
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….

14

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH

………………………………………………….
………………………………………………….
………………………………………………….
………………………………………………….

………………………………………………….
………………………………………………….
………………………………………………….
………………………………………………….

d) Hịa tan hồn toàn 200 ml dd H3PO4 1M vào 100 ml dd KOH 1M.
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
e) Hịa tan hồn tồn 400 ml dd H3PO4 1M vào 200 ml dd NaOH 1,5M.
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….

CHƯƠNG 3. CACBON – SILIC
Dạng 1: Chuỗi phản ứng.
1. Hoàn thành chuỗi phản ứng, ghi rõ điều kiện (nếu có)
a/ C→ CO2→ CO→ CO2→ CaCO3→ Ca(HCO3)2
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

b/ Ca(HCO3)2→ CaCO3 → Ca(NO3)2 → CaCO3 → CO2 → NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 → CaCO3
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

15

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH

c/ Si→SiO2 →Si →Mg2Si →SiH4 →SiO2 →Na2SiO3 →H2SiO3 →SiO2
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2. Viết phương trình phản ứng dạng phân tử:
a/ MgCO3 + H2SO4
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

b/ K2CO3 + CaCl2
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

c/ HCl + Na2SiO3
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

d/ SiO2 + HF
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

e/ SiO2 + NaOH
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Dạng 2: CO2 tác dụng dung dịch kiềm
1. Tính khối lượng và nồng độ mol của muối thu được trong các trường hợp sau (thể tích dd thay đổi
khơng đáng kể, khí đo ở đktc):
a/ Dẫn 2,24 lit CO2 vào 200ml dd NaOH 1M
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
b/ Dẫn 5,6 lit CO2 vào 200ml dd NaOH 1M
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
c/ Dẫn 13,44 lit CO2 vào 500ml dd KOH 2M
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
16

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH

…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
d/ Dẫn 1,76g CO2 vào 35ml dd KOH 2M
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
e/ Dẫn 2,24 lit CO2 vào 50 ml dd KOH 3M.
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
f/ Dẫn 2,24 lit CO2 vào 50 ml dd NaOH 2M.
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………………….

LUYỆN TẬP
Dạng 1: Phân biệt các dung dịch trong lọ mất nhãn
1. Nhận biết những dung dịch đựng trong lọ mất nhãn sau (không dùng quỳ tím)
a) NH4Cl, NaNO3, Na2CO3, Na3PO4

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

17

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

b) Na2CO3, Na2SiO3, K2SO4, KNO3

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

c) Na2S, NaCl, KNO3, Na3PO4

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

d) NaCl, NaNO3, NH4NO3, Na3PO4

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

4/ Nhỏ từ từ dung dịch ZnSO4 cho đến dư vào dung dịch KOH.
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

5/ Dẫn khí NH3 từ từ đến dư vào dung dịch AlCl3
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

6/ Dẫn khí NH3 từ từ đến dư vào dung dịch FeCl3
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

7/ Thổi khí CO2 từ từ đến dư vào dung dịch nước vơi trong có dư
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

CHƯƠNG 4. ĐẠI CƯƠNG VỀ HỢP CHẤT HỮU CƠ
Dạng 1: Tìm CTĐGN , CTPT
1. Một hidrocacbon X có %C = 83,72%. Biết tỉ khối hơi của X so với khí oxi là 2,6875. Xác định

CTPT của X.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2. Hãy thiết lập CTPT của các hợp chất A và B ứng với các số liệu thực nghiệm sau (không ghi %O)
19

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH

a) C : 49,40%, H : 9,80%, N : 19,10%; dA/KK = 2,52
b) C : 54,54%, H : 9,09%; d B / CO 2 = 2,00
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Dạng 2: Tìm CTPT chất hữu cơ dựa vào phản ứng đốt cháy
1. Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 0,44g hidrocacbon A thu được 0,672 lít CO2 (đkc). Biết A nặng hơn khơng

khí 1,517 lần. Tìm CTPT của chất A.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

3. Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 0,9g chất hữu cơ A thu được 0,672 lít CO2 (đktc) và 0,54g H2O.
Xác định CTPT A, biết tỉ khối hơi của X so với heli là 15.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

4/ Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 2,3g HCHC A thu được 4,4g CO2 và 2,7g H2O. Tìm CTPT của A biết tỉ khối
hơi của A so với khơng khí là 1,5862.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

20

Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

5/ Oxi hóa hồn toàn 0,93g HCHC A người ta thu được 1,344 lit CO2; 0,112 lit N2 và 0,63g H2O (các
khí đo ở đktc). Biết tỉ khối hơi của A so với không khí là 3,207. Xác định CTPT của A.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

6/ Đốt cháy hồn tồn 0,295g HCHC (B) thì thu được 0,44g CO2 + 0,225g H2O + 56ml N2 (đktc). Biết
tỉ khối hơi của (B) so với khơng khí là 2,035. Tìm CTPT của (B).
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

7/ Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 0,9g HCHC (Y) ta thu được 1,32g CO2 và 0,672 lit hơi H2O (đkc). Biết Y nặng

hơn khí hidro 90 lần. Tìm CTPT của (Y).
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Dạng 3: Viết CTCT các đồng phân
1. Viết tất cả các đồng phân (CTCT ) có CTPT : C3H7Cl, C5H12, C4H10O
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

21

Bài tập Hóa học lớp 11

Tài liệu liên quan

Tài liệu bạn tìm kiếm đã sẵn sàng tải về