CMM Level 2
Lecture # 10B
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The Repeatable Level
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Moving from
Level 1 to Level 2
At level 2, a software project management
system is in place
The organization sets expectations via
policies
At level 2 projects have disciplined processes
Moving from
Level 1 to Level 2
• Organizations have introduced at least some
rigor into project management and technical
development tasks
• Approaches such as formal cost estimating are
noted for project management, and formal
requirements gathering are often noted during
development
• Compared to initial level, a higher frequency
of success and a lower incidence of overruns
and cancelled projects can be observed
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Level 2 KPAs
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KPA’s Level 2
Requirements Management
Software Project Planning
Software Project Tracking and Oversight
Software Subcontract Management
Software Quality Assurance
Software Configuration Management
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Requirements Management
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Purpose
• The purpose is to establish a “common understanding”
between the customer and organization
• Involves
• document and control of customer requirements
• keeping plans, products, and activities consistent with
requirements
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Software Requirements versus
Allocated Requirements
• The scope of Requirements management is control of
requirements allocated to software
• Requirements allocated to software come from systems
engineering
• Software requirements are derived from requirements
allocated to software
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What are Requirements?
End user
Customer
requirements
System
Engineering
Other
Groups
System requirements
allocated to software
Customer
System
requirements
allocated to
software
Software
Engineering
Software
requirements
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Who is Customer?
Customers may be external or internal
Systems engineering
marketing
user
• The customer and / or end user identifies the problem that
software will address
C Documentation of requirements
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• The system requirements assigned to software Engineering
must be documented
• Documenting system requirements can be as simple as a
memo or as elaborate as a multi volume specification
• If requirements change, the changes must be documented
and all resulting necessary changes in other documents
must be tracked and verified
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Review of Requirements
• The software engineering group ensures that the
system requirements allocated to software are
documented and controlled. For which, the software
engineering group reviews the initial and revised
system requirements allocated to software to resolve
issues
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Software Project Planning
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Purpose
• The purpose is to establish reasonable plans for
performing the software engineering and managing the
project
• Involves:
– developing estimates for the work
– establishing necessary commitments
– defining the plan to perform the work
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Managing Based on Plan
• Plan provides the basics for initiating the software effort
and managing the work.
• Other names for this plan include:
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software development plan
software project management plan
software project plan
software engineering management plan
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What is a Software
Development Plan
• A software development plan specifies many or all of the
following:
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projects chosen software life cycle
list of products to be developed
schedules
estimates for level of effort(number of people), cost, etc.
facilities, support tools, and hardware
project risks
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Packaging the Software
Development Plan
• There are many ways the software plan can be developed.
• There may be separate documents entitled:
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software development plan
software quality assurance plan
software configuration management plan
risk management plan
software test plan
project training plan
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Plans are Based on Estimates
• In creating estimates for size, effort, cost, schedule,
and/or computer resources
– use historical data, where available
– document assumptions and estimates
• Good estimating depends on the skills and judgement of
the estimator
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Meeting Commitments
• Commitment a pact that is freely assumed, visible, and
expected to be kept by all parties.
• Commitment is necessary to achieve plans.
• Feasible commitments are made when plans are realistic.
• Commitment is a process.
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Software Project Tracking
and Oversight
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Purpose
To provide adequate visibility into actual progress so that
management can take effective actions when the software
projects performance deviates significantly from the software
plans
Involves:
tracking and reviewing software accomplishments and results
against documented estimates, commitments and plans
adjusting plans based on actual accomplishments and results
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Manage to a Plan
Progress must be tracked against plans and specifications,
including
product size
project effort, cost and schedule
activities
risks
Mechanisms to track progress against plans include both
internal reviews and formal reviews with the customer.
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Taking Corrective Action
If and when discrepancies between plans and actual progress
occur, a judgement must be made about whether to:
change the work the works being done
adjust the plans
This judgement results in corrective action
Archives of original and adjusted plans should be kept.
Software Subcontract
Management