The CMM Level 5
Lecture # 12C
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The Optimizing Level
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Moving from Level 4 to 5
• At level 4 , the process is quantitatively understood
• At level 5, continues process improvement is a way of life
• In immature organizations, no one may be responsible for
process improvement
• Mature organizations usually have 70 to 80%
participation in improvement activities at any point in
time – everyone is involved.
Moving from Level 4 to 5
• Organizations are assumed to have
mastered the current stateoftheart of
software project management and
development
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Level 5 KPAs
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KPAs Level 5
• Defect Prevention
• Technology Change Management
• Process Change Management
Defect Prevention
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Purpose
• Purpose is to identify the cause of defects and prevent
them from reoccurring
• Involves:
• Analyzing defects that were encountered in the past
• Taking specific actions to prevent the occurrence of these
types of defects in the future
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Fixing Problems
Before They Happen
• Focus is on causal analysis
– what in the process permitted the defect to occur
– what in the process needs to be corrected to prevent the defect
from occurring in the future
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Fixing Problems
Before They Happen
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Fixing Problems
Before They Happen
Identify
defects
Causal
analysis Implement
meeting
actions
Review
results
Change
Change
project’s organization’s
standard
defined
software
process
process
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Technology Change
Management
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Purpose
• Purpose is to identify new technologies (i.e. tools, methods
and processes) and track them into the organization in an
orderly manner
• Involves
– identifying, selecting, and evaluating new technologies,
– and incorporating effective technologies into organization
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Reacting to Innovation
• Technology changes occur at all maturity levels
• At level 5 innovation is:
– introduced into the process in a disciplined way
– part of the culture (institutionalized)
Process Change Management
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Purpose
• Purpose is to continually improve the software process used in
the organization with the intent of improving software quality,
increasing productivity, and decreasing the cycle time for product
development
• Involves
– defining process improvement goals and,
– systematically identifying, evaluating, and implementing
improvements to the organization’s standards software process,
and project’s defined software processes
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Change Is a Process
• Disciplined change is the key to success
• improvement includes
–
–
–
–
–
planning
evaluating improvement proposals and planning actions
establishing process improvement teams
conducting pilot programs for process improvement
updating procedures, training etc
• Improvements are transferred into everyday practice across the
organization
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Level 5 is not
the destination
• Level 5 is the foundation for building an ever
improving capability
• level 5 organizations continuously improve
– incremental (Kaizen)
– revolutionary
• everyone in level 5 organization is involved in
improvement
Tying It All Together
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Themes in the CMM
Continuous improvement
Defined, documented and used processes
Commitment by senior management
Stable processes
Measured processes
Controlled processes
Evolving processes
Team work
References
• The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines
for Improving Software Process
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Measurement by Levels
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Measurement by Levels 1
1. Measurement is haphazard, but investigation may yield
cost and effort data
2. Projects collect management data about costs, effort, size,
schedule, quality etc
3. There are consistent affiliations from one project to the
next. Data are collected across the organization both
management and quality data are collected
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Measurement by Levels 2
4. Data analysis is based on the principles of statistical
process control. Actual measurements are compared to
expected values of mean and variance
5. Continuous improvement is based on business objectives
and cost benefit analysis
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How is improvement achieved
• Know where you are
• Know where you want to go
• assign resources and responsibilities
• Try progress