Introduction to CMMI Staged
Representation
Lecture # 14
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Staged Representation
• The staged representation is the approach used in
the Software CMM. It is an approach that uses
predefined sets of process areas to define an
improvement path for an organization. This
improvement path is described by a model
component called a maturity level
• A maturity level is a welldefined evolutionary
plateau toward achieving improved organizational
processes
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Following slide to be inserted
CMMI Model Components in the
Staged Representation
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CMMI Model Components in the
Staged Representation
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Staged Representation
• The staged representation offers a
systematic, structured way to approach
process improvement one step at a time.
Achieving each stage ensures that an
adequate improvement has been laid as a
foundation for the next stage
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Staged Representation
• Process areas are organized by maturity
levels that take much of the guess work out
of process improvement. The staged
representation prescribes the order for
implementing each process area according
to maturity levels, which define the
improvement path for an organization from
the initial level to the optimizing level
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Maturity Levels
• Achieving each maturity level ensures that
an adequate improvement foundation has
been laid for the next maturity level and
allows for lasting, incremental improvement
• Maturity level signifies the level of
performance that can be expected from an
organization
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Maturity Levels
• A maturity level is a welldefined
evolutionary plateau on the path to
becoming a mature organization
• There are five maturity levels
• Each level is a layer in the foundation for
continuous process improvement
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Maturity Levels
•
•
•
•
•
Performed
Managed
Defined
Quantitatively Managed
Optimizing
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The Maturity Levels
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The Maturity Levels
Optimizing
5 Focus on process
improvement
Quantitatively
Managed
4 Process measured
and controlled
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Process characterized for
the organization and is
proactive
2
Process characterized for
projects and is often reactive
1 Process unpredictable, poorly
controlled and
reactive
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Defined
Managed
Performed
Following slide to be inserted
Structure of CMMI: Staged
Representation
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Structure of the CMMI
Staged Representation
Maturity Level
Process Area
Process Area
Generic Goals
Process Area
Specific Goals
Common
Features
Commitment
to Perform
Ability to
Perform
Directing
Implementation
Generic
Practices
Verification
Specific
Practices
Commitment to Perform:
Commitment to Perform: creates policies and secures sponsorship for process improvement efforts
creates policies and secures sponsorship for process improvement efforts
Ability to Perform:
ensures that the project and/or organization has the resources it needs to pursue process improvement
Ability to Perform: ensures that the project and/or organization has the resources it needs to pursue process improvement
Directing Implementation:
collects, measures, and analyzes data related to processes
Directing Implementation:
collects, measures, and analyzes data related to processes
Verification:
verifies that the projects and/or organization’s activities conform to requirements, processes, and
Verification: verifies that the projects and/or organization’s activities conform to requirements, processes, and
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procedures
procedures
Maturity Levels
Cannot Be Skipped
• A level provides a necessary foundation for effective
implementation of processes at the next level.
– Higher level processes are easily sacrificed without
the discipline provided by lower levels.
– The effect of innovation is obscured in a noisy
process.
• Higher maturity level processes may be performed by
organizations at lower maturity levels, with risk of not
being consistently applied in a crisis.
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Process Areas
•Process Areas (PAs) are clusters of related
practices performed collectively to achieve a set of goals.
•They are the major building blocks in establishing the
process capability of an organization.
•Each process area has been defined to reside
at a given maturity level.
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Anwar: Please delete the mention of “Integrated Supplier Management”
from the audio discussion of the Process Areas of CMMI.
You will need to renumber the Pas. Thanks. This PA has been removed
from the CMMI version 2
Following slide to be inserted
Process Areas by Maturity Level
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Process Areas by Maturity Level
Level
Focus
Process Areas
5 Optimizing
Continuous
process
improvement
Organizational Innovation and Deployment
Causal Analysis and Resolution
4 Quantitatively
Managed
Quantitative
management
Organizational Process Performance
Quantitative Project Management
3 Defined
2 Managed
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1 Performed
Process
standardization
Basic
project
management
Requirements Development
Technical Solution
Product Integration
Verification
Validation
Organizational Process Focus
Organizational Process Definition
Organizational Training
Integrated Project Management
Risk Management
Decision Analysis and Resolution
Requirements Management
Project Planning
Project Monitoring and Control
Supplier Agreement Management
Measurement and Analysis
Process and Product Quality Assurance
Configuration Management
Level 1: Performed
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Level 2: Managed 1
• Adhering to organizational policies
• Following a documented plan and process
description
• Applying adequate funding and resources
• Maintaining appropriate assignment of
responsibility and authority
• Training people in their appropriate processes
• Placing work products under appropriate
configuration management
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Level 2: Managed 2
• Monitoring and controlling process performance,
and taking corrective action
• Objectively reviewing the process, work products,
and services, and addressing noncompliance
• Reviewing the activities, status, and results of the
process with appropriate levels of management,
and taking corrective action
• Identifying and interacting with relevant
stakeholders
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Level 3: Defined 1
• The organization has achieved all of the
goals of Level 2
• There is an organizational way of doing
business, with tailoring of this
organizational method allowed under
predefined conditions
• The organization has an organization’s set
of standard processes (OSSP)
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Level 3: Defined 2
• The following characteristics of the process are
clearly stated
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Purpose
Inputs
Entry criteria
Activities
Roles
Measures
Verification steps
Outputs
Exit criteria
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Level 3: Defined 3
• Level 3 continues with defining a strong,
meaningful, organizationwide approach to
developing products
• An important distinction between Level 2
and Level 3 is that at Level 3, processes are
described in more detail and more
rigorously than at Level 2
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Level 3: Defined 4
• Processes are managed more proactively,
based on a more sophisticated
understanding of the interrelationships and
measurements of the processes and parts of
the processes
• Level 3 is more sophisticated, more
organized, and establishes an organizational
identity—a way of doing business particular
to this organization
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Level 4: Quantitatively Managed
1
• For Maturity Level 4, the organization has
achieved all of the goals of Levels 2 and 3
• The organization controls its processes by
statistical and other quantitative techniques
• Product quality, process performance, and
service quality are understood in statistical
terms and are managed throughout the life
of the processes
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