Process Assurance
Lecture # 35
1
Process Assurance
• Process assurance consists of the collective
activities carried out while developing a
product to ensure that the methods and
techniques used are integrated, consistent,
and correctly applied
• Emphasis is given to cost, time, technical
requirements, testing measurements, and
prototyping
2
Process Assurance
• Process assurance involves the
interrelationships of several different
components
• Depending on how these are managed, they
can have a major positive impact on the
products
3
Process Assurance
• Once an effective process assurance
program is put in place and shown to be
beneficial, then emphasis can be placed in
making verification and validation
strategies effective and in improving the
quality of the products
4
Process Assurance
• Successful process assurance is based on
planning and organization
• There are several important components of
planning and organization
5
Following slide to be inserted
Components of Planning and
Organization
6
Components of Planning and
Organization
Project
Team
Project
Standards
Schedule
Monitoring
Integrated
Technology
Project
Tracking
Planning & Organization
Measurement
Estimating
Project
Risks
Steering
Committee
Effective
Communication
7
Project Team
• Project team is the project manager’s only
means of reaching the project goals
• Selection of team members is a vital step to
the success of the project
• Size of the team depends on the size and
complexity of the project
8
Project Team
• It is important to identify the blend of the
technical knowledge and the experience
required for the successful completion of
the project
• Special attention should be paid to creating
team composition that fosters mutual
respect among team members and maintains
good team morals
9
Project Standards
• Before the project is started, the team
should establish standards for activities
such as requirements gathering, developing
design, and conducting unit tests
• Standards or guidelines should also be
established for quality control activities
such as walkthroughs, reviews, and
inspections
10
Project Standards
• Many companies follow IEEE Software
Engineering standards or they have their
own internally developed standards
• The standards should be flexible enough to
be applied to large or small projects
• Any deviations from the standards should
be approved by the project team and the
reason for such deviation should be noted in
the minutes of the project meetings
11
Schedule Monitoring
• Stringent deadlines for the project are
frequently established by management, end
users, a project sponsor, or a client with no
regard to the reality of achievement. The
project manager is then designated to meet
unrealistic expectations of the project
completion date
• For this reason, the project start date,
milestones, and completion date should be
negotiated upfront
12
Schedule Monitoring
• If the unrealistic date is accepted and the
project activities are then made to fit within
this time frame, the quality of the project
activities are then made to fit within this
time frame, the quality of the project
certainly will suffer
13
Schedule Monitoring
• The key to an “ontime” completion of
project lies in the ability to identify the
critical path before starting the project
• The critical path of a project is where
problems that may affect the overall
schedule are faced
14
Schedule Monitoring
• To define the critical path, you should
develop systematic work breakdown
structures which identify task groupings
that consist of tasks that can be combined
together, task sequences, and entrance/exit
criteria for each task
15
Schedule Monitoring
• The define tasks, follow the guidelines of
the system development methodology used
by your organization
• In the absence of a development
methodology, obtain copies of task lists and
task dependencies from other projects and
customize them to suit your needs of
current project
16
Schedule Monitoring
• Clearly defined work breakdown structures
will assist in selecting the correct skilled
resources. At the same time, using the
breakdown structures also ensures that no
activity is forgotten
• The technique of breaking down activities
into smaller tasks takes an impossibly
complex project and reorganizes it into
manageable pieces under the direction of
17
the project manager
Schedule Monitoring
• Once you have defined a critical path,
review the tasks and schedule with the
project team members and other
significantly impacted individuals. Since
these people are the stakeholders and are
affected by the project in one or more of the
following ways
– Their budget is charged for all or part of the
project
18
Schedule Monitoring
– The department’s resources are used by the
project
– The department has either existing projects or
ongoing projects that are affected by the new
project
• Avoid the most common mistake of adding
another resource to shorten or meet the
schedule
19
Schedule Monitoring
• This usually results in increasing the
overhead of the project and reducing the
efficiency of the team members since
additional communication and guidance are
required for the new added resources
• Overtime is often viewed as the alternative
to meet the schedule. This can be effective
for a short period
20
Schedule Monitoring
• However, longer periods of overtime can
exhaust the team, thus reducing the ability
to function efficiently
• The cost of overtime should also be
considered to finish the project within
budget
21
Schedule Monitoring
• It is possible to minimize the risk by how
you manage your resources, especially your
best programmers
• Never put your best programmers on the
critical path
22
Project Tracking
• There are several projecttracking tools
available on the market which give project
progress information and provide a view of
the total project schedule at a glance
• Some of these tools have features to do task
dependencies and estimations
23
Project Tracking
• These features allow the project manager to
evaluate the impact of a delay in the
completion of any individual activity within
the project
• Such tools are excellent vehicles in giving
early warnings for project delays so there
are no surprises at the end
24
Estimation
• The project manager must be capable of
understanding any assumptions in the
project, what is possible, and what is
financially desirable
• This will result in a finetuning of the
schedule estimates, thus creating more
realistic estimates
25