Báo cáo khoa học :Nghiên cứu tiềm năng du lịch tự nhiên tỉnh Quảng Bình pptx

VIEN BIA
it
-
^":EN
KHOCN VIET NAM HOI B|A LY VIET NAM
NGHIEN
cuu
TIEM NANG DU LICH TlT NHIEN TINH QUANG BINH
PHUC VU
SU
DUNG HOP LY TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN
VA BAO VE MOI TRUONG
Truong Thj
Tir
SUMMARY
Quang Binh is a
centred coasted
province of Viet Nam. In recent years, much
atlenlion has been paid lo this province wilh un
uini
to develop natural tourism.
Inficicl,
its tourism polenlial hasn 7 exploded
efifiecllvely.
On the other
hand,
developing tourism
musl be associated wilh protecting its nature cmd environment. Due lo researching the
Quangbinh 's natural tourism polenliul. the article offers some orienlalions to develop
lourism based on using natural resources reasonably and protecting environment.
LDAT VANDE

Quang Binh la mgt tinh cd dieu kien tu
nliie:n
tuong ddi khac nghiet, hau nhu nam
ndo Quang Binh cung deu chju dnh lurdng
ciia
cac hien tugng thdi tiet bat lgi nlur: bao,
lu
kit,
gid mua ddng bae, dac biet Id gid
miia
lay nam khd ndng. The nhung ed the thay
Qudng Binh la medt trong nhfrng tinh ven bien mien Trung cua
nude
ta ed nhieu tiem
ndng de phdt trien Du ljch.
Trudc day Qudng Binh
Id
mgt tinh ngheo, kinh te - xa hdi cdn nhieu khd khan va
la manh dal ma mgi ngudi biet den chi vdi gid Ldo va cat trang, tbi nay Qudng Binh da
gan lien vdi nhfrng danh thang nhu Phong Nha- Ke Bdng, bai bien Nhat Le, Sun Spa
Resort, sudi Bang, vting Chua, ddo Yen Flien nay Qudng Binh dang tap trung dau lu
de dua Du Ijch trd
tbaiih
mdt ngdnh kinh te
mfii
nhgn, day la mdt trong nhfrng djnh
hudng quan trgng
ciia
chien luge phdt trien kinh tc tinh Quang Binb den nam 2020.
Trong nhung nam gan day, Qudng Binh efmg da dugc trung uong va dja phuong

quan tam dau tu phdt trien Du ljch. Cd
nhieu
dc tdi, du an nghien ciru ve eac van de dac
diem dja ly
tir
nhien hien dai cua mdt sd tdi nguyen Du Ijch, nham ddt co' sd khoa hgc
cho viec khai thdc cdc tiem nang Du ljch ndy. Song de phat trien Du ljch ben vfrng. lau
ddi thi viec nghien cuu mgt cdch cd be: llidng vd loan dien ve dieu kien
tir
nhien, ldi
nguyen Du ljch tu nhicn Qudng Binh Id dic;u
hiit
sire quan trgng vd can thiet.
Trong khudn khd mdt bdi bdo, cluing tdi ldng hgp, phan tich, danh gia lai mdt
cdch tdng quat, cd he thdng ve tiem nang Du ljch
tir
nhien cua Quang Binb.
Nham'dua
ra nhirng djnh hudng va giai phap phdt trie:n Du ljch tren ca sd sir dung hgp ly tai
nguyen thien nhien va bao ve mdi trudng
eiia
vimg dat nay.
2.
PHAN TICH TIEM NANG, THE MANH DU LICH TlT NHIEN QUANG BINH.
2.1.
Vj
tri
dja ly, pham vi lanh thd
Quang Binh ndm d phia Ddng
ciia

ddy Trudng So'n, keo dai tir
17005'02"
den
18005'12'"
vT ded Bdc vd tir
105036'55"
din
106059'37"'
kinh do Ddng. Phia bdc gidp
Ha TTnh ranh gidi la deo Ngang ddi
136.5
km. phia nam giap Quang Trj ranh gidi ddi
Dgi
hoc Ouang Binh
1378 Hdi ng-hi Klioa hgc Dia
ly
Todn
ejud'c
ldn
tb&S
- Hd Ndi, 2010
VIEH DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET
NA?I
HOI DIA LY VEET NAM
78,8 km, phia Tay gidp tinh Kbdm mudn
(nude
Ldo) cd bien gidi ddi 201,9 km \d phia
ddng gidp bien Ddng vdi dirdng bd bien ddi
lion 116
km. Qudng Binh thucdc Bdc Trung

Bg,
nam d nai cd be ngang hep nhdt nirdc ta, tai Ddng Hdi chilu rdng lu Ddng sang
Tay chua ddy 50 km. Qudng Binh cd die;n tich viing
thim
luc dja
bo'n
20 nghin km2 va
ngodi khoi cd 5 hdn ddo Id Hdn La, hdn Ncdm, bdn Gid, Hdn Cd va hdn Vung Chiia.
Qudng Binh cd dien tich lu
nhii:n
Id
8.065
km2, dan sd trung binh nam 2008 Id
857.818 ngudi vdi mat do trung binh 106 ngu'di/km2. Hien nay Quang Binh cd 1 thdnh
phd la Ddng Hdi, 6 huyen, 141 xa, 8 phudng vd
10
thj trdn [5].
Ve mat tu nhien, Qudng Binh nam trong ddi kien tao Bac Trudng San, phia Tdy
la day Trudng Son an ngfr, phia Ddng la ddi ddng bang nhd hep va nhfrng day edn eat
chay dgc bd bien. Vugt qua deo Ngang, linh chdl lanh cd phan gidm
siit,
Qudng Binh
chju anh lurdng
ciia
gid
miia
chi
tuyi:n
khdng cd
miia

ddng lanb va khd rd ret, vdi lugng
nhiet va am ddi ddo.
Vj tri nay da quyet djnh den
sir
thdnh tao cac yeu td tu nhien vd tdi nguyen thien
nhien tinh Qudng Binh. Tao nhieu dieu kien thuan lgi cho Quang Binh trong viec phat
trien kinh te xa hdi ndi cluing vd boat ddng Du ljch ndi rieng.
Quang Binh cd the phat
trit;n
da dang eac loai hinh giao thdng van tai, Quang
Binh cd dudng Qudc Id
lA,
dudng sat Bdc - Nam, dudng
Fid
Chi Minh chay ngang
qua; Q vj tri ven bien, Qudng Binh ed the xay dung cac cang (cang Gianh, cang Hdn
La) phat trien giao thdng dudng bien; xdy dung cang hang khdng. Q phia tay, ed cac
ciia
khau Cha Lo, Ca Roong sang nude ban Lao va cac
nude
lang gieng tao dieu kien
md rdng cac mdi quan be hgp lac vdi cae
nude
trong khu vuc, d day cd the xay dung
cac khu kinh te thuong mai thu
hiit
khdch Du ljch mua sam, trao cldi hang hda.
Dac biet vdi dudng bd bien ddi hon
1 16
km, Quang Binh cd the manh ldn de phat

trien nhieu loai hinh Du ljch bien vdi nhfrng bai tdm dep, bang phang, khu vui choi gidi
tri va khu nghi duong ven bien.
Mat kbdc, nam tren "eon dudng di sdn Mien Trung", Quang Binh cd nhieu dieu
kien thuan Igi de bdi nhap vd
|)hat
trien Du ljch, dua Du Ijch trd thanh the manh trong
nen kinh te.
2.2.
Ve dja chat
Theo nhieu tai
lieu
nghien cuu cua Cue dja chat va khoang san Viet nam tbi lanh
tho Quang Binh thugc ddi Long Dai va mdt
phan
ddi Hoanh San. Ddi Long Dai nam ve
phia nam dirt gay Rao Nay cho den Rao Quan - Khe Sanh thugc tinh Qudng Trj, phia
tay keo sang tan Lao, chiem phan ldn dien tich lanh thd Quang Binh. Bd phan thugc ddi
Hoanh San ndm d phia bac dirt gay Rao Nay, chiem mgt dien tich nhd. Phia ddng Id cac
sut vdng Kaindzdi tren nen mdng cau triic
ciia
2 ddi Hoanh San va Long Dai gdm ddng
bdng Ba Ddn, Le Thiiy,
lain
gide chau eira sdng Nhat Le [6].
Tren
co'
sd nghien ciru thdnh phan thach bge, quy luat phan bd, mdi quan he dja
tdng, boat ddng mac ma cho thay khdi nui dd vdi Phong Nha-Ke Bang cd tren 400 trieu
nam tudi nay cd tram tich
ehii

yeu la Caebonat tudi tir Devon thirgng
di;n
Peemi, phirc
tap ve ca dja tang va can tnie, efmg nhu ddc diem thach hgc [6]. Tren ca sd dilu kien
thuan Igi ve dja chat kien tao, dac diem thach hgc, dudi tac ddng
ciia
dieu kien khi hau,
d day da dien ra qua trinh Karst triet de, tao nen su da dang
ciia
dja hinh cung nhu cac
canh quan thien nhien khac.
^"lEN
DIA Lt -
VEEtit
KHOCN VIET KAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
Cdu true dia chat va dac diem thach hgc Id mdl trong nhung yen td nen
tang,
luiuyen
nhdn tao nen su da dang cua cdc dang dja hinh-dja mao, mang ludi tluiy van vd
tinh ky
ihii
cua cdc dang dja binh hang ddng. Ddi vdi Quang Binh, dac diem dja chat
khdi
niii
da
\di
Phong Nha-Ke: bdng vd dja chat hang ddng lien quan true licp
den
phat
triln Du ljch. Day la

ingt
trong nhfrng khu vuc dugc dua vdo khai thdc
dt;
phdt
trii:n
nhilu loai binh Du ljch d Qudng Binh, gan day edc nhd dja chat dang quan ldm nghien
ciru de xay dung Cdng \ ic;n dja
dial o
Phong Nha-Ke Bdng, mcdt trong nhfrng thi; manh
Du ljch it noi cd dugc.
2.3.
Ve
dia hinh
Quang Binh cd xu hudng
ihap
ddn tir tdy sang ddng. Phia
ta\'
clui yeu
Id
nui trung
binh \d
luii
thap chicm tdi 85% dien tich loan tinh, phan ddng bang nhd
lie:p
d phia
dong chi
chiiiin
khodng
1
5%.

Ve mat cdu
Iriic.
dja hinh
Qii'i'ig
I^hdi
cd the phan chia thdnh 4 khu
\
uc:
\'iing
mii
o
phia tdy: Bao gdm cdc
luii
trung binh vd
luii
thdp. cd do cao tu 250m
dc;n
I500ni,
chiem khoang 65%o dic;n tich lanh thd. thap dan tu lay sang ddng vd
tii'
bae
\'do nam. Trong dd. mii cao lu 500m den
600ni
chiem phan Idn, cau tao clui yeu bdi cdc
dd bien
chat,
dd phien, cd hinh thdi dudng chia
nude mem
mai, sudn thoai. Cac dinh mii
cd do cao tren 1000m nlur:

U
Bd, Ba Ren, mii
Thii
Lii,
Cd Roong, Cd Pru. thudng
eau tao bdi dd xam nhap. dudng chia nude phirc lap, dinh nhgn, sudn ddc. Mdl sd dinh
cao tren
1500m
nlur:
Phu Cd Pi
(2058ni)
\'d dinh Cdta Rum (1623m). Day
Id
khu
virc
ccin ton tai rirng
ngu)'eii
sinh. Ddc
bii;l.
trong \'img cd cdc dang dja hinh
cacxto
phdn bd
rdng \'d'i khdi mii dd vdi Khe Ngang - Ke Bdng do cao trung binh 700 -
800ni.
ihap
ddn
lu nam ra bac va lir lay sang ddng, nam sal bien gidi Viet - Lao, trong Idng chua dung
tren 300 hang ddng ldn nhd cd gid trj hdng dau the gidi [6]. Q day he thdng sdng ngam
rat phdt trien lao nen cdc hang dgng ddi \
d

dcp. nhu ddng Phong Nba cd chieu ddi gan
8kin.
hang \'dm
15km.
hang 'Fdi cd chieu ddi hon
5km,
hang Thung
335
Im.
hang Tien
(Ong
2500m Hiidn
nay, d khu vuc ndy dang duge pludt hien them nbieu hang ddng mdi
nlur: Son Ddong,
Tii
Lan, Td
Mg, Vud'ii
Qudc gia Phong Nha-Ke Bdng dd duge cdng
nhdn la Di san thien nhicn the gidi nam
2003.
Vimg ddi
Irung
du: Ld khu vuc
chuven
licp cua vimg nui phia la\' vd ddi ddng ven
bien,
Cliicdm
khodng 20%
die}n
licli ldnh thd. cd

did
cao tir 50m den
250ni.
Phdn bd rdng
khdp cdc huyen, dgc theo cdc thung lung sdng. Cdu tao
chii
yen bdi edc tram tich luc
nguyen. da bien chat. Chju tdc dgng manh cua qua trinh bao mdn-rira trdi nen cd dang
cac ddi hoac day ddi mem mai.
]'inig
ddng bdng duyen hai: Nam trung thdp o' gifra. cd do cao ttr
15m
trd xudng.
Chicm chung
1
1% dien tich ldnh thd. phan bd clui yeu d cac huven Le Tluiy, Qudng
Ninh. Ddng Hdi, Bd Trach vd Quang 1 rach. Cd ngudn gdc mdi mdn-bdi tu sdng, sdng-
bien. Dugc bdi dap bdi
phii
sa sdng Gianh. song Kien Giang, sdng
Ly
llda,
sdng Dinh,
sdng Rdon.
Dui can
cdi
ven bien: Kc;o ddi Ur chdn deo Ngang (Quang Trach)
den
Mui Lay
(Lc:

'Fhu>)
cd chieu ddi ban
1 16
km. chicm khoang 4% die:n tich
tir
nhien cua Tmh. lap
trung
nhic;ti
nhdt
a
2 huyen phia nam la Quang Ninh \'d Le
Tluiv.
Dai cdn cdt
nd}
cd do
cao Ul 2-3m den 30-40nu
chitm
rdng co noi
lc;n
ldi 7km (Qudng Ninh). Ddy cung Id
nludng
klui
\
irc
cd canh dcp, ddc sdc, Cdc con cdt co
did
ddc ldn, ihudng xdy ra cdc hie;n
1380 Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn
th&S
- Hd Ndi. 2010

VIEW DIA LY -
VIE?'!
KHBCN
VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
tugng cdt bay, cdt chay ldn chiem ddng rugng. ldng mac, dirdng giao thdng gay nhieii
khd khan cho sdn xudl vd sinh boat cua ngirdi ddn noi day. 0 gdn khu \ uc ede cua sdng
cdn ed cdc bau, tram, ddm phd
nude
Ig khdng
chi
de; nudi trdng eac loai thuy sdn, nui
cdn Id noi phdt Irien cdc djch vu dn udng, tlurdng thiic dac sdn phuc vu du Ijch.
O
ven bien, cdc bdi edl ddi. bdng phdng nlur Qudng Ddng, Da Nhdy, Quang Phu,
Nhat Le, Hai Ninh, Ngu Flda, Sen
Fbuy chay
dgc theo bd
bii;n
la nhung cdnh quan
dep,
ed
the:
thu
bin
khdch du
Ijeh.
Cdc hdn ddo ngodi khoi nhu Fldn La, Vung
Chtia.
Ddo
Chim Id

nhung noi thudn Igi cho du Iich kbdm phd bic;n, ddo, du Ijch sinh thdi.
nghi
ngo'i.
2.4. Ve khi hau:
Qudng Binh cd dicu kien khi hdu mang sac thai chung
ciia
khi hau cac tinh Trung
Bd vd nam trong khu vuc khi hdu mang linh chat chuyen tiep gifra hai
inie:n
khi hau
mien Bac va khi hau Ddng Trudng Son, dong thai chju anh hudng sdu sac cua
bic;n.
Ddc
dic;in
khi hau d day Id khi hdu mang linh
nhiet
ddi gid nuia, cd
miia
ha khd ndng
chju anh budng
ciia
gid
iniia
Tdy Nam vd mua ddng lanh am chju dnh hudng
ciia
gid
miia
Ddng Bac.
Miia
mua chdm ve; thu ddng vd thudng chju anh hudng

ciia
cac
nhieu
ddng nlur: gid
miia
Ddng Bdc, bdo, dp
ihdp
nhiet ddi, ddi hdi tu ndi chi
tuyen gay
mua
ldn,
Ifi
lui.
Trong khi dd
miia
ha d ddy
lluriing
khd, ndng do dnh hudng
ciia
gid
miia
Tay
Nam, ddi kbi xay ra linh trang thieu nude vd khd ban tram trgng gay ra
nhieu
thiet hai
cho sdn xuat va ddi sdng con ngudi.
Qudng Binh cd
iie:n iiliicl
luong ddi eao, tdng nhiet ded boat ddng trong ndm d
Qudng Binh dat tu 8000-8500"C, nhiet do trung binh dat tu 24 ~

25"C,
bien do nhiet
nam tir 6-7'C, d mien mii cd bien do nhiel cao hon d viing ddng bang vd ven bien.
Nhfrng ngdy cd gid lay khd ndng, nhiet do eao nhat cd kbi len tdi
4l''C.
Khi cd khdng
khi lanh
Iran
vc vdi cudng do manh, nhiet do ed khi xudng thdp dudi 10 C. Che do
nhiet cd
sir
phan hod phuc tap theo do cao dja hinh, tir ddng sang tdy vd tir bae vdo nam.
Q day cd lugng mua khd phong plui, krgng mua trung binh hang nam dat
2100mm,
phdn bd khdng deu trong ndm. Ba thdng cd krgng nura ldn nhdt trong nam Id thdng 9,
10
vd
11
chiem gan 65%o lugng mua cd nam, trong dd thang
10
cd krgng mua ldn nhdt.
thudng dal tu
500-600min.
cd biet cd nludng ngdy nura bao lugng mua do dirge tdi
400nim.
Ba thdng ed krgng nura thdp nhdl Id Ihdng 2, 3 va 4, lugng nura mdi thang chi
tir30-50mm
[3].
Khi
bail

Id loai ldi
nguyen
du ljch da dang, dugc khai thdc de phuc vu cho nbieu mue
dich du Ijeh khac nbau. Khi hdu cung Id dieu kien tu nhicn anh huong true tiep den
viec
trien khai ede boat ddng du Ijch, quy djnh linh chdt
miia
vu trong boat ddng du ljch.
Khi ban Quang Binh khdng thudn lgi nhieu cho boat ddng Du Ijch va quy djnh rat
ldn tinb
niiia
vu cua cac boat dcdng Du Ijeh. Hang nam Qudng Binh chi ddn dugc khach
den tham vdo nhfrng thdng khdng cd nura lfr(tir thang 2 den thdng 9 hdng nam), vdo
iniia
he Qudng Binh la nai nghi ngoi vd
lain
bien ly tudng
ciia
du khdch. Ben canh dd
khi ban Qudng Binb tao dieu kien thudn Igi cho ngudn sinh vat phdt trien phong phu, da
dang, nhu Vudn Qudc gia Phong Nha - Ke Bdng.
2.5. Vc thuy
viin:
Sdng ngdi: So vdi cd nu'de Quang Binh cd mang ludi sdng ngdi kha day dac, mat
do trung binh dat 1,1 km/knr va phdn bd khdng ddng deu, d phia lay day dac hon so
Hdi nehi Khoa hoc Dia ly Toan qud'c lan
thd5
- Ha Ndi , 2010 13S1
VIEN DIA
LY -

VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA
LY
VIET NAM
vdi
VLing
N'en
bien. Do dja binb cd
sir
tuong phdn. hep be ngang nen sdng ngdi d day
ngdn, ddc, hdm lugng
phii
sa khdng Idn lam. Sdng ngdi d dd)' cd ngudn nude kha phong
phu do mua
\k
nude ngam cung cap.
Cbl do nude sdng ngdi hoan loan
phii
hgp
\6'\
khi ban mien Ddng Tnrdng San,
cd mdt
miia
lii tuong irng vdi
miia
nura va mcdt
miia
can tuong ung vdi
miia
khd, ngoai
ra cdn cd mdt lu lieu man vao thang 5 do mua

ciia
ddi hdi tu ndi chi tuyen.
Miia
lu
lugng ddng
chav
chiem tir 70 den 80% lugng nude ca nam, dinh
Ifi
xuat bien vao thang
9 thang 10, cd biel cd dinh lu tie:u man vdo thdng 5.
Miia
can lugng ddng chdy chicm 20
den 30% ca nam, keo ddi 8, 9 thdng. cd khi len tdi
10
thdng trong nam, kiet nhat Id vdo
thdng 6. thang 7 [3].
Quang Binh ed 5 eon sdng ldn
Id
sdng Rdon, sdng Gianh, sdng Ly
Flda,
sdng
Dinh va sdng Nhat Le. Cac sdng d Qudng Binh gan vdi cdc boat dgng le hdi, dac biet Ic
hgi dua
thuven
tren sdng Nhat Le, sdng Gianh; du
tlui}'en
ngam trang nghe bdt hd
khoan Le Thuy cfing cd sire hdp ddn khdch du ljch.
Hd: Quang Binh ed nhieu hd, niurng ehi cd mdt sd hd cd phong cdnh de;p, cd khd
ndng khai thdc du Ijch sinh thdi, cheo thuyen, boi ldi nhu: An Ma,

Phii
vinh.
Cam Ly,
Vue Trdn, Tien Lang, Bdu Trd, Bau Sen. Day efing la nhung noi md du khdch cd the
den de thudng thuc cdc mdn an ddc sdn dugc nudi trdng tai
did.
Ngudn nude khodng: Quang Binh cd mdt sd md
nude
khoang, song khdng nhieu.
Hien nay mdi phat hien duge 4 dicm (Nd Bd, Dcdng Ngan, sdng Trode, Khe Bang), do
khoang hda cao, nhiet do trung binh
40-60"C.
Ngudn
nude
khoang Khe Bang thugc loai sulfua hydro,
nude
khdng mdu, khdng
vj,
trong sudt, cd
miii
ITS, do pH= 6, nhiet ded dat tren
100"C
da dugc khai thdc, ddng
chai dua vao sir dung
tii'
nhieu nam nay. Hien tinh Quang Binb dang tiep tuc trien khai
ddu tu xay dung khu Du ljch nghi dudng vd phuc hdi chuc nang sudi nude ndng Bang,
Le
Tbu\'
vdi quy

ind
gan 500.000
in".
Trai vdi
sir
khan hiem cua
iiudc
tren mat d ven bien Quang Binh, ngudn
lurdc
ngdm d day lai khd phong
pbii
vd dn djnh. Muc
nude
ngam d chan cae cdn cat va cae
bai cat kha ndng, chi chung 30-40cm. Cac gieng dao cd rat nhieu nude, quanh nam
khdng can. nude ed chat hrgng tdt dugc dung cho sinh boat va san xuat. day
efuig
Id
ngudn nude nggt ddm bdo phuc vu khdch du ljch den nghi ngoi, tam bien.
2.5. Ve sinh vat:
Hien nay d Quang Binh tdng dien lieh ddt cd rirng chiem khoang 66,5% dien tich
tu nhien loan tinh. Trong dd rirng tu nhien
ehiidm
chirng 85%o. cdn
15%o
la rirng trdng
[5].
Vdi vj tri dja ly vd cac dieu kien tu nhic;n nhu tren thi Quang Binh dugc xem la
mdt phan
ciia

khu vuc giao kru cdc ludng sinh vdt 2 mien Nam, Bac. Qua cac ket qua
dieu tra cho thay thdm thuc vat
tir
nhicn qudng Binh rat da dang, phong
phii
ve kieu
loai.
Cd tren 80 hg va 400 lodi cay lay gd, trong dd cd nhieu loai gd quy nhu: Lim
xanh.
Sen, Tau, Dinh, Gu, Pamu, [6]. He ddng vat d day cfing rat phong plui. Tai Vudn
Qudc Gia Phong
Nha-Ki;
Bdng cdn rdt nhilu lodi dac huu quy
hiim.
Quang Binh cd
ngudn lgi thuy san vdi trfr lugng tuong ddi Idn vd phong
phii
ve lodi. cd nhieu lodi hdi
sdn quy hiem.
da\'
Id mgt ngudn dae sdn Idn de; phuc \u khdch du ljch.
1382 jjpj no-hi
Khoa hgc Dia ly Toan
ejud'c
ldn th&3 - Hd Ndi, 2010
VIEN
DIA
LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM
HOI
BIA LY VIET NAM

Thdm thuc vat tu nhic;n d day gdm rung Id rdng nhiet cldi am thudng xanh d dcd
cao dudi 800m, rirng Id rdng d nhiet ddi dm thudng xanh
tii'
do cao tir 800 den
1700m,
rung bdn giao dn dcdi dm d do cao tren
1
700in,
tren ddt cat cd rirng thdp vdi cay la cung
thich ung khd ban; vung ven bien ed rirng ngap man phan bd d edc cira sdng. Flien nay
dudi tac ddng khai pha
ciia
con ngudi cae loai rirng nguyen sinh da bj tan pha, thay the
vao dd la cac kieu rirng thir sinh nhu tre, nira, trdng ed
thii'
sinh, cay bui thir sinh, thuc
vat trdng nhu kia, boa mdu, rirng trdng, cay cdng nghiep, cay an qud Nhieu vung rirng
da bj khai tbdc can kiet bien thdnh ddt trdng ddi trgc.
Dae biet Qudng binh cdn lai mdt phdn rung nguyen sinh viing nui phia Tay, trong
dd Vudn Qudc gia Phong Nha - Ke Bdng la mdt trong nhfrng khu rirng nguyen sinh quy
hiem d Viet Nam cd he thdng ddng thuc vat da dang va ddc dao vdi nhieu ngudn gen
quy hiem. Vudn Qudc gia Phong Nha - Kc: Bang dirge cdng nhan la di san thien nhien
thi
gidi cd dien tich 85.754 ha,
did
che phu dat 93,8%), ed khoang
1103
loai thue vat vd
nhieu lodi ddng vat quy hiem. Ddy
Id

ldi sdn vd gia eua tbien nhien ban lang cho Quang
Binh dl phat triln nhilu loai hinh Du ljch hdp ddn ed gia trj nhu: Leo mii, mao hiem,
sinh thai, hang dgng,
Vdi nhiing dieu kien lu nhien vd lui nguyen thien nhien ke tren cho thdy Qudng
Binh CO
nhirng the manh lu nhien nhdl dinh de sir dung vd phdt trien Du Iich ben vimg,
Idu ddi neu co nhimg bien phdp khai
ihdc,
su dung hap ly.
Khu vue doi nui da vdi d phia Tay, dac biet la khdi
niii
da vdi Phong Nha - Ke
Bang la noi chira dung tiem ndng Du Ijeh tu nhicn rat ldn ve ca gia trj dja chat - dja
mao,
dja hinh, tbiiy van, sinh vdt.
Quan the ban 300 hang ddng phong
phii,
ky vy d day van cdn nhieu bi an chua
dugc kham phd
hit.
Ciing vdi
hid
thdng hang ddng ky dieu la cac sdng ngam va hd
nude
ngdm soi bdng thach nhu trdng le va ky do. Day qua that la "thien dudng" cho cac nha
khoa hgc kbdm pha, tham hiem vd khdch du Ijch. La mdt nai dien hinh
ciia
qua trinh dja
chat thanh tao cac dang dja hinh Caexta.
Hdng chuc dinh mii cao tren

l.OOOin,
hiem trd chua cd vet chan ngudi la nai hap
din
cho cac nha
the
thao leo mii, du ljch mao hiem, kham pha.
Rirng nguyen sinh ed do
die
plui ldn. tinh da dang sinh hgc cao, phong
phii
ve
thuc vat, ddng vat vdi nhieu loai dae huu quy hiem; cdc ngudn sdng sudi cd phong canh
dep nhu Sudi Mgoe, sdng Chdy, rung Gdo, thdc Gid day la tiem nang ldn de phdt
triln cae tuyln du ljch sinh thdi, nghi ngoi, ngam cdnh, tan hudng khdng khi trong ldnh
cua thien nhien hoang da.
Cach Ddng
IkVi 60kin
ve phia nam
Id
sudi
nude
ndng Bang, Le Thiiy. Day Id
ngudn nude duy nhat d nude ta sdi d nhiet dcd 105 C. Ciing vdi viec nghi dudng, chua
benh, du ljch sinh thdi, sudi nirdc khoang Bang edn la ngudn
nude
khoang dugc khai
thac lam
nude
giai khdt cd gid trj.
Q phia tay cdn cd nggn nui dd vdi Than Dinh la no'i kha ddc dao, rirng d day cdn

nguyen sinh, cay cdi
uin
linn, ket hgp vdi mdt sd hang ddng tren dinh mii va su linh
thien"
ciia
den chiia, d day cd khd ndng khai thac du Ijch tam linh, du Ijch sinh thai.
Quang Binh cd mcdt sd hd nam gifra vimg ddi mii cd phong canh dep nhu hd .\n
Ma, Cam Ly,
Phii
Vinh, Vuc Trdn, Vuc Ndi. Hd Tien Lang ed the sir dung de dao
Hoi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Toan
cjudc
lan thu'5
-
Ha
Ndi,
2010
1383
VIEN DIA Lt - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA Lt VIET NAM
choi,
ngdiii
canh.
CIKO
lhu_vc:n.
boi lgi. ludt \'dn, can cd. Ddy ciing Id nhfrng diem du
Iich cd
sue
hap ddn ddi \di du khdch cho nhung
ngd\
nghi

ngdn cudi ludn.
Khu \
i,rc
Qtidnli
cdch Ddng
lidi
7km xe phia
ld_\'
cfiiig
Id
nidi
dja
diCiii
du Iich
sinh thdi ddc dao cua Quang Binh.
Dgc theo bd
bic:n
Quang Binh
Id
nhfrng bdi eat ddi. bang phang hinh thdnh
lu-n
nhieu bdi lam
dc;p
nlur:
Ly I
lod. Quang
Phii.
Nhdt Le. Bdo Ninh, Vd Ninh,
Ngir I
hu\.

thu but khach du Iich vdo
miia
ndng ndng.
N'ling
\en bien
liiiiTC
licit phdi ke den Vfrng
Cluia-Dao d
en, ndm dudi chdn Deo
Ngang ndi tieng
Mvi
nhfrng bdi bien sach. dep.
vjnh
ntrde sdu
I
ldn La. Dao Chim. canh
sac ludi hda llur
mgng.
Id
mdt dicm du ljch
bic;ii
1_\' ludng.
\'cn
Qudc Id
lA,
\'iing luii-bicn
Ly Hda (Bd Trach) cd non cao,
bien
rdng. cdt
trdng, duong xanh. phong cdnh hfru linh. Bdi bien Dd

Nlid\
Id
noi du ljch
nghi
mdt. tdm
bien
l\
tlui \di nludng bai da kic ndo cung cd sdng trdng.
Bdi
bidi
Nhdl Le. Quang Plui. Bdo Ninh
Id
mdt cum du Ijcb
bicii
thu luit khdch du
Iich
nelu
nt:c^'i.
lam bie;n trong
miia
he. Q ddy cd
Ihc
xdy dung cdc khu
ngin
dudng. dn
ljch sinh lluii.
\'iii
clioi giai tri,
the;
thao kc;l hgp gifra vimg ddi cdt.

bidi.
sdng. hd \d
nludng rirng cdv \en bien. Bien Nhdt Lc. ldng Bdo Ninh. khu nghi mat cao cdp
Stinspa
Resort
dang llurc
si,r
Id diem dc;n hap dan cua khdch du ljch.
Ngodi nludng
Item
ndng ldn ve du Iich tu nhien, (dudng Binh cdn cluia dung ca
he;
di licli ljch su van hda cd gid trj qua
nhic;u ihcdi
dai, ddc
bii;l
ddi "ducdng
Lrirdng
son
lui)en
thoai"".
Dd)
cung
Id
mgt liem ndng du ljch ldn. ke;t hgp de; ndng cao gid
Irj
cdc
liem ndng
lir
nhicn cua Du ljch Qudng Binh.

III.
MOT SO DjNH HUONG PHAT TRIEN DU
LjCII
TREN
CO
SO
SU'
DUNG
HOP LY DIEU KIEN TU NHIEN VA TAI NGUYEN TINH QUANG
BINH.
Hidi lUi)
Qudng Binb da khai thdc, su dung mdl sd tiem ndng
lir iihie;n
de phdt
trie;!!
Du Ijch, mdt sd kbdc dang bat ddu khai thdc, cdn mdl phdn
tiCnn
an van chua dugc
khai thdc, tre;n
ihuc
le boat ddng Du ljch Qudng Binh van cdn chua tuang xung vdi tiem
ndng cua \img \d
lliic;ii bcii
vfrng | 1].
Du Hch (duang Binh
nidi
chi tap trung
a
Vudn Quoc Gia Phong Nha Ke Bdng
vd bien Nludl Lc;. Du khdch den Qudng Binh dui

yciti
dc tham quan dcdng Phong Nha,
nghi
ngoi \d tdm bien Nhat
L.e.
Tai Vudn
Quijc
gia Phong Nha - Ke Bang boat ddng
Du ljch chinh Id tham quan mdl sd hang ddng da dugc kbdm plui, vdo nuia he; khdch du
ljch CO the; tham gia mgt sd
tiiye;n
du lieh sinh thdi da
diiiTC
khai tbdc trong Vudn Qudc
Gia Phong Nha-Ke bang nhu: Sudi nude Mgoc, rung Gdo, tbdc
Gid Bien
Nhat Le-
Quang Phil. Bdo Ninh, khu nghi mdl eao cap Sunspa Resort
Id
trung
lain
du ljch thir hai
cua Qudng Binh dang thu but mdt lugng khdch du Ijeh tuong
dc^ii
ddng dao, nhdt Id vc
nuia he.
4"roiig
nludng ndm gan ddy, Qudng Binh cfing dd cd nhfrng boat ddng xuc
lien,
qudng bd du ljch thu luit khdch trong vd ngodi nucdc, lang cudng dau Ur cho co so ha

ldng. mdt sd
dir
dn da duge khdi cdng xdy dung. Iugt
klidcli din
tham quan vd long
doanh thu tir cdc boat dgng du Iich ldng ldn. Ndm 2008 cd 670.000 Iugt khdch den
Quang Binh tdng 12% so vdi ndm 2007. trong do khdcb qudc le
Id
35.000
Itm'l
tdng
^•^^"^
Hdi ng-hi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c
ldn th&S
- Hd Ndi, 2010
VIEN DIA Lt
•
VIEN KHOCN
VIET
NAM HGI DIA Lt VIET NAM
5l'";j
. long doanh thu cac
lioat di)ng
du licli dal 370
[y
dong. ldng
26"'o
so \ai ndm
2007
I 1

j,
Ngdnh Du
lidi
(^iiiaiig
Binh dd co nludng btrcdc
cluiyi;n
bien
J:ing
ke:.
Song \iec
khai thdc
licim
ndng du ljch cdn
ihiclui
qu)-
hoach lodn dien. Cdic tuven,
die;m.
cum du
Ijdi
con boat dgng
ilge
ld[i,
ihicti sir ttreuig
tdc hd
IrcT
tao thdnh
sir
lien hodn. \
u'lig
elide

trong long the tai
ngi!)c:n
\a mdi
Irtnvng itr nliicin
eua ldnh thd.
Vie;c
l^hai
tbdc ldi
ngu)'en
du
lidi
dura gdn vcVi
\iee
gid giu. bao ve ngudn tdi
ngu\e;n
thidn nhien nhtr:
tha)'
tloi
dja hinh,
dial
phd
cd)
cdi, khai thdc rirng, Udng rua trdi \d xdi mdn ddt
\'dn
de d
nliic;ni
mdi trudng ddt, nude, khdng khi do xdy dtrng, rdc thai cua khdch du
lidi
cdn chua dugc xu ly
Iriel

de, ddc
biet
Id d edc khu vuc bd bic:n, kbu du ljch sinh lluii, dd
ngoai, nghi
dircdng
Yen td tdi nguyen \d mdi
Irtrcdng Id qii)e;t
djnh song cdn ddi
\cVi
boat dgng du
Ijdi,
1
loat dgng du
lidi
khdng nhfrng cd tdc dgng den tdi
ngii)-di
vd mdi
trtrd'iig
ttr nhien
md cdn tdc dgng
den
ea cdc tdi nguven \d mdi trucdng nhdn
\aii.
riiirc Iraiig trdi dio
llid)
van de su
iliing
hop ly ngudn ldi
ngii)cn
du Ijeh ttr nhicn \'d bao \e mdi trucdng du

lidi cT
(,)uang
Binh cdn dugc tiep luc nghien cuu mdl cdch todn dien. Vdn dc khai thac
ldi
ngii)e'n
du
lidi
phai di ddi \ cii \ ice sir dung hcrp ly ldi
ngu)cn
vd bao
\'c;
mdi
li'trevng.
phai ddt nd Irong ldng the; pluil trien cua nen kinh lc; \d trong be; thdng tdi
ngiuen
thien
nhicn, mdi
tru'cTiig
tinh Qudng Binh.
Mcdt sd djnh
liucVng
trong phat
triC'u
Du Iich Quang Binh de sir dung hop Iy ngudn
tai
iignycMi
thien nhien
\a
bao vc
nidi

trucrng la:
1,
Li'di
CO'
SO'
qti)
hoach tdng the cua nen kinh te xd luii linh Quang
Bnili.
Irticic
hc't
cdn bd sung vd hodn chmh
(^)u)
hoach tdng
the;
phdt trien ngdnh
\)n Ijdi man
tmh:
ben canh dd mdi
lu)cn.
diem,
ciinli
du
lidi
cdn cd nhfrng quy
hoacli
rieng ed tinh loan
den
sue
cluia cua tiing khu.
tii)en.

ciim.
dicm
du ljch dc; cd mot
qu)'
hoach hop ly, Cdn
dui y
dcMi
he thdng
ihu
gom. xu I) rac. lurcic thai lai
tcrng
khu. luyen, didn du Iich.
2,
Clui trgng
vicic
ung
dimg
\d phdt trien cdng nghe; thong tin trong phdt trien du
Iich; xdy dting he llidng co' so'
did lieu
\e;
LIU
Iich: tao dieu
kien
dc; cdc lo cluic ca
nhdn
\d ldp
tin;
lluim gia nghien cuu \d ung dung lien bd khoa hgc cdng nghe; \do hoat dgng
du

Ijdi.
I dug cirdng
lurp
tdc irong \d ngodi
lurcVc.
tiep can \oi cdc thanh tuu cdng
nghe
du ljch mdi. licin
ticin.
hien dai tren
the;
gidi nlur: cdng nghe xanh trong Ju
lidi.
du
lidi
sinh
ihdi,,.nhdm
giam thieu d nhiem
nidi truiuig \'d lieil
kiem ndng lirerng. giu gin cac
ngudn tdi ngu)en dia chdl. dia
nuio.
sinh \dt. ngudn
luieVc
phuc vu Ju ljch,
Nghien cdu ddnh gia tdc dgng mdi truong ddi vdi cdc
e:ltr
an phat trien Ju
lidi
nhdm cd

si^r
nhin nhdn todn
diJii
\e
nlifing
tac Jong cua Ju ljch Jen ldi
ngti)en nioi
ti'irii'iig
\d'i
sir
tham
gi;i
cua cgng Jdng
CT
Jia phirang. cd nlui'iig
iliou dimh
phu hgp Jc
ban che; tdi Ja nludng tdc dgng lic:u
circ den
tdi ngu)en \d mdi irudng. nhdt la nhfrng noi
da dua \ do khai thac mdl
thdi
gian \a nludng khu
\
uc nha) cam \e moi trirong nlur:
Virdii
Qudc gia Phong Nha-Ke
Bang,
bien Nhdl
Lc;.

khu du
Iich nghi Judng
sudi
Baiuz.
khu Ju
lidi siiili
thdi Da
Nlui),,,
3,
111) en
tru)e;n.
\dn Jong ket hgp \di gido
Jtic
ndng
c;to
hieu bid cua
cdiuz
ddng. xd hgi
NC
\dn de; su
Jiiiig liet kieim
tai
ngu)en.
giam thieu
tdi
Ja
o
nliidn
moi
irtrdng.

Co nludng
bieiii
phdp de ngdn chdn \ iec lieu
tlui
tdi ngu)en qua nuic \a han
dic
Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Dia iy Toan qudc
hiii tli&o
- Hd
Nedi,
2010 13S5
VIEN DIA Lt - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA Lt VIET NAM
chdt thai
ciia
khach hdng. Ddng thai cd nhfrng bien phdp de kicm sodt dugc lugng chat
thdi tir boat dcdng du Ijch.
4.
Pbdl trien du Ijch gan
licSn
vdi bdo tdn cdc gia trj vc van hda. bdo ve cdnh quan,
Idn^
shep boat ddng du ljch vdo cac boat ddng
ciia
ccdng ddng dja phirong nhdt Id cdc
vung dan ldc il ngudi nhu: Vudn qudc gia Phong Nha-Kc; Bdng, Khu du ljch nghi
dudng sudi Bang; cac vimg ven bien Quang Phu, Da Nhdy, Vting Chiia, Ddo
Yin, nhdm
bao ve tinh da dang thien nhien. da dang sinh
thai,
da dang van hda.

5.
Tiep thj ddi vdi khach du lieh
Id
mdt trong nhfrng boat ddng can dugc clui
trgng doi vdi du Iich Qudng Binh, ddc biet
Id
tic:p thj du Ijch "xanh". Cdn cung edp cho
du khdch
dd)
du nhfrng thdng tin de bge cd the hicu ve cdc khia canh cua ldi
nguyc;ii
\a
mdi trudng cd lien quan den chuyen du ljch, giup hg ed
sir lira
chgn
phii
hgp; budng
dan hg nhung dieu can ldm vd khdng nen ldm vc: ddi vdi tdi
nguv'idn
vd mdi trudng d
nhfrng noi hg den tham quan du Iich, giiip du khdch nhdn bic;l dugc nhfrng tdc ddng
lidn tang vd trach nhiem cua minh ddi vdi cdng ddng noi md hg
dc;ii.
IV.
ICET LU.4N
Van de su dung hgp ly ngudn tdi nguyen thien nhien vd bdo ve mdi
trircTiig Id
co'
sd quan trgng de phat trien du Ijch mdt cdch ben vfrng. Qudng Binh
Id

mdt tinh cd nhieu
tiem nang ve tu nhien de pbdl trien du ljch, tdi nguyen du ljch Qudng Binh ndi cluing vd
tdi ngu)en du ljch Ur nhien Qudng Binh ndi rieng hien nay dting dugc tap trung khai
thdc de dua vdo su dung.
Hic:n
tai mdt sd tiem nang du Ijeh lu nhien Quang Binh da dugc khai thdc vd dua
vdo su dung nhu: Vudn Qudc gia Phong Nha-Ke Bang, bien Nhat Le, bien Quang Phu,
Viing
Chiia-Ddo
Yen, bien Bdo Ninh
di:u
la nhfrng noi nhay cdm ve mdi trudng. Q
day bang nam thu luit mdt lugng khdcb du ljch tuong ddi ddng va dang Id nhfrng khu
vuc chju tac ddng khdng nhd
ciia
cac boat dcdng du ljch. Tren thue te phdt trien cdc boat
ddng du ljch Qudng Binh van chua tuong xung vdi tiem nang
ciia
Quang Binh vd dang
cd nhieu ngu)' eo' dnh
liucdng
xdu den tdi nguyen, mdi trudng nlur: Ngudn chat thai tir
cac cdng trinh xay dung co' sd ha tang du ljch, tir nhd hang, khach san, khdch du Ijch;
Cac cdng trinh xay
dicing
ndy ciing cd nhung kha nang gay xdi
Id
d ven bien Nhdt Le:,
Quang Phil. Da Nhdy , khu vuc sudi Bang, Phong Nha-Ke Bang; dnh hudng den
ngudn nude; bien ddi da dang sinh bge, be sinh thdi

Mat khde tic:m nang tu nhien dc phdt tric:n du Ijch Qudng Binh la
inidt
bd phan
trong tdng the tu nhicn lanh thd Qudng Binh. Van de khai thdc sir dung ngudn tai
nguyen nd)' phdi gdn lien vdi viec khai
Ihac
tdi nguyen va bdo ve mdi trudng tren todn
lanh thd Qudng Binh. Chinh vi vay viec nghien ciru tiem nang du ljch
tir
nhien Qudng
Binh. tren ca sd dd dua ra nludng djnh hudng phat trien trong boat ddng du lieh de su
dung mot each hgp ly ngudn tai nguyen vd bdo ve mdi trudng
Id
van de rat quan trgng
va cdn
thiet
ddi vdi Qudng Binh hien nay.
^^^^
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn
tli&S
- Hd Ndi. 2010
VIEN
BIA Lt - VIEN KHOCN VIET
NA?.f
HOI DIA Lt VIET NAM
TAI
LIEUTHAlVIKHAO
1.
Beio cuo sa ket 3 ndm thue liien chuang Irinh
phdi

Irien Du
Iich
Quung Binh
2006-200H.
UBND linh Quang
Binh.
2.
Chuong Irinh phut Inen Du
Iich
Ouang Binh giui
doim
2006-2010.
UBND tmh
Quang Binh.
3.
Ky su Nguyen Dai. Bdo cdo "Thu
ihiip
vd chmh ly sd lieu khi luc/ng
iliiiy
vdn
Quung Binh lu num 1956 den num 2005". Tdi
Helm
hru trfr cua Trung
lain Dir
bao khi
tugng tluiy vdn Qudng Binh, nam 2006.
4.
Nghj Quylt vl Quy hocich
IcJng
thd phdt Iridn kinh

lie
- xu hgi Quung Binh den
num 2020.
I
ldi ddng nhdn ddn tinh
(^tiang
Binh.
5.
Nien gidm thong ke Qucing binh. Cue thdng ke Quang Binh, ndm 2008.
6. Phan Duy Ngd vd nnk.
Diic
diem diu
chcd,
diu
incio
vimg Phong Nhu-Ke Being.
Tdi
liciu
kru trfr lai sd KH-CN Quang Binh.
7.
Pham Trung Luong, Ddng Duy Lgi vd nnk. Tui nguyen vu mdi Inrdng Du lieh
Viel Num. NXB Gido
diic
Hd Ndi.
2001.
8. TS. Lc:
Tiin
Dung vd tap the tdc gia. Bdo cdo de tdi •''Dieu Ira, nghien
ciiu
long

hgp diu chid vu khodng sun phuc vu quy hocich phcil trien kinh le vu bua ve mdi trudng
Qudng Binh ", Luu trfr tai Sd KH-CN Qudng Binh.
9. Website Qudng Binh.
hltp://\\\^\v.qtlall^binh.,^ov.vn.
Hoi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Toan
cjudc
lan
thd5 -
Ha.
Nidi ,
2010
i3S7