!"#$%
&'(()!"#
*$!+,-
./01.2345637893:4;34'<=<7>?@34AB>C345D37
./01.2345637893E4F'7>?@3G:5H37
<.341.23I4J:4.K3'7>?@334>L3
6E'MN 4OP'MN
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 2
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
!
"#$%&'()*+,(-+.
/0+..1'(/0+.#&
M=JP:4Q3I4R37STI;34I0/3
(23$4#5+(63378+.9:+(4)#;(<+.;(=>5&?#(@$53A()*+3(B5
9,+.CDEFF'GFHI3#41+(23$4#5+(63>53(J+.K'
5
(L++(23$3=+(35J+375+.+(>5&?#(@4#5(M++.537N;(5,+.
5
%$,&9,54,&.J43(5,&J4(54<+.+(O+P&>24375+.Q(O+R/S+.I
37J+($4T+.;U+(4)#(23(V+.3(<+..13(:3#4(L++(23$375+.+(
5
!"#$%&
W
5
X W
5
X /0+..14()$A5
YIF YE #&
U=4Q3VWI:L>XP0:4Y
'()*"+
/Z44(#P&YP0Q
[0Q'0Q>\#
]^HW&&X_`^IHHW;4#Pa&
(
5
X
[0Q'A4(ROb
]^W&&X_`^IcW;4#Pa&
(
5
X
[0QY'0Q>\#
]^HW&&X_`^IKHW;4#Pa&
(
5
X
'()*,
(L+>d3P28.e
]^YHW&&X_`^IEW;4#Pa&
(
5
X
;=4(3(/044f#7#>5'W&X
'()*,-
(L+>d3P28;=+(
]^HW&&X_`^IcHW;4#Pa&
(
5
X
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 3
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
=4(3(/044f#gh'W&X
.'()*
(L+&J3<+
]^W&&X_`^HW;4#Pa&
(
5
X
/'()*
P5A+U+;(<+.4J4(+(23I;i3468+U+j/0P$633k+(l+I9l35+..A4(>mI
4J3$B+$n&IP0Q9l35+.37l+4?+.jbH&&
U++($/Z44(#P&Yj,+(/g#8
D¶i 3
D¶i 2
D¶i 1
Z=;34I0/34KSTI[>?\334.KI]I;348.K3I;:4I[>?\334.KI^:_PVWI:L>
!*0'
^
N
n
i
i
i
T
αλ
δ
α
++
∑
=
75+.$1
'2gV37#5$h+(239U&o39l+375+.4)#;i34689#54(BW
5
X
'2gV37#5$h+(239U&o39l++.54)#;i34689#54(BW
5
X
/N+.$1+.1'^
/N+.;(863.1'^H
'pUjb4)#P0Q>d3P283(qW&X
'2gVjr++(234)#P0Q>d3P283(qW4#Pa&
(
5
X
s l+;i3468>4683A5
∑
=
n
i
i
i
λ
δ
/N+.
[/N+.$1+.1W#&X
[/N+.;(863.1WObI <+.Ipt4X
KIH
KIH
H
IE
IE
IcFH
IcE
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 4
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
f#7#>5
[(863.1WObX KIH H IH C
Y f#gh;=+(
[Ob
[ <+.
KIH
KIH
H
H
EIF
EIF
E J H KIE
H U+4(#P&Ej,
[u,
[u,
[u,Y
^IE
^I
^I
12*0%3()*
s l+;i3468 v^#9W&
X i3w8,
/N+.
[#&
[pt4
[ <+.
[Ob
/N+.;(8$x4+(<&
$T+.
[ <+.
[pt4
/N+.;(84(q#3#+.
w8#b
[pt4
[Ob
FcIE
FcIE
E
K
FIF
Yc
Y
f#gh;=+(
[ <+.
[Ob
E
F
Y f#7#>5
[Ob F
E J E
H U+
[u,
[u,
[u,Y
F
F
EF
c f#gh&J F
N=;34`5H3734.KIIa3I4LIb>PVWI:L>XP0:4Y
/Z+.+(233h+3(63w8#;i34689#54(B$/Z43=+(3(B54<+.3(q4
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 5
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
'/Z+.+(233h+3(63w8#;i34689#54(BW;4#Pa(X
'u2+3=4(378bU++(234)#;i34689#54(BW&
X
'2gV378bU++(23w8#;i34689#54(BW4#Pa&
(
5
X
'(23$3=+(35J+4)#;(<+.;(=9l+375+.I
5
'(23$3=+(35J+4)#;(<+.;(=9l++.5I^YIF
5
'2gV;%$i+>"37=3/M+.$V4)#;i34689#54(Bg5>09l++.5C
s l+;i3468
W4#Pa&
(
5
X
v
W&
X W
5
X W
5
X W;4#Pa(X
/N+.
[#&
[pt4
[ <+.
[Ob
/N+. ;(8 $x4 +(<&
$T+.
[ <+.
[pt4
/N+. ;(8 4(q# 3#+.
w8#b
[pt4
[Ob
IcFH
IcE
IcE
IcE
IcE
IcE
IcE
IcE
FcIE
FcIE
E
K
FIF
Yc
Y
YE
YE
YE
YE
YE
YE
YE
YE
YI
F
YI
F
YI
F
YI
F
YI
F
YI
F
YI
F
YI
F
YIF
YIKY
EIY
EYIGc
YIG
EIHc
HIGc
EYIG
f#gh;=+(
[ <+.
[Ob
EIF
EIF
E
F
YE
YE
YI
F
YI
F
HYIGc
GIEK
Y f#7#>5
[Ob I F YE YI FKIG
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 6
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
F
E J KIE E YE YI
F
YKcGIG
H U+
[u,
[u,
[u,Y
IE
I
I
F
F
EF
YE
YE
YE
YI
F
YI
F
YI
F
EHIc
YHI
IHc
c f#gh&J EIF F YE YI
F
FEcIHc
K h+. W4#Pa(X
c=;34`5H3734.KIXG:deb>PVWI:L>XP0:4Y
/Z+.+(239q4RAw8#;i34689#54(B.T&+(239q4RAw8#&J>w8#;=+(
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
'/Z+.+(239q4RA4)#&o337Nw8#&J
'/Z+.+(239q4RA&o337Nw8#4f#;=+(
/"4567&%8+9*
pq4RA&o337Nw8#3/N+.>&J$/Z43=+(3(B54<+.3(q4
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
'pq4RA&o337Nj54(l+(P24(+(23$W;4#Pa(X
'pq4RA&o337Nj5j#5$+.+(23$W;4#Pa(X
5.1.1Tính bức xạ mặt trời do chênh lệch nhiệt độ
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
'2gV378bU++(23w8#&JC
'j2+3=4(&JC W&
X
'+(23$9l+375+.3=+(35J+CYE
5
'+(23$378+.9:+(4)#;(<+.;(=9l++.5C
W
5
X
75+.$1
'(23$378+.9:+(4)#;(<+.;(=9l++.5
5
'(23$378+.9:+(3/M+.$/M+.4)#;(<+.;(=
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 7
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
W
5
X
75+.$1
'2gV(6Q3(y9q4RA4)#9U&o3;i34689#54(BC
J3<+37J+.;z&I
'/N+.$(2gV37#5$h+(239U&o3+.5;i34689#54(B
W;4#Pa&
(
5
X
'/N+.$9q4RA378+.9:+(37l+&o3Q({+.;i3468
/0+.&o34(=+('/0+.#&
W;4#Pa&
(XWDEFFGGHX
W;4#Pa&
(X
W
5
X
W
5
X
W;4#Pa(X
5.1.2Bức xạ mặt trời do dao động nhiệt độ
%RJ4$"+(9l+$j#5$+.4)#+(23$3h+.3#Q(,R|39l+$4)#+(23$
3/M+.$/M+.j59q4RA.Ob7#>9l+$4)#+(23$;(<+.;(=+.537NC
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
&
'pl+$j#5$+.3h+.
75+.$1
}'2gVP24(Q(#Q(y3(84>5$P24(Q(#~•>3€gV.\#9l+$
j#5$+.3/M+.$/M+.>+(23$9l++.5
pl+$j#5$+.4)#4/N+.$9q4RA413(%RJ4$"+(+(/(28gV.\#
4/N+.$4k4$A>4/N+.$378+.9:+(375+.+.b$l&WE(XC
;4#Pa&
(WDEFFGGHX
;4#Pa&
(
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 8
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
•+.>09l+$j#5$+.+bI+(23$3/M+.$/M+.gz419l+$j#5
$+.
W
5
X
(23$;(<+.;(=9l++.54‚+.j#5$+.3(B53(N.#+>04(8;:E
.N>09l+$
75+.$1
'(23$378+.9:+($5Px4Y(4)#3(J+.+1+.+(63C
5
'(23$378+.9:+(3(J+.4)#3(J+.+1+.+(63
5
WCDEFFƒGGHX
5
>5Px4(_>5Px4Y(C
~3^Y^
7#9,+.YgJ4(;„3(8d33(<+..1W37#+.X_3#41}^IGG
Ddb
v'2gV3t3jn+Q(y3(84>54683A54)#>d3P28
75+.$1
'h+.4J4+(2337S4)#4J4>d3P28375+.;i34689#54(B
J3<+'W;4#Pa&
(X
75+.$1
'2gV(&+(234)#P0Q>d3P28
<+'s^FW;4#Pa&
(
5
X
W;4#Pa(X
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 9
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
W;4#Pa(X
W;4#Pa(X
/"4567&8+*09*,3
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
'2gV375+.g8V34f#;=+(Cf#;=+(P0Q^IG
'2gV&q49…+&o3;=+(Co3;=+($q+.P0Q^IF
'2gV4(B;(8639S;(8+.4f#Cf#ghP0Q;=+(3({+.$q+.;(8+.
3(|Q^IKHIKG
'2gV4(B;(8639S4J4(23(V+.4(B+t+.C>†+.4(B+t+.^IGH
'/N+.$9q4RA&o337N37l+&o3Q({+.4(i89q4RA3A3(N$%&3=+(
35J+W;4#Pa&
(X
'u2+3=4(4f#;=+(4(i89q4RA3A3(N$%&3=+(35J+W&
X
s
/0+. W&
X W;4#Pa&
(X W;4#Pa(X
<+.
^IG
^IF
^IKG
^IGH
Ob
^IG
^IF
^IKG
^IGH
KHI
W;4#Pa(X
Ddb
W;4#Pa(X
W;4#Pa(X
f37I4>34.KI80XG:deghII[i.
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 10
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
W;4#Pa(X W;4#Pa(X W;4#Pa(X
KHI HEEGIK HKYEIG
j=I;34`5H3734.KIIkP
:1;2"+
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
w'/Z+.+(23j5&3+./N3‡#7#375+.(
w^W;4#Pa(a+./NXC(B59,+.ƒ37#+.HcgJ4(;„3(8d33(<+..1
'sV+./N41375+.Q(O+R/S+.
3(i39"'+./N_P-'+./N
+./N
sV+./NQ(y4>y375+.Q(O+R/S+.W
sV+./NP#5$+..J+3iQC+./N
+./N
W;4#Pa(X
W;4#Pa(X
:1;2<=
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
'h+.4<+.g8634J43(i39"4(i8g#+.
Fc'2gV4(8b%+$2++†+.g#+.+(23+†+.
#'3l84(8…+4(i8g#+.C#^FWˆa&
X^FW;ˆa&
X
v'jl+3=4(4(i8g#+.W&
XWj2+3=4(Q(O+R/S+.X
W&
X
W;4#Pa(X
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 11
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
W;4#Pa(X
: 1;>(5?@AB*C
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
^IKIG'2gVgfjy+.4<+.g863$o3&JbC(L+
'2gVQ(y3,C(L+
'2gV;%$i+gkP&>24$T+.3(N4)#4J4j+.4M$2+C(L+
'2gV4(8b%+9i+4M+†+.3(+(+(23+†+.3‡#>5;(<+.;(=R8+.
w8#+(C(L+
'h+.4<+.g8633l84(8…+4)#3(i39"
WX
s
l+.L h+.4<+.g863$2+W‰X ŠW;4#Pa(X
-+68.#+. Y KGIHKc
-+68(+3(B I HFI
Y
-+68+(<& YIc GHIG
E
-+68$T+. I YKIY
H
-)>d3$x4 I YKIY
c
-$2+ HIF HYIYY
K
W;4#Pa(X
:.1;2D=E*$F*
6.4.1. Sản phẩm trong quá trình để nguội chuyển pha
=+(3(B54<+.3(q4
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
W;.a(X
'(2gV;%$i+4/N+.$3‡#+(233(B53(N.#+W
'3€+(234)#>d3P28S3(%P‡+.I;4#Pa;.
5
'3€+(234)#>d3P28S3(%7t+I;4#Pa;.
5
W‹a;.
5
X
#'€+(23S+(23$
5
W‹a;.
5
X
9'(2gV3€P2
W37##I93(B59,+.Cc37#+.HgJ4(3(i3;i3(5+..14<+.+.(2QX
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 12
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
‹a;.
5
^IE;4#Pa;.
5
‹a;.
5
^IY;4#Pa;.
5
‹a;.
5
^IE;4#Pa;.
5
‹a;.
5
^IEY;4#Pa;.
5
(B5gJ4(3(i3;i3(<+..14<+.+.(2QCp,+.$o437/+.4)#4J4>d3P28
W37#+.HX_3#41P6b4J4gVP283=+(35J+
‹a;.
5
^IH;4#Pa;.
5
‹a;.
5
^IKG;4#Pa;.
5
‹a;.
5
^IF;4#Pa;.
5
‹a;.
5
^KIF;4#Pa;.
5
‹a;.
5
^IYG;4#Pa;.
5
'+(23$9#+$n84)#>d3P2837/04;(9t3$n8+.8_
5
'(23$g#8;(+.8W37/N+.(ZQ.0(A+P9Œ+.+(23$;(<+.;(=
375+.+(_
5
X
'(23$+1+.4(,b4)#>d3P28_W;4#Pa;.X
s
l+P- 7 ŠW;4#Pa(X
- +68
.#+.
EYIY IH IE YE YE HIH KKEHFIE
- +68
(+3(B
YIK IF IY H YE YI HGHIH
Y
- +68
+(<&
KIFc IF IE YH YE GHIEc EHYcIG
E
- +68
$T+.
EYIHY IKF IEY YE EYI YHIE
H
;4#Pa(
6.4.2. Sản phẩm trong quá trình để nguội không chuyển pha
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
'3€+(234)#>d3P28S37A+.3(J$#+.R|3I‹a;.
5
'+(23$9#+$n84)#>d3P2837/04;(9t3$n8+.8W
5
X
'+(23$g#8;(+.8WP6b9Œ+.+(23$;(<+.;(=375+.+(
5
'37L+.P/Z+.>d3P284(8b%+$i+375+.(W;.a(X
W;.a(X
H'P/Z+.+(l+P2837l+&
Y
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 13
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
'3(%3=4(4)#P-
'(2gV;%$i+4/N+.$3‡#+(233(B53(N.#+W
s
l+P-
W‹a;.
5
X
W;.a(X W
5
X W
5
X ŠW‹a(X
-)>d3
$x4
IY YE cH YE IY cHHYIc
-$2+ IY cH H YE IY YKcYI
Y ‹a(^FYFIG;4#Pa(
l?Ia3734.KI`5H37IkP[P80Sf3E4mg3>373O37no37>p.
W;4#Pa(X
:/1;>GH*
6.5.1 Tỏa nhiệt từ lò nấu gang
=4(3(/04P-'u^&&
^u^&&
u2+3=4(3(+(P-
pUjnb3(+(P-^$Jb^+14
pUjnb3(+(P-^IEH&j5+(23$P-•
5
W&
X
(23$P-'3^YE
5
(23$9l++.5P-'
5
(23$9U&o3375+.3(+(P-'
5
,3(i3+(23$9l++.53(+(P-'
5
#CJ4$"+(P/Z+.+(233‡#7#j53(+(P-
pUjb>(2gVjr++(234)#4J4P0Q>d3P283(+(P-
683A5'T&P0Q
[0Q'.A4($‡>.A4(g#&53&
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 14
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
W;4#Pa&(
5
X
[0Q'P0Q4J4(+(23j#35&3&
KW;4#Pa&(
5
X
W;4#Pa&
(
5
X
75+.$1
P'(2gV;=4(3(/04$o437/+.IQ(y3(84>5>"37=3(+(P-
$V>09U&o3$q+.'P^I
'(2gV9q4RAw8bj*+W;4#Pa&
(
E
X
W;4#Pa&
(
5
X
/Z+.+(233‡#7#37l+&
9U&o3+.54)#P-375+.(
W;4#Pa&
(X
W;(<+.;%gq44,+37#5$h+(239U&o3X
9CJ4$"+(P/Z+.+(233‡#7#Px4&S4f#P-
75+.&e.N4J+(4f#P-4(€&S7#Q(x3
/Z+.+(234)#4f#P-3‡#7#Px4&S$/Z43=+(3(B54<+.3(q4
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
'4/N+.$9q4RA
D03^YE
5
I37#9%8$TYCcW37#+.X
^•W;4#Pa&
(X
(L+4f#P-P4f#37-+W37l++14X'C(L+u^K&&
'j2+3=4(4J+(4f#'W&
X
'(2gV378bU++(23;(;%$i+(2+3/Z+.+(*8RA
W;4#Pa&(
5
XW37#$T3("37#+.X
_37#$T3("$/Z4
'9Ujb3(+(P-_W4&X
W;4#Pa&(
5
X
/8P/Z+.+(234f#P-3‡#7#375+.(
W;4#Pa(X
Ddb3h+.P/Z+.+(233‡#7#4)#P-+68.#+.
W;4#Pa(X
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 15
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
6.5.2 Tỏa nhiệt từ lò nấu nhôm
=4(3(/04P-'u^cH&&
^u^cH&&
u2+3=4(3(+(P-
pUjb3(+(P-^$Jb^+14
pUjnb3(+(P-^IEH&j5+(23$P-•
5
W&
X
(23$P-'
5
(23$9l++.5P-'
5
(23$9U&o3375+.3(+(P-'
5
,3(i3+(23$9l++.53(+(P-'
5
#CJ4$"+(P/Z+.+(233‡#7#j53(+(P-
pUjb>(2gVjr++(234)#4J4P0Q>d3P283(+(P-
683A5'.T&P0Q
[0Q'.A4($‡>.A4(g#&53&
W;4#Pa&(
5
X
[0Q'P0Q4J4(+(23j#35&39L3&
KW;4#Pa&(
5
X
W;4#Pa&
(
5
X
75+.$1
P'(2gV;=4(3(/04$o437/+.IQ(y3(84>5>"37=3(+(P-
$V>09U&o3$q+.'P^I
'(2gV9q4RAw8bj*+W;4#Pa&
(
E
X
W;4#Pa&
(
5
X
/Z+.+(233‡#7#37l+&
9U&o3+.54)#P-375+.(
W;4#Pa&
(X
W;(<+.;%gq44,+37#5$h+(239U&o3X
9CJ4$"+(P/Z+.+(233‡#7#Px4&S4f#P-
75+.&e.N4J+(4f#P-4(€&S7#Q(x3
/Z+.+(234)#4f#P-3‡#7#Px4&S$/Z43=+(3(B54<+.3(q4
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 16
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
'4/N+.$9q4RA
D03^YH
5
I37#9%8$TYCcW37#+.X
^•W;4#Pa&
(X
(L+4f#P-P4f#37-+W37l++14X'C(L+u^K&&
'j2+3=4(4J+(4f#'W&
X
'(2gV378bU++(23;(;%$i+(2+3/Z+.+(*8RA
W;4#Pa&(
5
XW37#$T3("37#+.X
_37#$T3("$/Z4
'9Ujb3(+(P-_W4&X
W;4#Pa&(
5
X
/8P/Z+.+(234f#P-3‡#7#375+.(
W;4#Pa(X
Ddb3h+.P/Z+.+(233‡#7#4)#P-+68.#+.
W;4#Pa(X
6.5.3. Lò nấu hàn the
=4(3(/04P-'u^H&&
^u^H&&
u2+3=4(3(+(P-
pUjb3(+(P-^$Jb^+14
pUjnb3(+(P-^IEH&j5+(23$P-•
5
W&
X
(23$P-'
5
(23$9l++.5P-'
5
(23$9U&o3375+.3(+(P-'
5
,3(i3+(23$9l++.53(+(P-'
5
#CJ4$"+(P/Z+.+(233‡#7#j53(+(P-
pUjb>(2gVjr++(234)#4J4P0Q>d3P283(+(P-
683A5'.T&P0Q
[0Q'.A4($‡>.A4(g#&53&
W;4#Pa&(
5
X
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 17
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
[0Q'P0Q4J4(+(23j#35&39L3&
KW;4#Pa&(
5
X
W;4#Pa&
(
5
X
75+.$1
P'(2gV;=4(3(/04$o437/+.IQ(y3(84>5>"37=3(+(P-
$V>09U&o3$q+.'P^I
'(2gV9q4RAw8bj*+W;4#Pa&
(
E
X
W;4#Pa&
(
5
X
/Z+.+(233‡#7#37l+&
9U&o3+.54)#P-375+.(
W;4#Pa&
(X
W;(<+.;%gq44,+37#5$h+(239U&o3X
9CJ4$"+(P/Z+.+(233‡#7#Px4&S4f#P-
75+.&e.N4J+(4f#P-4(€&S7#Q(x3
/Z+.+(234)#4f#P-3‡#7#Px4&S$/Z43=+(3(B54<+.3(q4
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
'4/N+.$9q4RA
D03^H
5
I37#9%8$TYCcW37#+.X
^•W;4#Pa&
(X
(L+4f#P-P4f#37-+W37l++14X'C(L+u^K&&
'j2+3=4(4J+(4f#'W&
X
'(2gV378bU++(23;(;%$i+(2+3/Z+.+(*8RA
W;4#Pa&(
5
XW37#$T3("37#+.X
_37#$T3("$/Z4
'9Ujb3(+(P-_W4&X
W;4#Pa&(
5
X
/8P/Z+.+(234f#P-3‡#7#375+.(
W;4#Pa(X
Ddb3h+.P/Z+.+(233‡#7#4)#P-+68.#+.
W;4#Pa(X
6.5.4. Lò nấu đồng
=4(3(/04P-'u^HH&&
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 18
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
^u^HH&&
u2+3=4(3(+(P-
pUjb3(+(P-^$Jb^+14
pUjnb3(+(P-^IEH&j5+(23$P-•
5
W&
X
(23$P-'
5
(23$9l++.5P-'
5
(23$9U&o3375+.3(+(P-'
5
,3(i3+(23$9l++.53(+(P-'
5
#CJ4$"+(P/Z+.+(233‡#7#j53(+(P-
pUjb>(2gVjr++(234)#4J4P0Q>d3P283(+(P-
683A5'.T&P0Q
[0Q'.A4($‡>.A4(g#&53&
W;4#Pa&(
5
X
[0Q'P0Q4J4(+(23j#35&39L3&
KW;4#Pa&(
5
X
W;4#Pa&
(
5
X
75+.$1
P'(2gV;=4(3(/04$o437/+.IQ(y3(84>5>"37=3(+(P-
$V>09U&o3$q+.'P^I
'(2gV9q4RAw8bj*+W;4#Pa&
(
E
X
W;4#Pa&
(
5
X
/Z+.+(233‡#7#37l+&
9U&o3+.54)#P-375+.(
W;4#Pa&
(X
W;(<+.;%gq44,+37#5$h+(239U&o3X
9CJ4$"+(P/Z+.+(233‡#7#Px4&S4f#P-
75+.&e.N4J+(4f#P-4(€&S7#Q(x3
/Z+.+(234)#4f#P-3‡#7#Px4&S$/Z43=+(3(B54<+.3(q4
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 19
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
'4/N+.$9q4RA
D03^
5
I37#9%8$TYCcW37#+.X
^•W;4#Pa&
(X
(L+4f#P-P4f#37-+W37l++14X'C(L+u^K&&
'j2+3=4(4J+(4f#'W&
X
'(2gV378bU++(23;(;%$i+(2+3/Z+.+(*8RA
W;4#Pa&(
5
XW37#$T3("37#+.X
_37#$T3("$/Z4
'9Ujb3(+(P-_W4&X
W;4#Pa&(
5
X
/8P/Z+.+(234f#P-3‡#7#375+.(
W;4#Pa(X
Ddb3h+.P/Z+.+(233‡#7#4)#P-+68.#+.
W;4#Pa(X
6.5.5. Lò điện
=4(3(/04P-'W&X
(23$4)#P-'
5
(23$9U&o3375+.3(+(P-'
5
'jl+3=4(4J+(4f#W4&
X^IFW&
X
u2+3=4(4)#P-
75+.$1
pUjb3(+(P-^+14P-^$JbP-^IEH&
W&
X
,3(i3+(23$9l++.53(+(P-'
5
#CJ4$"+(P/Z+.+(233‡#7#j53(+(P-
pUjb>(2gVjr++(234)#4J4P0Q>d3P283(+(P-
683A5'.T&P0Q
[0Q'3(+(P-jb&
W;4#Pa&(
5
X
[0Q'P0Q4J4(+(23j#35&39L3&
KW;4#Pa&(
5
X
J4$"+((2gV9q4RAŽ
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 20
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
W;4#Pa&
(
5
X
75+.$1
P'(2gV;=4(3(/04$o437/+.IQ(y3(84>5>"37=3(+(P-
$V>09U&o3$q+.'P^I
'(2gV9q4RAw8bj*+W;4#Pa&
(
E
X
W;4#Pa&
(
5
X
/Z+.+(233‡#7#37l+&
9U&o3+.54)#P-375+.(
W;4#Pa&
(X
W;(<+.;%gq44,+37#5$h+(239U&o3X
9CJ4$"+(P/Z+.+(233‡#7#j5+14P-I$JbP-
V>09U&o3+.#+.375+.4<+.3(q43=+(35J+(2gV37#5$h+(23Ž_P6b(2
gVP^IF
,gf+(23$&o3+.54)#+14>$JbP-P
5
W;4#Pa&
(
5
X
W&
X
W;4#Pa(X
4CJ4$"+(P/Z+.+(233‡#7#Px4&S4f#P-
75+.&e.N4J+(4f#P-4(€&S7#Q(x3
/Z+.+(234)#4f#P-3‡#7#Px4&S$/Z43=+(3(B54<+.3(q4
W;4#Pa(X
75+.$1
'4/N+.$9q4RA
D03^H
5
I37#9%8$TYCcW37#+.X
^•W;4#Pa&
(X
'j2+3=4(4J+(4f#'W&
X
'(2gV378bU++(23;(;%$i+(2+3/Z+.+(*8RA
W;4#Pa&(
5
XW37#$T3("37#+.X
_37#$T3("$/Z4
_37#$T3("$/Z4
'9Ujb3(+(P-_W4&X
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 21
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
W;4#Pa&(
5
X
/8P/Z+.+(234f#P-3‡#7#375+.(
W;4#Pa(X
Ddb3h+.P/Z+.+(233‡#7#4)#P-$l+
W;4#Pa(X
6.5.6. Lò ủ vật đúc
D:+(23$P&>244)#P-)>d3$x4PcH
5
+l+3#3=+(+(233‡#7#j5P-)>d3
$x43(B54<+.3(q4
75+.$1
'(2gV378bU++(23
i34684)#3(+(P-.T&YP0Q
[0Q'P0Q>\#
W&&X_W;4#Pa&
(
5
X
[0Q'.A4(ROb
W&&X_W;4#Pa&
(
5
X
[0Q'P0Q>\#
W&&X_W;4#Pa&
(
5
X
v'j2+3=4(P-C=4(3(/04P-P
W&
X
'+(23$P&>244)#P-C
5
'+(23$R8+.w8#+(P-W+(23$375+.R/S+.X_
5
Ddb
W;4#Pa(X
W;4#Pa(X
Ddb3h+.P/Z+.+(233‡#4)#Q(O+R/S+.
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 22
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
W;4#Pa(X
f37Ia37VWI34.KII4qP
/Z+.+(233(•#375+.Q(O+R/S+.$/Z43=+(3(B54<+.3(q4g#8
W;4#Pa(X
?#
W;4#Pa(X
W;4#Pa(X
W;4#Pa(X
W;4#Pa(X
@ EcccIF HKYEIG cEIEc EKcFKIYYc
r=;344sI:F:Xp
J4>"37=4n+(x34y49P'&Jb&$JIP-+68(+3(BIP-+68$T+.IP-+68
+(<&IP-+68.#+.IP-)>d3$x4IP-$2+I3#+.w8#bC
IJ?G"*G"4KC53"#K
pyg+(7#4()bi8Pj54J4&Jb+l+3#414<+.3(q43=+(P/8P/Z+.9y4)#
4J4&Jb
[Jb&$J
W&
Y
a(X
75+.$1
'P/8P/Z+.(x3W&
Y
a(X
u'$/N+.;=+(4)#$J&
+'gVP/Z+.&Jb&
W&
Y
a(X
[#+.w8#b
W&
Y
a(X
75+.$1
u'$/M+.;=+(4)#3#+.w8#b
W&
Y
a(X
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 23
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
I1C=KB*L;
J43(i39"3‡#+(23375+.Q(O+R/S+.9#5.T&'4J4P-3‡#+(23.Ob7#Cu5
Q(O+R/S+.PQ(O+R/S+.4<+.+.(2Q+l+3#4(5+4(U84#53•+U+$i+&2+.
4(yQ(x34#5(M+$n8+./N$%32+4(53(#53J44)#4<+.+(O+375+.;(P&>24C
Ddb3#4(L+4(U84#53•+U+$i+&2+.(x39Œ+.IF&4(535+9Q(O+R/S+.C
7.2.1. Lò nấu gang
(5,+.4J4(3•4(O+P-$i+&2+.4(yQ(x33(/N+.414(U84#5P0+4(U84#5
4)#+./N4<+.+(O+P&>24>3(/N+.P6b3•&C#4(L+IF&C
(5,+.4J4(3•&2+.4(yQ(x3$i+&2+.4)#+.8T+3‡#'
W&X
(23$9U&o3+.8T++(23'
5
41W;.a&
Y
X
(23$;(<+.;(=R8+.w8#+(
5
41W;.a&
Y
X
/8P/Z+.4)#4(yQ(x3$/Z4RJ4$"+(3(B54<+.3(q4
75+.$1
'P/8P/Z+.;(<+.;(=3A53(+(37l++.8T++(2337-+IW&
Y
a(X
'j2+3=4(4)#&2+.4(yQW&
X_W&
X
'j2+3=4(4)#+.8T+3‡#+(23W&
X_W&
X
W;(5,+.4J4(.\#&|Q+.8T++(23>&|Q4)#4(yQP3•IƒIY&X
#41'(^IF&
v^YIEc&
#3(6b+l+$/Z4RJ4$"+(3(B54<+.3(q4
75+.$1
Š'P/Z+.+(233‡#7#_W+(233‡#7#Px4&S4f#P-XC
Š^YGcIY;4#Pa(^IYFF;4#Pag
v'j2+3=4(+.8T+3‡#+(23W&
X
('4(U84#53•&|Qj/04)#4(yQ$i++.8T+3‡#;(=W&X
W&
Y
agX^EHW&
Y
a(X
W&
Y
a(X
/8P/Z+.;(<+.;(=R8+.w8#+((x3>54(yQ
W&
Y
a(X
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 24
Đ n x l kh thi GVHD: Nguyn Đc Lưng
(23$;(<+.;(=(e+(ZQ3A&2+.4(yQ(x3
W;.a(X
W;.a(X
5
•F
5
Ddb3#4(L+Q(/M+.J+(x33k+(l+
7.2.2. Lò nấu nhôm
(5,+.4J4(3•4(O+P-$i+&2+.4(yQ(x33(/N+.414(U84#5P0+4(U84#5
4)#+./N4<+.+(O+P&>24>3(/N+.P6b3•&C#4(L+IF&C
(5,+.4J4(3•&2+.4(yQ(x3$i+&2+.4)#+.8T+3‡#'
W&X
(23$9U&o3+.8T++(23'
5
41W;.a&
Y
X
(23$;(<+.;(=R8+.w8#+(
5
41W;.a&
Y
X
/8P/Z+.4)#4(yQ(x3$/Z4RJ4$"+(3(B54<+.3(q4
75+.$1
'P/8P/Z+.;(<+.;(=3A53(+(37l++.8T++(2337-+IW&
Y
a(X
'j2+3=4(4)#&2+.4(yQW&
X_W&
X
'j2+3=4(4)#+.8T+3‡#+(23W&
X_W&
X
W;(5,+.4J4(.\#&|Q+.8T++(23>&|Q4)#4(yQP3•IƒIY&X
#41'(^IF&
v^IYY&
#3(6b+l+$/Z4RJ4$"+(3(B54<+.3(q4
75+.$1
Š'P/Z+.+(233‡#7#_W+(233‡#7#Px4&S4f#P-XC
Š^YGcIY;4#Pa(^IYFF;4#Pag
v'j2+3=4(+.8T+3‡#+(23W&
X
('4(U84#53•&|Qj/04)#4(yQ$i++.8T+3‡#;(=W&X
W&
Y
agX^EYW&
Y
a(X
W&
Y
a(X
/8P/Z+.;(<+.;(=R8+.w8#+((x3>54(yQ
Nguyn Anh Tu!n – CM14 25