RELATIVE CLAUSE MỆNH đề QUAN hệ)

1

RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)
ĐỊNH NGHĨA:

I.

là MỆNH ĐỀ TÍNH NGỮ , hình thức là một MỆNH ĐỀ ( S+ V…), chức năng như một ADJ,
bổ nghĩa cho Noun đứng trước R.C ( RELATIVE CLAUSE)
 The woman who is sitting next to my friend
 Movies that have happy endings
II.

ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ :

ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ ( RELATIVE PRONOUN )
that/ who/ whom/ which/ whose+N

Đại từ là những từ thay thế cho Noun trong R.C
 Làm S/O

1. WHO

 Làm S/O trong R.C, thay thế N chỉ người

N(person) WHO + V …
N(person) WHO + S+ V….

Ex:
•

2. WHOM

I really like the woman who(s’) lives (v’) next to my
house
• The girl who(o’) you(s) like(v) has a boyfriend
 Làm O trong R.C, thay noun chỉ người

N(person) WHOM + S+ V….
3. WHICH

N(thing) WHICH + V …
N(thing) WHICH + S+ V….
****NOTE:
Trường hợp đặc biệt, R.C bắt đầu bằng which có
thể bổ nghĩa cho cả câu phía trước
He passed the exam, which makes me surprised
= He passed the exam and this makes me
surprised
4. THAT
N(thing/person) THAT + V …
N(thing/person) THAT+ S+ V….
5. WHOSE + N
N(thing/person) {WHOSE+N} + V …
N(thing/person) {WHOSE +N}+ S+ V….

The girl whom(o’) you(s) like(v) has a boyfriend
 Làm S/O, thay N chỉ vật
•

The machine which broke down yesterday is working

again now

•

The machine which my father bought yesterday is
working well

 Làm S/O, thay cho N chỉ người/ vật, chỉ dùng trong

Defining R.C (mệnh đề xác định)
 THAY THẾ CHO TÍNH TỪ SỬ HỮU (MY/HER/THEIR/

OUR/ YOUR/ ITS/ OF/ ‘S…)
• I have just met a person whose brother I study the
same class as


2
III.

RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)
TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ

TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ
( relative ADVERB)
1. WHEN = IN/ON/AT ..+WHICH

Thay thế cho ADV  làm ADV trong R.C
 Thay thế cho ADV_TIME

Prep (in/ on/ at..) + N(time)  adv_time
N(time) + WHEN +S + V….

Ex: In September; On that day; at that time ….
I always remember the day. I met my husband on that day( adv_time
)
 I always remember the day when I met my husband

2. WHERE = IN/ON/AT ..+WHICH

 Thay thế cho ADv chỉ nơi chôn

Prep _ N(nơi chốn ) adv_place
N(PLACE) + WHERE +S + V….

Ex: here, there, at home, in Vietnam, in Da Nang City
Da Nang is a worth-living city. I was born in Da Nang (adv_place)
 Da Nang, where I was born, is a worth-living city

3. WHY= FOR WHICH

The reason WHY S +V…

IV.

I want to know the reason. You don’t talk to him for that reason
 I want to know the reason why you don’t talk to him

PHÂN LOẠI:

1. Defining R.C ( mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)

là R.C dùng để xác định cho N, nếu k có R.C thì N
k tồn tại
***NOTE:
 K dùng ’,’ trong defining R.C
 Có thể dùng “ that” thay thế cho “
who/whom/which” trong defining R.C
2. Non_defining R.C ( mệnh đề quan hệ k xác
định)
là R.C chỉ bổ sung thêm thông tin cho N đứng
trước nó, có hay k R.C thì N vẫn tồn tại
***NOTE:
 Phải có” ,” trong Non_defining R.C
 That k được sử dụng trong non_defining R.C

•
•
•

{People who we visited yesterday } were very nice
I like { movies that have happy endings}
{The man who you met yesterday)} is my teacher

•

Mr. Tom, who is now teaching English, has written a
novel
Alan, whose father lives in USA now, is an engineer

•


3

RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)

*****NOTE:
1. Nếu trong R.C có giới từ đứng cuối thì có thể đưa giới từ ra trước “ Đại từ quan hệ” – whom/ which
Ex:
Mr.Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year
 Mr.Brown, who/whom we studies with last year, is a nice teacher
 Mr.Brown, with whom we studies last year, is a nice teacher
2. Giới từ k được đứng trước đại từ quan hệ who/that
Mr.Brown, with who we studies last year, is a nice teacher
3. Khi các đại từ quan hệ “ who/whom/which/ that” là O trong R.C, chúng ta có thể giản lược chúng đi
The girl who/ whom/that you met yesterday is my close friend
= The girl you met yesterday is my close friend
4. Có thể sử các cụm từ chỉ lượng như là: some of …/ both of../all of…/ a lot of …/ many of …/ none of
…/ any of …./most of …+ whom/which/whose+N
Ex:
I have two sisters. Both are doctors
 I have two sisters both of whom are doctors
He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them
 He asked me a lot of questions most of which I couldn’t answer

***CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP BẮT BUỘC PHẢI DÙNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ “THAT”
1. Khi N cần thay thế là tổ hợp gồm cả người và vật
Ex:
I can see a girl and her dog. They are running in the park

 I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park
The police are looking for the man and his car. They have just gone missing mysteriously
 The police are looking for the man and his car that have just gone missing mysteriously
2. Khi N cần thay thế có chứa so sánh nhất
She is the nicest woman that I have ever seen
This is the most beautiful dress that I have
3. Khi N cần thay thế có chứa số thứ tự: the first/ the second/ the third/ the only/ the last …+N
He is the first person that comes to class
You are the only person that can help us
4. Khi R.C bổ nghĩa cho các đại từ bất định : everything/everyone/ something/someone/ anything/anyone/
nothing/no one/ all/little/much/none …
I will tell you something that is very interesting
I said all that I want to say
5. It + be+ N + that ….: chính là ….
It is my best friend that gave me this present
It is the book that I want to look for
V.
REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSE ( RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)


4

RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)

1. Sử dụng PARTICIPLES ( phân từ)
 Present participles (hiện tại phân từ)  Ving
 Past participles (quá khứ phân từ)  V3

o

Nếu Verb trong R.C có nghĩa chủ động chúng ta dùng Hiện
tại phân từ : “Ving”

Ex:
The man who is talking (V chủ động) to the teacher is my father
 The man talking to the teacher is my father
The woman who teaches English at his school is Ms. Smith
 The woman teaching English at his school is Ms. Smith
Students that didn’t take the test on Monday will have a chance
to retake it next Friday
 Students not taking the test on Monday will have a chance
to retake it next Friday
***Note:
1. Nếu sau khi rút gọn mà động từ trở thành “being” thì
chúng ta có thể lược bỏ being luôn
Ex:
the man who was in charge of this department has just resigned
 the man being in charge of this department has just
resigned
 the man in charge of this department has just resigned
her husband, who is a famous actor, used to be a teacher
 her husband, a famous actor, used to be a teacher
2. Nếu sau khi rút gọn xong mà động từ trở thành “having”
thì chúng ta đổi thành “with” ; cịn “not having” thì đổi thành
“without”
Ex:
Employees who have a Toeic Certificate will be given a raise
 Employees having a Toeic Certificate will be given a raise
 Employees with a Toeic Certificate will be given a raise
o

Nếu Verb trong R.C có nghĩa bị động chúng ta dùng quá khứ
phân từ- “V3”

Ex:
Some of the phones which were sold last month are broken
 Some of the phones sold last month are broken
The man who was interviewed before me got hired
 the man interviewed before me got hired
2. Rút gọn bằng “to inf”

o

N đứng trước R.C có chứa so sánh nhất/ số thứ tự…

he is the most famous footballer who has played on this ground
 he is the most famous footballer to play on this ground
if he wins this match, he will become the first tennis player that


5

RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)
wins the championship
 if he wins this match, he will become the first tennis player to
win the championship
o khi mệnh đề có dạng: S + have/has/had +N + R.C …thì cũng
dùng to inf
he has some pictures that he wants to buy


he has some pictures to buy
we have some books that children can read

we have some books for children to read

PHẦN LUYỆN TẬP:
I.

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes the sentence.

1. The company __________employs five hundred people makes video recorders.
A. who

B. whom

C. that D. whose

2. The students_________ for the train are good ones.
A. waited

B. waiting

C. which I waiting

D. to wait

3. The work ________ increases alot when the boss is away is always interesting.
A. which

B. whose

C. that

D.A&C

4. This Is the seventh person ______________ late.
A. coming

B. to come

C. come

D. comes

5. I was introduced to the man_________ brother If my teacher.
A. which

B. whose

C. that

D. whom

6. The United States consists of fifty states, _________ has its own government.
A. they each B. each of which

C. which

D. each of that

7. The children___________ are playing in the yard are Mr. Brown's nephews.
A. whom

B. which

C. that

D. who

8. Animals___________ plants are called herbivores.
A. eating

B. that eats

C. ate

D. A & B

9. The concert __________I listened last weekend was boring.
A. to which

B. to that

C. about which

D for which

10. We'd like to travel to a city there is a lot of sightseeing.
A. which

B. when

C. where

D. that


6

RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)

11. The authority gathered those villagersthey explained the importance of forests.
A. that B. whom

C. to whom

D. to that

12. My boss________ work takes him to a lot of different countries, has decided he needs an
assistant In London.
A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. whose

13. My classmates dislike postcards___________ show rough sea and cloudy sky.
A. who B. which

C. where

D. when

14. Hoa and her dog____________ are standing over there go to the park every day.
A. that B. who

C. whom

D. which

15. We are not happy with the plans ____________the architect showed us for our new house.
A. that B. in that

C. in which

D. who

16. Colin told me about his new job, ___________ very much.
A. that he's enjoying B. he's enjoying
C. which he's enjoying

D. he's enjoying it

17. That book was written by a famous anthropologist. It's about the people in Samoa ______ for
two years.
A. that she lived
C. among whom she lived

B. that she lived among them
D. where she lived among them

18. Earl was one of the first American artists_________ landscapes.
A. paint

B. painted

C. for painting

D. to paint

19. The ring________ is made of gold and diamond.
A. she is wearing it

B. he gave it to her

C. Linda like

D. she is wearing

20. The problems_________ they are discussing at the meeting are very important. A. O
B. who
C. where
D. whom
21. The house__________ is situated in the city center.
A. which
C. in where we live

B. we have just bought

D. which we live

22. The film about_________they are talking is fantastic.


7

RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)

A. who B. which

C. whom

D.that

23. That's the woman to ________Jim used to be married.
A. who

B. whom

C. which

D. that

24.1 have a message for people __________by the traffic chaos.
A. to delay

B. who delay C. delayed

D. delaying

25.1 talked to a woman_________ car had broken down on the way to the party.
A. which

B. who

C. whose

D. whom

26. Tell me the reason __________you were absent yesterday.
A. where

B. when

C. why D. that

27. 1 met a lot of people at the party __________ name I can’t remember.
A. whose

B. which

C. who D. whom

28. The pilot was the only man_________ after the crash.
A. was rescued

B. rescued

C. rescuing

D. to be rescued

29. The girl ______design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive the award.
A. whose

B. whom

C. that D. which

30. She won six gold medals in the tournament, _________made us feel so proud of her.
A. that B. which

C. who

D. whose

31.Would the person _________muddy jogging clothes were found in the staff shower room
please claim them at the lost and found office?
A.who B.that C.whose

D.which

32.The company has hired a consultant for _______ who is in need of help with his personal
problems.
A.anyone

B.them

C.one D.those

33.The president, ______________comments in a press conference last week aroused
considerable criticism ,will again address the media today.
A.who B.that C.whose

D.what

34.Marketing is a profession _________ has always interested me.
A.which

B.who C.in which

D.whose

35.Unfortunately, several patients at the hospital have been struck by a disease for________
there is no known cure.


8

RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)

A.while

B.whose

C.which

D.that

36.Our new department head was among the first Americans of Asian origin _________ from
Harvard University.
A.graduate

B.graduated

C.to graduate D.who has graduated

37.Our research department has recently developed a new computer system ______ to guide the
production robots in the factory.
A.using

B.that use

C.used

D.which are used

38.John always donates some money to local charities every month, ______ he feels is a good
deed.
A.because

B.so

C.who D.which

39.________ with competition from the glass and plastic industries, aluminum can
manufacturers are currently working on developing new shapes and features for their products.
A.face B.faced

C.facing

D.having faced

40.__________experienced significant growth in Western Europe, the company is planning to
expand operations in Eastern Europe.
A.to have

B.have

C.had

D.having

II. Defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clause:
1. My friend lives next to my house. He shows a great talent for art

My friend………………………………………………………..
2. Only people have good command of French. They will be invited to the interview

Only people ……………………………………………………
3. I was born in a town. It lies along the coast

I was born in a town ………………………………………………
4. This is a photo of my hometown. It lies along the coast

This is a photo of my hometown……………………………
5. The Mekong river flows through the South of the country. It is a great source of seafood

The Mekong river…………………………………………………………

6. Children are fond of swimming. They should join the local swimming club

Children ………………………………………………………………..
7. My children are keen on swimming. They often ask me to take them to the beach


9

RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)

My children…………………………………………………………………
8. The police haven’t known the identity of the man. He was killed in the fight

The man whose …………………………………………………………….
9. Tom was killed in the fight. He was a well-known reporter

Tom………………………………………………………………………
10. The girl is waiting in the hall. I was telling you about her

The girl …………………………………………………………………
III. Relative adverbs: WHEN/ WHERE/WHY
1. There was a time. Dinosaurs dominated the earth then

There was a time ………………………………………………………
2. I don't know the reason. You didn't go to school for that reason

I don't know the reason ……………………………………………….
3. Our company's peak season is during the months of April and May. Sales is the highest then

Our company's peak season ………………………………………………….

4. Ms.Dicaprio likes to go for a walk in the park. a fountain was recently installed there

Ms.Dicaprio likes to go for a walk in the park ……………………………..
5. Uma's Hair Salon is opened until 6:00 every day except Friday. Uma's Hair Salon closes at

5:30 on Friday ( when)/ (which)
Uma's Hair Salon is opened until 6:00 every day except Friday
……………………………………………………………………………
6. Donald Peterson asked somebody in our audio- visual office to set up a DVD player in the

room. Ms.Catherine Robs will give her presentation in this room
Donald Peterson asked somebody in our audio- visual office to set up a DVD player in the room
…………………………………………….
7. To show that we sincerely appreciate your help, we made a reservation for you at a famous

Italian restaurant. you can enjoy a variety of delicious Italian cuisines at this restaurant
To show that we sincerely appreciate your help, we made a reservation for you at a famous
Italian restaurant ………………………………………..
8. I don’t know the time. She will come back then

I don’t know the time …………………………………………….
9. That was the day. I met my wife on this day


10

RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)

That was the day …………………………………………………….
10. He didn’t know the reason. His wife was angry for that reason

He didn’t know the reason ……………………………………….
IV. Relative pronouns with prepositions
1. The girl is John’s sister. I introduced you to her

The girl to whom …………………………………………………….
2. The shop is closed. I bought the shoes from it
The shop from which …………………………………………………….
3. My English teacher is Mr. Tam. I had great respect for him
My English teacher, for ……………………………………………..
4. He gave me a lot of advice. Much of them was very useful

He gave me a lot of advice ………………………………………………..
5. The man is a good friend of mine. I borrowed the money from him

The man ……………………………………………………………….
6. The school has been given 50 computers. Half of them are new brand

The school has been given 50 computers ……………………………..
7. Lan’s party is next Sunday evening. We are all invited to her party

Lan’s party, ……………………………………………………………..
We are all invited to Lan’s party, which is next Sunday evening
8. They have changed the date. The furniture is to be delivered on that date
They have changed the date …………………………………………………
9. A number of my friends will be at the party. You’ve met some of them before
A number of my friends, ………………………………………………
10. Mrs. Jason apologized for the mistake. We complained to her
Mrs. Jason, ……………………………………………………………..
V. Relative clauses replaced by participles or to_infinitive

1. All the roads that led to the club is insured

All the roads……………………………………………………….
2. A ship which was sailing from Canada to Europe nearly hit a huge iceberg
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. A lighthouse which is situated on a small island attracts a lot of tourists
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. A new international airport which is planned will cost 20 billion dollars
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. A chemical company that employed 4000 people has gone bankrupt
A chemical company ………………………………………………………….
6. The bridge which has been declared unsafe was built only 2 years ago
………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Who was the first person who left the office yesterday?
Who was ……………………………………………………………………..
8. I have some letters that I must write


11

RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)

………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. We didn’t have anything that we could open a bottle of wine with
………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. She ‘s always the first one who comes and the last one who goes
………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. Your son was the second child who was kidnapped in this way
………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. He was the oldest person to climb the mountain

………………………………………………………………………………………..
13. Do you have the wallet in which you can keep your money?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
14. My mother was the only person who discovered her secret
………………………………………………………………………………
15. Students have nothing that they could sit on
………………………………………………………………………………………..
VI. Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one
1. The exhibition was not very interesting. My friend took me to see it
The exhibition my friend …………………………………………………………………….
2. His latest movie has been a great success. It was well reviewed by the critics.

His latest movie, ………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Fossil fuel produce energy, but it is not renewable

Energy coming …………………………………………………………………………………….
4. The heat from the earth can create energy, but it is only available in a few places

The energy created …………………………………………………………………………….
5. David told me to return this bike this evening. I borrowed this bike from him

David, from …………………………………………………………………………………….
6. You gave me a very useful present

The present ……………………………………………………………………………..
7. The Vietnamese athletes took part in this event and played with great enthusiasm

The Vietnamese athletes taking …………………………………………………..
8. They have just bought the expensive house

The house ………………………………………………………………………………
9. She was adopted by the rich family

The family ………………………………………………………………………….
10. My child likes to play interesting games


12

RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)

The games ……………………………………………………………………………….
VII. Viết lại câu với nghĩa không thay đổi
1. The fishermen and their boats were off the coast three days ago. They have just been reported

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.


10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.


to be missing
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Birds make nests in trees. They can hide their young in nests
……………………………………………………………………………. ( where)
Mr. Tam lives next door and is very kind to my family
Mr Tam, living …………………………………………………………………………
The number of extinct animal species has increased
The number of animal species ……………………………………………………
The police have just found the stolen car
The police ………………………………………………………………… ( which)
Higher education is very important to economy, because it is a source of educated personnel
Higher education ……………………………………………………………………
The company has just found potential investors for its project
Investors………………………………………………………………………………
They held a big party to congratulate on their son’s success
The party ……………………………………………………………………………

He lent me the book, I really needed it
The book…………………………………………………………………………
( kết hợp bị động và mệnh đề quan hệ)
They interviewed the qualified man, he was my old colleague
The qualified man interviewed ………………………………………………………
(( kết hợp bị động và mệnh đề quan hệ + rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ))
I am very interested in the book you lent me last week
……………………………………………………………………………… (interest )
All students study at Cambridge University, they must have competence in English
All students admitted …………………………………………………………………
( kết hợp từ vựng, và rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ)
There are some requirements for people who want to become a pharmacist
People who want…………………………………………………………… ( meet )
(kết hợp từ vựng và mệnh đề quan hệ)
Students like to take part in courses. They provides students with many necessary skills
Students like to take part in courses which ………………………………… ( equip)
Students find a part time job because they need extra money
Student needing ………………………………………………………………………