Trương Hán Siêu ppt

F^
Ji
vb^
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HQI
VAN
HQC
NGHE THUAT NINH BINH - 200
"
TriJcfng
Han Sieu
trxidc
he't la mot danh
nhan noi tie'ng bac
nhat
ciia
manh da't
Triicrng
Yen - Ninh
Binh. Khoi
ggi
lai
sU
nghiep
TriJang
Han
Sieu
cOng
de nhim
noi len rang, truyen
thong van hoa

ciia
Ninh Binh khdng
phai gan day
mcfi
co
ma da bieu hien
riic
ra
tiT
nghin
xUa,
vcJi
nhiing
nhan vat tam
ca
nhiTcon ngUcri
nay".
(GS:
Nguygn
Hue Chi
- Tap chi Vdn hoc -
so 4-1994)
TRlJdNG
HAN SIEU
DUC THUY
SdN
Sach in ky
ni^m
650 nam,
nam

Trvi'cifng
Han Sieu mat
(1354 - 2004)
1-
t
V-
5-
••'>•''
TRl/dNG
HAN SIEU
DUC THUY SdN
TAI BAN LAN
THlT
NHAT
(Co
sufa chvta
va
z
i
<W'-S
>-^
T
>
1
^ ^
?c
i
1
J
bo sung)

o
^^^
=>^
^
HOI VAN HOC NGHE THUAT NINH BINH - 2004

- TRUONG HAN SIEU LA ONG QUAN
VAN
HOC,
VUOT HAN MOI
NGUOI
(S^f
than Ngo
Si
Lien-the ky XV)
- ONG (TRUONG HAN SIEU) LA
NGUOI
UONG BUONG.
VAN
CHUONG CHINH SU DEU
GIOI.
(Phan Huy Chu (1782-1840))
- MAY TRAM
NAM
VE
TRUOC CO
MOT
TAC
GIA (TRUONG HAN SIEU).
MAY TRAM NAM

SAU
CHANG CO AI HON.
(Bang nhan Vu Duy Thanh (1807-1859))
- (TRUONG HAN SIEU)
RUC
RO
LOI
LAC
GIUA
DAT
TROI
- NHA TRAN DEN
THOI
THIEU PHONG (1341-1357),
CAC
BAG CO LAO
CUU THAN CON LAI THUA THOT NHU LA
MUA THU, NHU
SAO
BUOI
SOM. TIEN SINH
(TRUONG HAN SIEU) LUC AY LA
NGUOI
NOI
BAT SUNG SUNG
DU(3C
MOI
NGUOI
KY
VONG.

(Cvi
nhan Vu Pham Khai (1807-1872))
- TRUONG YEN (PHU TRUONG YEN) LA
NOI DO HOI VAN VAT DAU TIEN vA PHUC
THANH
(CHI TRUONG HAN SIEU) LA
THAI
SON
(NUI THAI SON), BAG DAU (SAO BAC
DAU) CUA
RUNG
NHO
(NHO GIAO).
(Ciir
nhan
Nguyin
Tiif
Man (1816-1901))
- SIEU (TRUONG HAN SIEU) LA MOT
NGUOI
KIEN CUONG
KHONG
CHIU KHUAT
PHUC, CO VAN CHUONG CHINH SU, CO
NHIEU CONG GIUP
DAN.
(Cu
nhan Nguyin
Tuf
Man)

- TRUONG
HAN
SIEU LA MOT DANH NHAN
VAN HOA,
MOT
NHA VAN LON
DOI
TRAN
CO TAM VOC DAT NUOC-LA NHA VAN
HANG
DAU.
(Giao
sU
Nguyen Hue Chi -
Tap
chi vdn hgc - so' 4-1994).
- TRUONG HAN
SIEU
LA MOT DANH NHAN
VAN
HOA
CUA
DAT NUOC, CUNG LA
NGUOI
DA
CO CONG LON
DOI VOI
MANH
DAT NINH
BINH QUE HUONG ONG,

6
CH6
TU
RAT
SOM
ONG DA PHAT
HIEN,
NGOI
CA NUI NON
NUOC
(DUC THUY SON),
LAM
CHO NO
TR6
THANH
BAT
TU,
DUNG
NHU MOT
CAU
THO
CUA
NGUYfiN
DU "THI THANH THAO THU
GIAI THIEN CO" (CAU THO LAM XONG THI
CAY CO DEU TRd NEN BAT
Tlf).
VI VAY,
NGOAl
VI TRI HIEN NHIEN CUA ONG TRONG

VAN HOC
sU
VA VAN HOA
sU
DAN
TOC, DIA
PHUONG TINH NHA NEN
XAY
TU(3NG
CUA
TRUONG HAN SIEU
6
HON NUI DANH
TIENG
NAY".
(Giao
sir
NguySn
Hue Chi -
Thu
gijfi
La Dang Bat
ngay 22 thang 6 nam 1992).
Uy
vicii
Ban chdp hanh Trung
Ucmg
Bdng, Bi
thii
Tinh

iiy
Ninh Binh Pham Minh Tuyen ddng
hiicmg
tai den
Truong Thdng
Phil.
Anh:
THANH BINH
H6I
THAO
VE
NHA
VAN
TRUONG
HAN
SIEU
i
v^
Pwx
Cdc GS, cdn bg nghien
cihi
thugc Vien Vdn hgc vd
nhUng
gido vien day vdn d
tricang
THPT
Lucmg
Vdn Tuy. (9-3-1994)
Anh:
Tu

lieu
Nghenh phong cdc tren dinh
Due
Thuy san
Anh:
DAOMINHTlft'N
Hdu
Cung den Cao Dd (Rd Nam) tha Truang Hdn Sieu.
Anh:
Tir
lieu
GS
Nguyen
Bang Manh ddng
hUcmg
tai den
Trumg
Thang
Phu
(Nmh
Binh)
Anh:
Tu
lieu
Tc
Id o den
Tii Xd
(Hdi
Duong) thd TrUong Hdn Sieu
Anh:

Tif
lieu
Tdc gid ddng huong tai den Truong Thdng Phu trong ngdy
cdt bdng khanh thanh (15-11-2000)
;
,
.„
,.,
'^
An/i:
!
ir lieii
LCfl
NOI DAU
La mot thay giao day van
d trifdng
trung hoc
pho thong, toi da day rat nhieu lan bai Bach Bang
giangphil ciia
Trirang Han Sieu trong
chiTong
trinh
van hoc
Idp
10.
Tru'ong
Han Sieu lai la ngu'di Ninh
Binh, nen toi rat t\i hao, tran trong va kinh yeu
dng.
Ngay

tCr
khi tai lap tinh Ninh
Binh
nam 1992,
day van d Tru'dng trung hoc pho thong
Lucfng
Van
Tuy, thi xa Ninh Binh, toi da budc dau nghien
cxiu,
suXi
tam cac
ttf
lieu cd lien quan den
Trifong
Han
Sieu.
Sach viet ve
TriTOng
Han Sieu qua it. Dgi Viet
siC
ky todn thu, tap 2, ghi ve than the va s\i nghiep
cua dng cung khdng nhieu.
Tdi da bien
thi/hdi
Ban Van hoc cd can dai Viet
Nam
thude
Vien Van hoc ve
sy
danh gia Trirang

Han Sieu trong van hoc thdi Tran. Ngay 22 thang
6 nam 1992, tdi da nhan
dirge thir
tra ldi cua Tnrdng
ban Van hoc cd can dai Viet Nam-Gs. Nguyen Hue
Chi viet:
Ve Trdn Hung Dao vdi "Hick
tUdng
sy" nhU
thudng
ggi,
xet trong dong vdn hoc yeu
niCdc
ong
cung
Id
mot trong
nhitng
tdc gid tieu bieu nhat,
nhung rat tiec sdng tdc
cila
ong
chi
co the, nen cho
du ong
CO
cong lan trong viec danh giac giii nUdc
vd
CO
dong gdp rieng

cila
minh vao van hgc, vdn
khong the vi the md xep ong len tren mot
TrUang
Hdn Sieu nhd vdn.
Ngay 23 thang 10 nam 1993, trong
thir gijfi
cho
tdi,
Gs. Nguyen Hue Chi
da
khich le:
Toi rat vui vi anh qua
Id
mot thdy gido co tdm
Idng
gan bo vdi que huang vd danh nhdn
cila
que
huang.
Vi vay, de'n ngay 9 thang 3 nam 1994, nhan ky
niem 640 nam Trirang Han Sieu mat,
TriTdng
trung
hoc
phd
thdng
LiTOng
Van Tuy da td
chufc dirge

Hdi
thao khoa hgc ve nha van
Tri/ang
Han Sieu'".
Hdi thao da thanh cdng tdt dep. Tong ke't hgi
thao,
Gs. Nguyen Hue Chi danh gia:
- Cong viec day nhiet tinh
cila
cdc anh chi md toi
mudn xem
nhu Id
mot trdc nghiem tien phong trong
viec dUa nghien
cihi
khoa hgc ve vdi ca so thUc
tien.
Id
mot viec co y nghia, chdc se gay niem hao
hdng khong nho cho hoat dgng lien ket
giita
trUdng
(1) Xem bai Hoi thao khoa hoc ve nha van
TrUting
Han
Sieu cua Pham Ngoc Lan d phan Phu luc.
10
pho thong vd cdc ca quan khoa hgc tu nhien cung
nhu xd hgi trong nay mai.
- Trong ldi de ddn md ddu hgi thao, nhd gido Ld

Ddng Bat dd phac hga nhiing net chinh yeu nhdt-
c6 le Cling khd long them bdt-ve tieu
siC cila
Truang
Hdn Sieu vd moi trudng dia vdn hoa md ong dd
sdng vd
hog,t
dgng.
- Ket qua
cila
hgi thao that ddng phan khdi, khong
khi ludn bdn cung rat nhiet
tinh^^^
Sau nay, trong
thiT
de ngay 7 thang 9 nam 1997,
gijfi
cho tdi, Gs. Nguyen Hue Chi cdn viet:
Chung toi vdn nhd mdi nhiing ngdy hgi thao
TrUang Hdn Sieu d Ninh Binh vd nhiet tinh cua
anh ciing nhd trUdng ddi vdi chiing toi. Toi nghi
nen kien tri van dgng de dung cho dugc mot tugng
TrUang Hdn Siiu tren
nili Due
Thdy. Do
Id
muc
tieu cao vd xa
cila
chiing ta, cd phdi khong?.

Thang 10 nam 1994, Hdi Van hgc Nghe thuat
Ninh Binh da xuat ban cudn sach TrUang Hdn
Sieii-
Nhd vdn lan thdi Trdn, danh nhdn van hoa
dan
tgc, tap hgp cac bai viet ve Trirang Han Sieu cua
Gs.
Nguydn Hue Chi, Gs. Bui Van Nguyen, PGs.
Tran Thi Bang Thanh, cac nha nghien
cufu
van hgc
Nguydn Pham Himg, Pham Nggc Lan va tdi.
(1)
Xem bai Nha van TrUdng Han Sieu td gdc nhin van hoa-
Gs.
Nguyen Hue Chi - Tap chi van hoc - so 4 nam
1994.
11
Tdi tiep tuc viet mdt
loat
bai gidi thieu ve than
the,
sir
nghiep cua Trirang Han Sieu in tren cac
bao va tap
chi:
Nhdn ddn hdng thdng, Todn canh,
Phap lugt, Gido vien vd nhd trUang,
Xila
nay, Viet

Nam huong sdc, The gidi trong ta, Khoa hgc vd Td
qudc, Thiia Thien-Hue, Ninh Binh.
De'n nam 1999, nhan ky niem 645 nam nam
Tru'ong Han Sieu mat, Hdi Van hgc Nghe thuat
Ninh Binh xuat ban cudn sach rieng cua tdi: Truong
Hdn
Sieu-digc
ddi, Su nghiep, Tha vdn.
Ngay tir nam 1995, trong
thiT giifi
cho tdi, de ngay
3 thang 8, Gs. Nguyen Hue Chi viet:
Toi rat quy tdm long
cila
anh ddi vdi danh nhdn
vdn hoa TrUang Hdn Sieu
cila
Ninh Binh Nhung
toi chdc roi trong
tuang
lai, se cd cdi nhin xac
ddng
vd
se hieu cong lao
cila
anh.
Qua dung
nhir
vay, sach Truang Hdn Sieu-Cugc
ddi, Su nghiep, Tha vdn da

dirge
nhan giai thudng
Vdn hgc Nghe thuat Truang Hdn Sieu lan
thuf H
(1996-2001) do Uy ban nhan dan tinh Ninh Binh
trao tang.
Nam nay (2004), nhan ky niem 650 nam nam
Trirang Han Sieu mat (1354-2004), Hdi Van hgc
Nghe thuat Ninh Binh tai ban sach TrUang Hdn
Sieu-Cugc ddi, Su nghiep, Tha vdn, cd
sufa chiJa
va
bd sung vdi ten sach Truang Hdn Sieu-Duc Thuy
San.
12
Mong mudn cua tdi gid'ng
nhir
Gs. Nguyen Hue
Chi viet:
lam cho Truang Hdn Sieu hien dien trong
tdm thiic cdc the he tre Ninh Binh, rgng han niia
lam cho ong hien dien trUdc nhieu bgn be tren the
gidi dang ngdy cdng den Viet Nam nhieu han, khi
ddt nUdc md rgng
cda
chao ddn hg.
Chdc chan mot ddng ngudi du lich se den thdm
Non
NiCdc (Due
Thuy san) vd tim hieu lich sii "ngoi

nhd bdo tdng thi ca hiing vi" cd mot khdng hai dd
cila
ddt nUdc. Tdi tin rdng hinh tugng Truang Hdn
Sieu neu dugc ddt that
dilng
chd, se con gdp phan
lam giau cho ddt nUdc Ninh Binh tren con dudng
tien mgnh vao hien
dgi^^^.
Nhan dip cudn sach
dirge
tai ban, tdi xin tran
trgng cam an dng Pham Minh Tuyen-Uy vien Ban
Chap hanh Trung irang Dang, Bi
thiT
Tinh uy Ninh
Binh; dng Dinh Chung Phung-Uy vien Ban
Thirdng
vu Tinh uy, Bi
thu"
Thi uy thi xa Ninh Binh da quan
tam, kinh trgng nha van hoa, nha van Trirang Han
Sieu.
Tdi xin tran trgng cam an Gs. Nguydn Hue Chi
da ddng vien, khich le, giup dd tdi trong qua trinh
nghien cufu va viet sach ve
Tri/ang
Han Sieu.
(1) Nha van TrUdng Han Sieu td gdc
nhin

van hoa
-Gs.
Nguyen Hue Chi- Tap
chi
van hoc- so 4 nam
1994.
13
Tdi xin tran trgng cam an Thi uy, UBND thi xa
Ninh Binh; Dai Phat thanh va Truyen hinh Ninh
Binh; Ngan hang cdng
thiTang
Ninh Binh; Cdng ty
cd phan xay dirng va khai thac than qua
lufa
Ninh
Binh va dng Nguydn Xuan TrUdng da hd trg mot
phan kinh phi de tdi in sach.
Cudn sach khdng the tranh khdi
nhiJng
thie'u
sdt nhat dinh, tdi rat mong ddc gia
lugng
thir va
chi cho
nhUng
khiem khuyet de
sita
chCta.
cho diing
va day du han.

Thi xd Ninh Binh, ngdy 1 thdng 1 ndm 2004.
LA DANG BAT
14
Ldi Gldl
THIEU
BAN LINH VAN
HOA
TRl/dNG HAN SIEU
Giao
sxi NGUYfiN
HUE CHI
TriTofng
ban Van
hqc
co va can dai
VIEN VAN HOC VIET NAM
Khdng d dau tren manh dat Viet Nam nay cd
dugc mdt thang canh Uu my nhu nui Non Nudc d
Ninh Binh. Mdt hdn nui khdng ghe gdm ve tam
cao va tam dd so, ngugc lai cd
the
ndi la nhd be
nCTa.
Mdt hdn mii cung khdng cd gi ggi la giau san
vat, cd cay va muong thu, ma nhieu
ISm
chi la vai
muai
gdc cd thu giai
dSng

bam sau vao da va thap
thoang dudi tang cay la bdng dang cua mot vai loai
chim.
The
nhUng, nai day lai
luu
giU mdt thuf san
vat cd the ndi la vd gia va
lUu
giU vdi
sd lugng
vUgt
trdi han bat ky mot hdn nui nao: ay la nhu'ng bai
tha, bai van dugc
khSc
len vach da ke
tCr
the ky
XIII cho de'n tan nUa dau the' ky XX (Neu khao sat
them trong cac thu tich thi
tCr
the ky XI
cQng
tdng
15
cd van bia khac d day nhUng thdi gian da lam cho
inai
mdt). Mdt tang thu thien nhien ddc dao tdn
tai trong sudt bay
the

ky! Ndi mdt
each
hinh tugng
ban thi lich
suf
da't nUdc vd tinh hay
hCTu
y da danh
cho hdn Non Nudc cai vi
the
mot bg hgp tuyen tha
vdn do so ma ticng trang sdch cung la tirng vach
nui cao tha'p khac nhau, ngUdi in sach la vd sd' thg
da vd danh cac thdi dai, chia nhau miet mai khac
chu len da va
ngiidi
sogn sdch la hang loat danh si
cU
p^hacETiidi
tiep ddi nay qua ddi khac trong sud't
700
iiaiii.
Ve mat nay, nui Non Nudc cd the sanh
vdi nui Thai Son cua Trung Qudc, nai khac rat
nhie'u
thd van cua danh nhan danh
si
Trung Hoa,
da dugc UNESCO xep vao danh muc nhUng di san
dufng

vao hang the gidi.
Van de gin gid, tdn tao va phat huy gia tri cua di
tich van
hda
Non Nudc sao cho tuang
xufng
vdi y
nghia lich suf cua nd, la viec can danh ddng cac gidi
quan
chiifc
van hda va chinh quyen Trung
uang cCing
nhu dia phuang, de sdm cd mdt sU quan tam dung
dan. Nhung dieu tdi mud'n
luu
y ban dgc khi nhac
de'n cai Uu the cd mdt khdng hai cua di tich van
hda nay la mdt hinh anh khac-mdt nhan vat lich
suT
ndi len nhu mdt tam phdng
dkng
sau di chi ay,
mot con ngUdi ma tam vdc lam cho di chi nhu cang
long
lly
them. Chinh con ngudi dd da khai
sinh
ra
cai ten
Due

Thuy cho hdn Non Nudc xinh dep
nkm
tren
khue
quanh cua con sdng chay qua thi xa Ninh
16
Binh, bet
nhumdt
con chim canh tra dang lao thang
xud'ng
giUa
ddng nUdc. Ciing chinh con ngUdi dd da
ddt but viet len bg hgp tuyen vi dgi bdng dd nhUng
trang viet dau tien: bai
Due
Thuy san Linh Te
thdp ky bat hu cua dng khdng nhUng nhieu ngUdi
trong chung ta da dgc den
thude
Idng,
ma cdn dugc
chiem ngudng tan mat neu cd dip ghe tham Non
Nudc. Con ngudi dd la
TrUong
Han Sieu
(7-1354),
mdt trong nhUng
gUOng
mat sang chdi cua thdi dai
Ly-Tran.

TrUang Han Sieu trUdc bet la
indt
Tu Thang Phu, hieu Don Tau,
ngud
Thanh, huyen Yen Ninh,
Id
TrUdng
^fen]_jte^
Ninh Binh, dng tirng la mdt mdn khach trong phu
de Tran Hung Dao, ve sau dugc Tran Hung Dao
tien
cuf
vdi trieu dinh,
iihung
mai den 1308 mdi
dugc vao trieu nhan chufc Hgc si Vien han lam. Tir
day, vdi kien thiifc uyen bac, dng da dam nhiem
nhieu phan viec he trgng lien quan den hgc van
cua ca mdt thdi dai. Vdi tU
each
Hgc si Vien han
lam, dng la ngUdi thay mat vua soan thao van
chuong chieu cao ban
bd
cho toan dan, va van tir
trao ddi ngoai giao
giufa
Viet Nam va cac nUdc. Vdi
tu
each

ngudi
che
dinh bd Hinh thu, dng
la
ngudi
dat nen tang cho mdt trieu dinh van hanh theo
luat phap. Vdi tu
each
ngudi soan bd Hodng trieu
2-THS 17
dgi dien, dng la ngUdi gdp phan xay
dUng nhijfng
nghi
thufc
dien che nham dUa cac hinh
thufc
hoat
ddng cua trieu dinh nha Tran vao ne nep quy cu,
phan anh tu the' mdt trieu dai van minh. Khdng
chi cd the! TrUang Han Sieu cdn dugc cuf di tra'n
nham nhieu nam d
nhUng
viing Lang Giang, Hoa
Chau hoac cd luc dugc
cijf
lam mdt cdng viec
tenhi,
mang chu'c nang tdn giao, nhu chufc Giam tu chiia
Quynh Lam.
(J

bat ky
cuang
vi nao,
sir
hieu biet
sau sac sach vd, sU am tudng cac mat cua ddi
son?
cdng vdi kinh nghiem sd'ng lao luyen, deu da giup
dng thiic thi tdt phan sU. Ong qua da thoat ra khoi
cai vd thu lai thdng thudng de mang tam mot nha
van hda, la ngudi biet bie'n van hda thanh hoat
dgng thUc tien.
Dieu can nhac lai la khdi diem hgc van cua mot
ngudi nhu Truang Han Sieu khien ta cd the ngac
nhien. Mot chan thu nhi dudi trudng Tran
Husg
Dao,
han chac viec hgc hanh cua dng khong phai
tuan theo nhu'ng trinh tU bai ban
nhu d
nha
tri/dng.
Cung khdng cd cai hgc vi Tien sy nao
dirge
danh
cho con ngudi dd. NhUng day la mot moi tru'dng
ma su ren dua, mai xat kien
thiJc
chac chan la
mot

yeu cau dat ra gay gat,
d
day
sir thiTc
hoc
dirge de
cao va cai hgc
phii
phiem bi loai bo-moi
trircfnghpc
di vdi hanh trong mgi hoat dgng chuan bi
cho cong
cuoc
giiif
nudc
vi
dai cua vi Qudc cdng tie't
che.
Chinh
vi
vay, dieu khdng kem ky la la uy tin hoc
van ciia
18
Truang Han Sieu da trd thanh gan nhU tuyet dd'i,
chi mdt thdi gian sau khi dng budc vao trieu dinh.
pac
vua Tran deu kinh ne khdng ggi thang ten dng
va deu nhat loat tdn xUng dng bang thay. Sau khi
dng mat, vua Tran Du Tdng truy phong dng chdc
Thai phd va vua Tran Nghe Tdng cho phu thd dng

d Van Mieu (khdng hieu vi ly do nao de'n nay chung
ta van
chu^
dUa Truong Han Sieu vao danh sach
tudng niem d Van Mieu Qudc Td Giam nhU cac vua
Tran thud trUdc nhi? Cd phai do dng thieu cai hgc
vi dng Nghe hay khdng?).
Thain
chi Dgi Viet
sii
ky
todn thu cdn danh gia dng cd hgc van
vUng
chac
hon Hoang giap Nguyen Trung Ngan vdn cung la
mdt ngudi ndi tieng tai danh luc duong thdi. Dieu
dd
chufng
td nha Tran trgng thuc hgc de'n the' nao
va ban than
TrUOng
Han Sieu cung da vUgt minh
ghe gdm nhU
the
nao.
NhUng ndi den nhan
each
van hda cua mdt danh
nhan cdn phai ndi den mdt phuang dien khdng the
thieu dugc: sU

ufng
xd van hda trong cudc sdng hang
ngay cua hg.
O
TrUang Han Sieu, hanh vi dng xuf
ndi bat nhat in dam vao suf sach la quan diem cua
dng dd'i vdi Phat giao va thai do cua dng trUdc tao
vat thien
nhieti.
La mdt nha nho, TrUang Han Sieu
cd nhien khdng chap nhan Phat giao. Ong van dung
Nho giao nhU mdt
Igi
khi de phe phan cai thuf td
thuyet
nkm
ngoai Khdng Manh. Tuy nhien, dng
khdng khang khang cdng kich Phat giao vdi thai
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