Lesson 1 Updated (1).Docx

GIỚI THIỆU VỀ ESSAYS
Giới thiệu chung
- Phần 2 của kỹ năng viết Vstep yêu cầu viết
sản sinh – viết 1 bài luận có độ dài ít nhất 250
từ về 1 chủ đề cho sẵn, sử dụng lý do và ví dụ
cụ thể để minh họa cho các lập luận.
- Thời gian: 40 phút
- Bài viết luận chiếm 2/3 tổng số điểm của bài
thi viết. Thang điểm chấm là 20 điểm
Trước khi viết, dành 5 phút phân tích đề bài và
lên dàn ý chi tiết:
- Đọc kỹ đề bài để xác định xem bài luận thuộc
thể loại nào:
1. opinion/ argumentative essays (bài luận
trình bày quan điểm);
2. advantages/disadvantages (bài luận về ưu
nhược điểm); cho 2 quan điểm và yêu cầu
thảo luận 2 quan điểm đó và đưa ra quan
điểm cá nhân
3. problems-solutions (bài luận vấn đề giải
pháp); causes-effects (bài luận nguyên nhân
hệ quả)
- Tìm ý: liệt kê các ý ra nháp sau đó chọn lọc
lấy 2-3 ý lớn, mỗi ý lớn sẽ dùng để viết 1 câu
chủ đề cho đoạn văn. Các ý khác có thể gộp
lại làm câu hỗ trợ cho câu chủ đề hoặc làm ví
dụ.


Bố cục của 1 bài luận:
I. Mở bài (3 hoặc 4 câu)

- Giới thiệu chung về chủ đề: general
statements (2-3 câu)
- Câu thesis statement: (trả lời câu
hỏi đề bài/ yêu cầu đề bài) (1 câu)
II. Thân bài (2-3 đoạn) Mỗi đoạn văn
trong tiếng Anh phải có ít nhất 2
câu.
- Đưa ra các lập luận giải quyết yêu
cầu đề bài. Mỗi lập luận viết thành
một đoạn sử dụng lý do và ví dụ cụ
thể để minh hoạ. Nên viết từ 2-3
đoạn trong phần thân bài.
III. Kết luận
- Tóm tắt ý chính
- Đưa ra nhận xét hoặc ý kiến cá nhân


Some topics for V- STEP Essays:
Opinion essays/ Discuss essays/
EXPLANATION ESSAYS
1. Some people think that children should begin to study a foreign language at
an early age. Others believe that children should spend most of their time
playing. What is your opinion? – OPINION
2. Playing computer games give children some skills that may not be taught at
school. Others are worried about the negative effects of computer games.
Discuss two sides of computer games. – DISCUSS
3. To solve traffic problems, Vietnamese government should tax private car
owners heavily and use the money to improve public transportation. What are
the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution? - DISCUSS
4. Recent development in technology leads to the fact that humans are

replaced by machines. What are some problems caused by this trend and what
are the solutions to this? – EXPLANATION
5. Some say that we have to think carefully before deciding to eat fast food for
health problems. Others think this kind of food is a good choice for those with
a busy life. Which opinion do you agree with? – OPINION ESSAY
6. Levels of crimes among the young people are increasing rapidly in big cities.
What are the reasons for this? Suggest some solutions. – EXPLANATION
7. What are the positive and negative impacts of playing computer games and
what can be done to reduce the bad effects? - EXPLANATION


Some suggest that schools
should ask their students to
comment on their teachers.
Others disagree. What do you
think? OPINION ESSAY
8.

9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of keeping pets? – DISCUSS
10. In some countries, some young people use illegal drugs at an early age.
What are the causes, effects and solutions for this?
11. Some young people now like watching films with violence. What are the
problems and solutions for this trend? EXPLANATION
12. Nowadays, many people are under stress. What are the causes and effects
of this? EXPLANATION
13. In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you
think this is a good idea? OPINION
14. Some young children spend a lot of time practicing sports. Discuss the
advantages and disadvantages of this. DISCUSS
15. Do you think that using a computer every day can have more negative than

positive effects on young children? OPINION

Three types of essay questions

1.Opinion essays – hỏi quan điểm của bạn về một vấn
đề, đồng ý hay không đồng ý, đồng ý ở mức nào.


YOUR OPINION IN INTRODUCTION- Opinion essays
a. It

asks directly for the writer’s personal

opinion –
b. It usually has the following forms
 Do you agree or disagree?
 What do you think (of the statement)?
 What is your opinion about…?
 Which of the views do you agree with?
 “Should” starting questions? Should children be educated at home?
 Discuss the extent which you agree or disagree with the given
statement?

2.Discussion essays (D essays)

thảo luận về ưu

nhược điểm của 1 vấn đề, hoặc cho 2 quan điểm, hãy thảo
luận 2 quan điểm nói trên.
-

Ví dụ:
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of …..?
What are the benefits (ưu điểm) and drawbacks
(nhược điểm)?
Discuss both views and give your personal opinion.
Hãy thảo luận 2 quan điểm nói trên và đưa ra quan
điểm của em.
Discuss the negative aspects and positive aspects
of ……

YOUR OPINION IN CONCLUSION

3.

Explanation essays

Problems

(vấn

đề)-

solutions (giải pháp)/ Causes (lý do)-effects (hệ
quả) (vấn đề giải pháp, lý do, hệ quả) đề bài có thể chỉ


yêu cầu viết về 1 mặt (nguyên nhân hoặc hệ quả) kèm
giải pháp
YOUR OPINION IN CONCLUSION

Ví dụ:
- What are some of the problems?
- What solutions can you suggest for solving the
problems?
- Problem and solution essays
- Cause and effect essays
- (Mixed essays)

OPINION ESSAYS


1.INTRODUCTION- OPINION
2.BODY
2.1 BODY 1
2.2 BODY 2
3.CONCLUSION

Some suggest that schools should ask their students to
comment on their teachers. Others disagree. What do you
think? OPINION ESSAY
I.

CÁCH VIẾT ĐOẠN MỞ BÀI (3-4 câu)

I THINK THAT schools should ask their

students to comment on their teachers.
A. General statements (câu chung để giới thiệu chủ đề
bài viết) 2-3 câu
Có thể viết lại đề bài nhưng phải paraphrase (sử dụng từ

đồng nghĩa hoặc viết lại sử dụng cấu trúc khác) thay đổi
vài từ chứ đừng copy y nguyên câu của đề bài.
B. Thesis statement: câu nêu ý chính của bài luận, câu
này trả lời câu hỏi nêu ra trong đề bài.
Ví dụ một số đoạn mở bài mẫu
1. Some people believe that TV programs are of no
real value (ko có giá trị) for children. How far do
you agree or disagree?


Topic: watching TV
Opinion/view: watching TV is not good for children
These days, watching TV is a very popular (leisure
activity). Some people say that it is no use watching
TV for children. I completely/totally disagree with the
statement because of the following reasons.

2. Some say that schools should ask their

students to comment on their
teachers. Others disagree. What do
you think? A- OPINION IN INTRODUCTION

Should/ Shouldn’t
Students should comment on their teachers.
A/ THE STUDENT SHOULD COMMENT ON THEIR TEACHERS.
ADVISE/ ADVICE
1. Students are ( NOT) advised to comment on their
teachers.
(Students are supposed to comment on their teachers.

Students are expected to comment on their teachers. )


S+ (BE- IS/ ARE/AM)+ ADVISED/ SUPPOSED/ EXPECTED+
TO V
2. It is a good idea for students to comment on their
teachers.
It is good for….
(It is beneficial for ….
It is a good practice for …)
3. Commenting on teachers is a good idea for students.
Commenting on teachers is good for students.

Some suggest that schools should ask
their students to comment on their
teachers. Others disagree. What do
you think? A- OPINION IN INTRODUCTION

(People hold different opinions about the fact that students
comment on their teachers.)
People hold different opinions about students commenting on their
teacher. Some think that students are not ADVISED to do so. OTHER


PEOPLE, however, suggest that it is a good idea for students to
comment on/ ASSESS their teachers.
+ I find the second/ first view much better for the following reasons.

+ On balance, MY OPINION IS THAT this practice is both good
and bad for the following reasons.

In some countries, teenagers have
jobs when they are still at school.
What do you think?

People hold different opinions about teenagers having jobs.
Some think that teenagers are not ADVISED to do so when
they are school. Others, however, SUGGEST that getting jobs
is a good idea for teenagers.


+ I find the second/ first view much better for the following
reasons.
+ In the final analysis, I am of the opinion that this practice is
both good and bad for the following reasons.

Argumentative essays- opinion in Introduction
I. Introduction
People hold different opinions about N/ NP// Ving/ Wh. Some think that
(disagreement). OTHER PEOPLE, however, SUGGEST that (agreement).
-

I find the second/ first view MUCH BETTER for the following
reasons.

- ON BALANCE, I am of the opinion that….
II. Body:
Paragraph 1:
AT THE BEGINNING, it is clear that (topic sentence 1). To be more
detailed, 2 more sentences

Paragraph 2


In addition to the first view, WE CAN SEE THAT (topic sentence 2). To
make this view much clearer, one good reason for this might be that + 2
more sentences
III. Conclusion
All in all, it is my opinion that + (restate your opinion)- Khẳng định lại ý kiến
của mình bằng cách viết lại câu cuối của câu phần mở bài. This can be
explained by the fact that + (summarize main points) .- Tổng kết lại 2 ý chính
đã nói trong phần Thân bài.