10g administration workshop ii

Oracle Database 10g:
Administration Workshop II
Student Guide
D17092GC20
Edition 2.0
May 2004
D39448
®
Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
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Authors
Janet Stern
James Womack
Technical Contributors
and Reviewers
Lothar Auert
Dairy Chan
Gerlinde Frenzen
Joel Goodman
Christine Jeal
Martin Jensen
Susan Jang
Donna Keesling
Wolfgang Krueger
Roman Niehoff
Srinivas Putrevu
Andreas Reinhardt
Dr. Sabine Teuber
Chandru Venkatesan
John Watson
Editor
AtanuRaychaudhuri
Publisher
Poornima G
Preface
1 Introduction
Course Objectives 1-2

How DBAs Spend Their Time 1-3
Oracle Database 10g Manageability Goals 1-4
Database Management Challenges 1-5
Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 1-6
How Oracle Database 10g DBAs Spend Their Time 1-7
Student Preface 1-8
2 Using Globalization Support
Objectives 2-2
Globalization Support Features 2-3
Encoding Schemes 2-4
Database Character Sets and National Character Sets 2-7
Datetimes with Timezones 2-9
Configuring the Database Local Timezone 2-10
Configuring Datetime Formats 2-11
Using Timezones 2-12
Specifying Language-Dependent Behavior 2-13
Specifying Language-Dependent Behavior for the Server 2-14
Language and Territory Dependent Parameters 2-15
Other NLS Server Parameters 2-17
Specifying Language-Dependent Behavior for the Session 2-18
Locale Variants 2-21
Using NLS Parameters in SQL Functions 2-22
Linguistic Sorting 2-25
Using Linguistic Sorting 2-27
Sorts That Are Not Case or Accent Sensitive 2-29
Linguistic Comparisons 2-30
Linguistic Index Support 2-31
Customizing Linguistic Sorting 2-32
Oracle Locale Builder 2-33
Character Set Scanner Utilities 2-34

Data Conversion Between Client and Server Character Sets 2-36
NLS Data Conversion with Oracle Utilities 2-37
NLS Data Conversion with Data Pump 2-39
Obtaining Character Set Information 2-40
Obtaining NLS Parameter Information 2-41
Summary 2-43
Practice 2 Overview: Using Globalization Support Features 2-44
Practice 2: Using Globalization Support Features 2-45
Practice 2: Globalization Support 2-46
Contents
iii
3 Controlling Access to the Oracle Listener
Objectives 3-2
Oracle Net Services Review 3-3
Listener Password Authentication 3-4
Setting Listener Password 3-5
Setting Listener Password with Net Manager 3-6
Set Password with lsnrctl Utility 3-7
Controlling Database Access 3-8
Oracle Net Services External Procedures 3-9
Overview of the EXTPROC Agent 3-10
PL/SQL Calling a C External Procedure 3-11
Default Configuration for External Procedure Calls 3-12
Modifying the Configuration for External Procedure Calls 3-14
Remove Default EXTPROC Entry 3-15
Configure a Dedicated Listener for External Procedure Calls 3-17
Summary 3-21
Practice 3 Overview: Controlling Access to the Listener 3-22
4 Configuring Recovery Manager
Objectives 4-2

Recovery Manager Features 4-3
Recovery Manager Components 4-5
Media Management 4-7
Using a Flash Recovery Area with RMAN 4-9
Setting Parameters for RMAN 4-10
RMAN Usage Considerations 4-12
Connection Types with RMAN 4-13
Starting RMAN 4-14
Additional RMAN Command Line Arguments 4-15
Configuring Persistent Settings for RMAN 4-16
Configuring RMAN Settings Using EM 4-17
Control File Autobackups 4-18
Retention Policies 4-20
Managing Persistent Settings 4-21
Channel Allocation 4-22
Automatic and Manual Channel Allocation 4-23
Channel Control Options 4-24
Summary 4-26
Practice 4 Overview: Configuring RMAN 4-27
5 Using Recovery Manager
Objectives 5-2
Issuing Recovery Manager Commands 5-3
RMAN Command Overview 5-5
RMAN Commands 5-6
Job Command: Example 5-7
iv
The BACKUP Command 5-8
Backup Constraints 5-9
Parallelization of Backup Sets 5-10
Compressed Backups 5-12

Image Copy 5-13
Tags for Backups and Image Copies 5-15
BACKUP Options 5-16
Backing Up Archived Redo Logs 5-18
Copying the Whole Database 5-19
Making Incremental Backups 5-20
Incremental Backup: Example 5-22
Block Change Tracking 5-23
Enabling Block Change Tracking 5-24
Incrementally Updating Backups 5-25
LIST Command Operations 5-26
The REPORT Command 5-27
The REPORT NEED BACKUP Command 5-28
REPORT NEED BACKUP: Examples 5-29
REPORT OBSOLETE and DELETE OBSOLETE 5-30
Managing Backups with EM 5-31
RMAN Dynamic Views 5-32
Monitoring RMAN Backups 5-34
Summary 5-36
Practice 5 Overview: Using RMAN 5-37
6 Diagnostic Sources
Objectives 6-2
Diagnostic Files 6-3
The Alert Log 6-4
What Is in the alert.log File 6-5
Viewing Recent Alert Log Entries 6-6
Alert Models Architecture 6-7
Server-Generated Alert Types 6-8
Viewing Alerts with Enterprise Manager 6-9
Alerts Notification 6-11

Alert Log Monitoring Configuration 6-12
Editing Thresholds 6-13
Viewing Initialization Parameters 6-14
Trace Files 6-15
Specifying the Location of Trace Files 6-16
Controlling Trace File Size 6-17
Controlling Trace File Writes 6-18
Using Enterprise Manager to Enable and View SQL Tracing 6-19
System Log Files 6-20
Summary 6-21
Practice 6 Overview: Diagnosing Problems 6-22
v
7 Recovering from Noncritical Losses
Objectives 7-2
Recovery of Noncritical Files 7-3
Creating New Temporary Tablespace 7-4
Re-creating Redo Log Files 7-5
Recovering an Index Tablespace 7-8
Re-creating Indexes 7-9
Read-only Tablespace Recovery 7-10
Read-only Tablespace Recovery Issues 7-11
Authentication Methods for Database Administrators 7-13
Loss of Password Authentication File 7-14
Summary 7-16
Practice 7 Overview: Re-creating a Temporary Tablespace 7-17
Practice 7: Re-creating the Temp Tablespace 7-18
8 Database Recovery
Objectives 8-2
Recovery Steps 8-3
Server Managed Recovery: RESTORE and RECOVER Commands 8-4

User-Managed Recovery Procedures:RECOVER Command 8-5
Recovering a Control File Autobackup 8-6
Creating a New Control File 8-8
Incomplete Recovery Overview 8-10
Situations Requiring Incomplete Recovery 8-11
Types of Incomplete Recovery 8-12
Incomplete Recovery Best Practices 8-14
Using RECOVER for Incomplete Recovery 8-16
UNTIL TIME Recovery Example 8-17
UNTIL TIME Recovery Steps 8-18
Cancel-Based Recovery: Example 8-20
Incomplete Recovery and the Alert Log 8-22
Incomplete Recovery of a Database Using RMAN 8-23
RMAN Incomplete Recovery UNTIL TIME: Example 8-24
RMAN Incomplete Recovery UNTIL SEQUENCE: Example 8-26
Recovery Using Enterprise Manager 8-27
Simplified Recovery Through RESETLOGS 8-33
Recovery Through RESETLOGS: Changes 8-34
Summary 8-36
Practice 8 Overview: Incomplete Recovery 8-37
9 Flashback Database
Objectives 9-2
Flashback Any Error 9-3
Flashback Technology Benefits 9-4
When to Use Flashback Technology 9-5
Flashback Database Overview 9-6
Flashback Database Reduces Restore Time 9-7
vi
Flashback Database Architecture 9-8
Configuring Flashback Database 9-9

Configure Flashback Database with EM 9-10
Monitoring Flashback Database 9-12
Monitoring Flashback Database with EM 9-14
Best Practices for the Database and Flash Recovery Area 9-16
Backing Up the Flash Recovery Area 9-17
Flash Recovery Area Space Usage 9-18
Flashback Database Examples 9-19
Flashback Database with EM 9-20
Excluding Tablespaces from Flashback Database 9-23
Flashback Database Considerations 9-24
Summary 9-25
Practice 9 Overview: Flashback Database 9-26
10 Recovering from User Errors
Objectives 10-2
Flashback Time Navigation 10-3
Flashback Drop Overview 10-4
Recycle Bin 10-5
Querying the Recycle Bin 10-6
Flashback Dropped Tables Using EM 10-8
Restoring Objects from the Recycle Bin 10-9
Recycle Bin Automatic Space Reclamation 10-10
Recycle Bin Manual Space Reclamation 10-12
Bypassing the Recycle Bin 10-14
Querying Dropped Tables 10-15
Flashback Drop Considerations 10-16
Flashback Versions Query Overview 10-17
Flashback Versions Query Using EM 10-18
Flashback Versions Query Syntax 10-19
Flashback Versions Query Example 10-20
Flashback Versions Query Considerations 10-21

Flashback Transaction Query Overview 10-22
Querying FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY 10-23
Using Flashback Versions Query and Flashback Transaction Query 10-24
Flashback Transaction Query Using EM 10-25
Flashback Transaction Query Considerations 10-26
Flashback Table Overview 10-27
Using EM to Flashback Tables 10-28
Flashback Table Example 10-29
Rolling Back a Flashback Table Operation 10-30
Flashback Table Considerations 10-31
Guaranteed Undo Retention 10-32
SCN and Time Mapping Enhancements 10-33
Summary 10-34
Practice 10 Overview: Recovering from User Errors 10-35
vii
11 Dealing with Database Corruption
Objectives 11-2
What Is Block Corruption? 11-3
Block Corruption Symptoms: ORA-1578 11-4
DBVERIFY Utility 11-5
Interpreting DBVERIFY 11-6
The ANALYZE Command 11-8
Initialization Parameter DB_BLOCK_CHECKING 11-9
How to Handle Corruptions 11-10
Using Flashback for Logical Corruption 11-12
The DBMS_REPAIR Package 11-13
Using DBMS_REPAIR 11-14
Block Media Recovery (BMR) 11-18
The BLOCKRECOVER Command 11-19
RMAN BMR Interface 11-20

Examples of BLOCKRECOVER 11-21
Which Object Is Corrupted? 11-23
Summary 11-24
Practice 11 Overview: Dealing with Database Corruption 11-25
12 Automatic Management 12-1
Objectives 12-2
Oracle Wait Events 12-3
System Statistics 12-4
Displaying Session-Related Statistics 12-6
Troubleshooting and Tuning Views 12-7
Statistics Collection 12-8
Automatic Optimizer Statistics Collection: Overview 12-9
Dictionary and Special Views 12-11
Statspack 12-12
Workload Repository 12-13
AWR Snapshot Baselines 12-14
Advisory Framework Overview 12-15
Database Control and Advisors 12-17
Typical Advisor Tuning Session 12-18
Manually Invoking ADDM 12-19
Application Tuning Challenges 12-20
SQL Tuning Advisor Overview 12-21
SQL Tuning Advisor Options and Recommendations 12-22
Using the SQL Tuning Advisor 12-23
Using the SQL Tuning Advisor: Example 12-24
Using the SQL Access Advisor 12-25
The Undo Management Page 12-27
Automatic Undo Retention Tuning 12-28
The Undo Advisor Page 12-29
Summary 12-30

Practice 12 Overview: Optimizing Database Performance 12-31
viii
13 Monitoring and Managing Storage
Objectives 13-2
Online Redo Log File Configuration 13-3
Redo Logfile Sizing Advisor 13-5
Increasing the Performance of Archiving 13-6
Resumable Statements 13-7
Using Resumable Space Allocation 13-8
Resuming Suspended Statements 13-10
Proactive Tablespace Monitoring Overview 13-12
Tablespace Space Usage Monitoring 13-13
Edit Tablespace Page 13-14
Segment Advisor Overview 13-15
Shrinking Segments: Overview 13-16
Shrinking Segments: Considerations 13-17
Database Control and Segment Shrink 13-18
Accessing the Segment Advisor 13-19
Segment Advisor 13-20
Shrinking Segments Using SQL 13-21
Segment Shrink: Execution Considerations 13-22
Segment Resource Estimation 13-23
Growth Trend Report 13-24
Monitoring Index Space 13-25
Monitoring Index Space Usage 13-26
Deciding Whether to Rebuild or Coalesce an Index 13-27
Identifying Unused Indexes 13-28
Index-Organized Tables 13-29
Index-Organized Tables and Heap Tables 13-30
Creating Index-Organized Tables 13-32

IOT Row Overflow 13-33
Querying DBA_TABLES for IOT Information 13-35
Querying DBA_INDEXES and DBA_SEGMENTS for IOT information 13-36
Using a Mapping Table 13-37
Maintaining a Mapping Table 13-38
Clusters 13-39
Cluster Types 13-40
Situations Where Clusters Are Useful 13-42
Sorted Hash Cluster: Example 13-43
Summary 13-44
Practice 13 Overview: Managing Storage 13-45
14 Automatic Storage Management
Objectives 14 2
What Is Automatic Storage Management? 14-3
ASM Key Features and Benefits 14-4
ASM Concepts 14-5
ASM General Architecture 14-6
ASM Instance Functionalities 14-8
ix
ASM Instance Creation 14-9
ASM Instance Initialization Parameters 14-10
Accessing an ASM Instance 14-11
Dynamic Performance View Additions 14-12
ASM Home Page 14-14
ASM Performance Page 14-15
ASM Configuration Page 14-16
Starting Up an ASM Instance 14-17
Shutting Down an ASM Instance 14-18
ASM Disk Groups 14-19
Failure Group 14-20

Disk Group Mirroring 14-21
Disk Group Dynamic Rebalancing 14-22
ASM Administration Page 14-23
Create Disk Group Page 14-24
Create or Delete Disk Groups 14-25
Adding Disks to Disk Groups 14-26
Miscellaneous Alter Commands 14-27
Monitoring Long-Running Operations Using V$ASM_OPERATION 14-29
ASM Files 14-30
ASM Filenames 14-31
ASM File Name Syntax 14-32
ASM File Name Mapping 14-34
ASM File Templates 14-35
Template and Alias Examples 14-36
Retrieving Aliases 14-37
SQL Commands and File Naming 14-38
DBCA and Storage Options 14-39
Database Instance Parameter Changes 14-40
Migrating Your Database to ASM Storage 14-41
Summary 14-42
Practice 14 Overview: Using ASM 14-43
15 Monitoring and Managing Memory
Objectives 15-2
Oracle Memory Structures 15-3
Oracle Memory Structures Buffer Cache 15-5
Using Multiple Buffer Pools 15-7
Shared Pool 15-9
Large Pool 15-10
UGA and Oracle Shared Server 15-11
Java Pool 15-12

The Redo Log Buffer 15-13
Automatic Shared Memory Management: Overview 15-14
Benefits of Automatic Shared Memory Management 15-15
SGA Tuning Principles 15-16
x
Database Control and Automatic Shared Memory Management 15-17
Manual Configuration 15-18
Behavior of Auto-Tuned SGA Parameters 15-19
Behavior of Manually Tuned SGA Parameters 15-20
Using the V$PARAMETER View 15-21
Resizing SGA_TARGET 15-22
Disabling Automatic Shared Memory Management 15-23
Manually Resizing Dynamic SGA Parameters 15-24
Program Global Area (PGA) 15-25
Automatic PGA Memory Management 15-27
PGA Management Resources 15-28
Using the Memory Advisor 15-29
Summary 15-30
Practice 15 Overview: Automatic Shared Memory Management 15-31
16 Managing Resources
Objectives 16-2
Overview 16-3
Database Resource Manager Concepts 16-4
Resource Manager Configurations 16-5
The Initial Plan: SYSTEM_PLAN 16-7
Creating a New Resource Plan 16-8
Creating a Simple Plan 16-10
Oracle Enterprise Manager: Resource Manager 16-11
Active Session Pool Mechanism 16-12
Setting the Active Session Pool 16-13

Maximum Estimated Execution Time 16-15
Setting Idle Timeouts 16-16
Switching Back to the Initial Consumer Group at End of Call 16-17
Creating Resource Consumer Groups 16-18
Assigning Users to Consumer Groups 16-20
Automatic Consumer Group Switching 16-21
Configuring Consumer Group Switching 16-24
Adaptive Consumer Group Mapping 16-25
Creating a Mapping Using DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER 16-26
Assigning Priorities Using DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER 16-27
Using Sub-Plans to Limit CPU Utilization 16-28
Limiting CPU Utilization: Example 16-30
Creating a Complex Plan 16-31
Resource Allocation Methods for Resource Plans 16-32
Comparison of EMPHASIS and RATIO 16-34
Resource Allocation Methods for Consumer Groups 16-36
Administering the Resource Manager 16-37
Assigning Resource Manager Privileges 16-38
Setting the Resource Plan for an Instance 16-39
Viewing Resource Consumer Groups 16-40
xi
Changing a Consumer Group Within a Session 16-41
Changing Consumer Groups for Sessions 16-42
Database Resource Manager Information 16-43
Resource Plan Directives 16-44
Monitoring the Resource Manager 16-46
Summary 16-49
Practice 16 Overview: Using the Resource Manager 16-50
17 Automating Tasks with the Scheduler
Objectives 17-2

Scheduling Needs 17-3
Scheduler Concepts 17-4
Privileges for Scheduler Components 17-6
Creating a Scheduler Job 17-8
Creating a Scheduler Job: Example 17-9
Setting the Repeat Interval for a Job 17-10
Calendaring Expressions 17-11
Using Scheduler Programs 17-12
Creating a Program Using EM 17-13
Specifying Schedules for a Job 17-14
Creating and Using Schedules 17-15
Using EM to Create Schedules 17-16
Advanced Scheduler Concepts 17-17
Creating a Job Class 17-18
Job Logging 17-20
Creating a Window 17-21
Prioritizing Jobs Within a Window 17-23
Enabling and Disabling Scheduler Components 17-25
Managing Jobs 17-26
Managing Programs 17-27
Managing Programs with EM 17-28
Managing Schedules 17-29
Managing Windows 17-30
Window Priority 17-32
Managing Attributes of Scheduler Components 17-33
Managing Attributes of the Scheduler 17-35
Viewing Job Execution Details 17-36
Viewing Job Logs 17-37
Purging Job Logs 17-38
Data Dictionary Views 17-40

Summary 17-41
Practice 17 Overview: Automating Tasks with the Scheduler 17-42
Practice 17: Using the Scheduler 17-43
xii
18 Workshop
Objectives 18-2
Workshop Methodology 18-3
Business Requirements 18-5
Database Configuration 18-6
Simulated Application 18-7
Method for Resolving Database Issues 18-8
Summary 18-10
Practice 18 Overview: Workshop Setup 18-11
Practice 18 Workshop Setup 18-12
Workshop Scenario 1 18-15
Appendix A: Solutions
Appendix B: Basic Linux and vi Commands
Appendix C: Acronyms and Terms
xiii

Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Introduction
Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 1-2
Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
1-2
Course Objectives
In this course, you will gain hands-on experience with:
• Advanced backup and recovery concepts
• Implementing a backup and recovery strategy
• Employing database monitoring practices

• Basic database tuning
• Scheduling of tasks
Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 1-3
Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
1-3
How DBAs Spend Their Time
Load and
archive data: 6%
Maintain
software: 6%
Install: 6%
Create and
configure: 12%
Manage database
system: 55%
Source: Survey conducted at IOUG Live! 2001
How Database Administrators (DBAs) Spend Their Time
The bulk of a DBA’s time is spent performing ongoing management. Ongoing management tasks
include:
• SQL and application tuning
• System resource tuning
• Space and object management
• Backup and recovery
• Storage management
Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 1-4
Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
1-4
• Automatic versus manual
• Intelligence versus data
• Adaptive versus oversized

• Integrated versus third-party
• Preventive versus corrective
• Act-and-succeed versus trial-and-error
Reduce failure costs
Reduce capital expenditures
Oracle Database 10g Manageability Goals
Reduce administration costs
Oracle Database 10g Manageability Goals
Oracle Database 10g is a giant step toward the Oracle vision of creating a self-aware, self-
learning, and completely self-managing database. A huge development effort has gone into
simplifying every aspect of Oracle Database 10g administration with the dual objectives of
enhancing administrator productivity and reducing operational costs.
Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 1-5
Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
1-5
Database Management Challenges
Application
and SQL
management
Storage
management
Backup and
recovery
management
System
resource
management
Space
management
?

?
?
?
?
Database Management Challenges
With previous releases of the Oracle Database, a good portion ofa DBA’s time was spent on
monitoring database system health, identifying bottlenecks, and improving system performance.
Some of the tasks included:
• Application and SQL management: Creating indexes and collecting optimizer statistics
• System resource management: Monitoring CPU utilization and sizing the various
database buffers
• Space management: Sizing the various database files and monitoring space utilization
within segments
• Backup and recovery management: Monitoring the mean time to recover the database,
planning for disaster recovery, and backing up the database
• Storage management: Configuring disks, monitoring I/O bandwidth, and determining the
stripe size
Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 1-6
Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
1-6
Oracle Database 10g Solution:
Self-Managing Database
Application
and SQL
management
Storage
management
Backup and
recovery
management

System
resource
management
Space
management
Fix Advise
AlertMonitor
Common
manageability
infrastructure
Automatic
management
Enterprise
Manager 10g
Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database
Oracle Database 10g can now automatically inform you of performance and resource allocation
problems. In addition to providing suggestions for fixing these problems, Oracle Database 10g
can also automatically fix the problems for you.
The second part of Oracle Corporation’s manageability strategy focuses on making the
management of data centers easier, scalable, and more effective.Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g
provides this solution. Enterprise Manager is a single, integrated solution for administering and
monitoring all applications and systems based on the Oracle technology stack. The next-
generation, HTML-based Enterprise Manager 10g provides the ability to seamlessly manage
hundreds of systems located across organizational and geographical boundaries from a single
point of control. Built with robust functionality for managing both small and large sets of
systems, Enterprise Manager 10g automates critical operations to reduce task time and the risk of
errors, which increases as the number of systems goes up. Its robust grouping and task-
automation functionalities provide core features that enable reliable, rapid, and secure
automation of traditionally time-consuming, error-prone tasks, such as application performance
management, policy-based standardization, and system provisioning.

Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 1-7
Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
1-7
How Oracle Database 10g DBAs
Spend Their Time
Load data: 3%
Maintain
software: 3%
Install: 3%
Create and
configure: 6%
Manage database
system: 25%
Proactive
and strategic
planning:
45+%
Scale to the Grid
How Oracle Database 10g DBAs Spend Their Time
As the demand for database uptime continues to increase, so doesthe rate of growth in the
average database size. These trends result in what some experts are calling the “management
gap.” The doubling of both disk density and database size every few years is not being matched
by a doubling of DBA staff in the same time period.
Therefore, DBAs are being asked to manage more (and larger) databases with the same staff. For
this reason, they need tools that enable them to work more efficiently and manage more with
fewer resources. With Oracle Database 10g, DBAs:
• Think and act more proactively and strategically
• Are application-aware and business-sensitive
• Support larger databases with more users for more mission-critical applications
• Can consolidate, centralize, and globalize

• Require and provide more education
• Are even more important and valuable
Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 1-8
Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
1-8
Student Preface
Even if topics might not seem to be relevant to you
now, your job functions may change due to:
• New products or methods
• Changes in your employment
• Changes in corporate structure
• Enhancements in applications
Student Preface
As you progress through this course, you may encounter a number of topics that do not seem
relevant for you at the present time. However, you should remember that information technology
is an industry in which about 50 percent of your skills and knowledge today will be obsolete in a
year or so. Features that are not of current interest could become valuable to you for a number of
reasons:
• Your company introduces a new product or business method that requires new database
functionality.
• You choose to advance your career by moving to a different groupor company that
requires you to use unfamiliar features.
• Your company business changes due to a merger or acquisition.
• A maintenance window for an old application allows developers toincorporate features
that were not available when the application was first written.
The goal for this course is to teach you database administrationskills that take you beyond basic
configuration and monitoring tasks. This course covers a varietyof features and techniques that
you can employ to optimize database performance, increase data availability, and enhance your
own productivity.
Copyright

©
2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Using Globalization Support
Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 2-2
2-2
Copyright
©
2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
• Customize language-dependent behavior for the
database and individual sessions
• Specify different linguistic sorts for queries
• Retrieve data that matches a search string
ignoring case or accent differences
• Obtain Globalization support configuration
information
Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 2-3
2-3
Copyright
©
2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Globalization Support Features
• Language support
• Territory support
• Character set support
• Linguistic sorting
• Message support
• Date and time formats
• Numeric formats

• Monetary formats
Globalization Support Features
Different countries and geographies dictate different cultural conventions that directly affect data
formats. Globalization Support ensures that utilities and error messages, sort order, date, time,
monetary, numeric, and calendar conventions automatically adapt to the native language. Users
can interact, store, process, and retrieve data in their native languages and formats:
• Time zones can be used to support daylight savings time.
• National calendars such as Gregorian, Japanese, Imperial, and Thai Buddha are supported.
• Currency symbols reflect the local economy and ISO conventions. Credit and debit
symbols also differ from location to location.
Oracle Database currently supports 63 languages, 92 territories,64 linguistic sorts (51
monolingual and 13 multilingual), and 257 encoded character sets(41 Asian, 162 European, 50
Middle Eastern, and 4 Universal).
The language-dependent operations are controlled by a number of parameters and environment
variables on both the client and the server sides. The server and the client may run in the same or
different locations. When the client and the server use different character sets, the Oracle
Database handles character set conversion automatically.