oca oracle 10g administration i study guide 1z0-042 2005

OCA:
Oracle 10g™
Administration I
Study Guide
Chip Dawes
Bob Bryla
Joseph C. Johnson
Matthew Weishan
SYBEX®

OCA:

Oracle 10

g

Administration I

Study Guide

4367.book Page i Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

4367.book Page ii Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

San Francisco • London

OCA:

Oracle 10

g

™

Administration I

Study Guide

Chip Dawes
Bob Bryla
Joseph C. Johnson
Matthew Weishan

4367.book Page iii Monday, October 18, 2004 8:51 PM

Associate Publisher: Neil Edde
Acquisitions and Developmental Editor: Jeff Kellum
Production Editor: Mae Lum
Technical Editors: Christopher Guillaume, Robert Wahl
Copyeditor: Pat Coleman
Compositor: Craig Woods, Happenstance Type-O-Rama
Graphic Illustrator: Jeffrey Wilson, Happenstance Type-O-Rama
CD Coordinator: Dan Mummert
CD Technician: Kevin Ly
Proofreaders: James Brook, Sunah Cherwin, Amy Rasmussen, Nancy Riddiough
Indexer: Jack Lewis
Book Designers: Bill Gibson, Judy Fung
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Copyright © 2005 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. No
part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but

not limited to photocopy, photograph, magnetic, or other record, without the prior agreement and written per-
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ISBN: 0-7821-4367-9
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manner. This publication may be used in assisting students to prepare for an Oracle Certified Associate exam.
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4367.book Page iv Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

To Our Valued Readers:
Thank you for looking to Sybex for your Oracle 10g exam prep needs. The OCA certification

is designed to validate knowledge of basic database administration tasks and an understand-
ing of the Oracle database architecture and how its components work and interact with one
another. The OCA is also a prerequisite to becoming an OCP.
We at Sybex are proud of the reputation we’ve established for providing Oracle certification
candidates with the practical knowledge and skills needed to succeed in the highly competitive
IT marketplace. It has always been Sybex’s mission to teach individuals how to utilize tech-
nologies in the real world, not to simply feed them answers to test questions. Just as Oracle
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or suggestions, feel free to drop me a line directly at At Sybex, we’re con-
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Good luck in pursuit of your Oracle certification!
Neil Edde
Associate Publisher—Certification
Sybex, Inc.

4367.book Page v Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

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4367.book Page vi Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

To my children Zachary and Charlie, you bring joy to my life.
—Chip Dawes
To my three wonderful daughters: Rachel, Laura, and Alyssa
—Matthew Weishan
To Brenda and Emily

—Joseph C. Johnson
To Mary Christine and the kids
—Bob Bryla

4367.book Page vii Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Oracle for producing the great database software that this book is about,
as well as the Sybex team who did all the behind-the-scenes work on the book. We, the authors, get
our names on the cover of the book, but the following people helped significantly in creating this
Study Guide, and we want to thank and acknowledge their efforts: acquisitions and developmental
editor Jeff Kellum; production editor Mae Lum; copyeditor Pat Coleman; technical editors Chris
Guillaume and Bob Wahl; compositor Craig Woods of Happenstance Type-O-Rama; illustrator
Jeffrey Wilson of Happenstance Type-O-Rama; proofreaders James Brook, Sunah Cherwin, Amy
Rasmussen, and Nancy Riddiough; indexer Jack Lewis; and all the other unnamed individuals who
had a hand in bringing this book to fruition.
I’d like to thank the good software engineers at Oracle for developing and continuing to
improve a great software product. I’ve spent many good years learning about and teaching others
to use Oracle databases, and I still have so much more to learn.
Lastly and most importantly, I’d like to thank my family for the unceasing support I get
from them.
—Chip Dawes
I’d like to thank all the contributors to this book for their time and efforts. I’d also like to
thank the entire Sybex team for their input and assistance in the production of this work. The
third time has been a charm.
—Matthew Weishan
Many thanks to all those who helped me during the development of this book, in particular:
Tony Gastel, Gerry Bustamente, Stephen Deutsch, Brook Swenson, Tami Van Dreese, Jamie
Mudrick, Brenda, and Emily. Thanks too to my co-authors Chip, Bob, and Matt.

—Joseph C. Johnson
This book wouldn’t be possible without the love and support from my family throughout the
long nights and weekends when I still managed to find time to help the kids with their home-
work before bedtime. I loved every minute of it.
Thanks also to my professional colleagues, both past and present, who provided me with
inspiration, support, and guidance and who pushed me a little further to take a risk now and
then, starting with that math teacher in high school, whose name eludes me at the moment, who
introduced me to computers on a DEC PDP-8 with a teletype and a paper tape reader.
—Bob Bryla

4367.book Page viii Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

Contents at a Glance

Introduction xvii
Assessment Test xxx

Chapter 1

Oracle Database 10

g

Components and Architecture 1

Chapter 2

Creating and Controlling a Database 75

Chapter 3

Database Storage and Schema Objects 135

Chapter 4

Oracle Net Services 185

Chapter 5

Oracle Shared Server 269

Chapter 6

User Administration and Security 309

Chapter 7

Managing Data With SQL, PL/SQL, and Utilities 357

Chapter 8

Managing Consistency and Concurrency 401

Chapter 9

Proactive Database Maintenance and
Performance Monitoring 431

Chapter 10

Implementing Database Backups 499

Chapter 11

Implementing Database Recovery 543

Glossary

587

Index 605

4367.book Page ix Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

4367.book Page x Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

Contents

Introduction xvii
Assessment Test xxx

Chapter 1 Oracle Database 10

g

Components and Architecture 1

The Oracle Product Family 2
Oracle 10

g

3
Oracle Application Server 10

g

4
Oracle Developer Suite 4
Oracle Applications 11

i

5
Oracle Collaboration Suite 5
Oracle Services 5
Relational Database Concepts 6
Rows, Columns, Tables, and Databases 7
Relationships and Constraints 11
Other Segment Types 17
Interacting with Segments 19
The Oracle Architecture 25
User Processes 26
The Oracle Instance 28
The Oracle Database 38
Installing Oracle 10

g

48

Review the Documentation 48
Review the System Requirements 48
Plan Your Install 49
Using the Oracle Universal Installer 56
Summary 65
Exam Essentials 66
Review Questions 68
Answers to Review Questions 72

Chapter 2 Creating and Controlling a Database 75

The Oracle Enterprise Management Framework 76
Starting and Stopping the Oracle Management Agent 78
Accessing a Database Using the Database Control 80
Using

i

SQL*Plus 80
Using the Oracle Database Configuration Assistant 84
Creating an Oracle Database Using the DBCA 84
Configuring an Oracle Database Using DBCA 106
Deleting an Oracle Database Using DBCA 106
Managing Database Templates Using DBCA 107
Managing Parameter Initialization Files 109

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xii

Contents

Starting Up and Shutting Down an Oracle Database 111
Oracle 10

g

Database Startup 111
Shutting Down an Oracle 10

g

Database 117
Shutting Down Oracle Using EM Database Control 118
Shutting Down Oracle Using SQL*Plus 122
Monitoring the Database Alert Log 122
Summary 125
Exam Essentials 127
Review Questions 129
Answers to Review Questions 133

Chapter 3 Database Storage and Schema Objects 135

Identifying Segments, Extents, and Data Blocks 136
Managing Tablespaces 136
Identifying Default Tablespaces 137
Creating and Maintaining Tablespaces 138
Obtaining Tablespace Information 145
Managing Datafiles 151
Working with Schema Objects 152

Specifying Datatypes 152
Creating Tables 158
Working with Constraints 165
Working with Indexes 172
Working with Views 174
Working with Sequences 175
Summary 176
Exam Essentials 176
Review Questions 178
Answers to Review Questions 182

Chapter 4 Oracle Net Services 185

Network Design Considerations 186
Network Complexity Issues 186
Network Security Issues 187
Interfacing Existing Systems with New Systems 188
Network Responsibilities for the DBA 188
Network Configurations 189
Single-Tier Architecture 189
Two-Tier Architecture 190

N

-Tier Architecture

190

An Overview of Oracle Net Features 191
Connectivity 192

Manageability 193
Scalability 194

4367.book Page xii Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

Contents

xiii

Security 196
Accessibility 197
Configuring Oracle Net on the Server 198
Understanding the Oracle Listener 199
Managing Oracle Listeners 203
Dynamically Registering Services 224
Additional Configurations When Using Multiple Listeners 225
Troubleshooting Server-Side Connection Problems 227
Oracle Net Logging and Tracing on the Server 233
Configuring Oracle Net for the Client 238
Client-Side Names Resolution Options 238
The Hostnaming Method 239
The Oracle Easy Connect Naming Method 244
The Localnaming Method 246
Troubleshooting Client-Side Connection Problems 254
Summary 259
Exam Essentials 260
Review Questions 263
Answers to Review Questions 267

Chapter 5 Oracle Shared Server 269

An Overview of Oracle Shared Server 270
Dedicated Server versus Shared Server 271
Advantages and Disadvantages of Shared Server 273
Oracle Shared Server Infrastructure 274
PGA and SGA Changes When Using Oracle
Shared Server 274
The Role of the Listener in an Oracle Shared
Server Environment 276
Configuring the Oracle Shared Server 276
Defining the Shared Server Parameters 277
Configuring Shared Server at Database Creation 283
Configuring Shared Server Using Enterprise Manager 285
Managing Shared Server 288
Displaying Information about Shared Server
Connections Using the Listener Utility 288
Using Dynamic Performance Views for Shared Server 289
Requesting a Dedicated Connection in a
Shared Server Environment 294
Tuning the Shared Server Option 295
Configuring the Large Pool 296
Sizing the Large Pool 296
Determining Whether You Have Enough Dispatchers 297
Measuring How Long Users Are Waiting for Dispatchers 298
Determining Whether You Have Enough Shared Servers 299

4367.book Page xiii Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

xiv

Contents

Summary 300
Exam Essentials 301
Review Questions 302
Answers to Review Questions 306

Chapter 6 User Administration and Security 309

Creating and Managing User Accounts 310
Configuring Authentication 310
Assigning a Default Tablespace 312
Assigning a Temporary Tablespace 312
Assigning a Profile to a User 313
Removing a User from the Database 314
Granting and Revoking Privileges 314
Granting Object Privileges 314
Granting System Privileges 318
Role Privileges 324
Controlling Resource Usage by Users 327
Assigning Tablespace Quotas 328
Assigning Resource Limits with a Profile 328
Applying the Principle of Least Privilege 331
Managing Default User Accounts 333
Implementing Standard Password Security Features 334
Auditing Database Activity 336
Managing Statement Auditing 338
Managing Privilege Auditing 343
Managing Object Auditing 344
Purging the Audit Trail 345

Managing Fine-Grained Auditing 346
Summary 349
Exam Essentials 349
Review Questions 351
Answers to Review Questions 355

Chapter 7 Managing Data with SQL, PL/SQL, and Utilities 357

Manipulating Data through SQL 358
Using

INSERT

Statements 358
Using

UPDATE

Statements 361
Using

DELETE

Statements 362
Identifying PL/SQL Objects 363
Working with Functions 363
Working with Procedures 365
Working with Packages 365
Working with Triggering Events and Managing Triggers 367
Using and Administering PL/SQL Programs 371

4367.book Page xiv Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

Contents

xv

Configuring PL/SQL for Better Performance 373
Creating Directory Objects 374
Data Pump Overview 374
Using Data Pump to Export Data 375
Using Data Pump to Import Data 381
Monitoring the Progress of a Data Pump Job 388
Loading Data with SQL*Loader 388
Specifying SQL*Loader Command-Line Parameters 389
Specifying Control File Options 390
Summary 393
Exam Essentials 394
Review Questions 395
Answers to Review Questions 399

Chapter 8 Managing Consistency and Concurrency 401

Leveraging Undo Management 402
Understanding Undo Segments 403
Using Undo Data 405
Monitoring, Configuring, and Administering Undo 407
Monitoring Locking and Resolving Lock Conflicts 416
Understanding Locks and Transactions 416
Maximizing Data Concurrency 417

Detecting and Resolving Lock Conflicts 419
Summary 422
Exam Essentials 423
Review Questions 424
Answers to Review Questions 429

Chapter 9 Proactive Database Maintenance and
Performance Monitoring 431

Proactive Database Maintenance 432
Automatic Workload Repository 432
Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitoring 435
ADDM Diagnostic Advisors 445
ADDM Alerts 463
Performance Monitoring 471
Sources of Tuning Information 471
Storing Database Statistics in the Data Dictionary 480
Important Performance Metrics 485
Summary 489
Exam Essentials 491
Review Questions 492
Answers to Review Questions 497

4367.book Page xv Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

xvi

Contents

Chapter 10 Implementing Database Backups 499

Understanding and Configuring Recovery Components 501
Control Files 501
Understanding Checkpoints 505
Redo Log Files 506
Archived Redo Log Files 514
The Flash Recovery Area 518
Performing Backups 521
Understanding Backup Terminology 521
Backing Up the Control File 522
Using RMAN to Create Backups 525
Managing Backups 530
Catalog Maintenance 530
Monitoring the Flash Recovery Area 531
Automating Backups 532
Summary 534
Exam Essentials 534
Review Questions 536
Answers to Review Questions 540

Chapter 11 Implementing Database Recovery 543

Understanding Database Failure Types 544
Statement Failures 545
User Process Failures 545
Network Failures 546
User Error Failures 546
Instance Failures 547
Media Failures 547
Performing Recovery Operations 548

Understanding Instance Startup 548
Keeping an Instance from Failing 550
Recovering from Instance Failure 550
Tuning Instance Recovery 551
Recovering from User Errors 552
Recovering from Loss of a Control File 564
Recovering from Loss of a Redo Log File 566
Recovering from Loss of a System-Critical Datafile 569
Recovering from Loss of a Non–System-Critical Datafile 573
Summary 578
Exam Essentials 578
Review Questions 580
Answers to Review Questions 585

Glossary

587

Index 605

4367.book Page xvi Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

Introduction

There is high demand for professionals in the information technology (IT) industry, and Oracle
certifications are the hottest credentials in the database world. You have made the right decision
to pursue your Oracle certification, because achieving it will give you a distinct advantage in this
highly competitive market.
Most of you should already be familiar with Oracle and need no introduction to the Oracle
database world. Here’s some information for those who aren’t. Oracle, founded in 1977, sold

the first commercial relational database and is now the world’s leading database company and
second-largest independent software company, with revenues of more than $10 billion, serving
more than 145 countries.
Oracle databases are the de



facto standard for large Internet sites, and Oracle advertisers are
boastful but honest when they proclaim, “The Internet Runs on Oracle.” Almost all big Internet
sites run Oracle databases. Oracle’s penetration of the database market runs deep and is not
limited to dot-com implementations. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) application suites,
data warehouses, and custom applications at many companies rely on Oracle. The demand for
DBA resources remains higher than others during weak economic times.
This book is intended to help you pass the Oracle Database 10

g

: Administration I exam,
which will establish your credentials as an Oracle Database Administrator. The OCA certifica-
tion is a prerequisite to obtaining the more comprehensive Oracle Certified Professional (OCP)
certification and is the first step toward obtaining an Oracle Certified Master (OCM) certifica-
tion. Using this book and a practice database, you can acquire the necessary skills to pass the
1Z0-042 Oracle Database 10

g

: Administration I exam.

Why Become Oracle Certified?

The number one reason to become an OCA or OCP is to gain more visibility and greater access
to the industry’s most challenging opportunities. Oracle certification is the best way to demon-
strate your knowledge and skills in Oracle database systems.
Certification is proof of your knowledge and shows that you have the skills required to
support Oracle core products. The Oracle certification program can help a company identify
proven performers who have demonstrated their skills and who can support the company’s
investment in Oracle technology. It demonstrates that you have a solid understanding of your
job role and the Oracle products used in that role.
OCPs are among the best paid in the IT industry. Salary surveys consistently show the OCP
certification to yield higher salaries than other certifications, including Microsoft, Novell,
and Cisco.
So whether you are beginning your career, changing your career, or looking to secure your
position as a DBA, this book is for you!

4367.book Page xvii Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

xviii

Introduction

Oracle Certifications

Oracle certifications follow a track that is oriented toward a job role. There are database admin-
istration, application developer, and web application server administrator tracks. Within each
track, Oracle has a multitiered certification program.
Within the administration track, there are three tiers:


The first tier is the Oracle 10

g

Certified Associate (OCA). To obtain OCA certification, you
must pass the 1Z0-042 Oracle Database 10

g

: Administration I exam in a proctored setting.


The second tier is the Oracle 10

g

Certified Professional (OCP), which builds on and
requires OCA certification. To obtain OCP certification, you must attend an approved
Oracle University hands-on class and pass the 1Z0-043 Oracle Database 10

g

: Administra-
tion II exam in a proctored setting.


The third and highest tier is the Oracle 10

g

Certified Master (OCM), which builds on and
requires OCP certification. To obtain OCM certification, you must attend advanced-level

classes and take a two-day, hands-on practical exam.
The material in this book addresses only the Administration I exam. Other Sybex books—
which can be found at

www.sybex.com

—can help students new to the DBA world prepare for
the OCP exam Oracle Database 10

g

: Administration II exam (1Z0-043). You can also get infor-
mation on the Oracle upgrade exam, the Oracle Database 10

g

: New Features for Administra-
tors exam (1Z0-040).

See the Oracle website at

www.oracle.com/education/certification

for the
latest information on all of Oracle’s certification paths along with Oracle’s train-

ing resources.

Oracle DBA Certification

The role of the DBA has become a key to success in today’s highly complex database systems. The
best DBAs work behind the scenes, but are in the spotlight when critical issues arise. They plan, cre-
ate, maintain, and ensure that the database is available for the business. They are always watching
the database for performance issues and to prevent unscheduled downtime. The DBA’s job requires
broad understanding of the architecture of Oracle database and expertise in solving problems.
Because this book focuses on the DBA track, we will take a closer look at the tiers of the
DBA track.

Oracle Database 10

g

Administrator Certified Associate

The Oracle 10

g

Administrator Certified Associate (OCA) certification is a streamlined, entry-
level certification for the database administration track and is required to advance toward the
more senior certification tiers. This certification requires you to pass one exam that demon-
strates your knowledge of Oracle basics:


1Z0-042 Oracle Database 10

g

: Administration I

4367.book Page xviii Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

Introduction

xix

Oracle Database 10

g

Administrator Certified Professional

The OCP tier of the database administration track challenges you to demonstrate your enhanced
experience and knowledge of Oracle technologies. The Oracle 10

g

Administrator Certified Pro-
fessional (OCP) certification requires achievement of the OCA certification, attendance at one or
more approved Oracle University classes, and successful completion of the following exam:


1Z0-043 Oracle Database 10

g

: Administration II
The approved courses for OCP candidates include the following:


Oracle Database 10

g

: Administration I


Oracle Database 10

g

: Administration II


Oracle Database 10

g

: Introduction to SQL


Oracle Database 10

g

: New Features for Administrators


Oracle Database 10

g

: Program with PL/SQL
If you already have your OCP in 9

i

or earlier and have elected to take the upgrade path, you
are not required to take the Oracle University class to obtain your OCP for Oracle 10

g

.

Verify this list against the Oracle education website (

www.oracle.com/

education

) as it can change without any notice.

Oracle Database 10

g

Certified Master

The Oracle Database 10

g

Administration Certified Master (OCM) is the highest level of certi-
fication that Oracle offers. To become a certified master, you must first obtain OCP certifica-
tion, then complete advanced-level classes at an Oracle Education facility, and finally pass a
hands-on, two-day exam at an Oracle Education facility. The classes and practicum exam are
offered only at an Oracle Education facility and may require travel.

More details on the required coursework will be available in late 2004.

Oracle 10

g

Upgrade Paths

Existing Oracle professionals can upgrade their certification in several ways:


An Oracle9

i

OCP can upgrade to 10

g

certification by passing the 1Z0-040 Oracle Data-
base 10

g

: New Features for Administrators exam.


An Oracle8

i

OCP can upgrade directly to 10

g

by passing the 1Z0-045 Oracle Data–
base 10

g

: New Features for Oracle8

i

OCP exam.


Oracle7.3 and Oracle8 DBAs must first upgrade to an Oracle9

i

certification with the 1Z0-035

Oracle9

i

DBA: New Features for Oracle7.3 and Oracle8 OCP exam and then upgrade the 9

i

cer-
tification to 10

g

with the 1Z0-040 Oracle Database 10

g

: New Features for Administrators exam.

4367.book Page xix Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

xx

Introduction

Oracle Database 10

g

Administrator Special Accreditations

New to the Oracle certification program are the Oracle Database 10

g

Administrator Special
Accreditation programs. These accreditations formally recognize the specialized knowledge of
OCPs in particular database administration areas such as high availability, security, and 10

g


Grid Control. OCPs who pass one of these special accreditation exams receive a certificate that
formally recognizes their special competency.

Oracle Exam Requirements

The Oracle Database 10

g

: Administration I exam covers several core subject areas. As with
many typical multiple-choice exams, you can take advantage of several tips to maximize your
score on the exam.

Skills Required for the Oracle Database 10

g

: Administration I Exam

To pass the Oracle 10

g

Administration I exam, you need to master the following subject areas
in Oracle 10

g

:

Installing Oracle Database 10

g

Software

Identify system requirements.
Use Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA).
Install software with Oracle Universal Installer.
Identify and configure commonly used environment variables.

Oracle Database 10

g

DBA Assessment

Oracle also provides an optional (and free) prerequisite to all the proctored exams, which is

the Oracle Database 10

g

DBA Assessment online exam:


1Z0-041 Oracle Database 10

g

: DBA Assessment
This exam evaluates your proficiency with basic administration and management of an Oracle 10

g


database, and upon passing this online exam, you receive a certificate of completion from Oracle
University. Although anybody can take this exam, it is designed for those new to Oracle and is an
excellent measurement of how familiar you are with the new Oracle 10

g

database.

4367.book Page xx Friday, October 15, 2004 9:53 PM

Introduction

xxi

Creating an Oracle Database

Explain the Oracle database architecture.
Explain the instance architecture.
Use the management framework.
Use DBCA (Database Configuration Assistant) to create a database.
Use DBCA to configure a database.
Use DBCA to drop (or delete) a database.
Use DBCA to manage templates.

Database Interfaces

Use SQL*Plus and

i

SQL*Plus to access an Oracle 10

g

database.
Use SQL*Plus and

i

SQL*Plus to describe the logical structure of tables.
Use SQL to query, manipulate, and define data using

SELECT

,

UPDATE

/

INSERT

/

DELETE

,
and

CREATE/ALTER/DROP statements.
Identify common database interfaces.
Describe a database transaction.
Controlling the Database
Start and stop iSQL*Plus.
Start and stop Enterprise Manager (EM) Database Control.
Start and stop the Oracle Listener.
Start up and shut down Oracle Database 10g.
Describe startup and shutdown options for Oracle Database 10g.
Handle parameter files.
Locate and view the Database alert log.
Storage Structures
Define the purpose of tablespaces and datafiles.
Create tablespaces.

Manage tablespaces (alter, drop, generate DDL, take offline, put on line, add data files,
make read-only/read-write).
Obtain tablespace information from EM and the data dictionary views.
Drop tablespaces.
Describe the default tablespaces.
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xxii
Introduction
Administering Users
Create and manage database user accounts.
Create and manage roles.
Grant and revoke privileges.
Control resource usage by users.
Managing Schema Objects
Create and modify tables.
Define constraints.
View the attributes of a table.
View the contents of a table.
Create indexes and views.
Name database objects.
Select appropriate datatypes.
Create and use sequences.
Managing Data
Manipulate data through SQL using INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.
Use Data Pump to export data.
Use Data Pump to import data.
Load data with SQL*Loader.
Create directory objects.
PL/SQL
Identify PL/SQL (Procedural Language SQL) objects.

Describe triggers and triggering events.
Identify configuration options that affect PL/SQL performance.
Oracle Database Security
Apply the principle of least privilege.
Manage default user accounts.
Implement standard password security features.
Audit database activity.
Register for security updates.
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Introduction
xxiii
Oracle Net Services
Use Database Control to create additional listeners.
Use Database Control to create Oracle Net service aliases.
Use Database Control to configure connect time failover.
Use Listener features.
Use the Oracle Net Manager to configure client and middle-tier connections.
Use TNSPING to test Oracle Net connectivity.
Describe Oracle Net Services.
Describe Oracle Net names resolution methods.
Oracle Shared Servers
Identify when to use Oracle Shared Servers.
Configure Oracle Shared Servers.
Monitor Shared Servers.
Describe the Shared Server architecture.
Performance Monitoring
Troubleshoot invalid and unusable objects.
Gather optimizer statistics.
View performance metrics.
React to performance issues.

Proactive Maintenance
Set warning and critical alert thresholds.
Collect and use baseline metrics.
Use tuning and diagnostic advisors.
Use the Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM).
Manage the Automatic Workload Repository.
Describe server-generated alerts.
Undo Management
Monitor and administer undo.
Configure undo retention.
Guarantee undo retention.
Use the Undo Advisor.
Describe the relationship between undo and transactions.
Size the undo tablespace.
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xxiv
Introduction
Monitoring and Resolving Lock Conflicts
Detect and resolve lock conflicts.
Manage deadlocks.
Describe the relationship between transactions and locks.
Explain lock modes within Oracle Database 10g.
Backup and Recovery Concepts
Describe the basics of database backup, restore, and recovery.
Describe the types of failure that can occur in an Oracle 10g database.
Describe ways to tune instance recovery.
Identify the importance of checkpoints, redo log files, and archived log files.
Configure ARCHIVELOG mode.
Configure a database for recoverability.
Database Backups

Create consistent database backups.
Back up your database without shutting it down.
Create incremental backups.
Automate database backups.
Monitor the Flash Recovery area.
Describe the difference between image copies and backup sets.
Describe the different types of database backups.
Back up a control file to trace.
Manage backups.
Database Recovery
Recover from loss of a control file.
Recover from loss of a redo log file.
Recover from loss of a system-critical datafile.
Recover from loss of a non–system-critical datafile.
Tips for Taking the OCA Exam
Use the following tips to help you prepare for and pass the exam:

The exam contains about 55–80 questions to be completed in 90 minutes. Answer the ques-
tions you know first so that you do not run out of time.

At first glance, the answer choices to many questions look identical. Read the questions
carefully. Do not jump to conclusions. Make sure that you clearly understand exactly what
each question asks.
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