OCA oracle database 11g administrator certified associate study guide (1z0 052)

Covers Both the 1Z0-051 and 1Z0-052 Exams!
Includes Real-World Scenarios, Hands-On Exercises,
and Leading-Edge Exam Prep Software Featuring:

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ã Entire Book in PDF

OCA

Oracle Database 11g
Administrator Certied
Associate
STUDY GUIDE
đ

Exams 1Z0-051
and 1Z0-052
SERIOUS SKILLS.

Biju Thomas



OCA: Oracle Database 11g Administrator Certified
Associate Study Guide
1Z0-051 Exam Objectives
Objective

Chapter

Retrieving Data Using the SQL SELECT Statement

List the capabilities of SQL SELECT statements

1

Execute a basic SELECT statement

1

Restricting and Sorting Data

Limit the rows that are retrieved by a query
Sort the rows that are retrieved by a query
Use ampersand substitution to restrict and sort output at runtime

1
1
1

Using Single-Row Functions to Customize Output

Describe various types of functions available in SQL
Use character, number, and date functions in SELECT statements

2
2

Using Conversion Functions and Conditional Expressions

Describe various types of conversion functions that are available in SQL
Use the TO_CHAR, TO_NUMBER, and TO_DATE conversion functions
Apply conditional expressions in a SELECT statement

2
2
2

Reporting Aggregated Data Using the Group Functions

Identify the available group functions
Describe the use of group functions
Group data by using the GROUP BY clause
Include or exclude grouped rows by using the HAVING clause

3
3
3
3

Displaying Data from Multiple Tables

Write SELECT statements to access data from more than one table using
equijoins and nonequijoins
Join a table to itself by using a self-join
View data that generally does not meet a join condition by using outer joins
Generate a Cartesian product of all rows from two or more tables

4
4
4
4

Using Subqueries to Solve Queries

Define subqueries
Describe the types of problems that the subqueries can solve
List the types of subqueries
Write single-row and multiple-row subqueries
Exam specifications and content are subject to change at any time without
prior notice and at Oracle’s sole discretion. Please visit Oracle’s website ( http://
education.oracle.com) for the most current information on their exam content.

4
4
4
4


Objective

Chapter

Using the Set Operators

Describe set operators
Use a set operator to combine multiple queries into a single query
Control the order of rows returned

4
4
4

Manipulating Data

Describe each data manipulation language (DML) statement
Insert rows into a table
Update rows in a table
Delete rows from a table
Control transactions

5
5
5
5
5

Using DDL Statements to Create and Manage Tables

Categorize the main database objects
Review the table structure
List the data types that are available for columns
Create a simple table
Explain how constraints are created at the time of table creation
Describe how schema objects work

6
6

6
6
6
6

Creating Other Schema Objects

Create simple and complex views
Retrieve data from views
Create, maintain, and use sequences
Create and maintain indexes
Create private and public synonyms

7
7
7
7
7

1Z0-052 Exam Objectives
Objective

Chapter

Exploring the Oracle Database Architecture

Explain the Memory Structures
Describe the Process Structures
Overview of Storage Structures

8
8
8

Preparing the Database Environment

Identify the tools for Administering an Oracle Database
Plan an Oracle Database installation
Install the Oracle software by using Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)

8
8
8


Objective

Chapter

Creating an Oracle Database

Create a database by using the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA)

9

Managing the Oracle Instance

Setting database initialization parameters
Describe the stages of database startup and shutdown
Using alert log and trace files

Using data dictionary and dynamic performance views

9
9
9
9

Configuring the Oracle Network Environment

Configure and Manage the Oracle Network
Using the Oracle Shared Server architecture

11
11

Managing Database Storage Structures

Overview of tablespace and datafiles
Create and manage tablespaces
Space management in tablespaces

10
10
10

Administering User Security

Create and manage database user accounts
Grant and revoke privileges
Create and manage roles

Create and manage profiles

12
12
12
12

Managing Schema Objects

Create and Modify tables
Manage Constraints
Create indexes
Create and use temporary tables

10
10
10
10

Managing Data and Concurrency

Manage data using DML
Identify and administer PL/SQL objects
Monitor and resolve locking conflicts

13
13
13

Managing Undo Data

Overview of Undo
Transactions and undo data
Managing undo

13
13
13

Implementing Oracle Database Security

Database Security and Principle of Least Privilege
Work with Standard Database Auditing
Exam specifications and content are subject to change at any time without
prior notice and at Oracle’s sole discretion. Please visit Oracle’s website ( http://
education.oracle.com) for the most current information on their exam content.

12
12


Objective

Chapter

Database Maintenance

Use and manage optimizer statistics
Use and manage Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)
Use advisory framework

Manage Alerts and Thresholds

14
14
14
14

Performance Management

Use Automatic Memory Management
Use Memory Advisors
Troubleshoot invalid and unusable objects

14
14
14

Intelligent Infrastructure Enhancements

Use the Enterprise Manager Support Workbench
Managing Patches

17
17

Backup and Recovery Concepts

Identify the types of failure that can occur in an Oracle database
Describe ways to tune instance recovery
Identify the importance of checkpoints, redo log files, and archived log files

Overview of flash recovery area
Configure ARCHIVELOG mode

16
16
15
15
15

Performing Database Backups

Create consistent database backups
Back up your database without shutting it down
Create incremental backups
Automate database backups
Manage backups, view backup reports and monitor the flash recovery area

15
15
15
15
15

Performing Database Recovery

Overview of Data Recovery Advisor
Use Data Recovery Advisor to Perform recovery (Control file, Redo log file,
and Data file)

16

16

Moving Data

Describe and use methods to move data (Directory objects, SQL*Loader,
External Tables)
Explain the general architecture of Oracle Data Pump
Use Data Pump Export and Import to move data between Oracle databases

17
17
17


OCA

Oracle Database 11g
Administrator
Certified Associate
®

Study Guide



OCA

Oracle Database 11g
Administrator
Certified Associate

®

Study Guide

Biju Thomas


Disclaimer: This eBook does not include ancillary media that was packaged with the
printed version of the book.
Acquisitions Editor: Jeff Kellum
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ISBN: 978-0-470-39512-7
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Thomas, Biju.
OCA : Oracle database 11g administrator certified associate study guide (1Z0-051 and 1Z0-052) / Biju Thomas. — 1st ed.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-0-470-39512-7 (paper/cd-rom)
1. Electronic data processing personnel—Certification. 2. Database management—Examinations—Study guides. 3.
Oracle (Computer file) I. Title.
QA76.3.T5136 2009
005.75’75—dc22
2008052085
TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. Oracle

is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. All other trademarks are the property of their
respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1


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Study Guide (1ZO-051 and 1ZO-052). This book is part of a family of premium-quality
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To the loving memory of my father
To Joshua and Jeanette



Acknowledgments
Thanks first to Jeff Kellum and to Sybex for their faith in me to write this book. I would also
like to thank the following wonderful people at Sybex for their support, patience with my
slipping schedules, and good work: Denise Santoro Lincoln (developmental editor) for her
valuable comments, thoughtful edits, patience, and making sure the chapters have a smooth
flow; Eric Charbonneau (production editor) for making sure the various pieces of the book tie
together; Candace English for proofreading; and Pete Gaughan for managing the project.
I thank Kim Wimpsett (copy editor) for her edits and making sure the same standard is
followed across the book. I’m sure her edits made a difference to the look and feel of the chapters. I also thank Sybex and authors of the Introduction to Oracle9i SQL and Oracle Database 10g Administration I study guides for letting me reuse content from their books.
I am very fortunate and honored to have Arup Nanda as the technical editor. Thank you
very much for all your valuable suggestions and for pointing out the errors and inaccuracies in
the book. Your comments are invaluable. Thank you, Bob Bryla, for tech-reviewing the book
and making sure the chapters are technically accurate.
I could not have completed this book without the endless support and love of my wife,
Shiji. Thank you for engaging and taking care of the kids while I spent nights and weekends in
front of the computer.
Last but not least, I thank all my colleagues and management at OneNeck IT Services for
their friendship and support. My special thanks to Joe Hanna for all the encouragement.



About the Author

Biju Thomas   is an Oracle 7.3, Oracle8, Oracle8i, Oracle9i, Oracle 10g, and Oracle 11g OCP
certified professional. He is also a certified Oracle Database SQL Expert. Biju has been developing and administering Oracle databases since 1993, starting with Oracle version 6. He is
a senior database consultant at OneNeck IT Services Corporation (www.oneneck.com) and
resides in Keller, Texas. He maintains a website for DBAs at www.bijoos.com/oracle.



Contents at a Glance
Introduction

xxv

SQL Fundamentals I Assessment Test

xxxv

Administration I Assessment Test

li

Part I

Oracle Database 11g: SQL Fundamentals I

1

Chapter 1

Introducing SQL

3

Chapter 2

Using Single-Row Functions

Chapter 3

Using Group Functions

147

Chapter 4

Using Joins and Subqueries

197

Chapter 5

Manipulating Data

251

Chapter 6

Creating Tables and Constraints

287

Chapter 7

Creating Schema Objects

341

Part II

Oracle Database 11g: Administration I

Chapter 8

Introducing Oracle Database 11g Components
and Architecture

391

Chapter 9

Creating an Oracle 11g Database

449

Chapter 10

Allocating Database Storage and Creating Schema Objects 523

Chapter 11

Understanding Network Architecture

591

Chapter 12

Implementing Security and Auditing

661

Chapter 13

Managing Data and Undo

717

Chapter 14

Maintaining the Database and Managing Performance

765

Chapter 15

Implementing Database Backups

839

Chapter 16

Recovering the Database

889

Chapter 17

Moving Data and Using EM Tools

935

Appendix

About the Companion CD

63

389

1003

Glossary

1007

Index

1029



Contents

Introduction

xxv

SQL Fundamentals I Assessment Test

xxxv

Administration I Assessment Test

li

Part I

Oracle Database 11g: SQL Fundamentals I

1

Introducing SQL

3

Chapter

1

SQL Fundamentals
SQL Tools: SQL*Plus
Oracle Datatypes
Operators and Literals

Writing Simple Queries
Using the SELECT Statement
Limiting Rows
Sorting Rows
Using Expressions
Accepting Values at Runtime
Using Substitution Variables
Saving a Variable for a Session
Using Positional Notation for Variables
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter

2

4
6
15
20
23
24
28
38
43
47
47
49
50

51
52
53
61

Using Single-Row Functions

63

Single-Row Function Fundamentals
Functions for NULL Handling
Using Single-Row Character Functions
Character Function Overview
Character Function Descriptions
Using Single-Row Numeric Functions
Numeric Function Overview
Numeric Function Descriptions
Using Single-Row Date Functions
Date-Format Conversion
Date-Function Overview
Date-Function Descriptions
Using Single-Row Conversion Functions
Conversion-Function Overview
Conversion-Function Descriptions

64
65
68
68
70

80
80
82
90
91
91
92
101
102
103


xvi 

Contents

Using Other Single-Row Functions
Miscellaneous-Function Overview
Miscellaneous-Function Descriptions
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions

Chapter

3

4

Using Group Functions

147

Group-Function Fundamentals
Utilizing Aggregate Functions
Grouping Data with GROUP BY
Group-Function Overview
Group-Function Descriptions: Part 1
Group-Function Descriptions: Part 2
Limiting Grouped Data with HAVING
Creating Superaggregates with CUBE and ROLLUP
Nesting Functions
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions

Chapter

123
123
124
136
137
138
144

148
149

150
154
156
163
176
177
184
187
187
188
195

Using Joins and Subqueries

197

Writing Multiple-Table Queries
Inner Joins
Cartesian Joins
Outer Joins
Other Multiple-Table Queries
Using Set Operators
The UNION Operator
The UNION ALL Operator
The INTERSECT Operator
The MINUS Operator
Putting It All Together
Subqueries
Single-Row Subqueries
Multiple-Row Subqueries

Subquery Returns No Rows
Correlated Subqueries
Scalar Subqueries
Multiple-Column Subqueries
Subqueries in Other DML Statements
Summary
Exam Essentials

198
199
208
210
214
216
217
218
219
219
219
221
222
223
226
227
228
235
236
238
238

Contents 

xvii

Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions

Chapter

5

6

Manipulating Data

251

Using DML Statements
Inserting Rows into a Table
Updating Rows in a Table
Deleting Rows from a Table
Merging Rows
Understanding Transaction Control
Savepoints and Partial Rollbacks
Data Visibility
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions

Chapter

240
249

252
253
259
263
265
267
269
271
274
274
276
285

Creating Tables and Constraints
Database Objects Overview
Schema Objects
Built-in Datatypes
Character Datatypes
Numeric Datatypes
Date and Time Datatypes
Date Arithmetic
Binary Datatypes
Row ID Datatypes
Creating Tables

Naming Tables and Columns
Specifying Default Values for Columns
Adding Comments
Creating a Table from Another Table
Modifying Tables
Adding Columns
Modifying Columns
Renaming Columns
Dropping Columns
Dropping Tables
Renaming Tables
Making Tables Read-Only
Managing Constraints
Creating Constraints
Dropping Constraints
Enabling and Disabling Constraints
Deferring Constraint Checks

287
288
289
290
291
294
295
299
301
302
303
303

306
308
308
310
310
313
314
314
316
316
317
319
319
324
325
327


xviii 

Contents

Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter

7

331
332
333
338

Chapter

341

Creating and Modifying Views
Using Defined Column Names
Creating Views with Errors
Creating Read-Only Views
Creating Constraints on Views
Modifying Views
Dropping a View
Using Views
Creating and Managing Sequences
Creating and Dropping Sequences
Using Sequences
Altering Sequences
Creating and Managing Synonyms
Creating and Dropping Synonyms
Resolving Object References
Creating and Managing Indexes
How Indexes Work
Using B-Tree Indexes
Using Bitmap Indexes
Dropping Indexes
Summary

Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions

Part II

Creating Schema Objects

342
344
345
346
347
347
349
350
360
360
361
365
366
367
369
371
371
372
373
373
378
379

380
386

Oracle Database 11g: Administration I
8

389

Introducing Oracle Database 11g
Components and Architecture

391

Oracle Database Fundamentals
Relational Databases
Oracle Database 11g Objects
Interacting with Oracle 11g
Oracle 11g Architecture
User Processes
The Oracle Instance
Oracle Storage Structures

392
393
394
395
398
400
402
415

Contents 

xix

Installing Oracle 11g
Review the Documentation
Review the System Requirements
Plan Your Install
Using the Oracle Universal Installer
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter

9

424
424
424
425
430
440
441
442
446

Creating an Oracle 11g Database

449

Using DBCA to Create Oracle 11g Databases
Invoking the Database Configuration Assistant
Configuring an Oracle Database Using the DBCA
Deleting an Oracle Database Using the DBCA
Managing Database Templates Using the DBCA
Working with Oracle 11g Metadata
Data Dictionary Views
Dynamic Performance Views
Managing Initialization-Parameter Files
Locating the Default Parameter File
Modifying Initialization-Parameter Values
Starting Up and Shutting Down an Oracle Instance
Starting Up an Oracle 11g Database
Shutting Down an Oracle 11g Database
Monitoring the Database Alert Log
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter

10

450
451
481
482

483
485
485
487
488
493
493
498
498
503
506
514
515
516
520

Allocating Database Storage and Creating Schema
Objects
523
Tablespaces and Data Files Overview
Managing Tablespaces
Identifying Default Tablespaces
Creating and Maintaining Tablespaces
Obtaining Tablespace Information
Managing Data Files
Performing Operations on Data Files
Using the Oracle Managed Files Feature
Querying Data-File Information

524

526
526
527
541
546
546
550
555