Nghiên cứu sản phẩm sữa bổ sung kẽm, canxi và lysine cho trẻ em 4 5 tuổi

BOYTE
VIEN DINH
DirONG
/O V
BAO CAO
DE
TAI
Nghien cuu san pham
sGa
bo sung kem,
canxi,
lysine
cho tre 4
-
5 tuoi.
Chu nhiem de tai: ThS. Nguyln Thi Hong Minh
Co quan
chii
tri:
Vien Dinh duong
Dia chi : 48B Tang Bat Ho
Hanoi
12/2008
A/j/oi'i/il}
Mtf
dau
Suy dinh duang tre em la moi quan tam chung
ciia
nhieu
qu6c
gia tren the giai. Hien nay,

uac
tinh
CO
khoang 178 trieu tre em duai 5 tuoi bi suy dinh duang the thap coi. Dac biet, a vung
Trung va Dong Phi ty le tre em suy dinh duang thip coi len
d8n
42% - 50%. 74 trieu tre em bj
thap coi song a Nam va Trung A [1].
C)
nhieu nuac tren thd giai, suy dinh duang van la nguyen
nhan hang dau dan den tu vong a tre nho. Thieu dinh duang vua phai va keo dai dang la tra ngai
cho
sir
phat trien ve the chat va tri tue con nguai, vi vay viec thanh toan nan doi va suy dinh
duang la muc tieu trong tam
[2].
Nhieu nghien cuu tren
the
giai da chung minh viec cho tre
bii
me hoan toan trong 6 thang
diu
sau khi sinh, cham soc y te, phong chong nhiem
khu4n
va cho tre an bo sung day
dii
so
lugng
va
chat luang la cac yeu to lien quan chat che tai tinh trang dinh duang cua tre sau nay.

Theo khuyen nghi cua WHO, thai gian thich
hgp
nhit
d6 hk
dhu cho tre an
b6
sung la sau 6
thang. Tre dugc an bo sung diing thang tuoi se phong cac benh coi xuang, suy dinh duang va
thieu mau vi
then
diem nay sua me khong du thoa man nhu chu ngay cang tang cua ca the tre,
dac biet la cac nhu cau ve vitamin va khoang chat. Tuy lugng can rat nho, chi khoang vai
miligam moi ngay nhung thieu vitamin va khoang chat se lam roi loan chuyen hoa trong ca the
va gay ra nhieu benh dac hieu. Sua bgt la mot loai thuc pham cung cap tuang doi day
dii
va can
doi cac duang chat cho tre vi vay viec cho tre an bo sung them siia la rat can thiet de giiip tre
phat trien toan dien.
Sua la san pham uong lien lai rat giau thanh phan dinh duang, de
hiit
am, vi vay viec quan li chat
lugng sua khi san xuat la rat can thiet.
HACCP la cong cu quan li ve sinh an toan thuc pham thuc
sir
co hieu qua. La he thong co kha
nang ngan
ngira
mot
each
chu dgng nguy ca 6 nhiem thuc pham trong qua trinh san xuat, che

bien tao ra thuc pham an toan. Ap dung he thong HACCP, nguai tieu dung se giam nguy ca
nhiem cac benh truyen qua thuc pham, tang
sir
tin cay vao viec cung cap thuc pham, cai thien
chat lugng cuoc song. Lgi ich doi vai doanh nghiep la tang so lugng
nguofi
tieu dung va do tin
cay cua chinh phu, dam bao gia ca, tang kha nang canh tranh tiep thi, giam chi phi do san pham
hong va phai thu hoi, cai tien qua trinh san xuat va dieu kien moi truang, cai tien nang
lire
quan
li,
dam bao an toan thuc pham, tang ca hoi kinh doanh [3].
Mac du tren thi
truong
co rat nhieu loai sua, nhung gia
ciia
cac loai siia noi chung la rat cao.
Vigc
nghien cuu san xuat sura bgt co bo sung cac vi chat can doi de cung cap day du duang chat
va cai thien chieu cao
ciia
tre vai gia hgp li dong vai tro quan trgng nhu mot giai phap de can
thiep phong chong suy dinh duang, vi vay chiing toi tien hanh de tai
^''Nghien ciru
xay dung
vd
hodn
tfiien
qui trinh san xuat

sira
bgt co bo sung kem, canxi, lysine
va
prebiotic cho tre tir
1
-
5 tudi".
Ngi dung nghien
ciiu
ciia de tai bao gom:
* Nghien cim xay dung cong thiic premix va cong thiic phoi tron de tao san pham
siia
bgt danh
cho tre tir
1
- 5 tuoi
* Xay dung qui trinh san xuat sua bgt va theo doi chat lugng
ciia
san pham theo thai gian bao
quan
* Buac dau xay dung tai lieu quan li san xuat sira an toan VSTP theo HACCP code 2003
Phan I: TONG QUAN
1.1. Vai tro cua vi chat dinh
du-ong
va prebiotic
Ty le suy dinh duang thap coi
ciia
tre em Viet Nam
chi8m
1/3, dac biet la

v^
chieu cao cua tre
em nong thon va cac dan tgc thieu so
[4].
Nguyen nhan chinh do thiic an bo sung
ciia
tre thieu ve
so lugng va chdt lugng,
nhSt
la a vung nong thon ngheo.
DS
cai thien tinh trang dinh duang cho
tre em, ngoai viec
chii
y cung cap day
dii
cac chat dinh duang nhu protein, gluxit,
lipit
ma con
dam bao day dii cac yitamin va khoang chdt. Tuy la nhom chdt khong sinh nang lugng nhung
vitamin va khoang chat co vai tro vo cung quan trgng vai ca
th6,
dac biet vai tre em.
Vitamin la cdu
tii
cua cac men can thiet cho qua trinh
chuyen
hoa vat chdt trong ca the. Nhieu
vitamin ca the khong the
tir

tong hgp dugc ma phai dua tir thiic an vao ca
th8.
Thieu viatmin anh
huang nhieu tai su phat trien,
sue
khoe va gay nhilu benh dac hieu.
He thong mien dich dac
bietrihay
cam vai tinh trang kem
ciia
ca thg. Thieu kem gay suy giam
mien dich, lam anh huang xau den
sir
phat trien va chiic nang
ciia
hdu het cac te bao miln dich.
Kem tham gia vao thanh phan cua tren 300 enzyme kim loai, co vai tro
di6u
hoa hoat dgng
ciia
mot so loai hormon. Thieu kem thuang gay ra mot so bieu hien lam sang nhu: luai an, giam kha
nang mien dich, ton thuang da va niem mac, cham phat trien the
lire.
Thong ke nhirng nghien curu
chung tren the gidi cho tha'y bo sung kem lam giam 30 - 60% so lan mdc benh tieu chay,
miic
do
nang ciia benh cung giam co y nghia, tac dung ciia bo sung kem lam giam so lan mdc benh tieu
chay keo dai sau 2 -3 thang bo sung [5]. WHO
udc

tinh co khoang tren 30% tre em dudi 5 tuoi bi
thieu kem va
thucmg
tap trung a
nhOng nude
co thu nhap thap [6].
Trong
CO
the canxi chiem vi tri dac biet, canxi chiem 1/3 khoi lugng chat khoang trong ca the va
98%
canxi nam a xuang va rang - la thanh phan co ban
ciia
xuong va rang. Cho nen doi vai tre
em canxi rat can thiet vi chiing co bg xuong dang phat trien. Mot so nghien
ciiu
a Nhat cho thay
khau phan an ngheo canxi thuang ket hgp vai chieu cao thap. Khau phan ngheo canxi thuang ket
hgp vai thap protein, mot yeu to quan trgng cho su phat trien co the va phat trien xuong.
Lysine la mot trong cac axit amin can thiet cho ca the ma ca the khong tu tong hgp dugc. Lysine
giiip tre an ngon mieng, gia tang chuyen hoa, tang cuong hap thu, duy tri canxi, ngan can su bai
tiet chat khoang nay ra khoi ca the
[7].
Vi vay, thieu Lysine co the khien tre cham lan, bieng an,
giam tang truang chieu cao.
Cac ket qua nghien
ciiu
cho thay trong ca the tre dang trong giai doan tang truang, vi khuan tot
trong he tieu hoa co xu huong giam. Dong thdi, khi tre ngay cang tiep xuc nhieu hon vdi moi
trudng ben ngoai, cac vi khuan gay benh de dang xam nhap vao ca the. Khi so lugng vi khuan
gay benh manh hon vi khuan tot, he mien dich suy giam, ca the se yeu di va tre de bi nhiem

benh. De kich thich
sir
tang trudng
ciia
vi khuan cd lgi cd the diing chat xa nhu oligosaccharit
(FOS/inullin)
la loai thiic an cho vi khuan cd lgi phat trien. Day la Prebiotic cd tac dung gian tiep
giiip tang cudng he mien dich.
Sfta
da dugc cong nhan la mot thuc pham hoan hao nhat trong thien nhien, vi trong sira cd
dii
cac
chat dinh duang can thiet giiip cho
sir
tang trudng cua co the va de dugc ca the hap thu. Ngoai
cac thanh phan chinh la protein, lactoza, lipit, mudi khoang cdn cd tat ca cac loai vitamin
chii
yeu, cac enzim, cac nguyen td vi lugng khdng the thay the. Protein cua sua rat dac biet, cd
chiia
nhieu va hai hda cac axit amin can thiet. Lipit
ciia
sua giii vai trd quan trgng trong dinh duang,
chiing chiia nhieu nhdm axit beo khac nhau, chiia nhieu vitamin va cd do tieu hda cao do cd
nhiet dg ndng chay thap va chat beo d dudi dang cac cau ma cd kich thudc nhd. Nhu vay, siia la
thiic an can thiet cho
sir
phat trien va tang trudng cua tre em, sir dung sua nhu la thirc an bo sung
cho tre giiip du phdng suy dinh dudng la can thilt.
1.2. Tinh hinh nghien
ciru

va san xuat thirc pham dinh
dvotig
o"
Viet Nam
Theo ket qua dieu tra cua vien dinh dudng, thuc phdm che biln thiic an cho tre d Viet Nam chu
ylu la gao, cac thirc an giau dinh dudng khac (thiic an dgng vat va rau xanh) chi dugc 22,3%
(VpD - TCTK 2005). Trong khi nhieu
nude
trong khu vuc va tren
thi
gidi da
sii
dung cac thuc
pham cd tang cudng vi chat cho tre em d Viet Nam vdn cdn han
chi
vl loai san phdm ciing nhu
pham vi sir dung. Gdp phdn phdng va dilu tri suy dinh dudng tre em, Vien Dinh dudng da tim
hieu, nghien cuu cac quy trinh cdng nghe san xudt mdt sd san phdm dinh dudng cho tre em nhdm
tao ra cac san pham dinh dudng cd chat lugng trong thdi gian qua nhu bgt dinh dudng, banh qui
tang cudng vi chat, vien
pepsin Hieu
qua
ciia
cac san phdm nay da dugc danh gia va cho
kit
qua rdt tdt [8, 9]. Theo nghien
ciiu
cua Ninh va cs
(1996),
da bd sung kem cho tre em tir 4 - 36

thang tudi bi suy dinh dudng, cho tre em d
liia
tudi bdt ddu an bd sung (5-7 thang tudi), da nhan
thay tre suy dinh dudng dugc bd sung kem cd
miic
do tang can va chilu cao tdt hon, ty le mdc
tieu chay thap hon nhdm kiem chiing
[10].
1.3. Dac diem thi
trirong
sira
a
Viet Nam
Trong tu nhien khdng cd san pham thuc pham nao ma thanh phan dinh dudng lai
kit
hgp hai hoa
nhu sua. Viec tieu thu sua tren the gidi ngay mdt tang. Tdng san lugng sua toan cdu nam 2007
udc tinh 678 trieu tdn, tang 2,3% so vdi nam 2006. San xuat sua phat triln manh d Chau A vdi
san lugng udc tinh tang 5% trong nam 2007 (Food Outlook, N-02, 2007).
Hien nay thi trudng sua Viet Nam da cd gan 20 hang ndi dia va rat nhieu doanh nghiep phan
phdi sua. Tdng lugng tieu thu sua Viet Nam lien tuc tang manh tir
15%
- 20%/nam, theo du bao
den nam
2010 miic
tieu thu sua tai thi trudng se tang gap ddi va tiep tuc tang gap ddi vao nam
2020.
Vi vay, san xuat siia van la mot tiem nang. Do ngudn nguyen lieu trong
nude
cung cap

khdng du nen phan ldn nguyen lieu
ciia
cac nha may sua d
nude
ta dugc nhap khau.
1.4. He thong HACCP
HACCP viet tat cua cum tir Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points la he thdng quan ly chat
lugng dua tren ca sd phan tich cac mdi nguy va cac diem kiem soat tdi han. Dd la cdng cu phan
tich nham bao dam an toan ve sinh va chat lugng thuc pham. Cdng cu nay cho phep tap trung
ngudn
lire
ky thuat, chuyen mdn vao nhung budc che bien cd anh hudng quyet dinh den an toan
chat lugng thuc pham. Phan tich HACCP se dua ra danh muc nhimg diem kiem soat tdi han
CCPs
cimg
vdi nhung muc tieu phdng ngira, cac thu tuc theo ddi, giam sat va nhimg tac ddng
dieu chinh
timg
diem kiem soat tdi han.
He thdng HACCP da dugc nhieu td chiic qudc te (nhu: Vien han lam Khoa hgc qudc gia My,
Lfy
ban Tu van Qudc gia ve tieu chuan vi triing hgc va thuc pham, Uy ban Thuc pham Codex
WHO/FAO) thira nhan va xem la he thdng him hieu nhat de cd the vira dam bao an toan, vira
dam bao chat lugng cam quan
ciia
cac san pham thuc pham.
Tai Viet Nam, khai niem HACCP dugc tiep can tir nhiing nam dau
ciia
thap ki 90
ciia

the ki XX.
Vdi muc tieu bao ve
siic
khde nhan dan, md rgng thi trudng, nhat la khi
nude
ta da gia nhap td
chiic thuang mai the gidi WTO, nhieu nganh va doanh nghiep, nhat la doanh nghiep san xuat sira
da cd rat nhilu hoat ddng thiet thuc de thiic day qua trinh ddi mdi he thdng quan ly chat lugng va
an toan ve sinh thuc pham, dac biet la ap dung HACCP, timg budc thay the cho
each
kiem soat
chat lugng truyen thdng la dua tren kiem tra san pham cudi ciing.
Ap dung he thdng HACCP mang lai nhieu lgi ich, nhu:
- Lgi ich ddi vdi ngudi tieu diing: giam nguy co cac benh truyen qua thuc pham; nang cao nhan
thiic ve ve sinh co ban; tang
sir
tin cay vao viec cung cap thuc pham; cai thien cudc song trong
ITnh
vuc
siic
khde va kinh tl - xa hdi.
- Lgi ich vdi nganh cdng nghiep: tang sd lugng ngudi tieu dimg va do tin cay
ciia
Chinh phu; bao
dam
^ia
ca; tang kha nang canh tranh va tilp thi; giam chi phi do giam san phdm hdng va phai
thu hdi; cai tien qua trinh san xudt va dieu kien mdi trudng; cai tiln nang
lire
quan ly bao dam an

toan thuc pham; tang ca hdi kinh doanh va xudt, nhap khdu thuc phdm.
- Lgi ich vdi Chinh
phii:
cai thien
siic
khde cdng dong, nang cao hieu qua va kilm soat thuc
pham; giam chi phi cho
siic
khde cdng ddng.
- Lgi ich vdi doanh
nghi?p:
nang cao uy tin chdt lugng doi vdi san phdm cua minh, tang tinh
canh tranh, kha nang chiem
linh
va md rdng thi trudng, dac biet ddi vdi thuc phdm xudt khdu.
Dugc phep in tren nhan ddu chiing nhan
phii
hgp he thdng HACCP, tao
Idng
tin vdi ngudi tieu
dung va ban hang, lam can
cii
de ca quan kiem tra chat lugng ve sinh an toan thuc phdm xem xet
che do giarn kiem tra ddi vdi cac
Id
san pham; la co sd bao dam dieu kien thuan lgi cho viec dam
phan, ky ket hgp ddng thuang mai trong
nude
cung nhu xuat khau va la ca sd cua chinh sach uu
tien dau tu, dao tao

ciia
Nha nude ciing nhu cac ddi tac nude ngoai [3].
Phan II: NGUYEN LIEU VA
PHU'ONG
PHAP NGHIEN
ClTU
2.1.
Nguyen lieu
- Sira bgt nguyen lieu cua New Zealand, Australia, Trung Quoc dat tieu chudn ve sinh an toan
thuc pham.
- Fremix: vitamin, khoang chat, lysine, FOS dat tieu chuan ve do tinh khiet theo mot trong nhimg
tieu chuan: USP (The United States Pharmacopeia), BPC (British Pharmaceutical Codex),
FAO/WHO hoac chirng chi tuong duong.
- Nguyen lieu khac: dudng, chat beo siia.
- Tlii mang thiec
2.2.
Phirong phap nghien
cihi
2.2.1 Nghien
ciru
xay
dirng
cong thirc san xuat sira hot
2.2.1.1
Lira
chon sira hot nguyen lieu
Siia bgt nguyen lieu phai la sira bgt hoa tan nhanh, cd mau sac,
miii
vi tu nhien
ciia

siia va thanh
phan dinh dudng
phii
hgp vdi tre.
Phan tich mot sd thanh phan cua sira bdt nguyen lieu dugc chgn.
2.2.1.2 Xac dinh ti le phoi tron cac loai nguyen lieu
Xac dinh ti le phdi trdn cua sira bdt nguyen kem, siia bdt gay, chat beo siia sao cho 3 thanh phan
ca ban la protein, lipit cho mdi lan sir dung 45g (200ml sira) dap
iing
20 - 30% nhu cau khuyen
nghi cua tre tir 1-5 tudi. Du kien thanh phan siia thanh pham cd ham lugng protein va lipid tir
16
- 20%.
Dua ra 4 ti le phdi trdn khac nhau.
Danh gia cam quan theo phep thir cho diem chat lugng (tieu chuan TCVN 3215 - 79) de tim ra ti
le phdi trdn cho san pham cd tinh chat cam quan tdt va thanh phan protein, lipit hgp li.
2.2.1.3 Xay
dirng
cong thirc Premix va ti le phoi tron ciia Premix vdi sira hot nguyen lieu
Dua tren nhu cau dinh dudng khuyen nghi cho ngudi Viet Nam
2007,
dua tren khuyen nghi ve
vitamin, khoang chat cua WHO/FAO - 2002 ddi vdi tre tir
1
- 5 tudi, du kien ham lugng vitamin
va khoang chat cua siia thanh pham.
Lira
chgn ty le dudng, huong lieu, premix, lysine, FOS - inullin vdi siia nguyen lieu de:
- Ham lugng lysine trong
45

g (200ml sira) dap
iing
ham lugng can duy tri theo khuyen nghi cua
WHO/FAO
ddi vdi tre tir 1- 5 tudi (lugng lysine can duy tri
3 Img/kg/ngay)
- Ham lugng vitamin va khoang chat trong 45g (200ml siia) dap ung 20 - 30% nhu cau cua tre tir
1-5 tudi.
- Bd sung them FOS - inullin de ham lugng chat xa hda tan trong siia thanh pham dat 5%.
- Bo sung them cac phu gia (dudng, huong lieu) de dap
iing
thi hieu cua ngudi tieu diing
Danh gia cam quan siia cdng thiic da trdn nguyen lieu phu (dudng, lysine) theo phuang phap cho
diem thi hieu (thang diem
1
- 5) de
lira
chgn siia cd chat lugng cam quan tdt nhat.
2.2.2 Xay
dung
quy
trinh
san xuat sira hot
2.2.2.1 Quy trinh san xuat sira hot
du-
kien
Siia bdt nguyen
lieu, FOS/inullin,
dudng
Dinh

liTdng
Lysine, premix,
Dinh
lUdng
Trdn cap 1
hdn hgp premix, lysine
Trdn cap 2
Ddng gdi
2.2.2.2 Danh gia chat
lirong sira bpt
san xuat
- Phuang phap danh gia cam quan:
+ Phep thir cho diem thi hieu (thang diem 1-5) nhu sau:
1:
Rdt ghet 4: Thich
2:Ghet
5:
Rdt thich
3:
Khdng thich, khdng ghet
so sanh
miic
do yeu thich
ciia
siia thanh pham vdi cac san pham sira hien cd tren thi trudng. Nlu
ket qua phan tich cd F
>Ftc
(Tuong quan phuang sai tra bang) thi chat lugng cac mau khac nhau
cd nghia
[11].

Hdi ddng danh gia cam quan gdm
10
chuyen gia.
+ Theo phep thir cho dilm chdt lugng (tieu chudn TCVN 3215 - 79) Thanh lap mdt hdi
dong danh gia gom 10 chuyen gia cd ky thuat va kinh nghiem v6 danh gia cam quan, danh gia
bdng phuang phap cho diem theo thang diem tir 0
—
5 cac chi tieu cam quan da dinh
sSn
cho sd
mdu xac dinh.
(miic
0 la san pham khdng dugc cha'p nhan,
miic
5 la
miic
san pham dat do hoan
thien cao nha't - cd quy dinh cu the theo TCVN 3215 - 79) [11].
Chat lugng san phdm dugc
tinh
la diem trung binh cua timg chi tieu nhan vdi he so trgng
lugng cua nd.
Diem cha't lugng cia cac san pham cd gia tri tir 0 de'n 20 theo 6
miic
chat luong sau:
Tdt: 18,6- 20,0 Trung binh:
11,2
- 15,1 Rat kem: 4,0 - 7,1
Kha: 15,2-18,5 Kem: 7,2-11,1 Hdng: 0-3,9
- Phuong phap phan tich:

angZ.l:
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
*hu-ong
phap phan tich cac thanh phan cua sira hot
Ten chi tieu
Dd am
Ham lugng Gluxit
Ham lugng Lipit
Ham lugng Protein
Ham lugng Canxi
Ham lugng Kem
Ham lugng Lysine
Tdng sd
VSV hieu

khi
Tdng sd Conforms
E.coli
S.aureus
B.cereus
Samonella
L.
monocytogenes
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Phirong phap
Do bdng may do do dm
(H/QT/19.62)
KNLTTP - 75
KNLTTP - 75
NMKL
N"6
AAS(H/QT/19.93)
AAS(H/QT/19.52)
HPLC(H/QT/19.46)
TCVN 4884: 2001
TCVN 4882: 2001
TCVN 6846: 2001
TCVN 4830: 1989
TQBYT
3350: 2001
TCVN 4829: 2001
ISO 11290-1 -2: 1996
AOAC 2000
AOAC 2000

2.2.3 Xay dung
hf
thong tai lieu quan li san xuat sira theo HACCP code 2003
- Thanh lap dgi HACCP
- Soan thao tai lieu quan li san xudt sira theo HACCP bao gdm 12 budc ap dung HACCP.
Phan III: KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1.
Nghien
ciru
xay dung cong thirc san xuat sira
bpt
3.1.1
Lira
chon sira
bQt
nguyen
lif
u
Thi trudng sira bdt nguyen lieu d Viet Nam rdt phong
phii
va da dang, trong dd sira bgt nguyen
kem la san pham cd nhieu nhat. Ngudn nguyen lieu siia bdt
chii
yeu dugc nhap tir cac
nude
New
Zealand, Australia, Trung
Qudc vdi
hai loai siia bgt la sira bdt tan nhanh va sua bdt. Thanh
phan, ti le cac chat trong nguyen lieu siia bdt cua cac nude khac nhau la khac nhau, tham chi

nguyen lieu ciing xudt
xii
ciing cd
sir
thay ddi vl thanh phdn.
Bang
3.1:
Bang tong ket cac loai nguyen lieu hien co tren thj trirong Viet Nam
(Theo phan tich
ciia
nha cung cap)
Sii-a
bot nguyen kem:
TT
1
2
3
4
5
Ten san pham
Siia bdt nguyen kem
tan nhanh
(Wholemilk Powder
Instant)
Siia
bdt nguyen kem
(Wholemilk Power)
Siia bdt nguyen
kem. (Wholemilk
Power)

Siia bdt nguyen kem
tan nhanh (Instant
fiill
cream milk
powder)
Siia bdt nguyen kem
(Wholemilk
Powder)
Xuat
xir
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
Trung
Qudc
Australia
Australia
•• •
••••• " ^
Thanh phan
Protein
(%)
>34
26,5
>34
34
>24,8
Chat
beo (%)

>28
24,8
>26
>28
>18,8
Do am
(Vo)
<5
3,1
<5
<3
<2,24
Do hoa
tan (ml)
<0,1
<1
<1
<0,5
<1
Gia Thanh
(dong)
99 000
94 000
92 000
100 000
98 000
Sira hot gay
TT
1
2

Ten san pham
Sira bdt gay tan
nhanh (Skimmilk
Powder Instant)
Sira bdt gay tan
nhanh (Instant skim
milk powder)
Xuat
xir
New
Zealand
Australia
Thanh p
Protein
(%)
>34
>34
Chat
beo (%)
<1,5
<1,25
Do am
(Vo)
<5
<4
lan
Do hoa
tan (ml)
<0,5
<0,5

Gia Thanh
(dong)
95 000
100 000
Chat beo sira (Non Dairy Creamer)
STT
1
2
Ten san pham
Chat beo sira
Chat beo siia
Xuat
xu-
Malaysia
Ha Lan
Thanh
Protein
(%)
2,5 ± 0,3
2
Chat beo
(%)
33
±1
33
phan
Do am
(Vo)
<3
<3,5

Gia Thanh
(dong)
33 000
43 000
Vi san xuat san pham siia bdt nen ca sd tuyen chgn sira nguyen lieu la sira bdt hda tan nhanh, cd
mau sac,
miii
vi tu nhien
ciia
sira. Dua tren muc tieu sira thanh pham phai cd ham lugng protein
va lipit cho moi lan sir dung (45g) img 20-30% nhu cau cua tre 1-5 tudi vi vay can chgn 3 loai
nguyen lieu la siia bdt nguyen kem, sira bgt gay va chat beo sira de phdi trdn nham tao dugc sira
thanh pham cd ham lugng protein, lipit yeu cau.
Siia New Zealand cd nha cung cap tai Ha Ngi, cd loai siia hoa tan nhanh, cd mau sac,
miii
vi
dSc
trung
ciia
sira va gia san pham hgp ly. Vi vay, chgn sira bdt nguyen kem, sira bdt gay cua New
Zealand. Chgn chat beo siia cua Malaysia vi cd gia thanh re hon va chat lugng tuong duong vdi
chat beo siia cua Ha Lan.
Tien hanh phan tich thanh phan Kem, Lysine, Canxi cua nguyen lieu da chgn dugc ket qua bdi
bang 3.2
Bang
3.2:
Ket qua phan tich Kem, Lysine, Canxi cua nguyen lieu sira
bpt
TT
1

2
Nguyen lieu
Siia bdt nguyen kem
Siia bgt gay
Thanh phan
Ca
(g/lOOg)
0.98
1.15
Zn
(mg/lOOg)
2.68
3.93
Lysine
(g/lOOg)
1.85
1.65
3.1.2.
Xac dinh ti le phoi tron cac loai sira nguyen lieu
Dua tren nhu cdu protein, lipit doi vdi tre 1-5 tudi, theo tinh toan sira thanh pham du kien cd
ham lugng protein va lipit tir
16%
- 20% va ket qua phan tich thanh phan
ciia
nguyen lieu, dua ra
mot sd ti le phdi trdn cac thanh phdn nguyen lieu cd thanh phan dinh dudng ca ban va nhu bang
sau:
Bang
3.3:
Thanh phan mot so cong thirc phoi tron nguyen lieu sura

TT
1
2
4
Ti le
SiJa
bdt nguyen kem: Siia
bdt gay: Chat beo
Protein (%) (theo tinh toan)
Lipit (%) (theo tinh toan)
CTl
0:45:45
16,4
15.4
CT2
10:30:50
14,8
19,6
CT3
10:35:45
16,4
18,1
CT4
15:40:35
19,6
16,3
Tien hanh trdn siia bdt nguyen lieu theo cac cdng thiic dua ra d bang tren. Sau dd danh gia chat
lugng cam quan theo phep thir cho dilm chdt lugng (TCVN
3215
- 79) cua cac mau sura da trdn

de tim dugc ti le phdi trdn cho siia bdt cd chat lugng cao nhat.
Bang 3.4
Cong thirc
CTl
C'r2
CT3
CT4
Mau
Mill
Vi
Do hda tan
Mau
Mill
Vi
Do hda tan
Mau
Mui
Vi
Do hda tan
Mau
Mill
Vi
Do hda tan
Tong
45
44
45
43
43
42

34
38
45
45
38
38
47
46
46
48
: Ket qua danh gia cam quan sii-a
TB chu-a
CO
HS
trong lirong
4,5
4,4
4,5
4,3
4,3
4,2
3,4
3,8
4,5
4,5
3,8
3,8
4,7
4,6
4,6

4,8
HS trong
Iirong
0,6
1
1,2
1,2
0,6
1
1,2
1,2
0,6
1
1,2
1,2
0,6
1
1,2
1,2
cong thirc
TB
CO
HS
trong lirong
2,7
4,4
5,4
5,16
2,58
4,2

4,08
4,56
2,7
4,5
4,56
4,56
2,82
4,6
5,52
5,76
Diem chat
lu-ong
17,66
15,42
16,32
18,7
Bang ket qua danh gia cam quan cho thay sira dugc phdi trdn theo CT4 cd diem chat lugng cao
nhat va bdng
18,7 xip
loai Tot
[10].
Chgn CT4 lam cdng thiic phdi trdn cac loai nguyen lieu.
3.1.3.
Xay dirng cong thirc premix diing de phoi tron
vol
sira hot nguyen lieu
Dua tren nhu cdu dinh dudng khuyin nghi cho ngudi Viet Nam 2007
[12]
dua tren khuyin nghj
vl vitamin, khoang chat cua WHO/FAO - 2002 ddi vdi tre tir 36

din
60 thang tudi, dua ra du
kien ham lugng vitamin va khoang chat cua sira thanh pham trong
lOOg
va trong 45g (1 lan
sii
dung)
9
Bang 3.5: Thanh phan vitamin va khoang chat
du-
kien cua sira thanh pham
Thanh phan
Thiamin
V-itamin
A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Acid folic
Vitamin
B12
Vitamin
B2
Vitamin
Be
Vitamin C
sdt
Selen
Kem
Canxi
Photpho

Don vi
mg
meg
meg
mg
meg
meg
mg
mg
mg
mg
meg
mg
mg
mg
Trong
lOOg
0.5
390
9
6
120
1.1
0.6
0.5
30
8
11
10
700

530
Trong 45g
0.23
175.5
4.05
2.7
54
0.49
0.27
0.23
13.5
3.6
4.95
4.5
315
238.5
Dua tren ham lugng du kien cua vitamin va khoang chat, tinh toan ham lugng vitamin va khoang
chat ciia sira phdi trdn theo ti le da chgn. Ham lugng vitamin va khoang chat can bd sung vao
lOOg
siia bdt thanh pham dugc the hien d bang 3.6
Bang 3.6: Ham Iirong cac vitamin va khoang chat can bo sung vao
lOOg
san pham
Thanh phan
Vitamin
Bi
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Acid folic
Niacin

Vitamin
B2
Vitamin
Be
Vitamin C
sdt
Selen
Kem
Canxi
Photpho
Don vi
mg
meg
mg
meg
mg
mg
mg
mg
mg
meg
mg
mg
mg
Ham lu-ong
0.3
1.3
5.9
120
5.9

0.16
0.3
26.1
7.6
11
8.1
190
19.5
10
Dua tren ket qua du tinh lugng vitamin va khoang chat can bd sung vao
lOOg
sira thanh pham,
ciing vdi
sir
tham khao cua cac chuyen gia cdng thiic premix dugc xay dung de bd sung vao siia
dugc
thi
hien d bang 3.7
Bang 3.7. Cong
thirc
premix
Thanh phan
Vitamin
Bi
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Acid folic
Niacin
Vitamin
B2

Vitamin
Be
Vitamin C
sdt
Selen
Kem
Canxi
Photpho
Don vi
mg
meg
g
mg
g
mg
mg
g
g
mg
g
g
g
Ham
lu-ong/lOOg
67
295
1.4
27
1.4
37

70
5.9
1.7
2.5
1.8
43
4.5
Du kien bd sung 460mg premix vao
lOOg
sira thanh phdm
3.1.4.
Nghien
cihi
cong thirc phoi
trpn
de tao sira
bpt
danh cho tre tir 1-5 tuoi
3.1.4.1.
Lira ch9n
ty le phoi tron
dirong
va
FOS/inulin:
Thir nghiem phdi trdn dudng vdi cdng thiic sira bdt CT4 da dugc lua chgn theo 3 ti le khac nhau
la
Ml: 5% dudng+ 5% FOS/inulin, M2: 6% dudng+4%F0S/inulin, M3: 7% dudng + 3% FOS
/inulin. Tien hanh danh gia cam quan theo phuong phap cho dilm thi
hiiu,
danh gia

sir
yeu thich
ve vi (thang diem 1-5) nhu sau:
Bang 3.8: Bang ket qua cam quan sira ti le
b6
sung du-ong va FOS/inulin khac nhau
Tvien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Tdng
TB
Ml
4
3
3
3
2
4
3
3
4
4

33
3,3
M2
5
4
5
4
4
5
5
4
5
5
46
4,6
M3
3
3
4
2
4
3
4
3
4
4
34
3,4
Tdng
12

10
12
9
10
12
12
10
13
13
113
NGPS
Mau
Thanh
vien
Sai sd
Toan
phan
BTD
2,00
9,00
18,00
29,00
TBF
10,47
6,03
4,87
21,37
BFTB
5,23
0,67

0,27
F
19,36
2,48
11
Tuong quan phuang sai tra bang
Ftc
=
3,55
d mirc y nghia 0.5% vdi bac tu do mau 2, bac tu do
sai sd 18 [10] . F=19,36 >
Ftc
nen ket luan dugc rang cac mau dugc yeu thich khac nhau cd nghia.
Bang ket qua cho thay siia cd ti le phdi trdn theo mau M2 cd diem trung binh cao nhat nen la
mau cd vi dugc yeu thich nhat. Vi vay, chgn ti le dudng va FOS/inulin bd sung vao la 6%dudng
va 4%F0S/inulin.
3.1.4.2.
Lya
chon ty le phoi tron Lysine
Su dung
L-lysine
monohydroclorid de bd sung vao siia (l,25g
L-lysine
monoclorid cd
Ig
lysine).
Du kien trdn de sua thanh pham dat
1378mg lysine/1 OOg
va khdng tao vi dang trong san pham.
Ket qua phan

tich
thanh phan lysine cua nguyen lieu (bang 3.2) cho thay nguyen lieu da cd mot
phan lysine nen phdi trdn lysine vdi cdng thiic siia da dugc
lira
chgn d tren theo cac ty le 800,
900,
lOOOmg
L-lysine/ibOg.
Tien hanh danh gia cam quan theo phuong phap cho diem thi hieu, danh gia su yeu thich ve vi,
thang diem 1-5.
Bang 3.9: Ket qua danh gia cam quan vi cua sira khi bo sung lysine
Tvien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Tdng
TB
800
mg
5
4
5
5

4
5
5
4
4
4
45
4.5
900
mg
4
5
4
5
4
5
5
4
5
5
46
4.6
1000
mg
4
4
4
3
4
3

4
4
4
4
38
3.8
Tdng
13
13
13
13
12
13
14
12
14
13
130
NGPS
Mau
Thanh
vien
Sai sd
Toan
phan
BTD
2.00
9.00
18.00
29.00

TBF
4.27
1.33
5.07
10.67
BFTB
2.13
0.15
0.28
F
7.58
0.53
Tuong quan phuang sai tra bang
Ftc -
3,55 [10] d
miic
y nghia 0.5% vdi bac tu do mau 2, bac tu
do sai sd 18. F >
Ftc
nen ket luan dugc rang cac mau dugc yeu thich khac nhau cd nghia. Bang
ket qua cho thay siia cd ti le phdi trdn L - Lysine
900mg/100g
cd diem trung binh cao nhat nen
la mau dugc yeu thich nhat.
3.1.3.3 Xac dinh ti le phoi tron premix
vol
sira bot nguyen lieu
Dat mua Premix cua nha cung cap Fotitech, Malaysia, san xuat theo cdng nghe Dan Mach.
Thir nghiem phdi trdn Premix vdi cdng thiic sira bdt da dugc
lira

chgn d tren theo 3 ti le khac
nhau la
Ml:
400mg, M2: 460mg, M3: 500mg
premix/lOOg
sira.
12
Phan tich mdt sd thanh phdn kem va canxi cua siia bdt thanh pham da trdn Premix theo 3 ti le
tren.
Bang 3.10: Ket qua phan tich thanh phan khoang chat cua sira hot tron Premix
Thanh phan
Kem
Canxi
Don vi
mg/lOOg
mg/lOOg
Ml
8.9
621
M2
9.8
704
M3
11.1
735
Theo ket qua phan tich bang
3.10,
mau sira M2 cd ham lugng kem va canxi tuong duong vdi sira
du kien. Nhu vay
lira

chgn bd sung 460mg premix cho
lOOg
siia thanh pham
3.1.5.
D^nh
gia chat Iirong sira thanh pham
3.1.5.1:
Kiem tra chat Iirong
sCra
thanh pham
Phan tich ham lugng protein, glucid, canxi, kem,
lysine.
Vitamin A, D, FOS/inulin, do am, vi
sinh vat cua siia thanh pham. Ket qua nhu bang sau:
Bang
3.11:
Bang phan tich cac chi tieu chat lirong cua sira thanh pham
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

13
14
15
16
Ten chi tieu
Do am
Ham lugng Gluxit
Ham lugng Lipit
Ham lugng Protein
Ham lugng Canxi
Ham lugng Kem
Ham
lugng Lysine
Tdng sd VSV hieu khi
Tdng sd Conforms
E.coli
S.
aureus
B.cereus
Samonella
L.
monocytogenes
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Don vi
%
g/lOOg
g/lOOg
g/lOOg
mg/lOOg

mg/lOOg
g/lOOg
CFU/g
MPN/g
MPN/g
CFU/g
MPN/g
/25g
CFU/g
mg/lOOg
meg/1 OOg
Ket qua
4.24
53.1
16.3
19.7
706
9.9
1.35
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
0.4
8.9
13
Tien hanh danh gia cam quan theo phuong phap cho diem thi hieu, danh gia

miic
do ua thich cua
sira thanh pham vdi cac loai siia hien cd danh cho tre tir 1-5 tudi tren thj trudng
Bang
3.12:
Ket qua danh gia cam quan su-a thanh pham va san pham sira danh cho tre 1-5
tuoi tren thj trirong
Cong thirc
Siia thanh pham
Dutch Lady
Nutifood
Nestle
Mau
Mill
Vi
Do hda tan
Mau
Miii
Vi
Do hda tan
Mau
Miii
Vi
Do hda tan
Mau
Mill
Vi
Do hda tan
Tdng
46

44
45
45
45
44
41
48
45
45
39
42
47
46
46
48
TB chira
coHS
trong
lirong
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.1
4.8
4.5
4.5
3.9

4.2
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.8
HS
trong
lirong
0.6
1
1.2
1.2
0.6
1
1.2
1.2
0.6
1
1.2
1.2
0.6
1
1.2
1.2
TBco
HS
trong
lirong
2.8
4.4

5.4
5.4
2.7
4.4
4.9
5.8
2.7
4.5
4.7
5.0
2.8
4.6
5.5
5.8
Diem chat
lirong
18.0
17.8
16.9
18.7
Ke't
qua danh gia cam quan cho thay siia thanh pham dat chat lugng tdt va do ua thich ve tdng
the cao hon so vdi siia
ciia
nutifood va tuong duong vdi sira Dutch Lady
3.1.4.2:
Theo doi chat lirong san pham trong thoi gian bao quan
Theo ddi chat lugng siia bdt thanh pham theo thdi gian bao quan 6 thang.
14
Sira thanh pham dugc ddng gdi trong bao gdi mang nhdm va dugc de d nai khd mat, dinh ki 3

thang/lan
kilm tra ham lugng protein, lipit, gluxit, canxi, kem, lysine, vitamin A, D, do am, vi
sinh vat cua sira bdt thanh phdm.
Bang 3.13: Ket qua phan tich sira thanh pham khi bao quan
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Ten chi tieu
Dd am
Ham lugng Gluxit
Ham lugng Lipit
Ham lugng Protein
Ham lugng Canxi
Ham lugng Kem
Ham lugng Lysine
Tdng sd VSV hieu khi

Tdng sd Conforms
E.coli
S.
aureus
B.cereus
Samonella
L.
monocytogenes
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Don vj
%
g/lOOg
g/lOOg
g/lOOg
g/lOOg
mg/lOOg
g/lOOg
CFU/g
MPN/g
MPN/g
CFU/g
MPN/g
/25g
CFU/g
mg/lOOg
mg/lOOg
Ket qua
Sau 3 thang
4.5

53.1
16.3
19.7
700
9.9
1.35
2.2
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
0.38
8.5
Sau 6 thang
4.9
53.0
16.4
19.5
701
9.8
1.35
3.5x10
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH

0.30
7.8
Vdi ket qua phan tich d bang
3.11
va
3.13
cho thay sau 3 va 6 thang bao quan do am cua sira cd
tang len 1
chiit,
protein, lipid, gluxit, can xi, lysine, kem gan nhu khdng thay ddi, ham lugng
vitamin A va vitamin D cd giam di, ve chi tieu vi sinh vat van dam bao theo tieu chuan 46 cua
Bd Y tl.
3.2.
So bo tinh toan gia thanh san pham
TT
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
B
Khoan chi/Muc chi
San xuat 1kg su-a hot
Siia bdt nguyen kem
Sira bdt gay
Chat beo

Dudng
Premix
L - lysine
FOS - inullin
Chi khac
Gia mot goi
sfra
hot thanh pham
Don vi
kg
kg
kg
kg
g
kg
kg
g
So lu-ong
0.150
0.400
0.350
0.060
0.460
0.009
0.040
250.000
Dan gia
99,000
95,000
35,000

15,000
500
130,000
62,000
Thanh tien (d)
76,880
14,850
38,000
12,250
900
230
1,170
2,480
7,000
19,220
15
3.3.
Soan thao tai lieu quan li san xuat sira theo HACCP code 2003
3.3.1 Chinh sach cua nha may, so tay chat luong va an toan.
De thuc hien dugc viec quan li chat lugng san pham theo he thdng HACCP, dau tien can cd
sir
ddng y va cam ket
ciia
ban lanh dao Trung tam thuc pham dinh dudng - Vien dinh dudng. Ndi
dung the hien trong sd tay chdt lugng va an toan (Phu luc 1) bao gdm thdng tin he thdng quan ly,
chinh sach an toan
ciia
Trung tam thuc phdm dinh dudng - Vien dinh dudng
3.3.2 Qui pham thirc hanh san xuat tot
GMP la quy pham san xuat,

tiic
la cac bien phap, thao tac thuc hanh can tuan
thii
nguyen tac dam
bao san xuat ra nhung san pham dat yeu cau chat lugng ve sinh an toan. GMP giup kiem soat tdt ca
nhiing yeu td lien quan den CLVSATTP cua san pham trong qua trinh san xuat che biln, tir khau
tiep nhan nguyen lieu den thanh pham cudi ciing. Qua trinh san xuat siia bdt bao gdm cac GMP
chinh (phu luc 2) nhu sau:
GMP
1:
Tiep nhan nguyen lieu va luu kho
GMP
2:
Kiem tra do am
GMP
3:
Kiem tra siia
GMP 4: Kiem tra dudng
GMP 5: Kiem tra Premix
GMP 6: Nhap kho nguyen lieu
GMP
7:
Xuat kho nguyen lieu
GMP 8: Xay dudng
GMP 9: Dinh lugng nguyen lieu
GMP
10:
Trdn
GMP
11:

Bao quan thanh pham va ban thanh pham
GMP
12:
Cdng doan ddng gdi
GMP
13:
Hoan thien san pham
GMP
14:
Kiem tra cam quan
GMP
15:
Luu kho va bao quan
GMP
16:
Xuat kho san pham
3.3.3.
SSOP (Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures)
SSOP Cling GMP, kiem soat tat ca nhung yeu td lien quan den chat lugng ve sinh an toan thuc
pham cua san pham trong qua trinh san xuat, che bien, tir khau tiep nhan nguyen lieu den thanh
pham cudi ciing. SSOP la Quy pham ve sinh va
thii
tuc kiem soat ve sinh, nghia la cac quy pham
ve sinh dimg de dat dugc cac yeu cau ve sinh chung cua GMP.
Qui pham dieu kien ve sinh tdt SSOP (phu luc 3) bao gdm cac quy pham sau:
SSOP- sd
1:
Ve sinh ngudn
nude.
SSOP- sd 2: Cac be mat tiep

xiic
vdi san pham
SSOP- sd 3: Ngan ngira
sir
d nhiem cheo
SSOP- sd 4: Ve sinh cdng nhan.
SSOP- sd 5: Bao ve san pham de khdng bi nhiem ban.
SSOP- sd 6:
Sii
dung, bao quan diing
each
cac hda chat cd tinh dgc hai
SSOP- sd 7: Kiem soat
sue
khde cdng nhan.
SSOP- sd 8: Kiem soat ddng vat gay hai.
SSOP- sd 9: Dan nhan va bao quan diing quy
each
3.3.4 Xay dung he thong quan ly chat lu-ong HACCP cho san xuat sira bot
16
3.3.4.1 Nhom HACCP
Thdnh vien
Nhom cdng tdc HACCP
Ten thanh vien
Giap Van Ha
Nguyen Hdng Minh
Hoang Cdng Quy
Nguyen Thiiy Ninh
Vitri
Thanh vien

Trudng nhdm
Thu ki tdng hgp
Thanh vien
Chirc vu cong tac
Ky su, giam ddc trung tam
Thac
SI
Ky SU
Sinh vien thuc tap
3.3.4.2 Mo ta san pham
Md ta san pham nhu bang sau:
BANG MO TA SAN PHAM
SLTA
BOT
STT
1
2
.
3
4
5
6
7
8 '
9
10
11
12
13
14

15
16
Dac diem
Ten san pham
Nguyen lieu
Md ta tdm tat qui
each
thanh pham
Cac dac tinh quan
trgng
ciia
san pham
Khu vuc khai thac
nguyen lieu
Cach thiic bao quan,
van chuyen va tiep
nhan nguyen lieu
Cac cdng doan che
bien chinh
Phuang phap bao
quan
Bao gdi ben trong
Bao gdi ben ngoai
Dieu kien bao quan
Dieu kien phan phdi,
van chuyen san
pham
Thdi gian
sir
dung

Cac yeu cau ve dan
nhan
Cac dieu kien dac
biet
Phuang thirc sir
dung
Mo ta
Sira bdt bd sung kem, canxi, lysine va prebiotic cho tre 1-5 tudi
- Siia bdt: Sura bgt nguyen kem, siia bdt gay, chat beo siia
- Nguyen lieu bd sung: premix, lysine, dudng trang, FOS/inulin
San pham dugc bao gdi bang mang phuc hgp, cd khdi lugng
250g, cho vao trong hop giay phang, xep vao thiing cattong vdi
the tich tuong
iing
- Ham lugng am < 5%
- Dang bdt min, khdng vdn
cue,
mau trang hoac kem nhat, mui
tham dac tnmg
- Sira bdt, chat beo, premix, lysine, FOS/inulin dugc mua d cac
cdng ty nhap khau.
- Dudng dugc mua d cdng ty trong
nude
Nguyen lieu dugc bao gdi theo qui
each ciia
nha san xuat, van
chuyen bang xe day kin ve xudng
Tiep nhan nguyen lieu
—>
Kiem tra

—+ Liru
kho
—>
Xay (Dudng)
—>
Trdn
-^
Ddng gdi
-^
Hoan thien san pham
—»
Nhap kho
Bao gdi
each
ly
Mang phiic hgp 3
Idp
Vd hop giay va thiing cattong
Nai khd rao, thoang mat, sach se
Van chuyen bang phuong tien sach, cd che day kin
12
thang ke tir ngay san xuat
Theo quy dinh hien hanh
Khdng cd
- Dun sdi nude, de ngudi xudng nhiet do
60°C
- Dinh lugng
nude
va
sira

nhu hudng dan
17
17
18
Ddi tugng sir dung
Cac qui dinh yeu
cau can tuan thu.
- Pha siia vao
nude,
khuay deu, udng lien
- Sau khi md tui, budc kin, khdng de qua 30 ngay
Tre em tir
1
tdi 5 tudi
- Theo yeu cau khach hang
- Theo cac quy dinh va tieu chuan
ciia
nha nude
- Theo Quylt dinh sd 46/2007/QD-BYT
ciia
Bd Y tl
3.3.4.3 Xay dung so do qui trinh san xuat: Dua tren co sd quan ly chat lugng san pham sira
bdt cho tre tir 1-5 tudi theo he thdng HACCP.
Sff
do qui trinh cong nghe san pham sira bot
Nhap nguyen lieu: Sira bdt nguyen
kem, siia bdt gay, chat beo siia,
premix, dudng, lyzine, FOS/inulin.
If
Kiem tra nguyen lieu

1'
Siia, nguyen lieu khac
1
r
Luu kho
1
r
Xuat kho
^
t
Dinhlugng
'
"
Dudng
ir
Xay (0.15mm;
lOkg/me)
^ '
Trdn (50kg/me/20
phiit)
1 '
Ddng gdi (250g/gdi)
'
Hoan thien san pham
(40-100
gdi/thimg carton)
Nhap kho
a. Nhdp nguyen lieu
+ Siia bdt: Sua bdt (sira bdt nguyen kem va siia bdt gay) dugc mua tir Newzealand, cd day
dii

CA va bang cdng bd chat lugng cua nha san xuat.
Siia bdt nguyen lieu dugc van chuyen bang xe sach, bao bi cd ghi nhan day du va dugc kiem tra
tnrdc khi nhap kho.
18
+ Nguyen lieu khac: Cac nguyen lieu khac bao gom chdt beo sira, dudng trdng, premix, lysine,
FOS - inullin dugc thu mua tir nhung cdng ty uy tin.
Cac
Id
nguyen lieu cd ddy
dii
CA kem theo bang cdng bd chdt lugng cua nha san xudt. Ngoai ra,
nguyen lieu dugc van chuyen bdng xe sach, bao bi dugc ghi nhan ddy
dii
va dugc kilm tra trudc
khi nhap kho.
b. Luu kho
Nguyen lieu sau khi nhap dugc bao quan trong kho mat chd
chi
biln.
c.
Xudt kho
Nguyen lieu dua vao san xuat phai cdn han sir dung va tinh chdt cam quan cdn nguyen ven.
d.
Xay duang
Dudng dugc xay tdi kich thudc
0.15
mm, khoi lugng cua mdt me xay la
10
kg.
e. Dinh lugng vd tron

Cac loai nguyen lieu va dudng da xay dugc dugc dinh lugng rdi dua vao thilt bi phdi trdn.
Phuong phap phdi trgn la phuong phap trdn da cdp. Cac nguyen lieu cd khdi lugng
it
dugc trdn
trudc vdi nhau rdi den nguyen lieu cd khdi lugng ldn hon. Mdt me trdn khoang 50 kg, trong 20
phiit.
g. Ddng goi
Ban thanh pham sau khi trdn dugc dua tdi thiet bi ddng gdi. Khdi lugng moi gdi la 250g. Sau
khi ddng gdi cd thao tac kiem tra do kin cua bao bi.
h.
Hodn thien
sdn
phdm
San pham sau khi ddng gdi dugc dan nhan, in thdi han sir dung, ngay san xuat, ki hieu
Id
hang
cimg vdi nhiing thdng tin khac theo yeu cau cua khach hang. San pham sau khi dan nhan dugc
ddng vao thiing cattong, mdi thiing gdm
40-100
gdi.
/.
Nhap kho
San pham hoan thien dugc xep ngay ngan va bao quan trong kho mat.
3.3.4.4 Tham djnh so do quy trinh
Nhdm nghien cuu HACCP tien hanh kiem tra, xac nhan lai toan bg cac muc thuc hien trong
budc 4, bd sung nhiing thdng tin mdi va dieu chinh nhimg thdng tin cd sy thay ddi. Viec tham tra
nay dugc tien hanh trong thuc te san xuat, ca trong ca san xuat, van hanh thiet bi, trong gid
nghi de bao dam mgi mdi nguy trong cac dieu kien khac nhau deu dugc nhan dien chinh xac.
3.3.4.5 Phan tich va lap danh muc cac mdi nguy hai va cac bien phap phong ngu-a - Xac
djnh cac CCP

Tien hanh phan tich mdi nguy theo so do cay (Phu luc 4) 3 cau hdi (ddi vdi nguyen lieu) va 4
cau hdi (ddi vdi quy trinh). Ndi dung phan tich va xac dinh cac CCP nhu Bang phan tich CCP
(Phu luc 5)
3.3.4.6 Thiet lap he thong giam sat cho tirng CCP
He thdng giam sat phai dugc xac dinh mdt
each
cu the bao gdm:
- Ndi dung giam sat la gi?
19
- Giam sat bdng each nao?
- Tan suat giam sat lien tuc hay gian doan
- Ai giam sat?
Ngi dung cua he thdng giam sat dugc ghi vao Bang ke hoach HACCP (Phu luc 6)
3.3.4.7 Thiet lap cac hanh dong khac phuc sva chira
Muc tieu cua chuong trinh HACCP la xac dinh nhanh chdng cac vi pham ngudng tdi han. Phat
hien vi pham cang nhanh thi thuc hien hanh ddng sira chira cang de dang va lugng san phdm phai
xii
ly cang it. Hanh ddng sira chiia phai tien hanh
tiic
thi khi phat hien ra
sir
vi pham ngudng tdi
han tai mdt CCP
Hanh
ddng
sira chiia bao gdm 2 phan, dd la: hieu chinh, loai trir nguyen nhan gay vi pham, khdi
phuc su kiem soat qua trinh va xac dinh
miic
do vi pham cua cac
Id

san pham trong thdi gian xay
ra sai lech, xac dinh each thiic xir ly chiing.
Cac hanh ddng
siia
chiia cho timg CCP dugc ghi vao Bang ke hoach HACCP
3.3.4.8 Thiet lap cac thii tuc tham tra
Thiet lap cac hoat ddng tham tra cho moi CCP la het
siic
can thiet de dam bao rang cac thu tuc
kiem soat dugc sir dung la hiru hieu; chiing hoat ddng va dugc hieu chuan trong pham vi thich
hgp de kiem soat
am
toan thuc pham. Ngoai ra, tham tra CCP bao gdm xem xet viec hieu chuan,
giam sat va hd sa hanh ddng sira chiia d cac CCP dl khang dinh viec tuan
thii
kl hoach HACCP.
Tham tra CCP ciing cd the bao gdm lay mau va thu nghiem khi can thiet.
Caic
hoat ddng tham tra cho moi CCP cu the dugc ghi vao Bang ke hoach
HACCP
3.3.4.9 Thiet lap bo tai lieu va
liru
giir ho so HACCP
Viec luu
giii
hd sa cd hieu qua va chinh xac ddng vai trd quan trgng trong ap dung he thdng
HACCP. Cac
thii
tuc HACCP phai dugc ghi thanh van ban. Viec lap bd tai lieu va luu
giur

hd sa
phai phu hgp vdi tinh chat va quy md cua qua trinh hoat ddng. Hd sa ghi chep la cong cu quan
trgng nhat de cd the van hanh mdt he thdng HACCP cd hieu qua.
Cac loai tai lieu gdm: phan tich mdi nguy, xac dinh cac CCPs, xac dinh ngudng tdi han.
Cac loai hd sa bao gdm: Hd so giam sat CCP, hd so ve cac sai lech va nhirng hanh ddng khac
phuc kem theo, hd so ve hoat ddng tham tra.
20
Phan IV: KET LUAN
4.1.
Cong
thirc
sira bot co bo sung vi chat
4.1.1 Sira cong thirc
Lira
chgn sira bdt tan nhanh cua New Zealand, chat beo siia
ciia
Malaysia theo ty le sau:
siia bdt nguyen kem: siia bdt gdy: chat beo =
15:
40: 35.
4.1.2 Cong
thirc
premix
bd sung
460mg/100g
san pham
4.1.3 Cong thirc sira bot co bo sung vi chat
Cdng thiic sira bdt cd bd sung vi chat la hdn hgp sira cdng thiic, premix. nguyen
lieu
phu dugc

phdi trdn theo ti le sau:
Sira cdng
thurc:
88,64% L-lysine: 0.9%
Premix: 0.46%
FOS-inullin:
4%
Dudng: 6%
4.2 Quy trinh san xuat sii-a hot
Qui trinh san xuat sira: dugc xay
dimg
dam bao nghiem ngat ve ve sinh an toan thuc pham,
qui trinh trdn theo nguyen tac trdn da cap.
4.3.
Chat
lu-gng
cua sira theo thoi gian bao quan:
Sau 6 thang bao quan ve ham lugng protein, lipid, glucid, canxi, kem, lysine gan nhu khdng thay
ddi,
ham lugng vitamin A giam 25% va vitamin D giam 13%. Chi tieu vi sinh sau 6 thang bao
quan dat tieu chuan 46 cua Bd Y te.
4.3 He thong tai lieu quan li san xuat sira theo HACCP code 2003
Da xay dung dugc bd tai lieu quan ly san xuat siia cho tre 1-5 tudi tai co sd 2, TTTPDD theo
HACCP code
2003,
thdng qua bd tai lieu nay ca sd san xuat se tu kiem soat dugc chat lugng cua
san phdm. Dam bao san phdm khi xuat kho dat chat lugng, an toan ve sinh thirc pham, dap
iing
dugc yeu cau cua khach hang
Phan V: KIEN NGHI

1.
San phdm nen dugc theo ddi chdt lugng trong thdi gian dai hon de cd the dua ra han su
dung cua san pham
2.
Nen cd danh gia chinh thirc dl cdng nhan tieu chudn HACCP cho san xuat san pham siia
bdt trong gian tdi.
21
TAI
LI$U
THAM KHAO
1.
Black R.E. et al. (2008). Maternal and child under nutrition: global and regional
exposures and health consequences. The Lancet 2008, 5-22
2.
Ha Huy Khdi (2001). Dinh dudng trong thdi ky chuyen tiep. Nha xuat ban Y hgc, Ha
Ngi.
3.
TrSn
Dang (2004). Md'i nguy ve sinh an toan thirc phdm - Chuong trinh kiem soat GMP,
GHP va
He
thdng quan
li
chat lugng HACCP. Nha xuat ban y hgc, Ha Ndi.
4.
Le Thi Hgp, Ha Huy Khdi (2007). Dinh dudng va tang trudng
thi
tuc cua ngudi Viet
Nam trong giai doanl975- 2005. Tap chi Dinh dudng va Thuc phdm 2007, 1,2-13.
5.

Bhutta ZA, Black RE, Ninh NX 1999. Prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia by zinc
supplementation in children indeveloping countries: pooled analysis of randomized
controlled trials. J Pediatr 135: 689 - 697
6.
WHO/UNICEF
Joint statement 2004. Clinical management of acute diarrhea.
7.
Peter L.P, Shibani G. (2004). Lysine fortification: Past, present and future. Food and
Nutrition Bulletin, 25,
111-112.
8.
Le
Thi Hai, Nguyen Thi Lam, Pham Thu Huong, Hoang The Yet, Nguyen Thanh Ha,
Nguyln Luang Hanh (2001). Danh gia hieu qua bdt cd bo sung men tieu hda va vi cha't
tren tre em 6 - 24 thang tudi 2 xa ndng thdn miln
niii.
9. Trdn Thi Huan, Nguyln Xuan Ninh, Nguyln Thi Lam (2003). Hieu qua cua bd sung
banh bich qui giau chat dinh dudng tdi tinh trang vitamin A va thieu mau d hoc sinh tieu
hgc.
Y hgc Viet Nam so 9, 10/2003,
54-61.
10.
Trung NQ, Ninh NX, Nhien NV va Cs (2000). Tac dung bo sung sdt, kem dd'i vdi tang
tnrdng va phdng chdng thieu mau d tre nhd. Tap chi Y hgc du phdng 10(46).
11.
Ha Duyen Tu (2006). Ky thuat phan tich cam quan thuc phdm. Nha xua't ban khoa hgc
ky thuat.
12.
Bd Y te'- Vien Dinh dudng (2007). Bang thanh
ph^n

dinh dudng thuc phdm Viet Nam.
Nha xua't ban Y hgc Ha Ndi.
13.
Bg Y te' (2007). Nhu cdu dinh dudng khuye'n nghi cho ngudi Viet Nam. Nha xua't ban Y
hoc.
Ha Ndi.
Ban giam
ddo « -^
Lanh dao trung tam
Chii
nhiem de tai
PMC VIEN
TRLfONG
{!•>
f^T
r
-^vnq
•^
''HS
„^niupe./n'
^n^
l^^tM/m
22
Phu
Ivc
1:
S6
TAY CHAT
LUONG
SAN PHAM

SC'A BQT
CHO TRE 1 - 5
TUOI
CHINH SACH AN TOAN
1
'
CHl/ONG Md
DAU:
Gidl
THIEU TRUNG TAM
THlJC
PHAM DINH
DUONG
- VIEN DINH
DUONG
1.1 . Dia chi:
VSn
phong: 48 Tang Bat
H6',
Quan Hai Ba
Triftig,
Thanh Pho Ha
Npi
o Xvtdng san
xu§'t:
TriTcfng
Dai hoc Nong
nghiep,
Trflu
Quy,

Huy^n
Gia
LSm
1.2 .
Ctfsotphapl^:
o Trung T9m
ThUc PhS'm
Dinh
DrfSng dUdc
thanh lap
iheo
Quyei dinh so
18/QD/TCCV
ngay
2.'i/3/2004
cua Vien
trUdng
Vien Dinh
Dir3ng,
o Gidi
thi^u
torn tat
vl
Trung
T§m Thi/c Pha'm
Dinh
DiTSng:
Trung
Tam Thrfc
Pha'm Dinh

Di/Sng
la
dOn
vi
triTc
thuoc
Vien
Dinh
du'Sng.
Vdi tong
.so
can bo. cong nhan vien
ciia trung tam la 10
ngifdi diroc
hoat dong vdi cac
chtJc nSng
va nhieni vu da
dugc
phan cone cua
Vien
dinh duong
CHUCfNG
1:
PHAM VI AP
DUNG
sd
tay HACCP nay
nhJim
xac dinh va mo la
h6 ihong Iciem

soat cac moi nguy trong qua
irinh
san xua't
ciia Tmng Tam
ThiTc
Pham Dinh
Dirdng
de dam bao
sir
an toan.
v6
sinh doi vdi cac san pham cua Trung Tam.
He thong an toin cua Trung Tam
Thifc
Pham Dinh
IDi/Cng dUOc
mo la
irong
so lay nay dap
(Jng iheo
tieu
chuan HACCP Code
2003.
Trong so tay
niy
cung mo la trach
nhiSm
- quyen han cua cac can bo quan ly va
ciic
thanh vien ciia doi

HACCP ve van de
lien
quan de'n an loan ve sinh thirc pham cua Trung Tam.
Pham vi
dp
dung:
H$
thong HACCP
dudc
mo ta trong so tay nay
diTdc
xay
difng
va ap dung tai
xirdng
san
xua'i thifc
pham
dinh
diTdng:
xa Trau Quy, Gia Lam. Ha Noi,
Viet
Nam. Cua Trung Tam
Thi/c
Pham Dmh Dirdng -
Vien Dinh
dirdng.
H0
thong
dUdc

mo la trong so tay niiy
dUdc
xay dirng va ap dung cho cac hoat dong
siin
xuiii
ciia
Trung
Tam bao gom tii khau mua nguyen vat lieu de'n
tchi giao
hiing cua san
phiim siJa
boi.
CHUONG 2:
TIEU CHUAN THAM KHAO
Tieu chuan HACCP Code
2003;
Quy pham thirc hanh HACCP cho
chirdng irinh
an loan
ihiTc
phiim.
quyei dinh
46/2007/BYT.
•ISO 5542 ; 1984
SiJa.
Xac djnh ham lugng protein
— Phirong
phap nhugm mau
den
Amido (Milk -

Determination of protein content - Amido black
d\e-binding
method).
TCVN 4830-89 (ISO 6888 : 1983) Vi sinh vat hgc. Huang dan chung phirong phap dim
w khiuin
staphylococcus aureus. Ky thuat dem khuan lac.
TCVN
4991
- 89 (ISO 7937 :
1985)
Vi sinh \at hoc. Huang dan chung
si
phuong phap
dim
Clostridium
perfringens. Ky thuat dem khudn lac.
TCVN
5165-90
San pham thirc pham. Phuong phap .\ac dinh tong so \
i
khuan hieu khi.
TCVN 5533 :
19991
Sua
dac
va sua bgt. Xac dinh ham lugng chat kho \a ham
lirgng
nirdc.
TCVN 5779 : 1994
SOa

bgt
v^
sua
dSc
co dudng. Phuang phap
.xac
djnh ham lirgng chi.
TCVN 5780 : 1994 Sua bgt va sua dac co dudng. Phuang phap xac dinh ham lirgng asen (As).
TCVN 6262-1 : 1997 (ISO 5541-1 :
1986)
Sira va san pham sua - Djnh lugng Coliform.
Phiin
I: Kv thuat
dem
khuSn
lac d 30 °C.
TCVN 6262-2 :
1997
(ISO 5541-2 :
1986)
Sua va san pham sua

Djnh lugng Coliform.
Phan
2:
Ky
thuat dim
s6
CO
xac suat

Idn
nhat d 30
'X'.
TCVN 6265 :
1997 (ISO 6611
: 1992) Sua \a san pham sua. Dinh lugng dan \i khuan lac
nSm
men
\a/hoac
nam
moc.
Ky
thu^t dfim
khuan lac d 25 "C.
TCVN 6400 : 1998 (ISO 707 : 1997)
SUa
va san pham sua. Hudng dan lay mau.
TCVN 6402 :
1998
(ISO 6785 :
1985)
Sua va san pham sua
-
Phil hien Salmonella.
TCVN^6505-1 :
1999 (ISO
11866-1
:
1997)
Sua va san pham

sira
- ' Djnh lugng
ll.Coli
gia dinh. Phan I: Kv
•
thu^it
dem
s6
cd xac sudt
Idn
nhdt (MPN).
TCVN 6505-2 : 1999 (ISO
11866-2
:
1997)
Sua va san pham sua - Djnh lugng
J-lColi
gia djnh. Phin 2: Kv
thuat dem so cd xac sudt ldn nhat
(MPN)
diing 4
metylumbelifervl-b-D-GlucuronitlMUG)
TCVN
6505-3
:
1999
(ISO
11866-3
:
1997)

Sua va' san
pham'siia -
Djnh luang E.Coli
m
dinh Phdn V Kv
thu^t
dem khuan lac d 44
"C
su dung mang lgc.
TCVN
6511:
1999
(ISO 8156 :
1987) SiJa
bgt \a san pham sira bdt. Xac dinh
chi s6 khdnu
hoa tan
TCVN 6685 : 2000 (ISO 14501 : 1998) Sira
^a
sira bgt - Xac djnh ham lugng
allato.Nin
NI,
I
.m\.,|,
i,i,„
,-,
ky chpn
ipc vi xic
djnh bang
sSc

ky long hieu nang cao.
^
• TCVN 6843 : 2001 (ISO 6092 ;
1980)
Siira bgt. Xac djnh do
axil
chuan do (phuong phap
chuanj.
• fcVN 7084 : 2002 (ISO 1736 : 2000) Sira bot. Xac dinh ham lugng chdt beo. Phuang phap khdi lugng (phuong
phap chudn).
CHUONG 3:
HE THONG
QUAN
LY
S.lCOCAUTOCHLfC:
A. SO DO TO
CHtrc
CUA TRUNG T.AM:
GIAM DOC TRUNG TAM
Dpi trudng HACCP
PGD phu trach
kjnh
doanh
PGD
phii
trach nghien
citu
Ke'
todn
Vattu

Ky thuat,
xudng SX
Nghien
cu-uCN
B.
CAC CONG DOAN SAN XUAT
I.
C6ng
doan nghiin nguven
lidu
1.
Vi
tri:
Phu trach cong doan nghien nguyen lieu
2.
Bao
cao:
Phu trach
xiTofng
3.
Trach
nhi$m:
•^
Chiu trach nhiem kiem Ira giam sal cac thdng so' lien quan de'n qua trinh san xua't tai cdng doan nghien
nham dam bao chat
lu'dng
va an loan ciia ban thanh pham.
•^
Kiem tra chat
Iirdng

ban thanh pham
(dUdng) trUdc
khi giao cho cac cong doan tiep theo.
•^ ThUc hi?n
ve sinh nha
xUdng,
may mdc thie't bj
trUdc
san xua't cung
nhu'
sau qua trinh siin xua't
nhilm
dam bao
ludn
sach se
.f"^
Cd trich nhiem bao cao phu trach san xua't cac van de lien quan de'n
sir
mat kiem soat cac thdng so'
trong
qua
trinh san xua't.
^
Chiu trach nhiem ve mgi
sir
khdng phii hdp trong bd phin
minh trUdc
phu trach san xua't va cdng nghe.
•^
Ghi chep va cap nhat day du ho sd theo ddi cac cdng doan

dUdc
phan cong.
<^
De xua't cic bien phap nham ngan ngira viec xuat hien
sir
khdng
phii
hdp doi vdi san pham, qui trinh
cdng nghe va he thd'ng an toan thirc pha'm theo HACCP
CODE:2003
•^
Ho trd cic cong doan khac trien khai thirc hien cdng viec khi
dUdc
phan cdng
4.
QuyIn ban
•^
De xuat cai lien cac van de
lien
quan den cdng nghe, chat lu'dng va an loan cua thirc pham.
'^
De xua't
siJa chiJa
may mdc thie't bi.
v^
Quyen
dUdc
yeu cau cung cap day dii nguon
lire
de thirc hien trach nhiem neu tren

5.
Y3u ciu
kha nang va kinh nghiem tdi thieu
'^
Tot nghiep trung hgc.
»^
ft nha't 1 nam kinh nghiem.
•^
Am hieu cic hoat dgng nganh san xua't thirc pham.
6. Uy
quyIn
khi vang mat
<^
Do phu trich san xua't phan cdng
trirc
tiep
Tdi da dgc, am hieu va cam ke't
thUc
hien Trach nhiem - Quyen han
iheo
bang nay.
II.
tdng doan trdn san pha'm
1.
Vj trf: Phu
trdch
c6ng doan trdn
2.
Bio cio: Phu trich
xt/oing