Changes in religious life, beliefs in this period in Dong Anh district = Biến đổi đời sống tôn giáo, tín ngưỡng huyện Đông Anh trong giai đoạn hiện nay

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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI
INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES

NGUYEN THI THANH HOA

CHANGES IN RELIGIOUS LIFE, BELIEFS IN THIS
PERIOD IN DONG ANH DISTRICT

Major: Vietnamese Studies
Code: 60.31.60


SUMMARY MASTER THESIS



HA NOI - 2012

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INDEX

INTRODUCTION PART Error! Bookmark not defined.
1. Imperative of the dissertation topic Error! Bookmark not defined.
2. The context of research topics Error! Bookmark not defined.
3. The aim of the thesis research Error! Bookmark not defined.
4. Objects and scope of the thesis research Error! Bookmark not defined.
5. The methodology of the thesis Error! Bookmark not defined.

6. Contribution of the thesis Error! Bookmark not defined.
7. Layout thesis Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter 1: CONTEXT OF RELIGIOUS AND BELIEFS
LIFE IN DONG ANH Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1. Introduction of Dong Anh district Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2. Changes in the economy and society of Dong
Anh district today Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3. The implementation of the Party resolution on
religious activities and beliefs of people in Dong Anh
today Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.4. Definitions Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.5. Theorical background

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Chapter 2: CHANGES IN RELIGIOUS AND BELIEF
LIFE AND ITS RELATION WITH SOCIAL- ECONOMIC
LIFE IN DONG ANH DISTRICT Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1. Changes in religiogious life in Dong Anh
district Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2. Transformation in religion life in Dong Anh
district Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3. The impacts of economic and social life on the
innovation process of religion and rituals in Dong Anh
district Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4. The influences of religious life on economic
and social life in Dong Anh district Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chater 3: TENDENCY OF CHANGES IN
RELIGIOUS LIFE, BELIEF IN DONG ANH
DISTRICT AND QUESTIONS Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1 Tendency of change and forecast overview of

religion and state management of religion in the
district of Dong Anh in the coming years. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2. A number solution to promote the positive
elements of religious life and belief for the
development of social life in Dong Anh districtError! Bookmark not defined.


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CONCLUSION Error! Bookmark not defined.

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INTRODUCTION

1. Reasons for choosing topics
Dong Anh is an ancient land of the suburbs of Hanoi,.It is a
convergence of many cultural values and spiritual material typical of
the capital. In recent years, Dong Anh is also known as ongoing
regional process of strong urbanization. The strong development of
economy and innovation in social activities has led to changes from
time to time in space activities, the content of religion, ritual
worship of the people in a suburban district. Therefore, the topic
focused on analyzing the impact of two-way relationship between
religious faith and socio- economic life, and back again to see the
clear change in the spiritual life in the trend of opening today.
Religious beliefs are an important part of cultural and
spiritual life of man, so finding out about changes in religious life,
beliefs Dong Anhalso contributes to the addition of
private meaningful data about the cultural field of Hanoi in
contemporary life. On the basis of the solution, proposed by the
authors giving out the thesis, the religious officials who are in charge

of the Dong Anh district will take steps to implement the policy on
religion, belief in an effective and consistent way with the aspiration
of people in the district. For these reasons we have chosen the topic
"Changes in religious life and beliefs in the current period" as the
direction of this research thesis.
2. The situation of research topics
The book does not mention much about Dong Anh may be
mentioned in the works of "Dong Anh with thousand years of Thang
Long - Hanoi" by Bui Xuan Dinh, issued by Ha Noi Publishing House in
2010. This book talks about natural and social conditions, festivals,
folklore, particularly emphasizing academic tradition of Dong Anh
district which does not cover many aspects of religious beliefs. The

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work "Address of Co Loa" by the authors of the Institute of Vietnamese
studies and scientific development studied in depth in many social
aspects of Co Loa as natural, social, historical and cultural conditions.,
in which part of the book is also intended to learn about religion and
beliefs of the Co Loa area - a commune of Dong Anh district.
So far no any works has ever delves into the change of
religious life, beliefs in Dong Anh in the reform process., especially,
exploited this aspect by analyzing two-way interaction between
social life in the process of reform to the cultural life of the spiritual
current period. It can be confirmed that the dissertation topic is the
first study refering to the change in religious life and belief in Dong
Anh district in the process of urbanization.
3. The aim of the thesis research
Implementating the project "Change in religious life, beliefs in
Dong Anh district during the current period" , first of all we want to
sketch the picture of the activities of religious life and beliefs of Dong

Anh district in the innovation. From there we go deeply in analysis of
two-way interaction between economic life and society in the reform
process leading to changes in religious life, beliefs and vice versa.
4. Objects and scope of the thesis research
Scope of the thesis research is to understand the
transformation of religious life and belief in Dong Anh district,
Hanoi. Change research community of Catholics in Dai Bang and Mai
Chau village which there are two reported numbers of the highest
concentration of Catholics. We exploit the transformation of
Buddhism and the cult of King An Duong Vuong Co Loa commune -
communes with a number of exciting Buddhists and Buddhist
activities, this is also where the famous festival Co Loa in and out of
place on the 6th of January every year. We chose La Vong commune
as the study of ancestor worship because it is communal rated
speed of the most urbanized district. Finally, Viet Hung commune in

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thesis was taken to learn traditional religious worship as mysteries
because the area has ever happened to the mysterious true story is
deeply imbedded in people's minds.
5. Research methods dissertation
Thesis is applied for the methodology of religious education, the
author uses specific methods of sociology and anthropology of religion,
such as survey fieldwork methods; collection methods, synthetic
methods statistics, analysis, comparison method for comparison.
6. Contribution of the thesis
First contribution of the thesis is the variable-depth analysis
of religious life, beliefs and shows typical two-way relationship
between painted religious life and beliefs of economic life,
social people in Dong Anhin the process of urbanization. Thesis put

forward some forecasts of trends in religious life, beliefs and
propose some solutions to promote the positive elements in the
religious life and beliefs to develop the economy in Dong Anh
district as well as the society of present and future.
7. Layout thesis
Thesis is organized into three chapters:
- Chapter 1: The context of religious life, beliefs, Dong Anh district.
- Chapter 2: Variation of religious life, religion and its
relationship to social life in Dong Anh district the current period.
- Chapter 3: Trends of changes in religious life and beliefs in
Dong Anh district and the issues raised.
Chapter 1:
CONTEXT OF RELIGIOUS AND BELIEFS LIFE IN DONG ANH
1.1. Introduction of Dong Anh district
1.1.1. The natural conditions
Overall, high terrain Dong Anh from north to and from the West to
creates two types of terrain. To the west and north is the high
ground, mixed with hill ranges. To the south and southeast are low-

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lying lands. On difficult terrain for cultivation, construction of
irrigation works, water regulation.
1.1.2. Economic conditions
Dong Anh, which is loacated in the middle of the Red River
Delta, has the potential to agricultural development. Both lowland
and upland areas are more favorable conditions for agricultural
development in the direction of intensive rice cultivation, planting
flowers and vegetables. The village of Dong Anh district also has many
traditional crafts such as weaving in Thuy Loi (Thuy Lam commune),
woodwork in the village Thiet Ung (Van Ha Commune), paintwork in

the village Phong Chau (Lien Ha) commune, tofu in Chai village (La
Vong commune), making noodles in Mach Trang commune
(commune Loa). The commodity economy develops make it
convenient for transportation system to facilitate trade and exchange.
1.1.3. Social conditions
Most of residents in Dong Anh district are farmers, living in
the village as a melting pot basic unit is the combination of
neighborly relations with blood relatives, self-governing nature and
very highly social.
1.1.4. Cultural conditions
Culture of the Dong ANh Village is specific of the two areas
as The North (Xu Bac) and Xu Doai that these features are structured
according to each type of village: the village in agricultural season
and in one haverst ricefield, riverside village, trade village…; in the
system of worship monuments (temples, pagodas, temples of
literature, the family church, church of celebrities).
1.2. Socio- Economic Transformation in Dong Anh district today
1.2.1 Economic restructuring
Before Doi Moi (Reform), the economic restructuring of the
district's focused on heavy industry, agriculture. During the
renovation, the economic structure was redefined: reducing the

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proportion of agriculture, increasing the proportion of trade and
services (industry - construction: 50.4%, trade, service Services:
27.8%, agriculture, forestry and fisheries: 21.8%. In agriculture, the
cultivation 44.3%, livestock 55.7%). GDP growth gained over 10% /
year on average.
1.2.1.1. Building industrial bases
Up to now, there are 758 limited liability companies, 558 joint

stock companies, 115 private enterprises, 30 state enterprises, 11 one
member limited liable state-owned companies ; over 13,000 individual
business households, 77 businesses in concentrated industrial zones. By
rearranging production innovation of management mechanism and
highlighting the role of autonomy of enterprises, as well the investment
in technology innovation, equipment, goods, and increase in productivity
and product quality, industry in Dong Anh is getting better.
1.2.1.2. Restoring the trade villages and the forming the
industrial clusters of craft villages.
Handicraft industry, craft villages and districts are interested
in the construction of infrastructure: road systems, electricity grids,
village planning, environmental remediation. Entering the market
mechanism, the handicraft industry tradition has begun to be
restored and developed its position confirmed.
1.2.1.2. Development of agricultural goods
Currently the district is to accelerate the application of
technical advances, the cultivation of rice, color of specialties, fresh
vegetable and fruit growing, breeding and development of decorative
plants with economic value (this area produces crops of high economic
value in 2000 accounted for 20% of the total area planted annually), as
well effectively exploits land potential, economic potential in four
specific areas: banks, the riverside land, depression and high lands.
1.2.2. Changes in society
1.2.2.1. The programs to create jobs, reduce poverty

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The settlement of jobs for local people has helped people's
lives less difficult. This is the motivation for economic income of
families to increase significantly compared to the previous year.
1.2.2.2.Solution to the social policies

The health, population, science and technology policies which have
helped boost people's life in the region are gradually improving in all
aspects. The visiting in families giving credit for the country and the individuals
with special circumstances have made leaders more understand people who
are of the religion or not have conditions to get closer.
1.2.3. Changes in culture
1.2.3.1. Construction of cultural institutions and the
organization of cultural and sports activities
The movement "All people unite to build cultural life" is to
promote quality and commenting culture models improved. So far,
66 hamlets (villages) gained the title as village of culture and city
district, 40 population groups of culture, 19 units of cultural district,
2 units of culture at city level, 82% cultural families.
1.2.3.2. Recovery and promotion of traditional cultural values
Dong Anh is a land of tradition with a long-term cultural history. The
district has nearly 293 historical and cultural relics, of which 108
have been classified as monuments. There is a large monument of
national stature as historical Co Loa associated with State Au Lac as
well as a system of houses, temples and pagodas 2000 years ago.
1.3. The policy of the Party and State of religion and belief
Belief, religion is the spiritual needs of some groups of
people. The Party is always consistent on implementation of
religious policies and does ensure freedom of religion, protect
against all violations of religious freedom, and against the abuse of
religion to harm the interests of the country and people. Over the
past decade, policy of respecting the freedom of religion and belief
does not just stop at the realization that actually went into the lives

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of numerous people of faith, religion, making people feel secure,

confident in policies and laws of the State to actively participate in
the patriotic emulation movement and well build good religious life.
1.4. The implementation of the Party resolution on
religious activities and beliefs by the Party Committee and
administration in Dong Anh district nowadays
1.4.1. Catholicism
Dong Anh district has 219 households with 888 inhabitants
concentrating mainly in two parishes (Dai Bang and Mai Chau). In
addition, about 151 parishioners in the town of Dong Anh and Yen
Ha, Hai Boi village. But parishioners today are living in two rural
churches in hamlet Mai Chau, Dai Mach village and Dai Bang hamlet,
Nguyen Khe village.
1.4.2. Buddhism
Currently there are 122 pagodas across the district (in which
69 pagodas have high-ranking bonzes) with 89 monks and nuns. In
2009, the District People’s Committee (DPC) wrote receipt and
appointed five Abbots for 5 pagodas, constructed and invested in
procurement of equipment for the representative boards of
Buddhism in the amount of 295 million VND.
1.4.3. The cult of King An Duong Vuong (at Co Loa Festival)
In three days of Tet and the 5th-6th of January, the festival
days of 8 communes in Loa Thanh, the communes are organized
fun, healthy and happily according to the contents of the CPC ‘s
program and festival organizers. Cultural and sports activities such
as Volleyball, Wrestling, Water puppetry, Quan ho singing, classical
drama, traditional crossbow have had many innovations,
improving the quality of sporting activities.
1.4.4. Ancestor worship
The importance of ancestor worship besides expression
through ancestor worship space in the family was shown through

the system focused on building the church, church family line. In

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recent years, many churches have been remodeled, newly
constructed. Many families contribute the cost to building temples,
churches up to several billion VND.
1.4.5. Beliefs of Folk Worship
One thing noticeable, with each commune, lane, temple as
the place for god worship has a supernatural power. The
supernaturalization of these places aim to enhance value to prevent
against vandalism, ridiculing, and also create a sanction to all
members of the village to respect and have the correct attitude
for that atmosphere.
Small conclusion
Adjacent to the capital to the north, Dong Anh has convenience in
marine and road transportation to facilitate the development of internal
and foreign trade zones. Once as the capital of the country, Dong Anh also
contains traditionally cultural characteristics, system of historic places such
as temples, pagodas, festivals, trade villages These are the basic factors
contributing to form religious life and religious richness. In recent years,
Dong Anh has been considered one of the local strong pace of
urbanization, the yearly economic growth. These changes in agriculture,
industry, handicrafts, is the cause of the transform religious an belief life
during the integration period. So far, the State of Vietnam always respects
the freedom of religion and belief. It has never advocated obstructing
normal religious activities of the people. Any religion is also located in
certain ethnic communities and managed by the State. In fact, the Dong
Anh district Party and authorities have well undertaken policies on religion
and beliefs of the Party and State.
Chapter 2: CHANGE in RELIGIOUS and beliefs LIFE and ITS

RELATIONSHIP TO Socio- eCONOMIC LIFE in CURRENT
Dong Anh District
1.1. A number of concepts
1.1.1. Religious life and beliefs

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According to the sociologist of religion, the study "religious life"
we need to consider the major aspects: First, regardless of religious
communities (religiosity, religiosote), those of the religion was, C.Glock
proposed five basic dimensions of religiosity are "ideological dimension,
rituals, social influence, experience and knowledge."
2.1.2.Life of religion
"Living life, including the middle entrusted with duties and
obligations of citizens, not always smoothly, but as an association
can not deny, can not leave. The Catholics have a duty to contribute
to the creation of God on a more extensive the practical life is to
live with, live for others. The final judgment is not about me but
about others "[17, p.280].
1.1.2. Secular life (or society).
As a citizen, not only Catholic relations in the Catholic
community but also to exercise their rights and obligations of a
citizen, there are other relations with societies (withthose with no
religion or other religions). It is through social relationships, the
active life, from community activities, economic activity, cultural,
educational, humanitarian, charity
1.2. Rationale
2.2.1. In terms of subjectives
First: The religious world today tends to enter the world and
modernization. These two trends are closely linked, as a condition
for the type of religious belief and survival of the Vietnamese

people's lives.
Second: religious life and belief in Dong Anh district have
certain changes due to the influence of the important events of the
world's major religions. Especially after the Second Vatican Council
(1962-1965), officially on 14.01.1974, a notice shall specify that
Catholics believe was held attended ceremonies honor of Mr. and
Mrs. customary first Vietnam.
1.2.2. In terms of objective

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The religions of the world tends to "re-configure the
religion." Innovation policy directed religion in late 1990, making
Vietnam has become "religious rehabilitation"substantially.
1.3. Changes in religious life in Dong Anh district
1.3.1. Changes in the religious life of Catholics
2.3.1.1 Changes in religious worship space
Two churches in rural villages in Mai Chau and Dai Bang
hamlet are spacious than before. In 1945, due to difficult economic
conditions, church in Dai Bang was erected with three
cottages. When the economy quite up, parishioners have
contributed to restored and repaired.
1.3.1.2. Time variations of ceremonies
Than before, today's church in the reading of daily is
shortened more. Typically to read the full economic, laity must take
2-hour, but now people only need 30 minutes to allocate
blessing. Changing of time aimed to pray in church to affect the
learning of children and workers. The majority of parishioners are of
working age.
1.3.1.3. Change in religious ritual
Present in the crystal bar Catholics, the laity do not kneel as

before (work shall call it in honor absolute) but this did not weigh
this issue, just as long as they were taking part in a comfortable
way most comfortable, most convenient. Receive the Eucharist in
the ritual, the ceremonial mentioned previously silent Minh City bar
placed on the laity oral exam today the ceremonial or the official
ban on hand to give Minh Thanh laity spread just asking. This applies
to the teachings of God in the ritual consecration.
2.3.1.4. Change in perception of Catholics
A significant change is the personnel director to work in
them. If as before, but people in Mai Chau village promulgate
allocation are the older people, often the first election in a

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"hereditary" this competition who are responsible for their joint
work largely reversed are young. Promulgate special team assigned
the current term, was the youngest (aged tycoon only 33).
1.3.1.4. Causes of changes in the religious life of Catholics
- Economic life can change: Formerly, economic resource
allocation based on the agricultural population, from 2000, when
plants, factories, industrial parks established in the commune, in
addition to doing agriculture, the main source of income in their
families as director of labor. Currently both catholicity co workers
make more than 200 people (almost one third of export).
- Relations with pagan marriage: another cause also affects
change in the religious activities of religious people in Dong Anh
district was viewed as a marriage with someone else. Therefore the
relationship between religious and pagan does not just stop at the
neighborhood relations but its relationship connexion. This behavior
is especially becoming more popular in recent years.
2.3.2. Changes in the religious life of Buddhists in

Dong Anh district
2.3.2.1. Changes of the educational level of the Buddhist
As of June 6th 2011, the level of monk has had many
changes in specific steps are: 1 PhD student, 1 master, 6
undergraduate and 2 intermediate Buddhism. He elections in 2011
the district has 43 monks in which 13 monks and 30 nuns to study in
tomato settled lower link China Logistics - Me Linh.
2.3.2.2. Changes of ages among people going to pagodas
Currently in Dong Anh, people going to pagodas, especially
those who participate in some Buddhist ceremony for an increase in
the number and age changes. Especially those aged over 30 to 40
. Reasonable, but people in this age began to have certain
awareness about the law "of result" so they soon went sour to do
good things, their ability to reduce sentences Buddhism charges for
children, grandchildren enjoying many blessings.

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2.3.2.3. Change in purpose of Buddhists attending pagodas
The goal also depends on the components of
professions. The people going to pagodas are from different cadres
and intellectuals, middle class, but most common were the free
labor of trade. Each person can attend temple, pagodas again with
different purposes ,
2.3.2.4. Changes in time for going to churchs and pagodas
If as before, people only come to the temple on the day after, on
expectations, the two dates associated with lunar inhabitants wished for
agriculture and better weather. Nowadays, with the industrial production
growth, people appear more practical in needs: good luck to do business,
passing to descendants, being promoted Should the women no longer
attend temple under a full moon or monthly nets they come to the

temple whenever in a big family.
1.4. Changes in belief Dong Anh district
1.4.1. The cult of King An Duong Vuong
1.4.1.1 Change in time organization
But in 1940 - 1945, Loa festival took place in 14 days from
the 4th to the 18th Chinese New Year in January. Currently only
festival takes place in 3 days from 4th to 6th Tet Tet. The main cause
of this change by relic Loa is in the process of planning, not the full
reconstruction of the festival rituals in traditional Loa.
1.4.1.2 Change in crystal physics offerings
Previously, the selection but worshiping in the festival are
followed closely. People will have speakers and some surrounding villages
do not burn incense in the nail moon station, abstain from killing moon
station, but did not even raise the white animals such as thousands of
white, white buffalo range in their minds, ga moon is close Statistics do two
things to build transparency bar of An Duong Vuong. Now, the rule was
extended to more people in the village still raising moon station, but just to
eat or sell, not used in sacrifice. Sacrifice on the cross provides mainly gas
and away to burn incense in it.

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2.4.1.3. Component changes the organization
Before the August Revolution, asked government officials in
Co Loa were assigned to be in charge: from sacrifice, to train to the
establishment of the committee, formed as the major social
occasion. From 1995 to present, component, multi-organizational
changes were made, local authorities, the management of
monuments and promoted in collaboration with local people to
organize festivities to Co Loa.
1.4.1.4. Modified components of the ceremony

Currently, ceremonial elements also have a change. If
before, to be selected on the main social numbness in the right, one
has to qualify this: Family culture, docile children, husband and wife
in harmony, full son, gai, in local prestigious methods,
understanding social customs hall, but usually high degree
1.4.1.5 Change in scale worship space
Previously, three rounds into the area is quite large, the
results of surveys over the years have shown the presence of three
rounds of the ancient moat along rivers and lakes and many hills,
heaps, accumulated land as a Court a large scale with a total
circumference of almost 16.000m and an area of 46ha. Until now
numbers about three rounds to have changed significantly: The
length of all three rounds remaining 11.840m equivalent to only
74.8% compared to before.
2.4.2. Changes in the cult of ancestors
2.4.2.1. Transforming Worship time
• Maintaining the worship time
In the continuous tradition of ancestor worship, the
Vietnamese people attach importance to the wind on loss (also
known as the Japanese) is usually calculated by the lunar calendar
(also known as day one). Today, the people, remains a particularly
important opportunity for people to remember ancestors. According
to research we have conducted, most people believe that La Vong is

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the most important anniversary with a corresponding percentage
was 80%, only 20% said anniversary and holiday information and
expectations of care equal weight.
• Be more flexible about the time
Up to 40% of those surveyed responded that they worship

their ancestors in the afternoon. Because their opinion, 11 is now
the patrol, then 12 hours notice is the adoration of heaven with
heavenly work. Thus, ancestor worship conducted in the period
from 11 to 12 are at the office can hear the ceremony and vows
statements of the owner. It has 40% of the population ancestral to
at any time have fun sad to report to their ancestors professed.
• Shorten the time
Particularly Tet Ha Nguyen, although 90% of people
answered that, out of habit, whether or not the family farm is still
worship their ancestors but also 10% of interviewees said that for
now sale of land, not agriculture should not worship on this day, the
new rice ceremony.
• Increased time
In the life cycle rituals, most people La Vong Commune
ancestor worship on the occasion of the birth there (80%), full-year
celebration for children (70%), holiday lane miles (95%), food
festival questions and married (100%). Initiations for children going
to school no one in the commune ancestor worship.
2.4.2.2. Change the worship space
100% of the interviewed families have ancestral
altar. Besides the ancestral altar, with 16% of the families she has
her altar, Mr. Meng; 16% of the family altar also has the mental and
15% of the family altar of the soil there. Although there are many
family altars, but 100% of family respondents agreed that the altar is
the most important ancestor. This number is sufficient to say that,
for La Vong commune cult of ancestors is extremely deep.
2.4.2.3. Changes in offerings offerings

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• The trend to diversify offerings offerings.

100% of the depth interview and answered the questionnaire
said that their day of Tet is offering tray of five fruits, green cake. Over
95% of offering baked goods, candy, fruit of all kinds on Mid-Autumn
Festival. Over 92% offered the bitter fruit on Tet Doan Ngo.
2.4.2.4. Changes in ritual practice
90.47% of survey respondents had regularly devout 3 months
before and after invoking the ancestors. 90.06% of respondents
regularly enjoy the buds before Thanksgiving.However, under the
influence of the urbanization process, at present, the ritual practice is
changing in two clear trends: democratization and simplified.
2.4.2.5. Change in purpose and persuasion.
The survey results showed that only 5/63, accounting for
7.93% pray better weather.Although residents of traditional rice
agriculture but there are too few people wish to reap a bumper
crop. Page out of their fields, people living hammock is sad
experience with many trades, particularly trade. Take away the
identity of thousands of farmers into the market place, they are not
the true entrepreneur. That is the reason why only 5/63, accounting
for 7.93% select wholesale may sell expensive aspirations.
2.4.3. Changed the lives of folk beliefs
2.4.3.1. Forms and manifestations of popular religion in the
supernatural space: the epiphany of the drug, the expression in the
form of strange phenomena.
2.4.3.2. Characteristics of folk beliefs
About time: The time of or phenomenon occurs often in the early
morning, noon or after midnight. Especially at delivery time such as late
nights in winter, early spring is considered that the time or most appear.
On the subject see that: The majority are women, usually
middle-aged people or more, these people are considered as
"rogue" so that teasing or.

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2.4.3.3. Characteristics of the space "supernature"
• Natural Ecology
- Diversity of flora or trees
- The remote wasteland or far from the residence
- Where adjoining areas, neighbors in the village, the village
with the same origin or the boundary between the parishes.
- Where strange trees and strange objects
• Human Ecology
- The group of colored space history and religious
communities, religious including the temple, a prostitute (Temple
beings, neighbors Temple, whore Roof First, Upper Temple Gate,
Temple Dinh Trung, optimistic outlook).
- Group of related spatial boundaries, geographical area of
residence: Lake, village entrance (The garden, sloping Dinh Trung,
gate wells, strikes north, the Almost, mounds West Temple).
- The group of space-related production space: the same
requirements (ao Church, for Sen).
2.4.3.4. The supernatural space of the ecology, behavior
shows that between man and nature.
In fact, most desolate place, many wild plants are often home
to many species of insects, animals that are most harmful animals. The
sacred space of the people that helped to create invisible line but
sustainable and limit the intervention of the villagers as well as to the
possible risks for the population living in villages.
2.4.3.5. The natural sacred flower, showing how humans
behave among humans
The sacred space of the group related to the historical
tradition is an expression of the beauty of the Vietnamese culture,

which is the traditional source of drinking water, remember, honor
those who have contributed to the village, whose land water.
2.4.3.6. Changes persuasion

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The belief here is that strengthened after several cases of
drowning in it. In essence, the church was formed from the pond
excavation bricks of some households in the village, it becomes
invisible common where water for the surrounding area (previously,
urban land which is vacant) . Beliefs about the epiphany of the
Church at the pond that reflects how people behave, by the fact this
is also where many young children to play and bathe in the pond.
2.4.3.7. Change in landscape ecology of belief space
The cause of the change in 14 locations served as the sacred
space with:
- Subject to the direct effects, powerful people, landscapes
altered in part or whole.
- Decrease or disappearance of flora diversity.
- Formation of new ecological landscape in which landscape
ecology and humanity prevails.
2.4.3.8. Changes in human relations beliefs River in space
The relationship of the village community has changed as
the space of belief change. If the former is mainly kin relationships,
mainly villages, today the relationship between the village with
other local people through the exchange of trade, as the new job.
1.5. The impact of economic life - in the process of
social renewal in religious life, beliefs, Dong Anh district.
1.5.1. The process of urbanization affects the spatial area
of religious activities and beliefs in Dong Anh.
On some people the Co Loa planted timber trees, fruit trees

and ornamental plants. It is also a protective measure, but the
allocation to segments of population to arable use also has the
downside of it. The digging, leveling would be washed into the fast
and the occupied land held strong personal purposes.
1.5.2. Industrial lifestyle habits that affect the religious
activities and beliefs of people in Dong Anh today.

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Vietnamese Catholics with multiple different forms is affected
by beliefs of traditional ancestor worship. This is in mourning rites with
dead 3 days, 100 days, pears same profile, same college, sable, shall be
held mourning period, a number of factors the traditional supply.
1.5.3. The economic changes in families affect religious
activities and beliefs of people in Dong Anh.
If before, we still see poor families do not have the ancestral
home, the family has their own today despite economic
difficulties. Along with economic development, the small church page
or put incense on top of cabinets temporary subsidy period was
gradually replaced by a fixed altar styles with more solemn and
beautiful. Placement is also the ancestral focus. Today, to put an altar, it
is no longer any arbitrary place as before but also need to look towards
the altar, the altar to see the size in height, length, width. On the altar
or loading place incense is also an important family event. The family
conditions, it is common for a private room, on the top floor, or clean
the area and most formal room in the house to worship.
2.6. The impact of religious life and beliefs to political,
economic, social Dong Anh district
2.6.1. Affect political life
On the positive side: religious life, religion in general and the
spiritual life of people in Dong Anh district in particular (especially

the ethical and ritual behavior) has contributed to an
effective, creating a lasting stability, a good example of the sense of
national independence for all classes of people to follow.
On the negative side: religious life, beliefs always been the
enemy forces to take advantage of political stability, reducing the will to
strive for the believers. At the same time, it is also the agent causing the
split, breaking the stability, the community social structure.
2.6.2. Affecting the economic life

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Trend of urbanization in the region, Dong Anh has become
one of the suburban districts of Hanoi leading the rate of economic
development. The industrial parks, factories appear for large scale,
especially in Nguyen Khe commune, La Vong, Kim Chung, Dai Bang,
Hai Boi so the economic life of people in the area has changed
significantly . Delivery of the 200 households in two villages in two
remote, over 100 households have to do business well. 100% of
Catholics have built a level 4 or higher.
2.6.3. Affecting the social life
In collective activities local, who is said to have The
enthusiastic response activities phat government action such as
movement but the family help wounded soldiers and their families
have contributed to the revolution, those who difficulties
encountered, how large the disaster area destroyed Especially in
traffic in the parish promulgate their child has a younger
professional director in charge of informal visits have three children
disadvantaged, disabled people
2.6.4. Affect cultural life, education
Not a different person as director when Catholic family lost
someone, they do not provide pears held 3 days, 49 days, ever, exhibits

improved rural Catholics eagles, they just perhaps the first hour,
but nor money to burn incense which only children on to offer a new
dining. Specifically, net of civilization in a Catholic funeral is in how they
make "deeply bury" it will lower blood after using cement to build graves
definitely, absolutely no evidence as perhaps the outsider leadership.
Small conclusion
The changes in religious life and beliefs of people in Dong
Anh is a concrete manifestation of life "director" and "secular". Life
can be expressed by the religious ceremonies in the worship space,
through teaching, canon law, but joined the Christians must
follow. However, religion is really ingrained in the minds of people

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through each generation, the religious Dong Anh is now looking for
trends with the secularization of religious worship is somewhat
simpler to accordance with the psychology of people, in accordance
with modern life. The emergence of dense industrial zones,
factories, Ltd. has made people's lives in Dong Anh is "change meat" each
day. When economic life richer people, the religious space: churches,
temples are remodeling, new construction.
The changes in economic life has a direct effect to the
changes of religious life, beliefs, Dong Anh district. According
proccess, the change in the spiritual life has repercussions on the
political, economic, cultural, social and education. When oriented
properly, religious activities and beliefs will have a positive effect: to
help promote economic development in the area, making life more
abundant cultural, social activities effective contrast when
suppressed, it would prohibit disorderly social security, as the basis
for the rampant evils, more dangerous, it becomes a vulnerability to
enemy attack on the political system.

Chapter 3: Changes in trend of religious and beliefs in Dong Anh
1.1. Trends in religious and belief life in the current period
1.1.1. Appearance of "new religious phenomenon"
In eastern England, in recent years the phenomenon of "islands"
are showing signs of return. In 2010, there were 200 believers Maitreya
the Long Hoa organized a pilgrimage at Temple pagoda and countryside
Uncle. Lead in Setting is strictly Huu Thanh Binh, Ha and Dong Dao Van
Kieu Bridge Both, Loa, but not ostentatious slogan or propaganda.The
number of people active mainly at the family church, with no expression
and gatherings, illegal preaching.
1.1.2. The challenges of religion, belief in modern society
- The legal challenge: The problem recognized organizations
"small religious group".The legal challenges to the "small religious
group" in Vietnam is in place in recent years.

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- The challenge to the culture, cultural identity in Vietnam
before the phenomenon of religious diversity: Vietnam is a country
which has a rich religious system, long life with three main parts: the
religious, indigenous beliefs (corresponding to three levels:
economic self at home, village and national level).
3.2. Forecast overview of religion and state management
of religion in the district of Dong Anh in the coming years
First: Do the characteristics of economic geography in Dong
Anh, religion and religious activities may be legal, the strange,
popular beliefs will tend to thrive.
Second: The act of religious activity illegal will also place
more complex.
Third: The variation in many aspects of social life in Dong
Anh district and the country makes the beliefs, religious traditions

despite secularization trying to adapt to the times can not be
satisfied with new problems arise.
Fourth: The situation in the country and world with the
complicated challenges of globalization will continue to increase.
1.2. A number of measures to promote the positive
elements of religious life, beliefs associated with the development
of social life in Dong Anh district.
1.3.1. Solutions related to promotion of cultural and
historic value of religious beliefs.
The places of worship of religious prayer, faith has a place in the
cultural life of the people, just as buildings of the era to the tourists to
visit, sightseeing and prayer, the sectors function together with the
Department of sports and cultural tourism unified classification of
religious monuments and cultural places of worship in the ranked
national monuments in the district in accordance with law and legal.
1.3.2. Solutions related to the nature of the religious political