Tài liệu đọc tiếng anh 6 1 en40

Read the text and choose the best answer.
This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to
understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge
to improve our health and fitness. Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle of our
hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome is still
adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity and
long stretches of inertia.
Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and
10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both. For men, this would
have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns,
perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill. Women may not have
had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of
water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children. If modern hunter-gatherers are
anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15
kilometres or more on each trip. Women may have gathered food every two or three days.
There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such
as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing.
Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle of
our Palaeolithic ancestors
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. the sudden movements required during their daily activities 
Read the text and complete the sentence below.
COURSE GUIDELINES
Assignments
Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by
human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a
report. This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today. If you opt to
produce an artefact, (e.g. a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be
expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
There are………types of assignment to choose from.
Chọn một câu trả lời: c. 2 
Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph.

The concept of the rocket, or rather the mechanism behind the idea of propelling an object
into the air, has been around for well over two thousand years. However, it wasn’t until the
discovery of the reaction principle, which was the key to space travel and so represents one
of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought, that rocket technology was able
to develop. Not only did it solve a problem that had intrigued man for ages, but, more
importantly, it literally opened the door to exploration of the universe.
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. The impact of the reaction principle 
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years
ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both. For men, this would have meant
lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent
struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill. Women may not have had such intense
exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food,


digging up tubers, and carrying children. If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by,
men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on
each trip. Women may have gathered food every two or three days. There would also have
been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and
tool making, and probably dancing.
Our ancestors must have evolved cardiovascular, metabolic and thermoregulatory systems
capable of sustaining high-level aerobic exertion under the hot African sun, according to
Loren Cordain of the Human Performance Laboratory at Colorado State University. And
given that the Palaeolithic era ended only an evolutionary blink of an eye ago, we ignore
its legacy at our peril. Cordain and his colleagues point out that in today's developed
societies, inactivity is associated with disease. Contemporary hunter- gatherer societies
rarely experience these modern killers, they say.
This is where De Vany's exercise ideas come in. 'The primary objectives for any exercise
and diet programme must be to counter hyper-insulinaemia (chronically elevated insulin)
and hypoexertion (wasting of the body's lean mass through inactivity),' he writes in his

forthcoming book about evolutionary exercise. Exercise and diet are linked. For example,
says De Vany, our appetite control mechanisms work best when our activity mimics that of
our ancestors. But he feels that most modern exercise regimes are not hitting the mark.
Cordain compares modern hunter-gatherer societies to Paleolithic societies in terms
of their…..
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. resistance to certain fatal illnesses 
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been a
popular tourist destination. Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute
Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara
River in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the
U.S. side of the river in the state of New York. Approximately 85 percent of the water that
goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American
Falls.
Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take
a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view. It is
also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the
Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation
towers which have heights up to 500 feet.
Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual
visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year. Because of concern that all
these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the
state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land
surrounding American Falls. A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the
Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls. With the area surrounding the falls
under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to
preserve the pristine beauty of the area.
A "steamer” in paragraph 2 is probably
Chọn một câu trả lời: d. A boat 
Read the text and choose the best answer.

He also argues that most people do not train the right muscles for that ultimately attractive
- and adaptive - quality of symmetry. 'Symmetry is a reliable evolutionary clue to health,'
he says. 'Tumours and pathologies produce gross asymmetries, and our love of symmetry
reflects the reproductive success of our ancestors, who were sensitive to these clues.' He
strives for the X-look - a symmetrical balance of mass in the shoulder girdle, upper chest
and back, the calves and lower quads, two of the four large muscles at the front of the
thighs. This also makes men look taller, he adds, 'another reliable evolutionary clue that
women use to find good genes'.
The hunter-gatherer lifestyle indicates that women should exercise only a little less
intensely than men, says De Vany. 'Women are opportunistic hunters who go after small
game when they come across it. They also climb trees to capture honey and snare birds.
And have you ever seen how much work it is to dig out a deep tuber?' Women benefit
enormously from strength work, he says. It increases their bone density and they get and
stay leaner by building muscle mass. 'Today's women are so weak [compared with their
female ancestors].'
Female exercise programmes should vary according to the shape of the individual.
Chọn một câu trả lời: b. NOT GIVEN 
Read the text and choose the best answer.
De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and frequency, and
increase intensity. 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme
intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a professor of economics at the Institute of Mathematical
Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Irvine. His approach to fitness
combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems.
In the paragraph, De Vany recommends that people should….
Chọn một câu trả lời: b. exercise harder but for less time. 
Read the text and choose the best answer.
De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise should mix order
and chaos. 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation in

the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says. Likewise, most weight training is
governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming. He gives his own workout a
chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions. To these brief but
intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in
intensity and duration. These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis,
basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders.
Which type of activity does de Vany criticise as being harmful?
Chọn một câu trả lời: d. aerobic exercise 
Read the text and choose the best answer.
CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information
Luggage
We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small
holdall can also be taken on board the coach.
Seat Allocation


Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since
allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable. When
bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach
at that time.
Travel Documents
When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and
labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date.
Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver
or courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point.
Special Diets
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the
diet. This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach
breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price
range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets. Any extra costs

incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
Accommodation
Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private
facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page. Other coach breaks have a
limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be
reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the
price panel will be added to your account.
On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms. When a single room
is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the
brochure page.
Entertainment
Some of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music, dancing,
film shows, etc. The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the
discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a
lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel.
If you want to sit at the front of the coach…….
Chọn một câu trả lời: b. book your seat well in advance 
Read the text and choose the best answer.
This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to
understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge
to improve our health and fitness. Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle of our
hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome is still
adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity and
long stretches of inertia.
Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and
10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both. For men, this would
have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns,
perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill. Women may not have
had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of

water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children. If modern hunter-gatherers are
anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15
kilometres or more on each trip. Women may have gathered food every two or three days.
There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such
as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing.
Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle of
our Palaeolithic ancestors?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. the difficulties involved in finding food
b. the aggressive nature of their negotiations with others
 c. their size compared to that of modem man
d. the fact that life was equally energetic for both sexes
Read the text and choose the best answer.
De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and frequency, and
increase intensity. 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme
intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a professor of economics at the Institute of Mathematical
Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Irvine. His approach to fitness
combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems.
This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to
understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge
to improve our health and fitness. Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle of our
hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome is still
adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity and
long stretches of inertia.
What term does De Vany use to describe his approach to physicalexercise?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. evolutionary fitness
b. growing efforts
c. health and fitness

d. ancient rhythm
Read the text and complete the sentence below.
COURSE GUIDELINES
Assignments
Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by
human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a
report. This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today. If you opt to
produce an artefact, (e.g. a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be
expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
You need to follow these steps:
•Find out precisely what is expected of you. Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus
document.
•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate.


•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much
time you can seriously devote to it.
A working model must be accompanied by………of some sort.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. written explanation
b. production
c. study
d. investigation
The word “jurisdiction" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
Chọn một câu trả lời: d. control 
Which TWO opposing factors does De Vany say an exercise programmeshould
include?
Chọn một câu trả lời: d. order and chaos 
The passage implies that tourists prefer to
Chọn một câu trả lời: d. visit Niagara Falls during warmer weather

The expression "given rise to” in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by
Chọn một câu trả lời: b. spurred the creation of 
The word "flock” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by
Chọn một câu trả lời: b. come in large numbers
Geographical features have played a role inhumanphysical development.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. TRUE
b. NOT GIVEN
c. FALSE 
According to the passage, which of the following best describes Niagara Falls?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. The Niagara River has two falls, one in Canada and one in the
United States 
Topics must be based on……………
Chọn một câu trả lời: c. a real-life problem 
Which type of exercise does De Vany practise on a regular basis?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. weight training
b. trekking
c. aerobic exercise
d. hitting softballs 
What do you learn about Art De Vany in the paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. He is older than he appears to be.
b. He works as a professional sports player.
c. He frequently tests his health.
d. He believes he has inherited a strong body. 
A blue moon could best be described as
Chọn một câu trả lời: c. a full moon that is not blue in color
If you need a special diet you should……
If you need a special diet you should

Read the text and choose the best answer.
Chọn một câu trả lời: d. tell the coach company. 


The main topic discussed in the text is……..
Chọn một câu trả lời: d. a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes 
The importance of genetic differences in deciding on an exercise programme is
minimal.
Chọn một câu trả lời: c. TRUE 
The expression “right up” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by
Chọn một câu trả lời: b. all the way up
How does the author feel about the fence?
Chọn một câu trả lời: b. impressed
It may be necessary to pay extra for……..
Chọn một câu trả lời: c. a bathroom. 
In the paragraph the writer suggests that…….
Chọn một câu trả lời: b. there are several ways to avoid city pollution. 
EPRI receives financial support from
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. power companies 
As a result of their experiments, Dr Corsi’s team found that ………
Chọn một câu trả lời: b. indoor pollution rivals outdoor pollution 
The word “hue" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
Chọn một câu trả lời: c. color 
Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph.
An intellectual breakthrough, brilliant though it may be, does not automatically ensure that
the transition is made from theory to practice. Despite the fact that rockets had been used
sporadically for several hundred years, they remained a relatively minor artefact of
civilisation until the twentieth century. Prodigious efforts, accelerated during two world
wars, were required before the technology of primitive rocketry could be translated into the
reality of sophisticated astronauts. It is strange that the rocket was generally ignored by

writers of fiction to transport their heroes to mysterious realms beyond the Earth, even
though it had been commonly used in fireworks displays in China since the thirteenth
century. The reason is that nobody associated the reaction principle with the idea of
travelling through space to a neighbouring world.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. How the reaction principle
b. The first use of steam
c. Writers’ theories of the reaction principle
 d. The impact of the reaction principle
Read the text and complete the sentence below.
COURSE GUIDELINES
Assignments
Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by
human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a
report. This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today. If you opt to
produce an artefact, (e.g. a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be
expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
You need to follow these steps:
•Find out precisely what is expected of you. Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus
document.


•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate.
•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much
time you can seriously devote to it.
In order to understand the purpose of the assignment, students are advised to
read…………….
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. the syllabus document
b. written explanation

c. production d. study 
Read the text and complete the sentence below.
COURSE GUIDELINES
Assignments
Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by
human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a
report. This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today. If you opt to
produce an artefact, (e.g. a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be
expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
You need to follow these steps:
•Find out precisely what is expected of you. Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus
document.
•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate.
•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much
time you can seriously devote to it.
Choosing a topic
Remember that this course is essentially concerned with the achievement of desired ends.
So first identify a real-life problem, then consider it in detail, specify a precise need and
then define your design task. As you plan, wherever possible, consider using new
materials, techniques and technology such as computer-aided design (CAD).
There is nothing wrong with talking to knowledgeable people about your project; in fact,
this shows initiative. However, the project is yours so you must do the work yourself.
You will need a fairly flexible plan because sometimes resources, apparatus and
consumables may not be available when you need them. It is a good idea to work
backwards when planning so you know you will meet your final deadline. Finally, when
you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs.
To avoid handing the assignment in late, it is suggested that students…………
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. work plan backwards 
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been a

popular tourist destination. Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute
Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara
River in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the
U.S. side of the river in the state of New York. Approximately 85 percent of the water that


goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American
Falls.
Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take
a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view. It is
also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the
Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation
towers which have heights up to 500 feet.
Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual
visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year. Because of concern that all
these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the
state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land
surrounding American Falls. A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the
Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls. With the area surrounding the falls
under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to
preserve the pristine beauty of the area.
What is the major point that the author is making in this passage?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. Niagara Falls can be viewed from either the American side or the
Canadian side. b. It has been necessary to protect Niagara Falls from the many tourists who
go there. c. Niagara Falls has had an interesting history
d. A trip to the United States isn't complete without a visit to Niagara Falls. 
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been a
popular tourist destination. Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute
Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara

River in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the
U.S. side of the river in the state of New York. Approximately 85 percent of the water that
goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American
Falls.
Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take
a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view. It is
also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the
Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation
towers which have heights up to 500 feet.
Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual
visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year. Because of concern that all
these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the
state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land
surrounding American Falls. A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the
Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls. With the area surrounding the falls
under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to
preserve the pristine beauty of the area.
According to the passage, why was Niagara Park created?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. To protect the area around Niagara Falls
Read the text and choose the best answer.
CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information


Luggage
We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small
holdall can also be taken on board the coach.
Seat Allocation
Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since
allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable. When
bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach

at that time.
Travel Documents
When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and
labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date.
Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver
or courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point.
Special Diets
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the
diet. This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach
breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price
range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets. Any extra costs
incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
Accommodation
Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private
facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page. Other coach breaks have a
limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be
reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the
price panel will be added to your account.
On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms. When a single room
is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the
brochure page.
Entertainment
Some of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music, dancing,
film shows, etc. The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the
discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a
lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel.
Your air tickets……
Chọn một câu trả lời: b. will be sent to your departure point. a. may be held by your coach
driver. c. must be collected before leaving d. will be enclosed with other documents.
Read the text and choose the best answer.

There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon. When people
say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens only very
rarely, once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a
half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth
century.


The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any
given calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is
particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead, it
is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to
complete the cycle from full moon to full moon. Because every month except Febmary has
more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which
will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another full
moon at the very beginning of March). It is or the occasion when a given calendar month
has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often, only
three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of
their color however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in
reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain
natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon
from Earth. The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the
atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint. This particular
occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today.
Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the
Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint.
According to the passage, the moon actually looked blue
Chọn một câu trả lời: c. after large volcanic eruptions
Read the text and choose the best answer.
This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to

understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge
to improve our health and fitness. Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle of our
hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome is still
adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity and
long stretches of inertia.
Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years
ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both. For men, this would have meant
lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent
struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill. Women may not have had such intense
exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food,
digging up tubers, and carrying children. If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by,
men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on
each trip. Women may have gathered food every two or three days. There would also have
been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and
tool making, and probably dancing.
Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle of
our Palaeolithic ancestors
Chọn một câu trả lời:
c. the long distances between neighbours’ homes
a. the fact that life was equally energetic for both sexes
b. their size compared to that of modern man
d. the predictable frequency of physical activity
Read the text and choose the best answer.


A war has been going on for almost a hundred years between the sheep farmers of
Australia and the dingo, Australia’s wild dog. To protect their livelihood, the farmers built
a wire fence, 3,307 miles of continuous wire mesh, reaching from the coast of South
Australia all the way to the cotton fields of eastern Queensland, just short of the Pacific
Ocean.

Why was the fence built?
Chọn một câu trả lời: d. to protect the Australian wool industry 
Read the text and choose the the most suitable heading.
It has long been known that a part of the brain called the hypothalamus is responsible for
regulating hunger, among other things. But it wasn't until 1994 that Professor Jeffery
Friedman from Rockerfeller University in the US sent science in a new direction by
studying an obese mouse. Prof. Friedman found that unlike its thin brothers, the fat mouse
did not produce a hitherto unknown hormone called leptin. Manufactured by the fat cells,
leptin acts as a messenger, sending signals to the hypothalamus to turn off the appetite.
Previously, the fat cells were thought to be responsible simply for storing fat. Prof.
Friedman gave the fat mouse leptin and it lost 30% of its body weight in two weeks.
What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. Rodent research leads the way
Read the text and choose the best answer.
The Fence is Australia’s version of the Great Wall of China, but even longer, erected to
keep out hostile invaders, in this case hordes of yellow dogs. The empire it preserves is that
of the woolgrowers, sovereigns of the world’s second largest sheep flock, after China’s some 123 million head - and keepers of a wool export business worth four billion dollars.
Never mind that more and more people - conservationists, politicians, taxpayers and
animal lovers - say that such a barrier would never be allowed today on ecological
grounds. With sections of it almost a hundred years old, the dog fence has become, as
conservationist Lindsay Fair weather ruefully admits, ‘an icon of Australian frontier
ingenuity’.
On what point do the conservationists and politicians agree?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. The fence poses a threat to the environment
Read the text and choose the best answer.
A stumbling block
However, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster
that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around
the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on
live thunderclouds next summer.

Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies.
But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to
develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. ‘I cannot say I
have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming
field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts ‘an
avalanche of interest and support’ if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers
eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each.


Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials
scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes
to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but
controlling it. ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says.
And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces.
‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says. Thunder, the shock wave
that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is
typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps
preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm
clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.
The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to
its………………..
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. the trigger b. money c. interactive meteorology d. size
Read the text and choose the most suitable heading.
It took only one night, spent in a sealed room at the Dunn Unit to disabuse one of their
patients of the beliefs of a lifetime: her metabolism was fast, not slow. By sealing the room
and measuring the exact amount of oxygen she used, researchers were able to show her
that her metabolism was not the culprit. It wasn't the answer she expected and probably not
the one she wanted but she took the news philosophically.
What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. Proof of the truth 

Read the text and complete the sentence below.
COURSE GUIDELINES
Assignments
Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by
human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a
report. This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today. If you opt to
produce an artefact, (e.g. a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be
expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
You need to follow these steps:
•Find out precisely what is expected of you. Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus
document.
•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate.
•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much
time you can seriously devote to it.
Choosing a topic
Remember that this course is essentially concerned with the achievement of desired ends.
So first identify a real-life problem, then consider it in detail, specify a precise need and
then define your design task. As you plan, wherever possible, consider using new
materials, techniques and technology such as computer-aided design (CAD).
There is nothing wrong with talking to knowledgeable people about your project; in fact,
this shows initiative. However, the project is yours so you must do the work yourself.


You will need a fairly flexible plan because sometimes resources, apparatus and
consumables may not be available when you need them. It is a good idea to work
backwards when planning so you know you will meet your final deadline. Finally, when
you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs.
As well as being cost effective, the method chosen must also be…………………
Chọn một câu trả lời: c. safe
Read the text and choose the best answer.

There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon. When people
say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens only very
rarely, once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a
half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth
century.
The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any
given calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is
particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead, it
is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to
complete the cycle from full moon to full moon. Because every month except Febmary has
more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which
will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another full
moon at the very beginning of March). It is or the occasion when a given calendar month
has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often, only
three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of
their colon however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in
reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain
natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon
from Earth. The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the
atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint. This particular
occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today.
Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the
Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint.
How long has the expression “once in a blue moon" been around?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. For 200 years b. For less than 100 years c. For around 50 years
d. For more than 100 years
Read the text and choose the best answer.
These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as
bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed

to be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have
been somewhat inflated.
The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of honeybee
and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when African strain
was imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their
aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their


European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working and
continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have
occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is
actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks
have a chemical cause. A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not
aggressive by nature. However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its
stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the
chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees. As other bees
approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other
bees and causing them to sting. The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to
travel in large cluster or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of
isoamyl acetate.
Why were African bees considered beneficial?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. They spent their time traveling. b. They were very aggressive.
c. They produced an unusual type of honey. d. They hid from inclement weather.
Read the text and choose the best answer.
A stumbling block
However, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster
that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around
the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on

live thunderclouds next summer.
Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies.
But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to
develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. ‘I cannot say I
have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming
field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts ‘an
avalanche of interest and support’ if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers
eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each.
Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials
scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes
to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but
controlling it. ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says.
And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces.
‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says. Thunder, the shock wave
that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is
typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps
preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm
clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.
Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels’s system.
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. NOT GIVEN b. TRUE c. FALSE 
Read the text and choose the best answer.


Seldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury
inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the alone. As the clouds
roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a
lone golfer may be a lightning bolt’s most inviting target. And there is damage to property
too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year.
But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in
laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms,

and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they
will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can
strike.
The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In
the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up
an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The
technique survives to this day at a test site in run by the of , with support from the
Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in . EPRI, which is funded by power
companies, is looking at ways to protect the ’ power grid from lightning strikes. ‘We can
cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets,’ says Ralph Bernstein,
manager of lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements
of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.
According to the text, every year lightning…..
Chọn một câu trả lời: b. kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world. a.
damages more than 100 American power companies. c. kills or injures mainly golfers in
the United States d. does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms
Read the text and choose the most suitable heading.
In Australia, the University of Sydney's Professor Ian Caterson says while major genetic
defects may be rare, many people probably have minor genetic variations that combine to
dictate weight and are responsible for things such as how much we eat, the amount of
exercise we do and the amount of energy we need. When you add up all these little
variations, the result is that some people are genetically predisposed to putting on weight.
He says while the fast/slow metabolism debate may have been settled, that doesn't mean
some other subtle change in the metabolism gene won't be found in overweight people. He
is confident that science will, eventually, be able to 'cure' some forms of obesity but the
only effective way for the vast majority of overweight and obese people to lose weight is a
change of diet and an increase in exercise.
What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời: c. Lifestyle change required despite new findings 
Read the text and choose the best answer.

Bad behaviour
But while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning
strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1,200 each, can only be fired
at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do
trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. ‘Lightning is not perfectly
well behaved,’ says Bernstein. ‘Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it
wasn’t supposed to go.’


And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? ‘What goes
up must come down,’ points out Jean-Claude Diels of the . Diels is leading a project,
which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a
basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at
risk. With around $500,000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the
laboratory.
The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability
to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of
ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to
guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the
air in an uncontrollable surge. To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed
straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky.
The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by. Ideally, the cloudzapper (gun) would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and
portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm
clouds
Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.
Chọn một câu trả lời: c. FALSE 
Read the text and choose the best answer.
The Fence is Australia’s version of the Great Wall of China, but even longer, erected to
keep out hostile invaders, in this case hordes of yellow dogs. The empire it preserves is that
of the woolgrowers, sovereigns of the world’s second largest sheep flock, after China’s some 123 million head - and keepers of a wool export business worth four billion dollars.

Never mind that more and more people - conservationists, politicians, taxpayers and
animal lovers - say that such a barrier would never be allowed today on ecological
grounds. With sections of it almost a hundred years old, the dog fence has become, as
conservationist Lindsay Fair weather ruefully admits, ‘an icon of Australian frontier
ingenuity’.
To appreciate this unusual outback I monument and to meet the people whose livelihoods
depend on it, I spent part of an Australian autumn travelling the wire. It’s known by
different names in different states: the Dog Fence in South Australia, the Border Fence in
New South Wales and the Barrier Fence in Queensland. I would call it simply the Fence.
Why did the author visit Australia?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. because he was interested in life around the fence 
Read the text and choose the best answer.
CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information
Luggage
We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small
holdall can also be taken on board the coach.
Seat Allocation
Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since
allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable. When
bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach
at that time.


Travel Documents
When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and
labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date.
Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver
or courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point.
Special Diets
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the

diet. This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach
breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price
range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets. Any extra costs
incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
Accommodation
Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private
facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page. Other coach breaks have a
limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be
reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the
price panel will be added to your account.
On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms. When a single room
is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the
brochure page.
Entertainment
Some of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music, dancing,
film shows, etc. The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the
discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a
lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel.
Your air tickets……
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. will be enclosed with other documents b. may be held by your
coach driver. c. will be sent to your departure point. d. must be collected before leaving
Read the text and choose the best answer.
These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as
bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed
to be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have
been somewhat inflated.
The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of honeybee
and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when African strain
was imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their
aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their

European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working and
continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have
occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is
actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks
have a chemical cause. A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not


aggressive by nature. However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its
stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the
chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees. As other bees
approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other
bees and causing them to sting. The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to
travel in large cluster or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of
isoamyl acetate.
The word “inflated” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. burst b. aired c. exaggerated d. blown
Read the text and choose the most suitable heading.
Obesity is a huge problem in many Western countries and one which now attracts
considerable medical interest as researchers take up the challenge to find a 'cure' for the
common condition of being seriously overweight. However, rather than take responsibility
for their weight, obese people have often sought solace in the excuse that they have a slow
metabolism, a genetic hiccup which sentences more than half the Australian population
(63% of men and 47% of women) to a life of battling with their weight. The argument goes
like this: it doesn't matter how little they eat, they gain weight because their bodies break
down food and turn it into energy more slowly than those with a so-called normal
metabolic rate.
What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. Lifestyle change required despite new findings b. A very

uncommon complaint c. Hidden dangers d. Shifting the blame
Read the text and choose the most suitable heading..
Despite the $500 million a year Australians spend trying to lose weight and the $830
million it costs the community in health care, obesity is at epidemic proportions here, as it
is in all Western nations. Until recently, research and treatment for obesity had
concentrated on behaviour modification, drugs to decrease appetite and surgery. How the
drugs worked was often not understood and many caused severe side effects and even
death in some patients. Surgery for obesity has also claimed many lives.
What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. Hidden dangers 
Read the text and choose the best answer.
While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in
Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure, as do acts of environmental sabotage,
it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale. A large proportion of
the world’s pollution has its source much closer to home. The recent spillage of crude oil
from an oil tanker accidentally discharging its cargo straight into Sydney Harbour not only
caused serious damage to the harbour foreshores but also created severely toxic fumes
which hung over the suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such a
disaster could have been allowed to happen.
The Sydney Harbour oil spill was the result of a…..
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. deliberate act of sabotage b. ship refuelling in the harbour. c.
tanker pumping oil into the sea. d. collision between two oil tankers
Read the text and choose the best answer.


A stumbling block
However, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster
that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around
the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on
live thunderclouds next summer.

Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies.
But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to
develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. ‘I cannot say I
have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming
field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts ‘an
avalanche of interest and support’ if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers
eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each.
Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials
scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes
to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but
controlling it. ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says.
And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces.
‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says. Thunder, the shock wave
that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is
typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps
preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm
clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.
Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. NOT GIVEN b. TRUE c. FALSE
Read the text and choose the best answer.
This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to
understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge
to improve our health and fitness. Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle of our
hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome is still
adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity and
long stretches of inertia.
Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years
ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both. For men, this would have meant
lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent
struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill. Women may not have had such intense

exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food,
digging up tubers, and carrying children. If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by,
men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on
each trip. Women may have gathered food every two or three days. There would also have
been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and
tool making, and probably dancing.
Our Palaeolithic ancestors were constantly active.
Chọn một câu trả lời: a. NOT GIVEN b. TRUE c. FALSE
Read the text and choose the best answer.