Nghiên cứu cơ sở khoa học và đề xuất các giải pháp khoa học công nghệ đảm bảo sự ổn định và độ bền của đê biển hiện có trong trường hợp sóng, triều cường tràn qua đê xác định tần suất mực nước đê biển hiện có để đánh giá tần

BO
KHOA H(PC
VA
CONG NGHE
CHirONG
TRINH KHCN CAP NHA
NlTOfC
KC
08/06-10
B6
TAI:
"Nghiin cAu cas&khoa
hgc
vA dexudt cdc giii
phdp
khoa hgc cdng
ngh$
bio dam
sif
on
dfnh
vd
d^
bin cda di biin
hi$n
c6 trong truing
hgp
sdng,
triiu
cwemg trdn
qua di"

MS s6:
KC08.1S/06-10
BAO CAO
XAC
ejNH
TAN
SUAT
MI/C
NU'dC
DE
B|£N
HIEN
CO
e£
DANH
GlA
TAN SUAT
VU-OT
TAN SUAT
THiei Ke
vA
xAc
ojNH
CAC T6 HOP
SONG,
TRieu
vA
NU'drc
DANG CO
THi

XAY
RA
TRONG VUNG
BI^N tUT&C
TA
Ca quan chu tri:
Truang
Dai hpc Thuy
Igrj
Chu
nhi#m <Sk
tei:
GS.TS.
Ngo Tri Vieng
Ha
noi,
2010
BO KHOA HOC VA
CONG
NGHE
CHirONG
TRINH KHCN
cAP NHA NU'dC
KC
08/06-10
D6
TAI:
"Nghien cieu
ca
s&

khoa
hgc va de
xuat
cdc
gidi
phdp
klioa hpc
cong nghe bdo
ddm
sir
on
dinh
vd
dp
ben cua de
bien
hien
cd
trong
trie&ng
hap
sdng,
trieu
cirdng
trdn
qua de"
Mas6:KC08.1S/06-10
BAO CAO
XAC DINH
TAN SUAT

NiyC NU'dC
BE
BI^N
HIEN
CO
Dfi
DANH GIA
TAN
SUAT
VUOT
TAN SUAT
THI^T
Ke
VA XAC D|NH CAC
T6
HgP
SONG,
TRltU
VA
NUaC
DANG CO
THt
XAY RA
TRONG
VilNG
BISN
NU'dC TA
CHU NHIEM
BE
TAI

GS.TS.Ngd
Tri Vieng
BAN CHU NHIEM
CHl/ONG
TRINH KC.08/06-I0
^^-f^eg^AN
CHU
TRI
/^, Xl'mSiigxehi
hpc
TJmy
ta
BO
KHOA
HOC
VA CONG
NGHE
Ha ndi,
2010
MVCLVC
MGDAU
4
CHUONG
1
6
DE
BifiN
VIET
NAM,
NHAN

T6
ANH
HLTONG
&
KHA
NANG
ITNG
PH6
VOl
BlfiN
D6lKHfHAU
6
I.I.HSTH6NGD6BI£NVI$TNAM
6
1.1.1.
Thyc
trjingde
bien
Viet
Nam
6
1.1.2.
'i'eu
ciu
thiit
ki
de
biin den nim
2010.
(Chua

xit
den
tic
ddng
cua
BDKH)
7
1.1.3.
Khi
nang dng phd cua
de
biin vdi
bi^n
dii
khi
h^u
8
1.
Tic
dpng cda biin
dii
khi
hiu
toin
ciu din
myc
nude
bien dang
d
Vi^t

Nam
8
2.
Khi
nang img phd cua
De
biin
9
a.
Nang
cip
de
bien
9
b.
Quy hoach
chlin
lupcdebiin
irng
phd
vdi myc
nude
biin dang
16n
9
1.2
HE
THONG
M6C, CAO
DO

PHVC
VV
TINH
TOAN
Ml/C
NUGc
BIEN
10
1.2.1. Moc cao
do
Bic
bO
-
Thanh H6a
10
1.2.2.
Mic
cao dp Nam
bd
v4
Tmng bp
11
1.3. CAC TAC NHAN ANH
HUONG
DEN
DIEN
BifiN DlTdNG
SG
BifiN
19

1.3.1
Quan
h?
tuong
tic
dong chiy song vdi dien bien dpng luc viing cda
sdng
ven biSn
Viet
Nam
19
1.3.2.
Mot
si
yeu
ti
ty
nhien
liSn
quan vdi
diin
bien
dOng
lye
vung cira sdng ven biin
ViSt
Nam
20
CHirONGII
30

CAC PHUONG PHAP
TlNH
TOAN
Ml/C
NlTdC
BIEN
THIET
K£
30
I. Khai niem chung
30
n. Tinh toan
myc
nude
biin
thiet
ki
30
2.1 Trudng
hppcd
tai
liSudo
dac
30
2.2 Tinh toan
rieng
rS
cac thanh
phan
rii

ti
hpp
theo
mpt
qui
luit
xac dinh
di
c6
muc
nude
thiit
ki
34
III.
XAY
DUNG
DUONG
TAN
SUATMirCNlfOCTONG HOP
34
3.1Casddiili^u
34
3.2
Co sd toan hpc
42
3.3
Tinh toan cac
d^c
trung thiy triiu

thiSn
van
46
3.4 Tinh toan cac
die
trung
nude dang
bao
48
3.5 Xay dung dudng tan suit
nude
ding
b5o
62
3.6
Xay dung dudng tan suit muc
nude
ting
hpp
^
66
CHUONG
3 '.
71
DUdNG
TAN
SUAT
MUC
NUOC
TONG

Hgp
DQC
THEO
BO
BIEN
NAM
DINH
vA
CAC
TtNH
LAN CAN
TU
THAI
BINH
T(3l
NINH
BINH
71
L Gidi
thiSu
chung
71
II.
Dudng tan suit
myc
nude
ting
hpp tir
Thii
Binh

tdi
Ninh Binh
71
KfiTLUAN
78
TAI
LIEU
THAM
KHAO
79
Md©Au
Trong thin gian gan day, cung vai
sy
bien doi khi
h$u
toan cau, cac
thi?t
hai do
thien tai co nguon goc khi
tugng
thuy v3n c6 chieu hu6ng gia tang tren toan the gidi.
Cac corn bao co chieu hudng trd nen
m^
hon, trd thanh
nhung
sieu
bSo
co
sure
tan

pha nang ne. Cac
hi^n
tupng mua Idn, gi6
gi$t,
loc xoay ciing
x^y
ra thudng xuyen
hon. Cac nghien
cOru
mdi day nhat tren the gidi cho thay
rSng
s\r
gia
tSng
byi trong khi
quyen do cac hoat
d$ng ciia
con ngudi da lam bien doi cdc qua trinh
nhi$t
dpng
lyc
hpc
trong may,
tSng khd nSng gdy
mua ldn, t6, l6c,
voi rbng vd
mua dd. Tai
nhi^u
noi
tren the gidi,

hi$n tu(?ng
dpng dat va song than cung xdy ra thudng xuyen vd gay nhieu
h^u
qua vo cung nghiem trpng.
Hien nay, vdi
sir
phdt
tri^n
kinh
t^,
xa
h6i,
nhu ciu ddm bdo an ninh qu6c phong
ciia
cd nude, cling vdi chien
lupc vuon
ra bien de khai thae mpt each hieu qua hon
vung bien nude ta, ngay cang co nhieu
ho^t
dpng xa hpi, kinh te va qu6c phong tren
pham vi toan
vimg
bien. Dieu do lam tang rat nhieu khd ndng
thi^t
hai do cdc thien tai
thdi tiet gay ra
t^i
vimg
bien vd vung ven bien Viet
Nam.

Van de ndy co the
dupe
xem
xet tren hai mat.
Thtjr
nhat la cae hoat
d6ng
kinh te xa
h6i
tai
vimg
bien va ven bien da
gdy ra nhiing thay ddi
v^
mdi trudng
ty
nhien theo hudng bat
Igi
vd 1dm gia tang thien
tai va
thi?t h£ii ciia
thien tai. Viec xdy
di^g
cdc cong trinh ven bd bien da ngan cdn
dong van chuyen bun cdt tu nhien dpc bd, gay ra bdi lap tai cac luong tau va xoi
Id
bd
tai nhiiu ncri. Cac hd chua nude
dupe
xdy

dvmg
tai thupng nguon cdc con song ciing
ngan ddng van chuyen bun cat ra
biSn,
1dm
tinh hinh xoi
Id
bd bien ngay cdng trd nen
nghiem
trpng.
6
rat nhieu khu vuc, rimg
ng$p
man va rimg phdng hp ven bien da bi
tan phd dd
Idy dAt
cho cdc ao dam nudi hdi san. Cac rung ngap man vd rimg phong hp
bj mit khong nhiing gay ra nhung bien doi ve mdi trudng sinh thai theo hudng cd hai,
ma cdn
giiip
cho sdng ldn ddnh thing vao d6 bien, gay va
d6
bien vd ngap lut. Nhiing
diiu
tra sau can bao so 7 (bao Damrey) ngay 27/9/2005 cho thay
nhOng
khu vuc
rimg
ngap man va
rirng

phdng hp ven bien cdn
dupe
bao
vp
tdt thi de bien khong bi vd. Thur
hai la cdc
ho^t dOng
kinh te xa hpi tren
biin
vd vung ven bien da
t^o
nen su tap trung
rit cao vl cac cdng trinh xay dyng va tai
sdn
cd gia trj cao
ciing
nhu dan cu d vung
ven
biin.
Diiu
ndy ciing lam gia tang
miic
dp
thi^t
hai
m^t
khi
thiSn
tai thdi tiet xay ra.
Thi du, con bdo so 7 (Damrey) nam 2005 cung vdi gid manh da gay song ldn vd

nude
dang
t^i
vimg
bd
biin ciia
nhiiu tinh thupc viing ven
biin
Bac Bp nhu Hdi Phong, Thai
Binh, Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh, Thanh Hoa. Song ldn,
nude
ddng
kit
hpp vdi trieu cudng
da 1dm va de tai nhiiu vj tri, gay thiet hai vl kinh te xa
hOi
hdng ngan ty ddng.
Gin
day nhat
Id
con bao Chan Chu tuy khong xdy ra trong viing bien
nude
ta, nhung da lam
dSm
nhieu tau danh
bdt
xa bd va 1dm nhiiu ngu dan
thi^t
meing.
M^c

dii
chua dupe
khdng dinh vdi cac bdng chiing day
dii,
nhung mpt so
kit
qud phdn tich gin ddy da cho
thay rang bien doi khi han dang 1dm gia tdng thien tai. Trong nhimg ndm gin day,
nhihig can bao co cudng dp sieu
m^mh
tren bien dudng nhu ngdy cdng trd nen pho
bidn
vd gia tang
siic
tan pha doi vdi kinh tl, xd hpi vd mdi trudng tren pham vi toan
thi
gidi.
Chi trong khodng 15 ndm gin ddy, tai khu vyc Nam A da xuat
hipn
2 can bao
ldn, giet hai hdng trdm ngdn ngudi. Ndm 1993, mpt can bao do bp vao Bangladesh da
gay
nude
dang 1dm 138.000 ngudi
chit
vd mat
tich
va gay nhihig
thi?t
hai vd cung to

ldn
vS
tai san. Gan ddy nhat, vao dau ndm 2008, con bao Nargis do bp vao Mien
Di?n
kem
nude
dang tdi 6m da lam khodng 140.000 ngudi
chit
vd mit tich. Ddc
bi$t,
tran
sdng than ngay
26
thang 12 nam 2004 tai An Dp Duong da lam
chit
gin 300.000
ngudi vd hdng trieu ngudi mat nha
ciia.
Bao manh thudng
k^m
theo nude ddng bao. Trong trudng hpp
nude
dang bao
xdy ra ddng thdi vdi triiu cudng,
mye
nude cao giup s6ng ddnh
true
tiep vao de bien,
tran qua de gay xdi
Id

vd cd
thi
v5 de, gay
ng|ip lyt
tren
dipn
r^ng
va thiet hai rit ldn
cho vimg ven bien. Vi vay, can co mpt nghien
ciru
xdc dinh lai tin suat myc
nude
de
bien hien cd de ddnh gid tan suit vupt tan suat thiet ke va xac djnh cac to hpp sdng,
trieu vd nude dang ed the xdy ra trong vimg bien nude ta.
CHUONG I
Bt
BIEN
VH:T
NAM,
NHAN
T6
ANH HUdNG & KHA NANG
(TNG
PH6
Vdl
BI4N
B6I
KHi HAU
1.1.

Hf
TH6NG
Bf;
BliN Vlf
T NAM
Hien nay,
Vi$t
Nam cd khoing tren 2800 km de
bifo thu^c
28 tinh vi Thinh
phd, bio ve khoing 0,70 trieu ha dat canh tic,
BChu
dd thi, Khu cdng nghiep,
Cing vdi
khoing 5
tripu
dan. Trong dd 85% song bing ndng
nghiep.
Vi vay, chinh
sich xay dyng, tu bo, cung co he thong de bien li mpt chien
lupc
rat quan trpng trong
vipe
phit trien kinh te xi
h0i
ben virng,
djc bipt
li kinh
tS
bien d nude ta.

Xay dyng de bien vira li bien phip phdng, chong vua li thich dng vdi bao lut,
nude
biSn
ding vi xam nhip min.
Nude
ta, nim 1410 bit diu dip de
biin.
Tai Ninh
Binh, nam 1471, de Hdng Ddc
cb^y
td Bic Yen Md den Phung Cdng, nim sau trong
dat lien each bd
biin hipn
nay 25km. Be bien thu hai dupe dip nim 1830 d Than Phu -
Dien Hp cich con de thu nhat khoing 8km vdi thdi gian lan bien dii den 369 nam.
Con de thu ba tien ra bien them chimg 7,5km dip vio nhihig nam 1830
-
1927 (97
nam).
Con de thu tu dip vio nam 1959 (32 nam sau) tiin them ra bien
8
km nila.
De
bi6n
Thanh Hoi, Hi Tinh va Bmh Dinh (De Ddng)
dupe
hinh thanh tu
nhiing nam 1929 - 1930. Hiu
h6t
de

bijn,
de cua sdng cac tinh
MiSn
Trung va Nam
Bp dupe dip khoing trudc va phan ldn li sau nam 1975.
De
biSn
li
h6
thdng dap, cdng, ke, de (bing dit, di, beton cdt thep ) ngin man
bio ve cda sdng, bd bien, khu dan cu vi nhihig boat ddng kinh td ven
biSn
vi dim bio
an nmh qude phdng. Khic vdi de sdng, de
biin
lim
vipc
thudng xuyen hang ngiy cdn
de sdng chi lim viec theo mua lii.
Bd
bidn
nude ta dai 3354 km, song mdi ed 1400 km de
t^c
tiSp
vdi
biin
vi
khoing 1400 km de cda sdng, chiim
42,3%.
Trong dd hai

ttah
Nmh Thuan vi Btah
Thuan cd
thi
coi nhu chua cd de bien (Ninh
Thu^n
cd 6,23 km, Bmh Thuan cd
10,71
km de
biin
song phin ldn la de cda sdng Cii Phan Rang, Phan Thiit vi ke Mui Ne).
1.1.1. Thyc trang
dS
bien
Vi?t
Nam.
a. Hiu
hit
dip bing dat (de lin bien, ngin min), do din ty xay dyng, chu ddng,
song thiiu qui
ho?ch,
nin
dit
yiu.
Theo chu ky lin
biin
da
t?o
ra
nhi$u M

thdng bio
vp trong vi ngoai.
b.
De beton hay beton c6t
th^p (d6
chong bien ldn) phin ldn do Nhd nude lam
song do thiiu qui
hogch,
bi dpng,
nin
dat
yiu,
tuyin de thudng kh6ng
phii
hpp vdi
tuydn
chinh tri nen nhieu lin bi pha, ddp lai vd nhieu lin di ddi,
luon
ludn la noi lo.
c.
Chua dap
ling
yeu ciu thiit kl.
1) Dinh cdn thip: So vdi yeu cau cao trinh dinh hau
hit
cdc tuyin de cdn thieu
khoang 0,5 ~ 1,0 m.
2) Chat lupng de bien con thip do
v|it
li?u

ddp (phan ldn
la
dat boi, dit cat) thiet bi
ddp,
ky thuat dap khdng ddp
ling
yeu ciu thiit kl.
3) Dp rdng mdt de cdn thieu tir
2 ~ 3
m.
4) Nhiiu tuyin de thiiu hdn rimg
ng|ip
m^
do phd dl nuoi torn, chdt cay liy gd,
hodc do tan pha bdi chit dpc hod hpc
5) Nhieu tuyen de ngudi dan lin chiem
m^t
de
(biin
Tay) 1dm vudn canh tac, nha
cua xay cat trong pham vi tuyin de
biin
1.1.2.
YSu ciu thiit kl
d£
bien
din
nam 2010. (Chva xet
din
tdc dpng cua BDKH)

Hien nay, theo Quyit djnh s6 58/2006/QD - TTg ngdy 14 - 3 - 2006 cua
Thii
tudng Chinh
phii
Phe
duy?t
Chuang trinh dau tu cung cd, bao
\&
va ndng cap de bien
hien cd tai cdc tinh cd de tu Quang Ninh
din
Qudng Nam:
1) Tieu chuin thiit kl: Trudc mdt den ndm 2010 ddm bao
h?
thdng de bien cd the
chdng dupe bdo cip 9 td hpp vdi triiu cudng tin suit 5%.
- Ddi vdi cac tuyin de bao ve
true
tiep cdc khu vuc dan cu
t$p
trung phdi
dupe
thiet
kl bao dam an todn chdng gi6 bao cap
12
vdi myc nude
triSu
tdn suat 5%.
- Ddi vdi cac tuyin de ngoai, de bdo
v?

san xuit, nudi trdng thuy, hdi san thiet ke
chdng gid bao cip 9 vdi
miic
triiu tin suit 5% chip nhan mpt phin song leo tran qua
dinh de khi gio bao vupt
mure
thiit kl nhung khdng gay vd de.
2) Giai phdp ky thuat:
- Cling cd, nang cip cdc tuyin de bien, de
ciia
sdng tao thanh cac tuyin de khep
kin
kit
hpp vdi lam dudng giao thdng vdnh dai ven
biin
nham bdo
v§
ddn sinh, tao ca sd
phdt triln kinh tl
-
xa hpi va ddm bdo an ninh, qu6e phdng;
- Chilu rdng mdt de tdi thiiu tir 5,0 m
din
6,0 m, de phdi
dupe
kien cd, gia cd du
cao trinh chdng vdi
miic
gid bao thiit kl (cip 9, cip 10, khu vyc dan cu cip 12 vdi
miic

triiu tin suit 5%), giam thiiu
dupe
nguy cp v5
d6
khi bao vupt
miic
thiit kl;
Trdng cay dpc theo tuyin de nhim tao rimg ngip min chin sdng trudc de
biin,
phai coi diy li
bipn
phip bit bupc, kien quyit doi vdi tit ci cac khu vyc, tuyen de cd
the cdn
t-ong
dupe ciy chin sdng;
ding
thdi cii
t?o
h^
sinh thii viing ven
biin;
- Doi vdi cic khu vyc
biin
tiin,
xim thyc, ein nghien
ciju
giii phip cdng trinh cit
song,
t?o
bai boi nhu xay dyng ki md ban, phun cat nudi

bii timg
budc trong cay
chin sdng de dim bio on djnh liu dii;
- Cic tuyen de xung
yiu
tryc di$n vdi bien phii dip them tuyin 2 dy phdng phia
trong nham dim bio an toin cho nhin dan,
him chi thipt hji
khi tuyin I (tayin
t^c
dien vdi bien) bj vd khi gid bao vupt qui khi ning chong dd
ho§c
sdng trin qua;
- Bo tti cic tayin dudng ngang (dudng xuong ci) dl
vira
lim dudng so tin dan, cira
hp de khi xay ra sy c6 de
diiu;
cic tayen dudng niy
sS
cd tic dyng phin vung ven
biin
thinh cic d khep km, dpc lip, nhim giim thieu
di^n tjcb
bi ngap lut, nhiem min,
h^
che
thipt
hai khi xiy ra sy co de
biin;

- Nghien cuu, ung dyng khoa hpc vi cdng
nghp
phyc vy cung co, bao vp cic tayin
de,
ke
biin
vi vvmg cua sdng, xu ly xdi
Id,
bio vp de, bai phu hpp vdi
diiu ki?n
ty
nhien, thuy, hii vin.
sip den, Chinh phu sS cd Quyit dinh phe
duypt
"Chuong trinh cung cd, ning
cip va xay dyng mdi de
biin
cic tinh tu Quing Ngai
din
Kien Giang"
1.1.3. Kha ning
irng
phd ciia de bien vdi
biin
doi khi hau.
1.
Tic dpng cua bien doi
khi
h^u
toin cau den myc

nirdc
bien ding
d Vi^t
Nam.
Theo nghien cdu
ciia
chiing tdi thi myc nude
biin
ding d vimg ven bien Bic Bp
vi Nam
B0 (biin
Ddng) trung binh tang 2-3 mm/nim theo chudi so myc nude
biin
quan trie dupe trong hon 30 nim (1976
-
2006). Vimg ven
biin
Trung Bd ting trung
btoh 1~2 mm/nam. Nhu viy chung ta ed
thi
khing djnh
din
nim 2010 myc nude bien
dang khdng qua 10 em so vdi nim
1976.
Theo
IPCC,
din 2100
myc nude
biin

ding len
Im,
dipn
tich dat bj
ngjp:
-14520
km^
(khoang 4,4%
di|n
tich dit cua
Vipt
Nam).
- Trdn 60% hay 39 trong so 64 tinh vi 6 trong 8 vung kinh tl cua Viet Nam se bi
inh hudng.
- Khoing 20% hay 2057 trong sd
10511
xa tren ci nude se hi ngap mdt phin hoic
toinb$.
- 85% trong tong qui md
ng^ip
nude se inh hudng tdi
12
ttoh vi tren
dipn
tich 12376
km tai vung Dong Bing Sdng Cdu Long.
- Ndi
m$t
cich tong quit, trong
thi

kj"
21 myc
nude
bien ting
tomg
binh
1cm
/ 1
nim.
2.
Kha nang irng phd
ciia
Be bien.
a.
NSng
cap
d€
biin.
1)
Thyc
iiipn
thinh cdng Quyet djnh cua Thu tadng Chinh
phii
vl
vipc
nang cip de
biin din
nim
2010.
2)

Tiip
tyc nghien
ciiu
Tieu chuin de
biin
vi giii phip
ky
thuit de
biin.
Bdi vi thyc
tl
din
nim 2010, tic dpng lim ding cao myc nude bien cdn chua ding kl, song
din
nam 2020, 2050, 2070, 2100
dii rd
ring la mpt vin de Idn. Trong khi do, Tieu chuin
thiet ke tinh den nim
2010
ehua xet
din mdt
cich rd rang vl
h^u
qui nude
biin
ding
len. Trong Tieu chuin chi qui djnh 2
yiu
to myc nude dinh triiu ung vdi p - 5% vi
gid bao ung vdi cip 9, cip

10,
cip 12, khdng cd
yiu
to nao die trung cho gii trj myc
nude biin
dang len, mic du trong
yiu
td myc nude trieu 5% cd
thi
cd hin quan song
khdng dang kl.
3) Gid bao ciing li
yiu
td chiu tic ddng cua
biin
doi
klii
hiu do lim tang cudng dp
vi tin suit xuit
hi^n
song chi ed tic dung nang cao sdng bien tic thdi. Vi the, trong
Tieu chuin thiit kl de
biin
khdng nen gia tang cip gid bao qui ldn (cd
thi
cip 12 li
dil).
NIU
qui Idn thi ldn
din

diu? trong khi xu
thi
bao ngiy cing tang mi thdi gian
gay hai thi rit ngin ed
thi
cho sdng
biin
trin qua nhung khdng cho phep di vd. Hien
nay khoa hpc cdng
nghp
hien
dji thi
gidi vi ngay d nude ta
diu
cd
thi
giii quyet.
4) Qui hoach vi xiy dyng mdi he thdng de
biin
tir Quing NgSi - Kien Giang bio
dim cic tuyin xudi
thu$n,
nin
mdng
vihig,
v$t lipu
phu hpp, ky thuit xiy dyng
hipn
dai an toin. Diy li hp th6ng de
biin

cd
d$
an toin thap nhit nude ta song s8 bio
v?
nhiing vung bi
nggp
nhiiu nhat
nude
ta.
5) Xay dyng hp th6ng de
biin
thinh mpt hp thong giao thdng
quic
gia ven bien dim
bio an ninh quoc phdng c6 rimg
ngip
min phdng
h$,
bio
v$
mii. Cic vimg ed dieu
ki$n
cho
pMp
cin xiy dyng tayen de 2, dy
phdng,
thuin lpi cho
vi^c
so tin din khi cd
sycddtaydnde

I.
b.
Quy hoach
chiln luprc dS
biin
ihig
pho vdi myc
oirdc
biin dang
ISn.
1) Dinh gii dp tm ciy cda cac kich bin
biin d6i
khi hiu.
2) Danh gia tinh kha thi
ciia
chien lupc toan cau doi pho
vcVi
bien doi khi hau, giu
nhiet dp tang d
miic 2°C
va giii
miic
450 ppm
CO2
vao nam 2050.
3) Qui hoach Chien lupc cap thoat nuac nuoi trdng thuy, hai san trong do khong
loai tru bien cac cua song ven bien thanh to hpp tren ciu dudi cong ngdn trieu, man,
giii ngpt, thoat lii, giao thong thuan lpi.
4) Chien lupc de
biin

can xet theo quan diem phat trien lau ben kinh te viing, ket
hop hiiu ca
giira
kinh te bien va kinh te dat lien va chien lupc dam bao an ninh quoc
phong. Can cd qui hoach de bien vdi tam nhin xa 20 nam, 50 nam, 70 nam va tinh
chat pham vi xem xet rpng ldn
hem
va khong on djnh so vdi de song vi no anh hudng
ciia
cac cira sdng.
ciia
dia hinh - dja
mao
lan can, dong thdi chiu tac
dgng ciia
nen dja
chat tren toan tuyen. Ddc biet la chju tac dpng
ciia
bien doi khi hau sau sac.
Da den
liic
can nhan thuc de bien co mpt vi tri chien lupc, Id
sir
ton vong cua
quoc gia.
1.2 HE THONG MOC, CAO
DO PHVC Vy XiNH
TOAN
Ml/C NlT^C
BI£N

1.2.1. Moc cao do Bac bp - Thanh H6a
Theo thong ke co the ke den loai moc cao do:
(1) Cao dp luc dia do Phap xay dung gpi tdt la sd "0 luc dia" lay tning vdi muc
nude
trung binh nhieu nam chuoi quan trdc muc
nude
tai Hon Dau.
Anh
1:
M6C
Qude
gia tai Hon Dau
(2) Cao dp hdng hai do Phap xay dung gpi tdt la sd "0 hai dd", liy tning vdi muc
nude
rdng thip nhit co
thi
xdy ra trong chudi quan
trie
muc
nude
tai Hon Dau. Tir nam
1930
din
nay chua cd nam nio myc nude
biin
xudng thip hon H(0) hii do niy.
Theo bing thuy trieu 2001 cua
ttmg
tam Khi tapng Thuy van
biin

thi ven
biin
Bic bp vi Thanh Hda so "0 hii do" thip
hem
so "0 lyc dja" khoing 1,9 m.
(3) Cao dp sdng Hong (moc dupe gin tai tadng cua Bp Thuy lpi cd) cd cao
dO
+10,80m. Cao dp niy thap hon "0 lye dja" li +0,162 m.
(4) Cao dp Qu6c gia, liy theo so "0 lye dja". Moc hien tai dit tai Hdn Diu (inh 1)
Moc "0 lyc dja" thdi Phip
hipn
cdn d dip Diy, dip Bai Thupng Thanh Hda
Nam
1994
da hoin thinh
hipu
chinh cao dp cac
tr^m
thuy vin theo cao dp Qude
Gia thing nhit trong toan
quic
(trd
m^t
s6
trgm
Hii vin van cdn liy theo so 0 hii do)
Ngoai 4 loai cao dp ndi trdn, trudc 1994 do
chiln tanh
cic mdc bi dinh mit
hay bi phi nen timg dja phuong sir dyng mdt s6

mic
rieng mang y nghTa gii djnh hoic
dya vao mdc thuy lpi, mpc hii do hay moc lyc dia tim thiy d dia phuong. Dd li cic
mic
gii dinh do cic Ty Thuy lpi, Ty Giao thdng, Ty Hang hii, Dudng sit v.v lip.
1.2.2.
MIC
cao dp Nam bp vi Trung
b$
Trong myc niy can giii dip ba van de:
1.
Trong vung cd miy
lo?i
mdc cao
d$
vi quan
h?
giiSa chung. Sy nhan dang va so dd
he thdng cic loai moc dd.
2.
Myc "0" Thuy van (Hang giang - HG) vi mdc
"0"
ddng mdng (Lyc dia - LD).
3.
Myc
"0"
mit dit vi myc
"0"
cua bin dd.
1.

Cic moc cao dp trong ving - Quan
h|
giii-a
chiing.
Sy nhan
d^ng
vi so dd
b$
thong cic loai mdc dd. Thdng qua cac tii lieu thu
thap dupe ttong phdng va ngoii thyc dia, chung tdi nit ra mdt sd nhan xet sau:
a.
CA
hai
h|
thong binh
cbu4n
d^c
d
Nam bp li:
1) Hp thdng binh chuin
d?ic
Rignier, do Sd Dia du Ddng Duong
tliilt
lip vao giiia
nhihig nim
1903
-
1914
liy theo myc nude
biin

trung btoh tai Vimg Tiu dupe
quan trie trong khoing thdi gian do. Cic myc tieu bing cac chdt sit trdn, cd mpt
tim bing chi trdn dd ghi ddng
chO:
"Rivellement
General De la Cochmchme" cao
d0
vi sd
li^u
ghi hdn
cpih
myc tieu.
2) He thdng bmh chuin
d?c
Hansi vi Lefebre do Sd Cdng chinh thiit lap vio nim
1938
- 1944
dCmg
chung cho ci
miin
Trung, Tiy Nguyen vi Nam Bd liy theo myc
nude
biin
ttung btoh
tji Miii
Nai dupe quan trie bing "thuy chi" trong cic nim dd.
Cac
m\ic
tieu bdng chdt gang diu trdn hay
Id

dinh tan bdng ddng dd, cd ghi so
lipu
ben canh mue tieu, tuy nhien cd vdi myc tieu khdng ghi so
Upu.
Vao ndm 1967,
Cye
Do
d£ic
quan dodn cdng binh My cd
d§t
them mpt
h?
thong
moc cao dp
t$p
trung chu
yiu
d xa
Ip
BiSn Hda, Lien tmh Ip 15, quoc
Ip
15 khu quan
sir
cua My nhu kho Long Bmh, khu Long Thanh, khu Nha
B^,
edng Sai Gon
b.
Ngo^i
4
h$

thong moc tren cdn c6 3
h$
thong
cAc
moc khdc:
-
H?
thong moc Hdng Giang,
dupe
dimg cho cdc tram thiiy vdn cao dp din din
theo m0t trong 4 he thing moc ndi tren, nen thieu thong nhit. Myc tieu
dupe
ghi nhan
bdng
niim
dat
d$t
tren chop hinh thdp, hay
m0t
cdi danh tron hay dupe gdn ngang vao
tudng nhd, ho$c tim bia gin tram.
-
H^
thing moc dja phuang: Cdc dja phuong xay dyng cdc cdng trinh Thiiy lpi,
giao thdng ddn tir mdt hudng khdng thong nhit. Cde mye tieu
dupe diic
theo timg khdi
try beton.
-
H?

thong mdc Nam Triiu
Ti6n,
hi^n
rit it, con le te d
mOt
so vung quanh
Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh.
Trong 7 he thdng neu tren, he thing mdc cao dp
ciia
Nha Dia du Qude Gia (Ba
Lat) NGD hoan chinh
hon
ca. Thdi gian xdy dung
h?
thdng NGD khoang 8 ndm. Ndm
1964 - 1966 thiit lap va do
d^c
dia hinh; Nam 1964 - 1968 tinh toan vd tir cudi nam
1968 kilm tra lai cdc ket qud
tnidc
dd. Dua vao nhimg tai
li?u
thu thap
dupe
d cac
tinh, chiing tdi
ISn
sa dd hp thdng moc NGD toan Ddng bdng Sdng
Ciiu
Long va Ddng

Nai vd kilm tra thuc dia
nh$n
thiy cd
nhftng
vimg "trdng mdc". Dd la:
Toan bp vimg U Minh Thupng vd Ha
Toan bp viing phia nam tryc
10
B^c
Lieu - Cd Mau.
Todn bp
huySn
Duyen Hdi.
Dpc theo cdc sdng Idn phia ddng dudng so 4 va ven bien.
Rieng khu Ddng Thdp Mudi trudc ddy da cd he thdng NGD, cae nam vl sau
cac mdc deu bj mit mat thit
l^c.
2.
Moc
"0"
Thuy van (HG)
v^
moc
"0"
dSng ru§ng
NGD.
Nhu
trSn
da ndi, moc HG trudc ddy chua dupe thdng nhit hoan toan vdi moc
NGD.

Chiing tdi dd kilm tra va
din
I^i
moc cho 15 tram chinh tren Ddng Bdng Sdng
Ciiu
Long va Dong Nai. Trong s6 dd cd 4 tram do cho ket qud cao dp khac vdi tri sd
cii tir 0,24m
d6n +l,00m
va bo chinh cao dp
tuy?t dii
theo NGD cho hai
tmm
do trudc
ddy chua cd (bdng 1.1)
Bang 1.1 Cao
d$
H (o) cua mpt so
tr^m Thdy
vin d Dong bing Nam Bp co sy
khic
bift
do Doin SHI (Sai hpc Thuy Lpi kiem tra lai).
Tr?m
T.V
Vimg Tiu
Mpc Hda
Bien Hda
Tri Vinh
GdDouHa
Rach

Gii
Sdng
Vim Cd Tiy
Dong Nai
Tien
Vim Cd Ddng
H(o)
ca
-3,12
-0,24
Gii dinh
0,00
-1,54
H(o) mdi
-4,91
-4,17
0,00
+0,93
+1,00
-2,54
Ghi chd
dau cpc
1
Qua so sinh
mic
HG vi
mic
NGD, ein bing myc nude fen cimg tayin sdng,
giira sdng vi npi dong, thay ring cic myc NGD ngoii trj sd cao dp
dupe

ghi trong vin
bin, chung tdi nghi ngd li cdn cd so
hipu
chinh chenh
Ipch
rieng cho tdng vimg quy
ude,
hay li sy nhim
lin
sai sdt (3). Vi
dy.
Trim
Thily
vin
R^ch
Gii, theo moc Hansi
133 -
Xn
- C tinh theo NGD (trong sin cdng quin
R^ich
Gii) lai phii -1,00m mdi cin
bang myc nude so vdi tii
ii^u
cu.
d
Gd Diu Ha ciing
v|y
- nlu liy theo moc cao dp hien tai thi myc nude cao
nhit trong
miia

lu tai Gd Diu Ha chi
S^t
tdi
+
1,60m,
trong khi dd
t^i
Mdc Hda, hay tai
cac vi tri d Cu Chi, Hoc Mdn myc nude ldn nhit
diiu
tra dupe
diu
ldn hon +l,60m
thim chi dat tren +2,00m. Chiing tdi cho kilm ta
Iji
mdc NGD tai
Cil
Chi, Phu Cudng
vdi mdc HG cho chenh
Ipch
khoing +I,00m. Cd phii ching moc cao dp NGD d vimg
niy cdng them 1,00m vio gii tri da cho.
3.
M6C
"O"
mit dat vi moc "O" ciia bin
d^
dia
hlnb
Hai myc

"O"
niy khdng gidng nhau. Theo vin bin de lai
tlii
cao dp
"O"
cua
cic
losi
bin dl cua Sd Dia du Ddng Duong (SGI) li tmh theo mdc cua
Regnier.
Mudn
dua vl cao
d?
Lefebre phii cpng them
m$t s6 hi^u chhih
+0,463.
Thyc tl
diiu
dd chi
diing cho vi tri Vung
Tiu,
ncri ma cd
dO
sai
Ipch
giiia hai
mic
Resgnier, qua dieu cha
thyc dia vl tudi, tiSu ty chiy d cic tinh Cdu Long,
Tiin

Giang, An Giang,
Kidn
Giang, Ddng Thip,
B$c
Lieu, Ci Mau va Thinh
phi
Ho Chi
Muih diu
nhin thay
dieu dd.
4.
Qui trinh chuyin doi vl
mic quic
gia.
Tai hai tram Viing Tiu (Nam
30)
vi Qui Nhon (Trung
B$)
a.
Trjm
Vung Tiu - Hi TiSn -
MOi
Nai
1) Ty Thuy Dao lap ngiy 10/6/1964 lai theo sy tinh
bl
chinh nim 1959 cua
Nha Dia Du.
- Lim concordance
R?ch
Dda vi Phan Thiet vi quy djnh s6 "O" tam sau tai

Phan Thiit.
- So "O" Nivellement Gdnerad (NG) dupe ning cao len
5,928
-
5,8809 = 0,0471
Giii thich
vipe
sua chila BCD tai
R^ich
Dira (Vung Tiu):
-
True
dia CBD so
hipu FZl
i (230 - XVI -1) ed 2 cao dp do Nha Dia Du cung
cip.
+ Cao dp +5,928 di cd tir ttudc
1955,
chua bo
cUnh.
+ Cao dp+5,8809
=
0,0471
Ty edng tic bing giang (TCTHG) dang ip dyng cao dp
5,928
dl qui dinh
"O"
GCD
cila
mia nude miy

tiiu
ky Rach Dira li -1,31m.
Ty Thuy Dao ip dung cao dp +5,8809 dl qui dinh "O" BCD cua mia
nude
niy
li-1,36m.
Vi ly do
b-en
mi "O" BCD cua TCTHG
t?i
Rach Dira thip hon "O"
ciia
Ty
Thuy
D?o
li 0,047.
Nam 1975, thuy chi
tr^m Rgch
Dtra bi do - Dii KTTV Thinh phd Vimg Tiu
dan mdc Resgnier dat tai vudn cua Dtoh Tinh Trudng vdi gii dinh mdc +6.391 li
+4,00 Thudc nude dii 5m, nhung dinh diu la +6,00; diu tren +6,00 cd cao dd la -
0,789 cd nghia
li
sd "O" li -6,789.
Thyc tl Miy triiu
k^
Bin
Di sau ngiy giii phdng, miy ngung boat dpng. Ngiy
4 - X -
1976

may boat ddng
Igi
vdi miy cu tryc ddng cua Tiy
Dire.
Dat miy mdi ngiy
24 - 12 -
1977
theo miy frye ngang cua My.
Thuy chi cu
d^t
sit nen cao hon diem
miit hipn
tai khoing 0,20m.
Thyc ra cao
d$
Resgnier da ghi
sin
ngay tren moc li
+6,391.
Nlu dua vl he
thing Mui Nai
sS
la
+5,881
(theo Ty Thuy
D?o).
+
5,928
(Ty Hing Giang) vdi
d0 cMnh

0,047 nhu viy: + 5,881 - 4,00 = 1,881
va cao
d0
diu cpc se li: 1,881 - 0,789
=
1,092 hay H(o) = -4,908 ~ -4,91
b.
Tram Qui
Nhon
1) Nam 1983. Thing
I.VII,
quan ttic d tram cu (bd ta) cao dp gia dinh
R„:
5000.
VIII
-
XII
quan tic
6
tram mdi (bd
hChi),
cao dp gia djnh
R„:
3433.
Tram cu va
moi cich nhau khoang 500m. Nam 1983, do ddng thdi
t^li
2 vj tri tren 20 ngay
24/24h/ngay cung he thing cao dp gii djnh, chenh
Ipch

AH cho phep.
Anh 2: Tram Hai van Quy Nhon - Binh Djnh
Nam 1984: Cao dp gia djnh, xay lai moc chinh phia ha
luu
tuyin do
idioang
9,50m,
R<,
=+3,585
Mdc cing Qui Nhon -0 (Theo td ky thuat cap)
Rai RP (Cou Ddi): +3,014. Ngay
1
l-K-1985,
xi
nghipp
KSTK Thuy lpi - Thuy
dien dan cao dp qude gia tir cau ddi den chen thuy chi tram li: -1404. Thuc te mdc
0,00 cua thiiy chi
dupe
gii djnh li 0,200. Vay cao dp thuc la -1,604.
3) Theo "Chuang trinh Dieu tra nghien
ciiu
bien KHCN -06, De tai: 06-06:
Nghien
ciiu
xic
lap
chuan "O" dp siu quoc gia phan
lanh the
"VN nam

2001":
Tir dp
sau "O" Hdn Diu theo cao dp Qude gia la -1,752, khdi tinh hang
1
VTnh Linh - Ha
Tien VL-HT
119
cd dp cao H = +0,812. Tu do din "0" tram L = 7,3km + qua eo
biin
658m (7300 + 658 = 7958m) do xudng "0" ttam (day
gilng)
la -1,546m, liy tdn
-I,55m hay H(o) Qui Nhon
= -
1,55m.
Theo bang thuy trieu 2001 thi dp sau "0" Hdn Dau theo cao dp Quoc gia li -
1,90 - 1,75 = 0,15m hay
H(o)
Qui Nhon = - 1,70m
Kit
qui hieu chinh -1,604m trung gian giua
2
ket qui ndi tren.
Bang 1.2. Danh sich cic
dO
Quoc gia
(ZQG)
tram thiiy vin viing
Ding
bing ven bien cd

hf
thing cao
vi
chSnh I$ch
giu^
cao
d$
QG vdi
b$
cao dp cii
(Z^)
Tram TV
Ciia
cim
Tmng Trang
Tiin
Tien
Do Nghi
Ddng Xuyen
Kien An
Chanh Cha
Cao Kenh
Quang Phyc
Ha
Npi
Phii Hie
Din
Trieu
Hon Dau
Pha Lai

Trieu Duong
Quyet Chien
BjnhCu
Thai
Binh
TiSn
Dire
(N.Tio)
BaLat
Nam Djnh
True Phuong
Ninh Binh
Gian Khau
Nhu
Tan
Bai Thupng
HoingTan
Giang
Song
Kinh
Thiy
Vin tic
Sdng Mdi
Bgch
Ding
Thii Binh
Lgch
Tray
Lupc
Kinh Thay

Van lie
Hong
Hing
Kinh Thiy
Thai Binh
Lupc
TraLy
TriLy
TraLy
Hdng
Hdng
Dao
Ninh
Co
Diy
Hoing Long
Diy
Chu
Mi
Mi
Cao dp cu (m)
Zc
Tr^i si
4.150
2.430
2.281
2.770
3.016
1.829
3.565

1.920
2.660
10.800
6.333
2.877
4.024
2.376
0.888
3.294
3.718
1.220
4.027
1.387
2.620
3.403
1.122
21.556
1.259
13.235
H?
cao
d§
C. H.Phdng
Song
Hing
Song
Hing
S6ng Hong
Song
Hing

Song Hong
Song
Hing
Song
Hing
Song Hong
S6ng Hong
Sdng Hong
Song Hong
HaiDi
Phip CD
B.Bp cu
B.Bp cu
B.Bp cu
B.Bp cu
TuyetDii
Gia
Djnh
Song Hong
Song
King
S.H6ng
S.Hing
S.Hing
TL.
Thanh
Hoa
TL.Thanh
Hoa
S.H6ng

Cao dp QG
ZQG(m)
2.004
2.288
2.053
2.625
2.699
1.418
3.350
1.636
2.621
10.638
3.881
3.950
2.097
0.879
3.109
3.730
1.673
3.624
1.169
2.332
3.174
0.869
21.688
1.281
13.018
Chenh
l?ch
Zqc-Zccm)

-2.146
-0,142
-0,228
-0,145
-0,317
-0,411
-0,215
-0,284
-0,039
-0,162
-0,262
-0,27
-1,90
0,004
-0,074
-0,279
-0,009
-0,185
0,012
0,453
0,403
0,218
-0,288
-0,229
-0,253
0.132
0.022
-0,217
Tiiim
TV

L4n
Ngpc Tri
Cu Thon
Cira
Hpi
Chp Tring
Cim Nhupng
Linh
Cam
Lach Sung
Do
Dao
L?
Thuy
TinMJ
Ddng Hdi
Dong Ha
CiraVi?t
Thach Hin
Phudc
Kim
Long
H6i
An
Cau Lau
CamLe
TraKhiic
Sdng Vp
Sdng
Lfiy

Tin
My
Ninh Hoa
Phii
Lam
Bing
Son
Bien Hda
Thu Diu
Mpt
Diu Tiing
Sdng
Lta
Yen
Len
Lam
Lam
Ciia
Nhupng
La
Len
Biing
NhltL?
Gianh
NhjtLe
CamLp
Cda Viet
Thach HSn
Bl
Huong

Thu Bon
Thu
Bon
Tuy Loan
TriKhiic
V?
LQy
Cii P.Rang
Cii
N.
Hoa
DiRang
L^i
Giang
Ding
Nai
Sii Gdn
Sii Gdn
Cao dp cii (m)
Zc
Tr^i si
4.979
1.883
4.777
2.000
3.855
2.791
5.876
2.020
2.824

1.863
1.662
2.010
3.234
1.364
6.060
5.220
4.520
2.759
5.789
2.636
900
5.713
14.042
44.209
5.766
8.017
8.000
2.863
1.755
10.000
H?
cao dp
TL.
Thanh
H6a
TL.
Thanh
Hda
TL.Thanh

Hda
S.Hing
B.B.
cu
Giao thong
Giao thong
S.Hing
Dudng Sit
D.Sit
Thiy Lpi
D.sat
Cii djnh
D.Sit
Regier
Regnier
Gia dinh
Gia
dinh
Lefebre
Gii dinh
Nha Dja Du
G.Djnh
Q.Gia
Gii djnh
Gii
djnh
Gii djnh
MQi
Nai
Miii Nai

Gii
djnh
Cao dp QG
Zqo(ra)
5.506
1.913
5.435
1.853
3.630
2.241
5.676
2.737
2.568
2.063
1.863
2.454
3.193
0.461
5.933
4.22
3.562
1.967
4.916
2.739
8.189
4.845
35.374
43.448
5.653
4.680

8.729
3.009
1.677
3.413
Chenh lech
Zqo-Zccm)
0.527
0.030
0.658
-0,147
-0,225
-0,550
-0,200
0.717
-0,256
0.200
0.201
0.444
-0,041
-0,903
-0,127
-0,998
-0,958
-0,792
-0,873
0,103
-0,811
-0,868
21.332
-0,761

-0,113
-3,337
0,729
0,146
-0,078
-6,587
Trjm
TV
Go Dau
Hj
Phii
An
Tan
An
Tra Vinh
Ben Luc
Mpc Hoa
Kien Binh
MjlTho
Van
Kinh
Cai Lay
Chp Lach
Binh Dai
BenTrai
M^
Thuin
CinTho
Dai Ngai
Phung

hiSp
Vj
Thanh
My Thanh
Rach Gii
Tan Hiep
XeoRd
CaMau
Ghenh Hie
Phudc Long
Nim
Cin
Nha
Be
Cao
Linh
Hung Thanh
Long Xuyen
Chp
Mdi
Vim Nao
Song
Vim Cd Ddng
Sii Gdn
Vim Cd Tay
Cl
Chien
Vim Cd Dong
Vim Cd Tay
Kenh Vim

06
Tien
Tiin
Rach Bai Rai
Ham Luong
Ciia Dili
Co Chien
Tiin
Hiu
H?u
K.Cai
Ldn
K.XaNd
My Thanh
Kien Giang
Kenh
K.Cii
Ldn
Gh6nh
Hao
Ghlnh
Hao
K.QL-P.Hi?p
Cda
Ldn
Tiin
Kenh
Hiu
R.OngHau
Trudng

Vim Nao
Cao dp cu (m)
Zc
Trgi si
1.484
3.103
2.076
1.710
3.092
2.367
2.540
1.081
1.573
1.530
0.761
2.261
2.053
1.790
2.232
1.438
2.948
2.218
1.336
1.681
0.773
1.124
2.088
1.499
1.106
2.206

1.541
2.780
3.930
2.800
H§
cao dp
Mui Nai
MQi Nai
MQi Nai
MQi Nai
Tuy^t
doi
MQi Nai
MQi Nai
MQi Nai
MQi Nai
Gii djnh
MQi Nai
MQi Nai
MQi Nai
Mui Nai
Gii
djnh
Gia djnh
Gia
dinh
MQi Nai
MQi Nai
Mui Nai
Mui Nai

MQi Nai
Gii djnh
Gii dinh
MQi Nai
MQi Nai
MQi Nai
MQi Nai
MQi Nai
Cao dp QG
ZQo(m)
1.306
2.995
1.673
1.559
1.370
1.292
2.448
1.545
1.303
1210
1.182
1.589
1.692
1.391
1.860
1.124
0.879
1.714
1.200
1.505

0.312
0.939
1.515
0.622
0.832
1.921
1.626
2.535
3.657
2536
Chenh
l?ch
ZQo-Zccm)
-0,178
-0,108
-0,4003
-0,16
-0,151
-1,722
-1.075
-0,092
0,464
-0,270
-0,320
0,421
-0,672
-0,361
-0,399
-0,372
-0,314

-2.069
-0,504
-0,136
-0,176
-0,461
-0,185
-0,573
-0,877
-0,274
-0,04
-0,285
-0,085
-0,245
-0,273
-0,264
Tr^mTV
Tin Chau
Chiu Doc
Xuan
To
Tri
Tdn
Song
Tiin
Hiu
Kenh
Kenh
Cao dp cu (m) Zc
Trgi
so

5.625
4.909
3.626
4.218
H?
cao dp
MQi Nai
Mui Nai
Gii djnh
Gii djnh
Cao dp QG
Z(iG(m)
5.466
4.863
2.458
3.120
Chenh lech
Zgo-Zccm)
-0,159
-0,046
-1,168
-1,098
1.3. CAC TAC NHAN ANH
HlTdNG
D^N
DI£N
B1±N
DlTdNG Bd
BI£N
1.3.1 Quan

h$ tuorng
tic ddng chiy sdng vdl
diin biin
dpng lyc
vimg
cira song ven
bien
Vif
t Nam
Theo thong ke eiia dl tii
KT-03-14
thiy ring
hipn
fang xdi
Id
bd
biin
chi mdi
bit diu tir 1930 frd
l^ii
diy. Trudc nim 1930, duy nhat chi cd 2
diim
xiy ra xdi
Id
bd
tai Hau Lpc - Thanh Hoi. Ndi chung toan dii bd bien
Vipt
Nam luc do tuong ddi on
djnh vi qua trinh
bii

ty chiim uu
thi.
Sau nim 1930 phit triln bdi xdi ra phia Bic vi
phia Nam. TCr nim 1970 ttd
\^i
day, hi$n tupng xdi
Id
bd da
diin
ra hiu khip cic bd
cua cic ttoh ven bien.
Lipu
sau bao nhieu nam niia thi trd
Iji
t-ang
thii In dinh ban diu hay la xu
th6
xdi
Id
vin
tiip
tyc
k^o
dii mai khi tic
d^ng
cua
biin dii
khi hau toin ciu cdn
diin
ra

mgnhme?
Tuy theo tic gii, myc dich, gdc dp nghien
ciiu
mi cd
thi
qui cac nhan td chtoh
inh hudng
din
xdi, bdi bd
biin,
cda sdng thinh cic nhdm vdi nhimg ten gpi khic
nhau. song suy ra cho cimg
cQng
cd
thi
coi li nhit ti. Chiing tdi qui thanh 4 nhdm
nhin td chinh sau diy theo so dd hinh
1.1
[2]
o.
Ddng sdng: Bao gdm lii, bvm cat, ngudn nude
b.
bdng
bien: Bao
gim
sdng,
nude
dang do gid, bao, nude
biin
dang, ddng ven,

thuj'
triiu, ddng triiu
li.
Bd biin: Bao gom dja htoh, dja
mao,
dit di, dirt gay, tan kiln tao.
d. Con
ngirdi:
Bao gom khai hoang - lin
biin
- cing, khai khoing, trdng vi phi rimg
diu nguin, rimg ngip min, khai fliic san
hd,
xay dyng
hi
chiia, dip, phit thii
/ /
//
D6NG S6NG
Lu,
biin
cat, nguon
nude
DONG BIEN
Sdng,
nude
ddng do gid, bdo
Nude
bien dang, d6ng ven
Thuy

tri^u,
d6ng
tri^u
^
\ \
CON
NGUOl
Khai
hoang,
lin bien, phd rimg,
cdng, khai khodng, san
ho,
ho,
phat thdi
Bd
B1£N
Dja
hinh,
dSt
da tan
ki^n
tao
/
^
x6i
Ld,
B6I
LAP
Bd
BlfiN,

CCTA
SONG
Hinh 1.1: So dd cac tac nhan den xdi
Id
boi
lip
bd
bidn,
cira sdng
Nhu vay,
tiiy
theo timg vimg khac nhau md
miic
dd dnh hudng cua cdc tdc nhdn
gay nen dien bien bd bien la khac nhau. Qua do cd the danh gia mpt
each
so bd
miic
dp dnh hudng cua ddng chdy sdng
din
de cita sdng ven
biin
timg vimg.
L3.2.
Mot so
yiu
to ta
nhi@n
lien quan
vol

dien bien dpng
lire
viing cira song ven
biin
Vi^t
Nam
^
Ddi vdi nhan td ddng chay sdng, ro rang dnh hudng
din
de
biin chii
yiu
la
ddng chdy mua lu. Ddng chdy nay ket hpp vdi cdc yeu td ddng
lire
biin
nhu trieu
cudng, nude dang do bao lam muc
nude
dang cao, dnh hudng den an todn de. Do do,
dl cd
thi
ddnh gia anh hudng
ciia
yiu
to ddng chdy lu
din
de viing cira sdng cin xem
xet nd trong mdi quan he
tuorng

tdc vdi cac yeu td
d^ng
lire
khdc viing
ciia
sdng ven
biin
So dd phdn viing
miia
lu,
miia
can ven
biin
Vi^t
Nam
dupe
thi
hi?n
trong bang
1.3. Trong bdng tai
c0t
thii
3,
tii
so la
miia
lu, mau so la
miia
can, sd La MS trong
ngo^c dom

Id thdng mua lu,
miaa
can theo chi
ti6u
"vupt trung binh", ngodi diu ngoac
Id
theo chi tieu "cip nude".
Bang 1.3:
Sff
dl6
phan viing
miia
10,
miia can ven
biin
Vi^t
Nam
[U]
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

12
Ranh gidi
Mdng Cii-Ha
Coi
Dam Ha - Cam Phi
Hdng Gai - Yen Hung
Hai Phdng - Thanh Hoi
Quynh Luu - Can Lpc
Tb?ch
Hi - Bo
Trjeh
Ddng Hdi - Hii Ling
Phong Dien - Cam Ranh
Ninh Thuin
Bmh Thuan
Vung
Tiu —
Ci Mau
Rach Gii-Ha
TiSn
Miia mua
Miia
khd
V(VI)-K
X-IV(V)
V(VI)-X
X-IV(V)
V(VI)-IX
X-IV(V)
V(VI)-X

XI-IV(V)
VIII-XI
xn-vii
DC-XI
xii-vn
ix-xn
I-VIII
X-XII
I-IX
LX-Xl
xn-vin
vm-x
xi-vn
VI(VII)-XI
xn-v(vi)
vin-xn
I-VII
Thdi ky mua
IQ
tieu man
V-VII
v-vm
v-vn
V-K
v-vin
v-vn
bdng
So dd phan vimg tdc dp gid ldn nhat quan trdc ven bien Viet Nam (10 vimg -
1.4)
Bing 1.4: So dl phan viing toe

d$
gid Idn nhat quan trac
[11]
TT
I
2
3
4
5
Ranh
gidi
Quing Nmh
Hii Phdng
-
Nmh Btoh
Thanh Hoi - Nghp An
Ha
Tinh
Quing Bmh - Quing Trj
Vmax (m/s)
40-45
45-50
35-40
45-50
35-40
6
7
8
9
10

ThCra
Thien -
Hul
- Quing Nam
Quing Ngai -
Phii
Yen
Khinh
Hoi -
Btoh Thuin
Vimg Tiu - Sdc Tring
Ci Mau - Kien Giang -
B^c
Lieu
30-35
40-45
20-25
25-30
20-25
Bang 1.5:
Stf Hh
phdn
viing
lupng mva ven bien
Vi^t
Nam [11]
TT
1
2
3

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ranh gidi
Mdng Cii - Hong Gai
Yin Hung -
Tam
Dipp
Nga Son - Can LOc
Thach
Hi
- Tu Nghia
Mp
Diic
- Cam Ranh
Ninh Hii - Bic Bmh
Him Thuin - Him Tan
VGng
Tiu
- Gd Cdng
Tra Vinh - Sdc Trang
Bac Lieu - Rach Gii - Hi Tien
Xo(mm)
2000 - 3000
1600 - 2000
1600 - 2000

2000-3000
1500-2000
500-1000
1000-1500
1000-1500
1500-2000
2000-2500
Ximax (mm/ngiy)
600
-
700
500-600
700-800
700-800
700 - 800
400-500
400 - 500
100-200
100-200
100-200
Bang 1.6: Sa do phan vung
mOa
mira,
mila kho ven bien
Vi^t
Nam
[11]
TT
1
2

3
4
5
6
7
8
Ranh gidi
Mdng Cii - Hdng Gai
Ven
biin
Hii Phdng - Thanh Hoi
Quynh Luu - Cam Nhupng
KyAnh-BdTrach
Ddng
Hdi - Cam Ranh
Ntoh
Thuin
BtohThuIn
Vung
Tiu
- Gd Cdng
Mua mua
Mualdid
V-K
X-IV
VI-X
XI-V
vm-xi
xii-vn
IX-XI

xii-vm
K-xn
i-vm
IX-XI
xii-vm
vin-x
xi-vn
v-x
XI-IV
Thdi ky mua lii
tiiu man
v-vn
v-vm
v-vm
v-vm
V-VII
9
10
Tri
Vmh -
Ci Mau
Rach Gii-Hi
Tien
V-XI
XII-IV
IV-XI
XII-III
So
do
phin vimg lupng

mua
theo
2 chi
tieu: lupng
mua nim
trung binh nhiiu
nim
Xo
(mm)
vi
lupng
mua
ngiy
ldn
nhat
Xi„j™,
(10 vung
-
bing
1.5)
So do phin vimg
mda
mua,
miia
khd
(10
vimg-bing
1.6)
So do phin vung mdc
dp inh

hudng
lu
(8 vimg - bing
1.7)
Bang
1.7: So dl
phin vikng
miic d$
inh
hudng
lu ven
bien
Vi$t
Nam |11|
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ranh gidi
Mdng
Cai -
Yen Hung
Hdi Phong
-
Thanh Hod

Quynh
Liru
-
Can
L0c
Thach Hd -
Bo
Trach
Ddng Hdi
-
Cam Ranh
Ninh
Thu?in
-
Binh Thuan
Viing Tdu
-
Cd Mau
RachGid-HaTiSn
Miic
dp anh
hudng
lii
M^inh
YIU
Trung binh
Trung binh manh
Manh
Tnmg binh manh
Yiu

Manh
So do phan vimg che dp thuy trieu (10 vimg
-
bang
1.8)
BSng
1.8:
Stf
do
phin
vung
chi d$
thuy
triiu
ven
biin Vift
Nam
[11]
TT
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
Ranh gidi
Mdng
Cii -
Lach Trudng

Ngh^
An -
Quing Binh
Quing
Tri
Thira
Thidn
-
Hul
Di
Ning
-
Quing Nam
Quing NgSi
-
Nha Trang
Cam Ranh -
Miii
Ne
Chi d$
trieu
Nhit triiu
diu
thuan nhat
Nhit triiu khdng deu
Ban nhit triiu khdng
diu
Bin
nh^t
triiu

diu
Bin nhit trieu khdng
diu
Nhit triiu khdng
diu
Tap triiu
-
nh^t
trieu khdng
Dp Idn triiu (cm)
4,0 ~
2,5
m
2,5-1,2
m
1,2
~
0,6 m
0,6 ~ 0,4 m
0,6-1,2
m
1,2-1,8
m
1,8-2,0
m
TT
8
9
10
Ranh gidi

Phan
Thiit-Ham
Tin
Vitag
Tiu - Mui Ci Mau
Mui Ci Mau - Ha Tien
Chi
dp triiu
diu
la chu
yiu
T^ip
triiu bin nhit triiu
khdng
diu
li chu yeu
Bin nhit
tiiu
khdng deu
T^p
triiu bin
nh^t tripu
khdng
diu
li
chii yiu
Dp ldn triiu (cm)
2,0 ~
2,5
m

2,5-3,5
m
0,8-1,2
m
So dd phan vimg
nude
dang do bao
d$c
trung (6 vimg - bang 1.9)
Bdng 1.9: Sa
dh
phdn viing nirdc dang do bdo ddc trung
TT
I
n
m
IV
V
VI
Ranh gidi
Mdng Cai - Hii Phdng
Hii Phdng - Thanh
Hoi
Thanh Hoa - Nghe An
Nghe An - Quing Ngai
Quing Ngai - Ninh
Thuin
Nmh Thuan - Ci Mau
Chi tieu
Vung

biin
khdng sau thoai
bso =30m (dO
sau cinh bd li 50
km)
Dp siu
biin
ldn hon (I)
Dp siu
biin
ldn hon (I) vi (II)
hso a50m
Dp sau bien Idn hon (I), (II),
(m)
hso =100
m
DO
siu
biin
ldn hon (I), (II),
(m),
(rV)
hso
=270 m; h =85 m
Thoii, khdng
die
hso
=5 - 85
m;
h =22 m

Dp cao nude dang
do bao p =
3%
304-320
321
304-329
270 ~ 385
200-230
220-286
Ngoii ra cdn phii kl
din
cic
yiu
tl tic dpng do nhin to con ngudi. Rimg ngip
min ven
biin Vipt
Nam trude diy khi phit triln nhiiu quin xa, nhiiu loai theo vung
vi theo mdc dp ngip
tiiu
cda bai
bii.
Song
hipn
nay rimg ty nhiSn bj phi do chit
dOe
hoi hpc, do bi chiy, do phi rimg Ian
biin
nudi tdm, ttdng lua. Nhi
nude
dang tap

timg
dau tu khdi phyc. Nhto chung doan bd
biin
tir Mdng Cii
din
Nga Son vi ven
bien Nam Bd, rimg ngap
m^
cdn gill dupe nhieu quin xa, nhiiu
loii.
Cdn ven
biin
Trung
BO
hi tin phi manh,
si
loai bj giim,
diOn
tich bj thu hpp rat ldn.
So dd phan vung cic die
diim
dja
mjo
theo nguon goc phit stoh (10 vimg -
bing 1.10)
Bang 1.10:
Stf
dl phin viing die diim dja
m^o
theo nguon goc phat sinh

TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ranh
gidi
Mdng Cii - Do Son
Do
Son
-
Nga Son
Nga Son - Mdi DOc
(Deo ngang)
Miii
DOc
- Son Tra
Son Tri - Sa Huynh
SaHuynh-CiNi
Ci Ni
- Vung Tiu
VOng
Tau - Miii Ca
Mau

CaMau-Rach
Gii
Rach Gii-Ha
Tien
Die
diim
dja
m^o
Bd phin cit xim thyc - kiln tao vimg vjnh, nhiiu dio -
niii sdt,
yiu
tl
biin
thong trj
Bd tmh tu
ding
bing delta, phit trien nhanh,
yiu
td
song chiim uu
thi.
Bd tich ty
ding
bing nhd ven
biin,
xen bd mii mdn di
gflc djng
nui sdt, bd khi bing phing, do
yiu
tl song

biin
tic ddng.
Bd tich tu cit
biin
da
dupe
lim phang (chan dim phi
ben trong) yeu
tO
bien thing trj.
Bd tich ty ddng bing nhd ven bien, xen bd mai mdn di
gdc,
dupe t£io
kha bang phing, do bien, sdng tic dpng
Doan bd khdc khuyu nhit (dang rang cua), nhiiu vung
vinh nhd va bin dio di gdc, thinh tao do tich tu mdt
phia (chu yeu tir phia
DOng
Bac),
yeu
tO biin
thdng tri.
Bd mii mdn tich tu, khi phing vdi cac miii da goc, yeu
to
biin
uu the
Bd tich ty delta
ciia
sdng, hinh thinh do yeu tl sdng
biin.

Bd tich tu
ria
delta do
biin
li chii
yiu
Bd tich ty
biin
xen bd mii mdn di gdc,
vQng
vjnh va
nhiiu dio nhd,
yiu
tl
biin
li
chii
yiu.