khảo sát hàm lượng protein tổng trong xương ngựa và cao xương ngựa

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






















GVHD: PGS.TS. 

- 105110173
 - 105110004





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LỜI CẢM ƠN

Chúng em xin chân thành cảm ơn các thầy cô Khoa công nghệ thực phẩm
trường đại học Kỹ Thuật Công nghệ đã truyền đạt những kiến thức cũng như kinh
nghiệm trong suốt quá trình học tập. Đặc biệt, em xin gởi lời cảm ơn đến thầy Lê
Văn Tiệp đã tận tình hướng dẫn cũng như giúp đỡ chúng em hoàn thành luận văn
một cách tốt nhất.
Cảm ơn Tiến sĩ Cù Thành Sơn, các anh chị trong phòng X-Gray, Viện khoa
học và công nghệ Việt Nam Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh, thầy Nguyễn Việt Hùng, cô
Lê Vân Anh và các bạn lớp 05DTP đã tận tình giúp đỡ, ủng hộ động viên, tạo điều
kiện thuận lợi cho chúng em trong quá trình thực hiện luận văn này.
Cuối cùng em xin gởi lời chúc sức khỏe đến quý thầy cô Khoa Công nghệ
thực phẩm, các anh chị trong phòng X-Gray cùng các bạn

Tp.HCM, Tháng 08/2009

CH1: T
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I. TNG QUAN 
1.1. c tho v nga: [3, 12, 18]
Ngng vc t n ln, v m.
nh d, ch c bo v bi mt guc bng cht sng.
nh d, cu   c che
ph   xu     
 txavan sa mc ho
Loa tai ("tai") ca nga r nh v ngu
th t cm xa v u,
tt.
Ngng vt , sy, ch yi th
dng si. Khi cn thi i thn gc thc v:
, v  ng vt nhai li, vi h th c tp ca
gxenluloza trong "rut tt" (cecum), mt phn ca rut kt. B 
co, va  gm th
  nghin th.
au khi giao phng ch sinh 1
 i ch khong 1 gi c
m ng 4 t
Nhng du hiu ca mt con nga khe mnh:
- S lp ca tim: 30-40 nhp mi nga non). Ly nhp t

   p m  
trng.
- Nhp th: 12-20 ti
- t: khong 37.5
0
C.

  ngu ging, khi thu  a hoang thu

CH1: T
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, phc v   u o, a
 nga th a chin .v.v tu c lai to v
p. ng nga sau:
 Ng : g  to khe, vi  s ng, 
n chuyp, sc bt tt
 Nga th(draught horse):  o ln, s n,
kh ng gic
 Ng: ng  phc v di chuyn, chiu, lo
 ng,  con, c, , thi ti
c gi gi ng t c v. : nga chin 
 do dai phc v nhin trn i ting
v    c nga d   Mongolian Horse, nh con, 
  hi thi tit cao.
 Nga Hoang(Mustang): sng hoang di, khi thy ng, xng ra s
 t tic, tr l, ng, loi
 nhanh nhn, hung d, 

-


N
.




. ngng  Rp

CH1: T
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 ngh

 ng

CH1: T
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 nga th ( draught Horse)

 nga cy ( draft )

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1.6 nga 

 nga hoang (Mustang)


 nga ki

CH1: T
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1.2. a: [3, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20]
B a g
- , bao g trong tai.
- i.
- t st sng ct sng ngt st sng
- t).
- n (mt s gi.
- c.
- c.
- m ch.
B 
ng bng chi
b ct sng ca con vt s ng lp ht khi
 ch u. Ma ct si gi
n trc tip hop ch i. Nh
ngng.
ng phn ph, ch 
c; c 
u, b

Ngp n
 p thng ch sc ni.
Kh di chuy chu
  c.           gim s   
chuyng tr  n 550 - 650 kg. Mi khp

c nh bi h thng phc tp c thng phc t
ng nhng b.


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
 c a [13]

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1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. chm
7. i
8. t sng c
9. Sn (c
10. 
11. Xn, dt, mng ni
v  i nhng bp th  
ch  m vi rng ca s
chuyng.
12. c
p nm xc
khi nga chy.

13. M    : Gii
ha ph 
khp ni v   c to
    a khu 
.
14.      i
chi trong gia
.  c    
c.
15. X     i
  t  ph  a
chi gi   c  i
c.
16.      
bi nh  n gi 
      
.
17. : Mt phn ca chi
c to bi mi
kh  c tay v   
c.
18.  c
19.      n lin
vn.
20.     ng
khp li vi ct sc.
21. ng n
22. X
23. un
s di chuyn v c.

24. 
25. 
26. t sng ct

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27. 
khp ni vi ch
.
28. X  :   
phng, nhnh
v   mt m c ca khuu
   p li m  c
bit v
29.      i
 gia

30.      i
   chi trong gia
 .
31.  Calcis
32. : Mt phn ca
chi sau to bi nh  n
nm gi
kh
t b gi.
33.   : Phn ca chi sau,
to bi mt s   i khi
      u 

c
34.  

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1.3. [6, 11, 14, 19]
t dng thuu ch bc chit xut
c cht t thc ho
 ng hin u loi cao d
liu tc, c
h
u loi cao na n i cao
t, cao nc rn v.v
a
               

               
10g.

t. c OS Pantherae. B phn s d
thu ng cao mm nu t 
m, v cay, mc b  
  chi dng cao mng 5-10g.
u
t. c OS Ursi. B phn s d
b m, cay, v m
dng bi b tc mi, tr em
 dng cao mm vi liu trung  8-12g mi


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
  cc OS Tigris. B phn
  
mn, c, m
nhi hp lo sng. Bi b ng cao mm hay
u trng. Liu u 5-i huya


 ph
m, v mi hp
vu, kh nc b
n. Ung  dng cao m-10g.

u cc OS Macacae. B ph 
  m, v mc b  
 n , xanh xao, thi m.
i dng cao mi m-10g.

t. c OS Caprae. B ph
m, v mn, 
kinh can, t, thng tr lic b  n  gy yu,
c bit ci hp v,
u, kh nc b 
ng t 10-20g m

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Cao quy bn
 nhay quy
Carapax Testudinis. Quy bnh, v ngt, mn, 
kinh thng cha thc tro
c, ph n ii dng
thuc sc, bc dng cao. Nng thuc sc, li
m 12-24g. N 10-15g. Cng hp

Cao mai ba ba
   n g            c
Carapax Amydae, thuc h ba ba (Trionychadae). B ph
nh, v mn, t, phc b 
i lao gy, lao l, nhng tit niu (tiu ra si), ph
n b kinh. S dng  dng bt, sc hay cao mm. Li-
ng h    t, t   y, ph n 
mang thai.
M u cho th  n c      u cha
nhim cao. Cao cung cp nhng loi acid amin quan trng
n t ng c
th hi phc sau nhng bing.  bin
cao, n     c nh   i acid amin s b  
 mang li hiu qu c.
1.4. a [3, 12, 11]
1.4.1. ng ca cao nga

PGS.TS Nguyn Th - ng Ving quc gia cho rng:
 gii hic phm chc
h tr u tr bnh tng sc khng phi b

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sung mt s cht sinh hc bit rt l i
ng hng lai thc phu ph
n ph
ngng cht rt cn thi i cc cung cp h
 ng nhu cn b 
cao sc khe, phc h    , phc h   
nga bnh tt.
ng thi B.s Ph ng Y hc C truyn, hi
Ch tp Hi Thc Phm Cht Nam  
ng ngng b  ch
bi i nh
ng        tr       u cao
 t tt cho nh c,
 ng, ph n hu s
c hi sc khe ti vi nhc, ph n kinh
nguyu, tr em xanh xao bi thao
   c nhiu s qua n nay, 
Nguy ng, khnh, "Th
th  em cng th 
nga n cha th c  i va mi m d n
u rt hiu qu, th
c mt chi nhng nng nhi
cao tui gy yu, suy kit sc kha s ng, d ng  say,

d c phc b b
d b a s khi bnh. Cao ngng chng
bi vi tr em t mt tui tr u g ng,
bia s  
hc  c lit kt qu

CH1: T
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 bt qu 
tha canxi ph ngng b


Bng 1c trong cao ng vt [6, 11, 12, 21]
n
Cao nga
Cao Kh
Cao Ban Long
Canxi (%)
5.56
0.02
0.08  0.12
Photpho tng (%)
5.48
0.03
0.04 - 0.2
Protein tng (%)
69.44
16.86
15.55  17.62

Axit amin (%)
46.02
0.58
0.53  0.96
















CH1: T
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1.4.2. n xut cao nga

X 
Nga
y
Ct nh
u gng

Nu ln 1
Nu ln 2
Nu ln 3
Phi trn
c
Sn phm
t = 50- 60
0
C
T l u:1kg g
 = 24h
Nc ct 1
 = 24h
c ct 2
c ct 3
 = 24h

   sn xut cao nga theo truyn thng [11]

CH1: T
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Nga
Kim dch
X 
C
Xu

Ra



Nu, khuo
S
Hm
c
n 1

n 2
m
Th

t
0
< -30
o
C
 = 10-

t
0
= 50  60
0
C
 =
t
0
=
 =
p =
 = 5-8h

X 
C
u




Nu, khuo
S
Hm
c

Sy
T
n 1

n 2
Th

t
0
= 20
0
C
 
No ht t 
l  p
 trong, ra
sch
t

0
= 50  60
0
C
 = 20-
t
0
= 80- 90
0
C
 = 24 h
p = 1 at
    sn xut cao ngp [11, 21]

CH1: T
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Theo hai   chuu ging nhau, ch  
nt b nu 
p
n thng
-c sy
- .
- u gc khi
nu.
- c hm mt ln, t = 24 h

- Hm trong nt
- Nu bng bp ga hon

- m trong 3 l, mi ln
24 gi
- Hm trong chng
- Nu bng than.
- 
- 

1.4.3. ng s dng cao nga [5, 11]
Ph n 
 chuyn bii n n b
sung ngu n ca
con t ng hp sn ph b bin chng tin
sn c tiu.
Tr em t n 15 tui d:
n, nhm b sung ngu
n thit cho s .
n phc hi bnh:
n thi gian tr lu
ht canxi, h tr b  n cui, chnh y


CH1: T
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i gian tp luyn:
ng n mt ch   ng (3.000  6.000 Calo/
i cao ng m 80% s  phu,
v nng bng khi tp luyn, vng nhu cng, vt hiu qu cao.
i ln tui:

 ci ln tu 
ngon. V nhu cm: do kh p th ng hp chm  i cao
tu xng thim. Va vng
m cao s ng tt nhu c.
n gi:
c ra
n, chng, t
bng mi gia protein, cht ng hc
 a, kt hp vi gim chng s  t
c s ng.

CH1: T
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Bng1.2. ng dn s da: ( theo B.s Nguy


protein











21



6-
23

5


1-
28

5


4-
36

5


7-
40

5



Nam


Nam


10-
36.8
38.4
5
5

13-
51.6
46.9
7.5
7.5

16-
58.3
45.3
10
10

-






45
41.2

10
10


45
41.2
5
5

- 

47.2

10



57.2

10



53.2

10



52.2

10



- -4 ln, mi lng s dng.
-  bing m

0
 ngu t ong. Hoc khi n
hy 10  i lc bt nh
bu xu 40
0

u, mng hai ln, mi ln ung m khong 20ml (~ 5g cao)
c hai b.
ng dn bo qun:
Bo qu  
0
C d b 
chy. Cao  dng, tt nho qun trong t lnh.

CH1: T
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Chng ch nh:
Nhi bnh suy tha ph nh c
y nhi b bnh c
g nga

Do nh cao huyng mch
 dng lo
    i
 rau mung chi, t, h
     

.
1.5. Protein [1, 9]
1.5.1. 
 


.
 
Protein (protit hay u to theo
axit amint hp vt
m t peptide (g xon
cun hoc gp theo nhi tc ca
protein.



CH1: T
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Trong-
-
C,H,O,N n, P 
C: 50-55% O: 21,5  23,5% N: 15  18%
H: 6,5  7,5% S: 0,3  2,5% P: 0,1  2%
, I
2,
Cu, Zn, Mn,
Ca
 
 Axit amin - 
t hp ch c t rt nhi
c cu to bn: m-NH2), hai
   -           i 1
 i R quyt c
hic tt c n ca tt c 
trong  sc li i bng sau:

1.13 
nh 1.12 


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1.3. 




Glycine
Gly

Alanine
Ala
Valine
Val
Leucine
Leu
Isoleucine
Ile
Methionine
Met
Phenylalanine
Phe
Tryptophan
Trp
Proline
Pro
Serine
Ser

Threonine
Thr
Cysteine
Cys
Tyrosine
Tyr
Asparagine

Asn
Glutamine
Gln
Aspartic acid
Asp

Glutamic acid
Glu
Lysine
Lys

Arginine
Arg
Histidine
His
 

o               
   
             

                 

CH1: T
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




o 


 

o 


--
-S-S--
-

-

o 











