GIÁO TRÌNH KỸ THUẬT CHUYỂN MẠCH VÀ TỔNG ĐÀI
Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (9.74 MB, 152 trang )
!"
"#$ %& '
()*+,- !"./01
2
34562
78+$ 9: ;<2
9: ;"0,*=>
(?@9: AB
1CDEF0;B9: ABG+,-+H(
I;:;B9: AB('
1>
345J1>
(K;/9: L1>
(7,*M$ %N*OPF0 9: L7)I
((LL"I>
(1&9QD$ 7)'1
.R
STU345V6VWR
19: XVR
1"/9: 7)>
.YI
ZS[UYI
I78\NN]YI
IV^0O$/Y
I(Z$/ABR'
I1.\G#Q+@_N]%*PA`G#/BO$/ABR(
IIa`+bO$/D$^%c((
.1(
VdefVgV)h)71(
'H/^%c)7i)$DjG7D$D0$D$+k1(
')*%l;B^F0^%c)71'
!"+c_,*/D9%,0"m%n_H%n
VD90 !"+coMD9"m*c9H*;
OpA`G#\/%/q%/mq0%/"0QO&
L/#C_G&#$;c
!"O0$lc_n\rQO&9: qQO&
D9Gsq"D,tD9cQO&%nB
!"#$%&
VQO&%nBF0 !"L:%,-:+cQO&0$Q_K0
,tA`G#H
MuF0QO&%nBr
v ZQ%^MnD9,QLquOPqAB+/qoPwc
G \/%/_x-_%:L:D90 !"
v V00c$DoQ+@_qG9DoqP_L9QD9
yQO&%nB,t%,-Bc$ OpN%"G89%,-]+c
%,tG89<O0$V,*My%,tG89<O0$Az+cN %/O<D$
NQO&c$%LF0 %/%L%,-]+c %/0$Q_%,tG89
<O0$)i)OADOjDAjjD{0jDk %/c9$_|_QO&%n
BF0,tA`G#q0%,tG89<O0$0$Q_%,-HQO&O<D$
VQO&%nB$ $ D9Bl9%/$ q9}0~q9
\q^%c7XZai7D0jX$0ZD0•~0jkw
' ()*+
VQO&
%nB
VD8
9:
VQO&
D9Gs
VD8
9:
VQO&
D9Gs
VQO&
%nB
"
D,t
D9
Gs
oc_n\F0 !"
VD89: 09^%c+cQO& Gx%: $D09Q"
K0QO&%nBF0x^%cH0iN]N k$€K0
QO&%nBF0^%cc9HQO&%nBF0^%c;0%,tD
;QiN]+<^%cqN]%,tGck$€K0D;QH0iN]
0k
MuF0D89: r
v VQ+@_qG9DocP_L9QBK0<O0$n+<+
v C_c~`+bO$/<O0$cO$/D;Q%:_##M
u9:
v V^MqP+b i0D•$Gj qP+bD F0%nB
c9QD9GskqC_0$Q_cG&#<O0$q_B-_
D9Gsi^M8c;<qG qM\/wkOQ%^c^M
"O<D$D89: w
, !"#(*
‚x%:BQO&%nBH^%cq09K0^%c%:=//
D9%,0\/%/
/(01(*
Z0$lD9K9Qc"9QVD9K9QO0$l_;+$ q
_0VD9"9QO0$lO0q/
2 34
v _8C_
(
oV^M ;:-_B
~89G= B0n$ %&C_9: Q
;"%,-_8C_o/_##N]%,tGcAz€_;L;uG$9Q
%,tGc;"%,-$ %&D,HqNBAz_P0^%cqt0
Q+@_+8qc0$qA`G#QO&;|/PqC+,-_##C_w
_8C_$_|_;ƒ_#%,-,-%:D<
5$6$+7898*
!"/ L%€%:+cl ND<+„qM
Hy+$ G&#"+ L\CN+$ !"D<O/%:_#
#G&#L
• Vj+j~rGx%:`OM%/G,HG ;b=%…%,-…$OpIO
i…Z0G$kVB%ND9DCC_imRIH(YYO†Ak
• %/ $ " Nq • ] +c 7[V) i7+0 [+G Vj+j_$j
)jDjkr‡ %89"QL%,-ABL0c9: ‡/B
9: %/$ "N7)V
• D9AB+/rO0$l 9: L%:D0$%^AB+/K0
9\G=0D<0$MF0aIc/BD9AB+/9:
;<G=0D<0$Ma
1
,HD=
Q_
,H09
Q
VD8BQ
VD8+<ˆ
VD8x
V^%cN
o(V^M ;:_8C_
• \/D9oL:%,-D9j$O0rD9OpAL"
9QqD90/B D9o_XV.i$9Xj0
Vj+jA$kOp_%lD#$€D90/B/09•]+c
D9oD=Q_‚Z)i‚DjZD$0G0A)9Ajk
• VD$_ *0qAB+/K09\%,-D0$%^"0
#ONXi$0+XDj0j‰$D;kc^QC+c •jDjqV$;j
ZAcV$;jŠ
y %,-Q;Q$G&#D<O/c;":A`G#$
#%\;.\G#0;":D9QL0 9: LaIo
D!0 c9+H,t00 .!"j$;\0 A0r
• a|L%N;?@O0$l 9: q D9Gsq
D9@_q O$/c %lON
• a|L%NG&#o .!"l A0r %/$ B
%&q %/$ G%Nc D9AB+/r
c 9: $ "N7)V_##$ cO0$l0+$
^%cr^%cN iC_Ikqc^%c0Gji^%c0N qC_1k
V^%c0Gj%,-Bc$^%cV$++%:PM_8C_7,*__
8C_0Gj+cO^A$yENXV$DjXV$DjAzC_
G&#OuDN$<O0$q%lt-_C AB+//09c$
)‚^%cC_1cC_I+c^%c+$ +H^%cc9L
;QDE@_DqCDE_nc_nM%N9
c AB\-_G&#)‚C_+$ MG#$ c_$
D$xN c~89G=0$Q_,tA`G#‹ %0G&#OpN
ABH ;QB)‚C_MG#;0O0$l;QB
9: c;" 9: ;QB9: F0)‚O0$l
9: =q9: LcA=;Q-_F0EG&#H
_P,*-_H;QB9: AB'1;O†A)‚_PM0A="
%:C_$G&#qOP$G,ŒcMuP+b q9<\
"c9L:;"%F%:$NcG&#Hcn%,-u,tm
$€mA="\MD$QO&%nBF0,tA`G#)`
G#;QDE_8+H_+c%€D,F0D9~C)‚VD9~CF0,tA`G#
%Ql)‚L:;0x9Nc$G	<ncoD )‚F0
mB0
c 9: AB+/"N7)‚F9QC_G&#AB
+/ 7)‚O0$l7$7i7$${7DjAjjkcQO&D9@_m~0
I
/097)‚%0_D:HB%NDC0G$A=Ox^F0G&#jDj
c D<P$i.D0+7D0jj‰$D;k
!"##$%&'&
c C_G&#$ ,*=,7)V,0%,tD9@_"
9Q c99: G=0D<"/|_;<_8t0c"
/|_;<_8nABc_n*OPF0 c9+crZ)iZ0Aj)0$
$D$++jDkqZV)iZ0AjVD0A{jD)0$kqŠi$j$0$ŠjAjDkq.Ši.A$D
$0$ŠjAjDkc)i$O+j)OADOjDk
/09cC_G&#%,-+-@_n+HmG&#,
+j0AjG+jq}D0jŠj+09qXVqcG&#;QB*OPV9<~,HP
+-@mG&#c9OƒONc;0_PoG&#HG=0D<7
%:%POP$+-@+8Gc.7+cN,H%F0c;0G&#
G=0D<7C_;QBK0NL,tGx~9<0 n
"N.7L:%_MnF0;cOp;QBG N
cHNcq+H_%0G&#qG&#cP+bC_qD<,q\-_
~9<AB xH D0j†•~D0j N L,tGxD$
D0jc•~D0jL:$ %N"0 L%&9Q7 D<
P$L_\@cC_*•A$H D<D<_,*/P+bqOu
"cG+,-:N%*Pq.7+cN ‡DN=P,
NA=+=0]*A‡ nF0 ŽX.7L:+<;Q,tGx
NNL;\09K0L;0.7%,-%&•0OpNQ
%NP+b<O0$.7L:G9:%QN;QBG„$DPGcm
#ON%Q $cˆ<O0$c9L:GxD$xiD0jk
$€;i•~D0jk^MV9<n+,bDp/09 7)V†)‚s
%0+c C_G&#GK+/
':;$#
()!*%
VD$_nc9qE0Azo:%&G F0$ABiˆ$P
]+c%&0ˆkGx%:@G <O0$F0 .!"
• )B<O0$iAB,#kr.x%&0+bF0NB0%,-0cx
%ABD<DzcAB<O0$ i)‹)OADOjDOjDAk@G
%,tG89<O0$D$Nx%AB#:N)O0$lN…^
%ci•‹•~0j$Gjk%:@G N^%cD$Nx%ABq
%,-O:G!O‡NAB%,tD9ik,A0r)••‘
• )BB0rVD$N,HqN<O0$%,-@G O‡NABB0
i‹0$0+OjDkqO0$lN…xiX‹XDj0$Gjkq…x+c
'
…Gx%:@G x%ABq%,-O:G!O‡NAB<O0$,A0r
•X‘)•X‘•‘
• )BBQrVD<QHN<O0$%,-@G O‡NABBQi‹
jD0$0+OjDk)Bc9O0$lN…B0i‹$D9$Gjkq
%,-O:G!j$NABB0,A0r
•‘•‘X‘•‘
N<O0$)]N<O0$%,-%€‡xNx%ABqo<
O0$);"09AB<O0$)Q<O0$%,-]AB‡xN,H,
‡Nx;o)09ABcQ<O0$%,-]AB‡N,H;o
)n_P09AB
Q$ %ABB0o%&•0%&G F0<O0$cF0ABB
0nQB0%L;Q$ %ABF0D<o
()$+,
QDE=QF0OC;’N %_#Nc$NAB9QBqN
D$K9QB0D]C+c<“D9GsZC;’N\/c$
%,-D9%ƒ_P/,-A9PqM%NA9Pˆ+/HGcF0
%,tD9Gs”Do9: D$^%c•+cA9P\/:
CPN]%,-C_@n_PKA=%lG F0QL%:,t
j:%,-qo@9N;Q$ D9Gs$ +"+"%,-9<nN
;Q$ D9Gs\$C$B%0$_|_F0CP+$ %,t
D9q%lt•\$C$B:qO‡oKQ+c$~c$G$A9
PD$\/QL+c;":C_@%,-oIDoOc9N\G#
F0N;Q$ D9qD<%LˆD0C$"0% +,-‚jOj+AiGZk
C$c9L%,-Op_,*__%$% ;0D$
;0
R
oI.\G#N;Q$ D9Gs
VD$ N q;QBF0<O0$O0$l€_G89%lqy
<O0$%,-C_N€_E%,-$,+c_n%n,0D]c;|/
Po+,-PDOocc9D<y<O0$+cDCC_c%,-P
B:OpGxG89LˆAB0jC_V9<qG89P*L
%NA9P+H*D<N%*&Gc.o@9n_PH Gc;Q
B<O0$c9P,‡&D\F0^%cc$ %&x N
VD$ -_Bq9QK0^%c%,-Gx_x-_H9<n
F0Pqc,t%NPD<E0$*D$ N .o@9_PGxG89
LˆAB0j0$*%:P:MA9P\/D<N%*&Gc
.oA9P;"^%&<Nc9QL"+H*A$H;Q% –D0
;";Qc\%,-GxVD$Kun%89,t0GxD9GsAB
D$ -_BqGx;?@%Q~j$…i7k;ƒ_#%,-C%
<D<VN\BLF07+cGx%,tGsD<O/$y,H
D9q $\/09o;Q% %j%QC+,-D9Gs0$*•
,^%&*
2
,t%NPDOoD<9QD;Q+H*$€OpH,t%NP
D< -_BVPD;Q%,-@_DmAB+H<O0$qc9Q%,-
yD-N\~%:_x-_Hn=Qi,-+ N
_P%,-yD-Nx9b;"_#Nc$PD<Ek*K0q
D;Q=/NAB+,-+HP%:9: c%,tD9Gs
‚$%LLD‡cNc_nn+c/;“D,*c/P0$Do
D C$D$/~`+bN]c9L:=/%,-Op
~89G=Q+,-%&9Q%:H AB+,-+<;QD;QD$y
N]qOp;Q% D<9Q00+$cGx;?@D9GsAB
.oON;9Q% +cQO&;"%&,H< 1G89%,-
GxD<9Q00+$L;Q% ZN9:%^G89A01G89%,-Gx‡
K* D;Q;Q% 1G89%,-BHD89:
G89‚$%LqN;A=D91G89%0%,-A`G#oD89: 1
G89D‡<%,-,0N*NQ+,-%&9Q,t%,-GxC+c
QNN]9<n*0+<;QD;QqEAz%,-%&9Q0
n0$CF0 D;QDxH^%c1G89c%,tD9Gs
D<)=;Q% PC$0 $%;/MC$L:Op
;"
.C%A9P%,-;ƒ_#N%;:D$ D9GsABc
L,Q9: ZPC=<F0D9GsABL:% %,-A=^
%&D$"D9GsqtLON+€_iDj_j0jDkA\/ABq*•
_,*__;9Q% D$D9Gs,*=;Pu;!i$Ajk
V=@9qD$ ABL0$c$cqA=A9P•%,-~j,N_,*
__8 $%: $PG!&$,tj‚$%LqD$"D,tABL0
CP;QB+cDCB*K0/099: ABD„*9: ,*
=VCP/B /% %G=0D<P9: ABcD9GsABV=
Q/ _0%…%,-09Q$"D,tD9Gs;
Š—DcD$CPN]BQAzGxNAB+<;QD9Gs\
C+cF00B0qL%•–_PL;Q% cA\/VCP
N]BQG$%LAz%,-yD-%,tD91G89•,9: 1
G8909 ^%c9: BQ%,t_~9<% G,*c
%,tO0%,-C_O‡/oc<%,tD9BQ*
OPqcnO0%,-Gx_F;\D$ 8+#)=_P~ \/‡
n%B+,%,-Gx%:"HKxpO<;08Dt.\G#K0
NB0D<%C+H%P$~009cGnV8P%,tD9Gs
BQH"0/c%,t_~9<O:%+c%,tD9GsABqM
G#;?@H,_0+c0uC+,-%,tD9BQ
>
()!-$)
Q$ M(DC0D]%:%c qL9Q%&\/P$
%NF0 q%L+c;Q$ %&9QQ$ c9%&D0CP<“
%&9Q$N]G,H]oBLˆD0DpD$N -_B
NN]L:%,-%&9QK00^%c$€0N+<;QD=Q_09
0N09%:D0<;QD=Q_%,-C_x9j$N<
“c$%Lq• ,QP+H*NM%&K00^%cc
%&c9+c#:L0<“q+cN_nF0;Q$ %&9Q
V,*=qD$ D;Qq;Q$ %&9QO0$l+@~%&
/#nQF0^%cD;Qq+cQc$EBH0qEL
;QDE_8C_09;"q09CPD<N 0cVD$
,*=q;Q$ %&9QO&P,‡O‡;Q$ D9qL%&D0ABB%0
+<;Q;"n;9Q% L:%,-GxD<NN]qcG$%LˆD0AB
+<;Q-_BB%0qoCP+<;QD;Q%%,-;9Q% qc•ˆ
D0ABB%0+<;Q;9Q% 1G89;9: G89%,-GxZ‡oy
+<;Q_PLNC$~%&i<O:+c(GZk%:%POP$\^%&
VD$N ABL%+,b;D$;Q$ %&9Q
L;\0 ;Q$ %&9Q.\G# D<OC;’N9Q
c$+c˜N,H™09˜0,H™š%c9L•0+cEL:Q_@N
]D<N,H09P0,HQ$ %&9Q_PL+@$9Q
%&_x-_H\;Qc;?@qc~j 0,HLK\D<
]9Q09;"
o'&9Q=%NL0+=0]
Y
N+,b;+c%&9QG=_•L%,-Gx09;"&9QG=
_•+cDoC_NA=+=0]M0$N];EC__P
A=ƒzD<+=0]MC.\G#D<o'LN9QD=Q_K00
^%cXcZqPK00^%c",t%,-C_N9QV9<q
Q;"L c$DPD<9QD=Q_c9oOC;’NN]Hc$Az
O&CDm;LN9QM%:]VD$oqN]+=0M,@9%,-
ˆ0^%c&9QG=_•;"KC_N9QG=_•
D$G&#^c•%,-Q;QH#<%POP$A`G#/PP
09Qi9QMCc9QMkL:ˆ%&9QL/P0$*+c
9Q%n<qD$D,t-_c9+c9QL\ _##$P,-Pm0
D0%,-0$9QMP09Q+"%,-A`G#NL/P
9QXZcX‚+c9Q/P0$qc9QX+c9QyD-+,-Pm0mXZ
cX‚•,D=Q_mX%Q
.HQO&%:;:*qˆ&%&9Q%,-~89G=A›HG89
Gs_M _‚$%LDC;LcBt0%:09%^E^%cAB
/% +$ *šˆ&%&9Ql G,HG _nD$ONH
9\%,-09%^G!Gcc0L‚$%Lq9QG=_•%N%,-
C_$_|_%&9Q+ MtiD<*A‡ tk09;Lƒz
<D]~P9D009;c_nF0 O&,&9Q%ND‡c
N%B,-F0/BP+b q#<F0L+cB,/A`G#
G,H]%;/
./&!0
)B+,-N]cN 09NL L:PD$N
;$Pt0$D,H_#Nc$t0ƒKcsN]
%Q.\G#Qt0ƒKN]+c(_EqcN]%Q%&;’y(
_E+nqPA`y;$Pt0%QF0NN]Q_09A0;;QE
;$Pt0D,H%LqN %*j$+b9QL:0YN]D$
NtAzn,$cON'Y_EN\~q09YYœt0QN
N]M%QD$;$Pt0Nt%LqLAzC__PA=ƒzc
CO
€;qQt0KyN]+c_Eq c9L:=/B
%0(YN]j$+b9QV9<D$=QqN]L;$Pt
0Q ;0qcB%ND9@_;"^%&V@@9QYN]
%QD$;$Pt0NtqosL:O&B+C+<009Pt
0K DOo+c(_E09\*qNABAzO&CO .o@9OC;:
N]O&Cqt0Q /P•–*YYœ
VD$;L::t0A‡K +</HAB+,-N%,-
=/;"%,-+</N%*PHAB+,-N]%,-=
/;"%,-+</"%*PHABN]C_Vt0Q
K+cN=:L:%$+,tc%,-~j,+cP%,-9:V^t0
F0N]0$;$Pt0AiH%*&\D,Hk]+c
,t%NP*&\+cjD+0i•k
VD$\G#‡D<qN %,-'Y_EQK D$;$Pt
0tqG$%L,t%NP+cNjD+0
V,*=q,t%NPL:%,-\$$NL .\G#D<hình
1.7DoOc9NLI qy =/NABN]D$;$P
t0tN]O&CO G$ƒz;"\%Q
VD$Lc9r
V^t0]•(1>_E
,t%Nc•(1>†i~'Yk•q>jD+0i•k
,t%NPD<N •q>†I•YqI2•
,t%NP•L:%,-\Op%$+,t09MtqD$D,t
-_c9LOpABN]DOo%,-~`+b
X•~†V
VD$%Lr +cABN]%,-~`+bD$t0$D,Hš
+ct0]DOoD<NN]š
V+ct0~j~|
:~%&N\~;PuF0^%cc9Qq%lt
G=%$,t%NPD$,*+0;~|G9/;Q$ qn_P%$+,t
P %:;0D$ VD$;$B% %,-;QP\
~$cP$o/ƒ%ll%$Pc$y %nBD<^%c+c
;";QN_,*__+C9s@/*Az%,-GxVD$^%c
)7/%,-=/0_nqLL:=/A$cONV9
</~`+bGK+/L:DC€c%ƒ
b•0F9QF0/+C9s+c;:D0 D$;$Pt0
QKj$%&;’V^ABt0]%,-_/%,-0$AB+n;:
`%:L%,-t0]DOo.\G#qQ;:`LF0 ,
D$oR%,-=/yY_Eq,DoOc9Op%,tG]qt0
O@+c('_ED$;$Pt.oLsqPDOo%,-=/
O‡L%,-\Op('†•(qY•c9DCBHD&DOo(1>†Y
•q>•% %,-Op0^t0O@=QH;$Pt0~j~|
\Op_E
VP09%^x9c$t0D$c9qc9D$nqx0c&D\%&0+b
<O0$8=/N]Ns<qy^%ccy9Q
DP0;$Pt00$%:A`G#D$yc9VD$^%cN
x;QD]%:qt0$%:,t+cO^AVD$xG8,L:
~“9D0c$O^BVD$xD]%:;QqPPc$c9F@c
,t0$%:c$K0n€;PBN0$%:c$Bn;0
%oA]_c,HPVPBQ,t0uc$x0•
<=Lược đồ biểu diễn sự chiếm giữ của các cct trong một nhóm gồm 5 mạch được
giám sát định kỳ 10 giây
V,*=qPm<O0$8o9Q*VD$Nc9ˆcN]q
PD<<O0$c9ˆL,t%N;$PYq((jD+0V9<qoPm
<O0$%^N^%cqMDOoP+H*L:G=%$%,-D$OCM
t0$D,Hc$P0Do~`+bF0^%cLD‡<D$AB
*VD<9Q-_B•,%,tD;QPD‡<n#cD$
AB9Qc9L;Pu@9:+H*MB%0L:•,*=q
N^%c%,-Q;QHQO&L;Pu=$+,-PG=%$
09ouMD<^PF0<O0$D$D,t-_x;‡%N%lt
c9@D0DpAzLD,t-_NN]%Q^%cAz;"%,-%_
M
Pu=P+HCC__PA=A+<#O‡QO&A`G#
j$Q%Nƒ qo@9MC$$_|_%,-]c;PuP% %Q
NM%N$D,HHMC$%&D$t0$%:.\G#qQN
N]CO D$NDuN]o$c$cL:C_@%,-
<M$]+,$ 09+b9Q+,+,-D< .!
"%,-Gx%:%POP$;PuC$N]‡NM%NL:C_
@%,-%BH<O0$q%ltL\;Q%BHA=AV9<q
(
nHDp%,tN _P%,-C_D<y<O0$c%89+c
l_*OPF0CPP
)B+,-\~F0QO&q09 %,-C_Op\$m
OP%,-Gs~Cm+b9Q+,+,-,D$CPMG#$]q\
C09%^n_P%,-~j~|%;/O<D$^%cqPs<qc
Gx_|__8OB~AC%:~C_~ˆAB+,-P
:;Q$ %n9%Fon%$+,tPD$ABt0O@VD$Ku
n%89qp0u/Gx%/$ qPD$_ B0•,
x;QD]%:qt0O@%,-u<NABtc;$Pt0%$
+,t_x-_;"_P+"+"DxN\~Ht00$%:
";;QP+c;"%n9%F,$ %ND$^%c)7L:
Q%,-C%c9
,>?@0AB98
123&
:_##$G&#",$ qAB+/q{0~qj+j~cG&#
;,%/$ G%Nqƒqw<,H0/09$c 9:
"N•L F0NABG&#;Š< Vj+j~;";QB
H $ F0.7Vq• ;%%,-;QBc$ F0.7V
"0;<D;Q$€ON)i0)‰kqNAB;+ D9
@_c$ 7)V0;<<O0$Oo,tqA`G#;?@‚i‚0+
$$_0DDjDkq;?@D9@_"9Qqw
.CDE q !"F0.7V/090c(C_rC_B
QqC_B0qC_Nˆ†c_B
a|;\0 MuF0/BQO&D< o !
"O0$lr 9: q D9@_q D9Gsc M
u
$4&
9: L1C_iG=0D<C_^%c9: kr0
BQq0%,tGcqNˆcN Š< c_Bl\L
<C_0N
/09 .7V%…LD89: BQc9:
B0‡cNqc›qVc_Bl\ F0O,%/ˆ•
%0_D:‡DNˆqc_B~C/CDE H
^%c$Aqc_B+H,cNqVc_Bl\%…c%0D:
;0V0GjN
!"F0.7V/ %,-0+cIC_qD$,*+0Az%,-
PmIC_~B1C_
1
c9G$c<F0.7V%cr%L+c.Vq.VcO,%/
ˆ.VP+b^%c9: 0BQq.VP+b^%c
9: 0%,tGc (D8cNqc›cV_7n
•+ G$O,%/ˆP+b
+$ ^ %c L D< ! " ./0r XYYY• F0 X+0j+q
•Xa'žF0•qXa•YF0•DAA$q•Ž)‚F0)jjA
"/9: %,-A`G#r9: ;<i7)VkqaIDj+09q
XViAB+/k
o 9: ./0•C_c/%;:O&
_8D$ i%;:p ^%ck
$+,
/BQO&D9GsD< !".7V/09F9QA`
G#0+$ "/+cr_0)‚cO07‚ D9GsLC_r
D9Gs+<ˆc D9GsNˆ
• D9Gs+<ˆr Z0$l/BD9GsOp_0q
Op"9Q
o D9Gs+<ˆOp_0r D9Gs%,tD#B
0BK0cNcV_Gc1YYY;qA`G#)Vv'†}vZ)Šq
%,-0c1•D cV•qc›q”*cV_
.•rcN‹cV•i221;k
.•rcV•‹c›i2(1;k
.•(rc›‹”*i2R;k
.•1r”*‹V_i11;k
%,tD9Gs;rcN‹P7•qcN‹•0ZoqV_‹
.•VcqcN‹7Fb‹0&qc›‹V0’9QD9Gs+<
ˆc9Gx)Vv1Š<9QcN‹0&qc›‹V0’s•A`
G#7‚qD$,*+0Az09QOp)‚
o D9Gs+<ˆOp"9Qr‚x/BO0)‚i)Vvq
G+,-IIO_Akq7‚iG+,-1O_Aq'O_Aq1YO_AkˆL
9QZ…9‹•0Gx)‚q9Q;Gx7‚
• D9GsNˆr$P22œ9QD9GsNˆA`G#/
BO0VD$,*+0;nPuo9Qc9Az%,-09Q
O‡/BD9Gs0
*0
/09D< !"./0A`G#P0+$ O$/Šc))R
O$/ABRi))Rk%,-%,0c$;0 ./0j$Q+,-D:;0
mD<~BG,Hj$<“F0Vi;0`/mu>>I .V
c.Vk$%Q09q O$/ABR%…ocHNC_)V7i:9:
I
O$/k (D8icNqc›ql\kF0(;=iZƒq
VDq0kc%…_##;/P
o1 O$/./0
Z$/$7)V0LŠc))Rq%BH D9AB+/07L((q
%BH)‚LO$/;<‚q”>(qw
!5"
%lONF0.7V%…=/~89G=0%$ c0%$ HO0
%llF7Š cNqc›qV7l\cNAB%llMC_
)) %lON./0$ %Nj$9<ƒFHLG=_•qO0$l1
C_q0+$ 0$G/9:0$\/%lONF9Q+cŸcO†A70(
F0Do_D: %lON%0%,-D:;0p80$*K0C
+,- cC+,-G&#
C_F0 %lON%,-_8c1C_,A0r
• C_YrC_%llF
• C_rC_EBQcEB0
• C_rC_EN
• C_(rC_EN
%,-_8c(x%N+@_qyxL%llsqN%ll
\ijAkcN%llG=_•i)7k%llc9%,-%€ D8
F0(xc%,-%ˆj$_,*Mn%lON
^%cBQcV$++D$x%,-%;:O‡%llFj$
_,*__FH
^%cV0Gjc$A ˆ$ %NOj$^%cV$++j$
_,*__FH^%c9/iŠ))k•$ %NOj$$Aj$
_,*__FH
'
6.7
‚=~89G=D8P+b !"B0%0D$Do
“O&%:QHD:;0
1*82-
V ,H0LG cC_G&#r%L+ccC_G&#D9
BiF9Q+c$ kccC_G&#HiG&#AB+/qjDjqwk
c;0G&#D9BO0$l^"9O,\!"
./0i.7Vkq"9!"8%Ni.jj+kq"9^_n!")c
•i)7Vkq"9!"%/+=i•Vk
c;0G&#HO0$l}7Vq)7Vqj0qw
R
CDEF
'G)@;*+HI
,0%…OQ"%,-D0$%^0 !"DC%0G y+$ L
9<nD<%BHQO&D9Gsc9: L+$ "DC 9P
HD!,"$ q"oPšo@9E9<nQO&Gx%:
D9Gsc9: E_P;"89D!$€LD!o_PDC–%:
,tGx;"P@%,-cD&D!%L_P+cpABD$ABt0
F0N+<+ %:;"89|$nAB\/BH+$ "c9v"
G&#t0=o<Gx9: ;<%:_##
V<]9: ;<:/‡9<+b$ %NF0 _##
NN+<+ K00QO&%nBc$%LoN;<"i%*"$€
A$"x9NoM+<+ k$€N9QB%,-Q+@_~9<0
m %/F0QO&%nBc9H %/F0QO&%nB;0<
"$€9QB%Ll GcD<$N+<+ %LABm;Oƒ%n$
H;;QEN]N]%,-QcN%lt0 o
_P%,-_##D<;<%N+@_0VD$+&A`_D:;?@9:
NAB_,*M9: ;<%…%,-_G#D$/B^
%cq%L+cr9: _8;<j$;"0Gx$\/+<#q9:
_8;<j$t0%BH\/DtD L0i\/%O<~7X
‹7+AjX_+Gj$G+0$kq9: AB7i7+Aj‹$Gj$G+0$k
,t0B;<+$ 9: ;<,oG,H%89
.H9: ;"0,*=L:_##N]A$"D<
G89cL:$0P\/00+$qG0+q@\P\/DtD 7X
9<+b9: 7XG=0D</_80;jt0y_n
`9: L:_##$N]%,-Qc%ltj$9<
ƒ$\/F0N];00LD$;jt0;0
j$m;’V\/0_n`9: +c\/%…%,-DtD L0L
;’+€_F0~%O<OpH;’+€_F0;jGc$m
$\/F0yN]%0V99: 7X;"%,-_G#
NDND…G$ QF0Eq,E+cP$"/
9: <Q*A0c9,+c9: AB7
2
''*+H80?J
''
9: ;"0,*= $D09QBD9"0,H0
_n`9: %:BK0 %/F0<O0$c9H %/F0<
O0$;%0+<+ HLK09QBc9;"L%$ %/Gx
VD,t9: ;"0,*=L:%,- $cmN$€
ON9: ;"0*OPj$CDE|_;0)B_n`9:
Gx%: $D0N9QB~9<0D,t9: F0^%c_#
Nc$ABC_]qAB;8D$yC_]c|_BON9:
yON9: ;"0*OP%,-;b/c%,-"PMu
,oG,H%89
o"oMu9: ;"0
9: ;<
9:
;"0,*=
9: AB9: 7X
8
"
Vm
/
V=
%N
P9
C
V]0
%N
0
D@
G89
1
G89
VA‰ )A‰ V^
-_
o78+$ 9: ;<
>
€%:F09: +$ c9+cr
v)B%nc$cAB%nD0L:B$€;0
vQLN]%0ON9: o_P%POP$N%nc$ˆ
BH;"N%nD0
'''K;L*I@M;$N78"N*+H8?"O
12
oON9: ;"0,*=l_nr_n0D@
9: c_n%;:7n0D@9: l%nc$c%n
D00$%:K0N%nD0cy%nc$+cN_n`9: _n`
9: L:+cD*+j%/mqD*+jB;\ij$kq+$ OGs,G$Gjq
D0Ÿ$D7n%;:9: ,t+cONHcP…AB+/%;:%:
%,0D0\/%;:m_n`F00D@9:
3<n%BH_n`9: F0ON9: ;"0
,*=+c;"+cA90$\/q;"89~9<8q;" $D0 _8
c9L::%*P+c;‡D ‡iB"koD‡;F0_n`
9: _P=–i+b,‡+c•Y k%:;"+c^0$\/D90
L•;‡D %Liƒ q‡ k_PLD‡;DC+Hi¡k%:\
/mN%nc$;"O&D9H%nD0;"$BqGxˆ+cDC–q
,Q\/‡;<"c9;"O&~9<A0NB;/AB9:
•D‡;‡ †D‡;;\ i¢Y
2
k$cD0q _8i _8
Nk $D0K!Dc$D$\/qPD‡/D9c\/K\
_8G$Q_~EF0Q_%:qC+,-+;/89D0
$/7!"
Vj$9<+b_8;<;"0q;9QB$NN]%,-Q
+@_%0NON9: *OPc$%Lo_n`9: %,-Gx%:
Q+@_9QB$N]%LAzO&QKm;Oƒ%nQ+@_9QB%:
%c$ $H;9QB%L%,-P_LcL%,-GcD<$N]
%LD$ABt0QcN]./D9\/n%,-QcD<
$€G89o@9_n9: ,tl$€+H_7n`9:
y0$%:_PL€_Q_%:qy€_Gx$N+H_cL
%;:$€y+H_L_n`9: y0$%:,
_n`F0m0$%:x<L%n%;:
NAB;b/c;/r
Y
b/;:0D@Q_%: b/;:0D80$%:
b/;:ON]
b/;:9,H
vZN9: $c"rcON9: cy%nc$%L;Pu
BH%nD0OC;’BH+$ ON9: c9_PL0/rK0%nc$v
_n`9: v%nD0q•0+cD<0$%:K0N%nc$OC;’HN
%nD0OC;’%_PL_n`9: ,*M
vZN9: ;"$c"r$ c9;+$ D<+c‡NAB0$%:F00
D@9:;"L_n`9: ,QNAB%nc$;":BH%nD0
c$%L
',PQ*+R&
',S9
9: AB+cDo+<;Q;jt0K0NAB+<;Q
D9Gs;?@ABV‚c9$_|_9QABO_A09qIO_Am
^%c;097XZa;?@AB%,-;QBND=Q_D<9:
ABq;"n9:%^A0;<$ c_n$9: B
,D$N^%c,*=)=O–OHQO&,QD<y;<+c$
9: AB%,-~j+cL,%:Pc;\,H‚•<qOCMN
,*=c$;QBD<^%c9: AB$€+c%,t<O0$
$€+c D;Q09-_Bq%_P%,-9:A0G 7D,H;
c$9: ABV,*= Dt;–^%cD<_,*/
D9Gs,*=•_P%,-9:mABA0,*=09 $ F0
;B9: 9:%^X†‚c‚†Xc9qxHOC;’A=9:%^O$
/nQc$%,-%PDO‡˜thiết bị liên mạng™
.0D•F0QO&+<;Q %,-"PD$N;QDE^‡hình
3.1oc9DoOc9+lAB7@_c$;B9: ND=Q_
09M|_;<qD$; ,*=;QB M D<D<Q
O&+<;Q ‚$%LqQO&+<;Q %c_P&A=C$,%:
Pc;\,HA$HN^%c9: ABBH^%cD$"
D,tD9Gs,*=Q,Qq%c9L:+cDC0D]P+<
;Q 0$G$ONX†‚c‚†X%ƒq;QMG#=!%n<F0
9: ABˆ_G#D$^%cD;Qc-_BABt0mB
@_<'Y%Q%n@_<RY^%c,@9$ %N,+c$Gj
9: D0K0/B%,tD97qA0%L_D:D$
D;Qc-_B)=_D:F0^%c#ON;?@ABP
_x-__P%-$%Q;/B…L0QLD„~C/c$B
@_<RYqtB:%,-P+< D<y%,tG89<O0$
,*c9@_DF9Qc$*CF09: ABcCDEF0
;B9: AB=QMu$ ;QB<O0$c%,t
D;QAz%,-~j~|QD$,*;QQ_
VD,H;~j~|9: ABqn8ƒ+ NAB@K/
B9: D$N^%cx9D,t-_%,-]H<;0
˜9: ™q˜ 9: ™q˜ 9: D8™09˜;B9:
™:Dn+sH@K%,-Gx%:"P %/$ q
D$c+/c9Gx£9: ¤%:"PN_n`9: qc£;B
9: ¤%:"PNL9: .\G#,£;B9: ¤@_
D<O0$
<,.0D•F0N;B9:
N;B9: ABC_;QBK0NAB/B7qy
/B<O0$l(Y091;<D$N;V‚/B7;Q
E ;B9: D<£OA¤B%N0$VD$"£?@D9Gs¤%…
"Psmy;<oc<m…72O,Qc$qm…
c9%,-D9D$;jt0D<NOA—@_c$N;jt0D<
NOA+BD0€Gx@K˜;<™c˜;jt0™+cD<O/q,E
%,-Gx%l•0H0D$c+/:$D—DcqA="Pc9~j9:
AB%*P,+c+<;Q;jt0q %:+ _\0A0"P
G ;i,GK+/qO$/q;:D0qPD&k%,-D90;jt0F0
;<
09+Ec9DCK\;~j~|N\G#%*P;QB~9<0N
;B9: V0;P$o(q~j~|NN]%,-0D$;jV)'
F0/B7XqL9<n;QB%Q^%c09QD;QF0/B
7}QV)'DPD</B7}qo;QBL:%,-Q+@_Op
+<;Q0/B7D$;$Pt0;V)'%QN%ltD<P
(
0/B”Doc9+cNNB;"0%*Pc%,-]+c˜9:
;"0AB™
V9<qˆG=0c$9: ;"0D$N;B9: ABAz
+c~C/C%ƒz<D]G$;Pu009N
]D0C_xN;jt0+BD0.\G#ƒzAz~P9D0QV)'F0/
B7}%0O@iPA`%0;QBHV)'F0/B7kcG$%L
;"A›Ac$;QBHV)'F0/B7X)=ƒzc9L:D
%,-Op]N;jt0;V)'D</B7}$N]m
/BXV",t%c9L:qO‡oOCM;jt0=G$c$D<N
9Q%QN^%c%\-_$/0"N]QBK0;j
t0V)'D</B7XHNc;jt0;D</B7}
+</;"ˆ9: ;"0ABK00/B7c•+</H
˜9: t0™K0;jt0;0‡—@_c—~C
;B9: =Q",tGxN^-_9: ;"0c
9: t0
VD$_nA0%89q9: ;"0c9: t0
%,-"PND<O/D,H;A=^-_Ec$;B9:
%,-~j~|"Pc9PA`DpCP/B7;QE;B9:
%,-%lON%:CP;jt0,*M%QN%lt~9<
09: ‚$%LqD<o(V)F0/B7X~P9D0%lt
HV)F0/BZqq‚q•q}qqcV)F0;B9: ƒ
ƒ*qPA`Dp;QB~9<09: %…%,-Q+@_
','*+H8HPQR&
Vn9: ;"0AB)i)_0j)‰)0jkC $mN0D@
9: ;\,H%nc$c%nD0@+b,bDp%89+c/BV‚
‹ABqG$%Ly%,t@+bM0;<t0cE0\/7
,@9%:;QBN;jt0OC;’c$D$N%,t7OC;’_\0%n
c$F00D@9: H;jt0,*Mi•0+cLx…ABV)k
F0N%,t7OC;’_\0%nD0F00D@oN%:9: \-_
F00D@9: n_P$ %ND$ABt0F0V)%Lc+€_+ H
;’V•IµAjD$ABDo $;<VD$t0;qs%:
9: %LL:A`G#$DoB;V,*=,@9%BHC
P%:9: ;F00D@L:%,-A`G#%:Q+@_;<B$
N];0
9: ;"0\/V‚vAB,tQ+@_%ltNAB+,-
+HNB00D@HB%NMoD$N;\/IµAjqD$
%LyNB00D@l D$t0F0N;jt0V)NN
1
]%/$ L:;|$GcD$;$Pt0;\/7i"
,t;$Pq‹D/;c,*MH;$Pm(vI_Ek‚$@9N
;:%;:j$;’%*P$NsB+cnQc9G!Gc%
%,-tNONHŠX%;:#ON+<0H0D@9: ;"
0
o(]09<ƒC $c$ %NF0Nn9:
;"0)9: n)C $mc_n*OP‹0D@9:
c;B%;:9: #ON
0D@9: ";\,H~qD$%LcGx$%,t
7_\0%nc$cNGx$%,t7_\0%nD0V 0$%:F0c
cN%CB%:9: c",t%L+c^+$X‚09^+$
(D EbDpX‚09^+$O0D +c +$;"HqG$
@99: $xN;jt0K0%nc$c%nD0F0_nF9:
%:9: D$yN%,-%;:O‡NONH%;:
vji$D$+j$D9k
o
(9<+b9: n)
I
