professional java jdk 6 edition

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Professional
Java
®
JDK
®
6 Edition
W. Clay Richardson, Donald Avondolio, Scot Schrager,
Mark W. Mitchell, and Jeff Scanlon
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Professional Java,
®
JDK
®
6 Edition
Published by
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
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Indianapolis, IN 46256
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Copyright © 2007 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
ISBN-13: 978-0-471-77710-6
ISBN-10: 0-471-77710-2
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Professional Java JDK, 6 Edition / W. Clay Richardson [et al.].
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-471-77710-6 (paper/website)
ISBN-10: 0-471-77710-2 (paper/website)
1. Java (Computer program language) I. Richardson, W. Clay, 1976-
QA76.73.J38P7623 2007
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2006032740
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This book is dedicated to all those who make the daily sacrifices,
especially those who have made the ultimate sacrifice, to ensure our
freedom and security.
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About the Authors
W. Clay Richardson is a software consultant concentrating on agile Java solutions for highly specialized
business processes. He has fielded many Java solutions, serving in roles including senior architect,
development lead, and program manager. He is a co-author of More Java Pitfalls and Professional Portal
Development with Open Source Tools (Wiley), and Professional Java, JDK 5 Edition. As an adjunct professor
of computer science for Virginia Tech, Richardson teaches graduate-level coursework in object-oriented
development with Java. He holds degrees from Virginia Tech and the Virginia Military Institute.
Donald Avondolio currently serves in a lead position as an architect/developer on an enterprise devel-
opment project. In his spare time, Donald loves fly-fishing, watching baseball and lacrosse, running
triathlons (not very well), and sitting around his house complaining about things.
Scot Schrager has consulted extensively in the domains of pharmaceuticals, supply chain management,
and the national security market. He has led and participated in various project teams using Java and
Object Oriented Analysis & Design techniques. Most recently, Schrager has been focused on distributed
application architecture using J2EE technology.
Mark W. Mitchell has extensive experience in enterprise application integration, particularly Web
Services integration between Java and the Microsoft platform. He has developed and deployed several
mission-critical web applications. Mitchell holds a degree in computer science from the University of

Virginia.
Jeff Scanlon is a software development consultant from Virginia. He holds both the Sun Certified Java
Developer and Microsoft Certified Solutions Developer certifications, and has been published in Software
Development magazine.
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Credits
Acquisitions Editor
Robert Elliott
Development Editor
Brian Herrmann
Technical Editor
David Parks
Production Editor
Kathryn Duggan
Copy Editor
Kim Cofer
Editorial Manager
Mary Beth Wakefield
Production Manager
Tim Tate
Vice President and Executive Group Publisher
Richard Swadley
Vice President and Executive Publisher
Joseph B. Wikert
Project Coordinator
Kristie Rees
Graphics and Production Specialists
Carrie A. Foster
Brooke Gracyzk

Denny Hager
Joyce Haughey
Barbara Moore
Barry Offringa
Alicia B. South
Ronald Terry
Quality Control Technicians
John Greenough
Charles Spencer
Brian H. Walls
Proofreading and Indexing
Techbooks and Stephen Ingle
Anniversary Logo Design
Richard Pacifico
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Contents
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction xvii
Part I: Thinking Like a Java Developer 1
Chapter 1: Key Java Language Features and Libraries 3
Introducing Derby 3
Using Derby 4
Language Features Added in Java 5 7
Generics 7
Enhanced for Loop 16
Additions to the Java Class Library 17
Variable Arguments 18

Boxing and Unboxing Conversions 19
Static Imports 21
Enumerations 24
Metadata 26
Important Java Utility Libraries 34
Java Logging 35
Java Preferences 70
Summary 77
Chapter 2: Tools and Techniques for Developing Java Solutions 79
Principles of Quality Software Development 80
Habits of Effective Software Development 81
Communicate 81
Model 81
Be Agile 81
Be Disciplined 82
Trace Your Actions to Need 82
Don’t Be Afraid to Write Code 83
Think of Code as a Design, not a Product 83
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Contents
Read a Lot 84
Build Your Process from the Ground Up 84
Manage Your Configuration 84
Unit Test Your Code 85
Continuously Integrate 85
Maintaining Short Iterations 86
Measure What You Accomplished — Indirectly 87
Track Your Issues 87

Development Methodology 88
Waterfall Methodology 88
Unified Process 90
Extreme Programming 91
Observations on Methodology 92
Practical Development Scenarios 93
Ant 93
Maven 2 101
TestNG 106
XDoclet 110
JMeter 117
Summary 120
Chapter 3: Exploiting Patterns in Java 123
Why Patterns Are Important 124
Keys to Understanding the Java Programming Language 124
Keys to Understanding Tools Used in Java Development 125
Keys to Developing Effective Java Solutions 126
Building Patterns with Design Principles 127
Designing a Single Class 127
Creating an Association between Classes 128
Creating an Interface 129
Creating an Inheritance Loop 129
Important Java Patterns 131
Adapter 131
Model-View-Controller 134
Command 142
Strategy 146
Composite 150
Summary 154
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Contents
Part II: A Broad Understanding of Java APIs,
Tools, and Techniques 155
Chapter 4: Developing Effective User Interfaces with JFC 157
Layout Managers 158
BorderLayout 158
BoxLayout 164
FlowLayout 173
GridLayout 177
GridBagLayout 189
SpringLayout 194
CardLayout 202
GroupLayout 208
Mustang Release Desktop Enhancements 214
Managing Navigation Flows in Swing Applications 225
Summary 235
Chapter 5: Persisting Your Application Using Files 237
Application Data 237
Saving Application Data 239
Sample Configuration Data Model for an Application 239
Java Serialization: Persisting Object Graphs 241
Key Classes 242
Serializing Your Objects 243
Extending and Customizing Serialization 257
When to Use Java Serialization 261
JavaBeans Long-Term Serialization: XMLEncoder/Decoder 262
Design Differences 262
Serializing Your JavaBeans 265

When to Use XMLEncoder/Decoder 269
Flexible XML Serialization: Java API for XML Binding (JAXB) 270
Sample XML Document for the Configuration Object 271
Defining Your XML Format with an XML Schema 273
JAXB API Key Classes 280
Marshalling and Unmarshalling XML Data 281
Creating New XML Content with JAXB-Generated Classes 283
Using JAXB-Generated Classes in Your Application 283
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Contents
Annotating Existing Java Classes for Use with JAXB 290
When to Use JAXB 307
Where JAXB Fits in the JDK 308
Summary 308
Chapter 6: Persisting Your Application Using Databases 311
JDBC API Overview 312
Setting Up Your Environment 313
JDBC API Usage in the Real World 313
Understanding the Two-Tier Model 313
Understanding the Three-Tier Model 314
Effectively Using JDBC 4.0 315
Overview 315
Managing Connections 316
Understanding Statements 318
Utilizing Result Sets 328
Advanced Concepts 333
Hibernate 335
Hibernate Components 336

Hibernate Example 341
Summary 354
Chapter 7: Developing Web Applications Using the Model 1 Architecture 355
What Is Model 1? Why Use It? 356
JSP 2.0 Overview 357
Integrated Expression Language (EL) 365
JSTL 1.1 Overview 366
Developing Your Web Application Visualizations with JSTL 1.1 370
Developing Your Web Application Visualizations with JSP 2.0 376
AJAX 381
Summary 391
Chapter 8: Developing Web Applications Using the Model 2 Architecture 393
The Problem 393
What Is Model 2? 393
Why Use Model 2? 395
Developing an Application with WebWork 396
What Is Inversion of Control and Why Is it Useful? 397
Architecture 399
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Extending the Framework to Support Hibernate 402
Preventing the Hanging Session 403
Defining Your Domain Model 405
Implementing Your Use Cases with Actions 412
Developing Your Views 415
Configuring Your Application 422
Adapting to Changes 424
Summary 426

Chapter 9: Interacting with C/C++ Using Java Native Interface 427
A First Look at Java Native Interface 427
Creating the Java Code 428
Creating the Native Code and Library 429
Executing the Code 431
Java Native Interface 432
Data Types 432
Strings in JNI 432
Arrays in JNI 436
Working with Java Objects in C/C++ 442
Handling Java Exceptions in Native Code 449
Working with Object References in Native Code 451
Advanced Programming Using JNI 455
Developing an Email Client 460
System Design 460
User Interface 461
Summary 471
Chapter 10: EJB 3 and the Java Persistence API 473
New Features 474
Java Persistence API (JPA) 475
Entities 475
Query Language 475
EntityManager 476
What Are Session Beans? The Demise of Entity Beans? 480
Interceptors 481
EJB 3 and Java Persistence API Web Component Examples 485
Summary 517
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Contents
Chapter 11: Communicating between Java Components and
Components of Other Platforms 519
Component Communication Scenarios 520
News Reader: Automated Web Browsing 520
A Bank Application: An EJB/Java EE Client 520
A Portal: Integrating Heterogeneous Data Sources and Services 521
Overview of Interprocess Communication and Basic Network Architecture 521
Sockets 522
The Java Socket API 523
Implementing a Protocol 530
Remote Method Invocation 542
Core RPC/RMI Principles 542
Common Object Request Broker Architecture 547
CORBA Basics 547
RMI-IIOP: Making RMI Compatible with CORBA 551
How to Turn an RMI Object into an RMI-IIOP Object 551
When to Use CORBA 553
Distributed File System Notifications: An Example CORBA System 554
Web Services 563
Random-Weather.org 564
Platform-Independent RPC 566
Summary 597
Chapter 12: Service Oriented Integration 599
Service Oriented Architecture 599
Enabling Technology 600
Java Management Extensions 600
Why Is JMX Important? 601
The JMX Architecture 601
Creating and Managing a Standard MBean 602

JMX Management 606
Java Messaging Service 610
Why Is JMS Important? 610
Endpoints: Queues and Topics 610
Sending and Receiving Messages 611
System Integration Patterns 619
Processing Chain 619
Request-Reply 619
Split-Aggregate 621
Summary 623
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Contents
Chapter 13: Java Security 625
Java Cryptography Architecture and Java Cryptography Extension (JCA/JCE) 625
JCA Design and Architecture 626
Java Cryptography Extension 656
Program Security Using JAAS 666
User Identification 667
Executing Code with Security Checks 668
Authorization 672
Summary 673
Chapter 14: Packaging and Deploying Your Java Applications 675
Examining Java Classpaths 675
Investigating the Endorsed Directory 680
Exploring Java Archives 681
Manipulating JAR Files 681
Examining the Basic Manifest File 684
Examining Applets and JARs 685

Signing JAR Files 686
Examining the JAR Index Option 690
Creating an Executable JAR 691
Analyzing Applets 691
Basic Anatomy of an Applet 692
Packaging an Applet for Execution 693
Examining Applet Security 694
Exploring Web Applications 694
Examining the WAR Directory Structure 695
Understanding the WAR Deployment Descriptor 696
Packaging Enterprise JavaBeans 698
Inspecting Enterprise Archives 699
The EAR Descriptor File 700
Deployment Scenario 700
Jumping into Java Web Start 702
Examining the TicTacToe Example 702
Summarizing Java Web Start 709
Using Ant with Web Archives 709
Installing Ant 709
Building Projects with Ant 710
Summary 713
Index 715
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Acknowledgments
First, I could not have had any chance of actually getting this book done without the support of my
wonderful wife, Alicia. She and my daughter Jennifer, who has far less sophisticated expectations of my
literary skills, are the joy in my life and I look forward to spending more time with them. I love both of

you more than words can describe. Stephanie, we love you and will never forget you. I would like to
thank our technical editor, David Parks for the outstanding job he did on this project—you had NO
IDEA what you were agreeing to do when I recruited you into this job! My fellow authors—Donnie,
Mark, Scot, and Jeff—have been terrific with their hard work on a demanding project. I appreciate each
of your contributions to this book. I would like to thank Bob Elliott and Brian Herrmann for all of their
hard work and perseverance while working with us on this project. I would like to acknowledge my
leadership, Joe Duffy, Bruce Feldman, Jim Moorhead, Don Heginbotham, Jon Grasmeder, and Augie
Dunheimer, for their dedication to the simple concept of doing the right thing for the right people. It is
very refreshing to work at a company that exercises the inverse of the cynical “zero sum game.” I would
like to thank my parents, Bill and Kay, my in-laws, Stephen and Elaine Mellman, my sister Kari, my
brother-in-law Grayson, my brother Morgan, and my stepfather Dave for always being there. I would
like to acknowledge my grandmothers, Vivian and Sophie, for being what grandmothers should be.
I would also like to acknowledge my team members for the great things they do every day to make the
world a better place: Jon Simasek, Rob Brown, Keith Berman, Mauro Marcellino, Terry Trepel (welcome
back from Iraq!), Marshall Sayen, Joe Sayen, Hanchol Do, Scot Schrager, Don Avondolio, Brian Stearns,
Cliff Toma, Mike Clarke, Brad Phillips, Jeff Lane, Nhon Pham, Julia Lee, Vic Fraenckel (welcome back
from the dead!), Morgan Ruther, Lonnie Haaland, George Burgin, and Mark (Mojo) Mitchell. Matt Tyrrell,
I was going to write something witty or amusing, but I think Jennifer put it best, “What time is Uncle
Matt coming over?”—WCR
First, I’d like to thank these people for inspiring me in the workplace: Swati Gupta, Chi Louong,
Bill Hickey, and Chiming Huang. Thanks to all of the great professors at the Virginia Tech Computer
Science/Information Technology Departments: Shawn Bohner, Tarun Sen, Stephen Edwards, and John
Viega. I am indebted to all of my students who taught me so much through their dedication, hard work,
and insight, which has allowed me to incorporate their development wisdom for instruction in this
book. Appreciation goes out to the sponsors, volunteers, and organizers of The Great Cow Harbor Run
(Northport, NY) and The Columbia Triathlon (Columbia, MD) for organizing world-class events I like
to participate in, but more importantly for inspiring me to be a more disciplined and focused person.
Special thanks to my friends, the Wieczoreks, Devaneys, Keanes, O’Donohoes, Howards, and Pujols.
Lastly, I wish to thank all of the co-authors, who are fun guys to work with and be around: Jeff, Mark,
Scot, and Clay and my co-workers: Mauro Marcellino, Joe and Marshall Sayen, Jon Simasek, Terry Trepel

and his wonder-dog Ontio, Hanchol Do, Keith Berman, Rob Brown, Dave Parks, Brian Stearns, Mike
Clarke, Morgan Ruther, Cliff Toma, Matt Tyrrell, the Thoman family (Brettie-boy, Cindy, and baby
Zoe),Vic Fraenckel, Nhon Pham, Julia Lee, and to my fishing buddy George Burgin. To all of my family:
Mom, Dad, Michael, John, Patricia, Keil, Jim, Sue, Reenie, Donna, Kelly, Stephen, Emily, Jack, and Gillian,
Matt and Danielle, you guys are great. To my wife Van, whom I love more than anything for her continual
support during the writing of this book.—DJA
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Acknowledgments
The first person I would like to thank is Heather. Seven years together and a wonderful eleven-month-
old son, you have made me the luckiest guy on earth. Thanks for saying, “I do.” I also need to thank my
parents. First I’d like to thank my mom, because she has always been on my side, in support of me and
my decisions. And my dad, because he’s the kind of dad I’d like to one day become. I would also like
to thank my family who supported me; my sister and her family; Fern, Gary, and Isabel. In addition,
I would thank my extended family, Joe, Sabina, Robin, Peter, Brandon, Abby, Christiana, Joe Jr., Chris,
Ann, Paige, and Liam. I also need to thank my co-workers who make every day an experience. Clay,
thanks for providing the vision and drive to keep this work interesting. We are not in the one’s and
zero’s business, we solve problems. Don, thanks for putting up with me. Dave, thanks for putting up
with Don and me. Cliff, thanks for doing all the hard work, and please tell Gerry thanks too. I’d also like
to thank Marty, Melinda, Brett, Mike, Mark, Terry, Mauro, Marshall, and Keith.—SRS
I would like to first thank my wife, Elisa, for supporting me through this book. Projects like this always
seem like they will take less time than they actually do, and I thank her for supporting me through my
optimistic time estimates. I’d like to thank Clay for giving me the opportunity to write with him, and
Don for guiding me through it. I’d also like to thank our technical and development editors, Dave and
Brian, for helping me with my chapters. I would like to thank the people I have worked closely with
recently: Keith, Jeff, Jon, Terry, Nhon, Matt, Marshall, Joe, Brad, Carlton, Todd, Bryan, Hanchol, Vic, and
everyone I have worked with in the past. I have learned a lot simply through watching and listening.
There is no greater work atmosphere than the one where you are the least experienced—there is some-
thing to be learned from everyone every day. I’d like to thank my parents; my dad for sparking my inter-

est in computer science, and my mom for helping me learn to write. Most of all I would like to thank
God, as writing this book has been an exercise in faith and trust. Last but not least I would like to thank
all of my family and friends for supporting me around book deadlines and understanding where all my
time was going.—MWM
The following deserve acknowledgment: Dave Nelson for introducing me to programming and for
being the main reason I am where I am; my parents and family; our editors at Wiley, Brian Herrmann
and Robert Elliott; and Dave Parks, our technical reviewer. To my most important teachers: Alfred
Martin and Paul D’Andrea. And finally, to Phil Bickel, Eric Anderton, John Tarcza, Keith Obenschain,
Robert Burtt, Joseph Kapp, Randy Nguyen, Leo Pak, Mark Orletsky, Randy Shine, David Hu, Min Soo Yi,
and Corey Chang for their support.—JS
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Introduction
Professional Java Programming provides a bridge from the “how to” language books that dominate the Java
space (Teach Yourself Hello World in Java in 24 Hours) and the more detailed, but technologically stove-piped
books on topics such as EJB, J2EE, JMX, JMS, and so on. Most development solutions involve using a mix
of technologies, and the books for all of these technologies would stand several feet tall. Furthermore, the
reader needs but a fraction of the overall content in these books to solve their specific problems. Professional
Java Programming provides background information on the technology, practical examples of using the
technology, and an explanation of where the reader could find more detailed information. It strives to be a
professional reference for the Java developer.
Who This Book Is For
This book serves three types of readers:
❑ The newly introduced reader who has graduated from Beginning Java, by covering more
advanced Java solutions and language features.
❑ The Java developer who needs a good all-purpose reference and a first source when tackling
new Java problems that may be outside their technological experience.
❑ The developer who has already had experience with certain solutions, but may not, for example,
think it worthwhile to read 500 pages on JMS alone to see if JMS could fit into their solution
space. This book can provide reduced barriers to technological entry for these developers.

What This Book Covers
Professional Java JDK 6 Edition builds upon Ivor Horton’s Beginning Java 2, to provide the reader with an
understanding of how professionals use Java to develop software solutions. It starts with a discussion of
the tools and techniques of the Java developer, continues with a discussion of the more sophisticated and
nuanced parts of the Java SDK, and concludes with several examples of building real Java solutions using
Java APIs and open source tools. Professional Java JDK 6 Edition leaves the reader with a well-rounded sur-
vey of the professional Java development landscape, without losing focus in exhaustive coverage of indi-
vidual APIs. This book is the bridge between Java language texts, methodology books, and specialized
Java API books. For example, once you have mastered the basics of the Java language, you will invariably
encounter a problem, like building a database-driven web site, which requires you to use a collection of
technologies like JSP, and tools like Hibernate; this book provides a concrete solution that integrates both
of them. The following figure provides a context to this book’s coverage in relation to other Java books. As
you start with the beginning Java books, you would use this book as a solution primer to introduce you to
more in-depth books on a particular subject, such as patterns, Web Services, or JDBC.
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Introduction
Figure Intro-1
How This Book Is Structured
Working as an effective professional Java developer requires two major skills: thinking like a Java devel-
oper and having a broad understanding of Java APIs, tools, and techniques to solve a wide variety of
Java problems. Reviewing the structure of the book, you can see how the chapters help you realize the
goal of improving these skills.
Part I: Thinking Like a Java Developer
Experienced Java developers recognize that there is a particular mindset among effective Java developers.
The first three chapters provide you with strong coverage of topics that will help you achieve that mindset.
Chapter 1: Key Java Language Features and Libraries
Any introductory Java book will cover the features of the Java programming language. This chapter
picks up where those books leave off by focusing on a number of the key sophisticated Java language

features such as regular expressions, preferences, and Java logging. Most importantly, this chapter intro-
duces Derby, a lightweight database new to Java 6, and reviews language features that were introduced
in Java 2 Standard Edition 5.0. These features include generics, metadata, autoboxing, and more.
Chapter 2: Tools and Techniques for Developing Java Solutions
Making the jump from someone who knows the Java language to a Java developer is an interesting tran-
sition. Typically, developers find books that teach the language and books that teach the methodologies.
Methodology, Patterns, and API Books
Beginning Java Books
Professional
Java
Development
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Introduction
Furthermore, methodology books are often written defensively, as if they are defending a dissertation or
prescribing a diet. These books often prescribe ritualistic adherence to their methodology, lest you risk
failure. New developers can find this approach quite exhausting, because rarely do you start in a posi-
tion where you can dictate a team’s process. In this book, you will find a developer’s focused view on
methodology and tools with practical insights into how to allow tools to make your work easier and
more productive.
Chapter 3: Exploiting Patterns in Java
Patterns provide an invaluable resource to developers in trying to communicate solutions to common
problems. However, as software problems are generally very abstract, understanding common solutions
to them—or even the value of the approach—can be a very overwhelming experience.
However, as you might imagine, there are some key problems that recur throughout the Java solution
space, and therefore, frameworks and APIs are built upon patterns. As such, having a utilitarian under-
standing of patterns is invaluable, and arguably unavoidable in becoming an effective Java developer.
This chapter explains the critical importance of patterns, provides a practical understanding of patterns,
and demonstrates examples of common patterns found in the Java world.

Part II: A Broad Understanding of Java APIs, Tools, and
Techniques
The Java platform has extended beyond being a simple applet development language at its inception to
three distinct editions targeted at three different platforms. Not only has the platform evolved into a
huge undertaking, but the open source movement and the Java community have also added features
and tools that provide even more options to the Java developer.
Therefore, you can find yourself easily overwhelmed. This part of the book provides a series of common
problems across the Java development space. In each area, you will be introduced to a problem, and a
focused solution to that problem. These solutions do not attempt to provide comprehensive coverage of
all of the involved APIs, but rather a primer needed to solve that problem. From there, you could bridge
into a book with more specialized coverage. The primary intent is to not require a three-foot tall stack of
books to address a simple end-to-end solution to a common development problem.
Chapter 4: Developing Effective User Interfaces with JFC
Commonly referred to simply as Swing, the Java Foundation Classes provide the functionality to build
user interfaces and desktop applications. As these classes frequently make up most of the logical exam-
ples within introductory Java books, it makes logical sense to start with a Swing example. However, this
chapter covers the intricacies of Swing in more detail, including some advanced topics like Layout
Managers and Java 2D.
Chapter 5: Persisting Your Application Using Files
One of the more important things for any application to be able to do is persist (that is, save) its state. In
this chapter, you will discover techniques to implement save and restore functionality, using two differ-
ent methods, Java object serialization and the Java API for XML Binding (JAXB).
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Introduction
Chapter 6: Persisting Your Application Using Databases
Files are traditionally used to share data in a single-threaded mode—one user at a time. When data must
be shared throughout the enterprise, you use a database. In this chapter, you learn the more advanced
features of the Java Database Connectivity API (JDBC) 4.0. Furthermore, this chapter addresses one of

the more popular object persistence frameworks (and the foundation for the development of the new
EJB 3.0 specification)—Hibernate.
Chapter 7: Developing Web Applications Using the Model 1
Architecture
Those who have been developing web applications for a long time recognize that the page-centric paradigm,
also known as the Model 1 Architecture, has been used across many technology platforms (ASP, Cold
Fusion, Perl, and so on) to develop web applications. Java supports this paradigm through its Java Server
Pages and Java Standard Tag Library specifications. In this chapter, you learn about these frameworks as
well as other best practices in developing web applications within the Model 1 Architecture.
Chapter 8: Developing Web Applications Using the Model 2 Architecture
As web applications have evolved, there has been recognition of some weaknesses in the page-centric
approach of the Model 1 Architecture. In this chapter, you learn about these weaknesses and how they
gave rise to the Model 2 Architecture, which is component-centric. You will see how using a component
framework like WebWork allows for easy integration of other components like Hibernate.
Chapter 9: Interacting with C/C++ Using Java Native Interface
Frequently, you have application components that are regrettably not written in the Java programming
language, often not alleviating the need for those components to be accessible by your application. The
solution to this problem is the Java Native Interface. This chapter explains the intricacies of JNI, as well
as a number of the potential pitfalls.
Chapter 10: EJB 3 and the Java Persistence API
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) is Java’s distributed component technology and the cornerstone of the Java 2
Enterprise Edition platform. EJB 3.0 represents a significant improvement in the Java language by lever-
aging the Plain Old Java Object (POJO) paradigm with the Java Persistence API to provide reliable,
robust, and transparent object persistence. This chapter explains the EJB 3 specification and the Java
Persistence API and demonstrates their utility to developing enterprise Java solutions.
Chapter 11: Communicating between Java Components and
Components of Other Platforms
While RMI has proven to be a good solution for Java-to-Java communication, there are still a tremen-
dous number of needs to access (or provide access to) components of other platforms. This is particu-
larly true of the Microsoft .NET platform. This chapter explains the basics of interprocess

communication, discusses several techniques for interprocess communication, and culminates in an
example using Web Services.
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Chapter 12: Service Oriented Integration
When performing enterprise application integration of components distributed across many machines
and platforms, it is often necessary for you to be able to spread the workload across many different
steps. There are two APIs that are particularly useful in this regard, the Java Message Service (JMS) and
the Java Management Extensions (JMX). In this chapter, you see the core of these two APIs tied together
to provide a highly useful architecture.
Chapter 13: Java Security
Information security is tremendously important to Java development. In this chapter, you see how your
application can be secured using the Java Authorization and Authentication Service (JAAS) and your
data can be secured using the Java Cryptography Extensions (JCE). Also detailed in this chapter is the
new XML digital signature support introduced in Java 6, useful in building security for Web Services.
Chapter 14: Packaging and Deploying Your Java Applications
One of the trickiest and most painful things about developing Java applications, whether they are enterprise
or desktop applications, is packaging and deploying your application. There are a multitude of deployment
descriptors and packaging rules that exist in many of the Java APIs. There are JARs, WARs, EARs, and
more on the way. Often you get cursory understanding of these formats and specifications within each of
the stovepipe books. In this chapter, you learn about a number of the packaging mechanisms that exist in
Java, as well as descriptions of the deployment descriptors for each of those mechanisms.
What You Need to Use This Book
This book is based upon Java 2 Standard Edition version 6.0. You might find it helpful to have an
Integrated Development Environment (IDE) of your choice—Eclipse is a very good and popular one
(
www.eclipse.org). Furthermore, depending on the chapter, you may need to use an application server
like JBoss (

www.jboss.org) or Tomcat ( The need to download
an application server, as well as any other downloads (of APIs and so on), is addressed in each chapter.
Conventions
To help you get the most from the text and keep track of what’s happening, a number of conventions are
used throughout the book.
Tips, hints, tricks, and asides to the current discussion are offset and placed in italics like this.
Boxes like this one hold important, not-to-be forgotten information that is directly
relevant to the surrounding text.
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As for styles in the text, the following are standard for the book:
❑ Important words are highlighted when they are introduced.
❑ Keyboard strokes are shown like this: Ctrl+A.
❑ File names, URLs, and code within the text are like so:
persistence.properties.
❑ Code is presented in two different ways:
In code examples, new and important code is highlighted with a gray background.
The gray highlighting is not used for code that’s less important in the present
context, or has been shown before.
Source Code
As you work through the examples in this book, you may choose either to type in all the code manually
or to use the source code files that accompany the book. All of the source code used in this book is avail-
able for download at
www.wrox.com. Once at the site, simply locate the book’s title (either by using the
Search box or by using one of the title lists) and click the Download Code link on the book’s detail page
to obtain all the source code for the book.
Because many books have similar titles, you may find it easiest to search by ISBN; for this book the
ISBN is 978-0-471-77710-6.

Once you download the code, just decompress it with your favorite compression tool. Alternatively, you
can go to the main Wrox code download page at
www.wrox.com/dynamic/books/download.aspx to
see the code available for this book and all other Wrox books.
Errata
We make every effort to ensure that there are no errors in the text or in the code. However, no one is per-
fect, and mistakes do occur. If you find an error in one of our books, like a spelling mistake or faulty
piece of code, we would be very grateful for your feedback. By sending in errata you may save another
reader hours of frustration and at the same time you will be helping us provide even higher quality
information.
To find the errata page for this book, go to
www.wrox.com and locate the title using the Search box or
one of the title lists. Then, on the book details page, click the Book Errata link. On this page you can view
all errata that has been submitted for this book and posted by Wrox editors. A complete book list includ-
ing links to each book’s errata is also available at
www.wrox.com/misc-pages/booklist.shtml.
If you don’t spot the error you are experiencing on the Book Errata page, go to
www.wrox.com/contact/
techsupport.shtml
and complete the form there to send us the error you have found. We’ll check the
information and, if appropriate, post a message to the book’s errata page and fix the problem in subse-
quent editions of the book.
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Introduction
p2p.wrox.com
For author and peer discussion, join the P2P forums at . The forums are a web-
based system for you to post messages relating to Wrox books and related technologies and interact with
other readers and technology users. The forums offer a subscription feature to e-mail you topics of inter-

est of your choosing when new posts are made to the forums. Wrox authors, editors, other industry
experts, and your fellow readers are present on these forums.
At
you will find a number of different forums that will help you not only as you
read this book, but also as you develop your own applications. To join the forums, just follow these steps:
1. Go to p2p.wrox.com and click the Register link.
2. Read the terms of use and click Agree.
3. Complete the required information to join as well as any optional information you wish to pro-
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4. You will receive an e-mail with information describing how to verify your account and com-
plete the registration process.
You can read messages in the forums without joining P2P, but to post your own messages, you must join.
Once you join, you can post new messages and respond to messages other users post. You can read mes-
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For more information about how to use the Wrox P2P, be sure to read the P2P FAQs for answers to ques-
tions about how the forum software works as well as many common questions specific to P2P and Wrox
books. To read the FAQs, click the FAQ link on any P2P page.
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