Điều khiển nghịch lưu nguồn z ứng dụng cho hệ phát điện phân tán

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 
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!"#$%""&'(
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+,-./0+1023+4256789:;
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%"EFGH!"#IJ
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KL.
DM GMNONP<2
AM GMQRS+;T
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92UACDV
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LỜI CAM ĐOAN
W2X2Y;R8;NZY[Y4\0]+^4;PY8_Y0N`a,0Nb+1[
, b 0 ]+^ 2- Yc+ Yd; a^ 0e 0W2 0N >+?0 0f2 2; bR
2-Yc+>26Y;0gX+h02i0NYWa?Yd;Y[Y0[Y2^4[YM
[Y4\0]+^8Q08_YbYjX[Y60N+07YM
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[Y2^b+1[
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 
 A
LỜI CẢM ƠN
NkY\0l0W2X2a,0m0hRbnY^R >e+>oY8?26k2>7Ypqr01
0`lY  Y2; >s 89 62- Ye0 Yd; 01t05 0O, 2[ k
qr.GMNONP<2lGMQRS+;T0N>+?0]+[0N`l0g
buY`0v0w8\Y[YakY07Y2iYx05Yd;83022-Yc+
,M
S+;8e,l0W2X2Y^R 2i/0+1023+4256789:;y0NkY
8e,bN+0eR2-Yc+6N254;2WiY;Uz{l9
RW789:;|U2i2iU92l8=Y:}:tv63
92q+ 2- Yc+>e+>oY60Q RP2 823+ 42i Y 0W2 0N >+?0]+[
0N`07Y2ib+1[MW2X2~2bf2Y^R 8\Y[Y0O,YW2[0N
2i2iU92l6k2}kqr60N;8•2Nh02[0N€63
Y+,-RWMW2YX2Y^R a;Yd2iR6Y[Y062-07Y2i
8302YhtkYR=>?MC•MCD‚DDƒDBl0QRP2823+42i0+1b_2Y
0W20N]+[0N`07Y2ib+1[60~2iRY[Y4\0]+^2-Yc+M
G;+Y„l0W2q}bf2,-+0 h0~28\2;8`0W2.a?R…l
Y[Y;Y€†Rl8‡Ya2i0b6_6;2Y[2MG78962-lY2;>s62ut8ˆ
Yd;2;8`lb89b7YRQR‰2ut0W26_0]+;RP24:4T85
0b+1[,M
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MỤC LỤC
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%<MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMD

%Š<‹MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMA

<%MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM•

<Œ)"•FŽMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@

<ŠMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM•

<•‘MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMDC

<’“"MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMD•

D

”S"MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMD@

DMD

it[082ite0[0;R2;0NRQ82iMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMD@

DMA

;20Nn02\0a€a2\8•282i0~YW>+h0Yit[082ite
0[MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMD•

DM•

2k202i+€Yb++–'MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMD•

DM•MD

h+0NuYRQYb7YMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMD•

DM•MA

+,-bvbR62iY€Yb++–'MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMAD

DMV

[YYW0N`2-Yc+63€Yb++–'6k2-
Yc+b+1[MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMAB

DMVMD

 t[t823+Y\89N9X+MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMAB

DMVMA

h+0NuY823+425€Yb++–'MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMA@

DMVM•

(qx€Yb++–'MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMA•

DMB

\0b+1MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM•C

A

Š<—•$%"
"&'MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM•D

AMD

 t[t823+Y\6†Y0N4W2;Y€Yb++–'•D

AMDMD

2^2t[t07Y2i823+Y\6†Y0N4W2;MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM•D

AMDMA

e0jYRr+X+X+h02i0N823+Y\6†Y0N4W2;
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM•V

AMA

<W`0[PY€Yb++–'MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM••

AMAMD

<W`€Yb++–'tj;X;,Y23+MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM••

AMAMA

<W`€Yb++–'tj;R90Y23+6k28O+6+–
qnMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMVC

AMAM•

<W`€Yb++–'tj;R90Y23+6k28O+6+–
[tMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMV•

AMAMV

25RYeaZ0NRW`tj;R90Y23+€Yb++–
'MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMVB

AM•

‡Y825R89PY4WYd;RW`€Yb++–'tj;
R90Y23+6k28O+6+–[tMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMV@

 V
AM•MD

^>[06k28O+N;qn82i0N+a`Y^,]+;Y+9Y^R
y
%
D
˜%
A
{MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMV@

AM•MA

^>[06k28O+N;82i[t0N+a`0N-0xy

D

˜
A
{MMMMMMMMMMV•

AMV

\0b+1MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMV•

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•MD

2i0~YW>+h0cqxYit[082iR‡00Nf2MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMBC

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2\04\Yh+0NuY823+425€Yb++–'?2bk2Yt2
R‡00Nf2MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMB•

•M•MD

|[Y8€825RbR62iYY:YW>+e0bkh0Yd;t2R‡00Nf2
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMBV

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<QY 6n 823+ Yp qn 82i tj; X;, Y23+ €Y b+
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•M•M•

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'MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMB•

•M•M•MD2\0 4\ 0† t  t[t a;Y4>0†tt2
 MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMB•
•M•M•MA2\0 4\ 0† t  t[t a;Y4>0†tt2 0jY 2
 MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@A
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\0]+^RWtmYh+0NuY823+425€Yb++–'?2bk2
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•MVMD

;R>?RWtmMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@@

•MVMA

\0]+^RWtmMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@œ

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 MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM@•

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X[YMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMœD
•MB

\0b+1MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMœV

VFF™"š!"#$%""&')
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VMD

2i0~YW>+h0cqxYit[082i>cY2:MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMœB

VMA

W>+h00+Na2†2:MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMœœ

VM•

2\04\Yh+0NuY823+425€Yb++–'Yit[082i
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VM•MD

^2RQY82i0 8 X[Y8€MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM•D

VM•MA

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VMV

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VMVMD

;R>?RWtmMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM•@

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VMVMA

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VMVM•

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VMVMV

\0]+^RWtm0Nf_t89Yb1ty>0;q;b†{MMMMMMMMMMMMMM•D

VMB

\0b+1MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM•A

B

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BMD

h+0NuYi0?RWtm0f22;07YMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM••

BMA

+Ÿ:;0+100[0NYh+0NuY823+425€Yb++–
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BM•

\0]+^RWtm0f22;07Y€Yb++–'?2bk2Y
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BM•MD

 t[ta;Y4>0†tt2MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM••

BM•MA

 t[t0+,\0j:;YjX[YMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMDCD

BMV

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BMB

<W`07Y2iR€Yb++–'bR62iY89Yb1tMMMMMMMMDCB

BMBMD

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BMBMA

\0]+^07Y2iRMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMDC@

BM@

<W`07Y2iR€Yb++–'bR62iY?2bk2MMMMMMMDC•

BM@MD

|e,q7RW`MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMDC•

BM@MA

\0]+^07Y2iRMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMDC•

BMœ

\0b+1MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMDDD

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 25R ª†N ZR a- t^2 R‡0 t« tcY y20 ;b©
tb;†{
 2R‡00Nf2y06b0;2Y>{
¤ ¤2†bqƒtNN;RR;ab†;0†;NN;,

< <[,a2\[t
 +,58•20 07>;>?y;b0220;b6†N0†N{
 +,58•2>?>;0 07y220;b0;b6†N0†N{
 >+b;0†q;0†2tb;NN;>20N

[Y4v2i+
v2i+  6€ Œ£;
p
 [0~%;tb;Y†
1 2
&
L L

 2[0N€82iY^RYd;RQY0Nw4[+–'
 œ
1 2
&
C C

¤ 2[0N€0x82iYd;RQY0Nw4[+–'
u
dc
, U
dc

 2[0N€0N+a`lX[Yb1t82i[t> Yht8‡06%'
i
in

 n82i> Yht8‡06%'
u
inv
,
ˆ
inv
u

 2i[t0cY0f2l82i[t8p8‡0b-[6;RQY
€Yb+
i
dc

 n82i0N+a`Y^,]+;q2q†Yd;+–'
i
L
, I
L

 2[0N€0N+a`lX[Yb1tqn82iY^,]+;Y+9Y^R
(
)
1 2
&
L L
Yd;+–'
*
L
i


2[0N€8‡0qn82iY^,]+;Y+9Y^R
(
)
1 2
&
L L
Yd;
+–'
*
ˆ
L
i

 2[ 0N€ kY b_ qn 82i 8‡0 Y^, ]+; Y+9 Y^R
(
)
1 2
&

L L
Yd;+–'
u
C
, U
C


2[0N€0N+a`lX[Yb1t82i[t0N-0x
(
)
1 2
&
C C
Yd;
+–'
*
C
u


%_8‡082i[t0N-0x
(
)
1 2
&
C C
Yd;+–'
i
inv

, I
inv

 2[0N€ 0N+ a`l X[Y b1t qn 82i Y^, 6 [
6;RQY€Yb+
i
load

 +– qn 8Q2 q2i 0^2 RQY 82i 0  8  tj;
R90Y23+RQY€Yb+
L
f
, L
g

 2iY^Rtj;RQY€Yb+ltj;bk2a9bPY%%
R
f

¬ 920NwYd;Y+9Y^R
%
©

R
d

¬ 2i0Nw2^Rq;89yq;Rt2{a9bPY%%
C
f
¤ x82iRQYbPY%%

u
S,
i
S

l †Y0N82i[tlqn82i8O+N;RQY%'
i
g

 †Y0Nqn82itj;bk2
s
θ

s
ω

N;q
N;q‚>
:Yt;8–a982i[tbk2
O>?bk282i
e
n

 †Y0N82i[tbk2
i
sd
, i
sq

 tOqn82i8O+N;%'0†0NxYql]Yd;

i0P;8907;82i[tbk2
I
gd
, i
gq

 tOqn82itj;bk20†0NxYql]Yd;i
0P;8907;82i[tbk2
d
 i>?823+Y\-oRQY®Yd;%'yC¯
q
°ClB{
D
 2[0N€X[Yb1tYd;i>?823+Y\-oRQY®%'
d
a
, d
b
, d
c

 i>?823+Y\R±2t;Yd;€Yb++–[t
d
S1
÷d
S6

 i>?823+Y\YR±26;a[qr%'
d
1

,d
2

 i>?823+Y\;26†Y0NY+Ÿ0NR±2>†Y0N
M
a

 i>?823+Y\RQY€Yb+
B, G
a

 i>?0T[tl0N+,38Q082i[t%'
u
pv
, i
pv

l 2i[tlqn82i8O+N;t2R‡00Nf2
p
pv
§ W>+h0t2R‡00Nf2
 •
*
pv
u

 2i[t8_Y0j0[0g0+100[X[Y8€825RbR
62iYY:YW>+h0bkh0<
T
C

 2i089RW20NfbR62iYt2R‡00Nf2
V
mp
, I
mp

l 2i[tlqn82i0Q2825RbR62iYY:YW>+h0bk
h00N-8f8‡Y0j2ƒ6t2R‡00Nf2
G
§‚R
A
<1089[>[RW20NfbR62iYt2R‡00Nf2
N
s

 G?b_Y†bb0N-R±20hRt2R‡00Nf2
N
ss
, N
pp

 G?b_0hRt2R‡00Nf2RoY?202\tl>>
ph
i

 n82i]+;T
_
ph n
i

 n82i]+;TY+Ÿ:;0Q2yAB
C
6D4§‚R
A
{
0
i

 n82ia=n;0NRW`
0_
n
i

 n82ia=n;Y+Ÿ:;0NRW`
q

 2i0jY†b†Y0Ny²DM@MDC
ƒD•
{
k

 Z>?b0ªR;y²DM••MDC
ƒA•
³‚{
g
E

 Tb_ac0 †b†Y0N N; 4m2a3 R‡0 Yh0a[ qr
y²DMDA†{0NRW`
a

 Z>?tx0+9Y610b2i+Yd;y;²Dl•{
n
G

 <1089[>[0N823+42iY+ŸyD4§‚R
A
{
n
T

 2i089bR62iYw823+42i02-+Y+ŸyAB
C
{
p
R

¬ 2i 0Nw>>l0NRQY82i 0  8  RW
`
s
R

¬ 2i0Nw?202\tl0NRQY82i0 8 RW`

v

R‚> ?Y892:
t
ω

N;q‚> ?Y890+Na2†
DSP
x

 Q2b_
x

8_YY28‡00N-G
<G•AC¤A•DAy>;+
42Y+Ÿ:;{

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DANH MỤC BẢNG
Bảng 1.1

Tiêu chuẩn IEEE 1547 cho hệ thống PV khi điện áp thay đổi 17

Bảng 1.2

Tiêu chuẩn IEEE 1547 cho hệ thống PV khi tần số thay đổi 17

Bảng 1.3

Giới hạn thành phần sóng hài dòng điện theo tiêu chuẩn IEEE 1547 17

Bảng 1.4

So sánh phần tử thụ động của bộ biến đổi có công suất 50kW ứng dụng
cho Fuel Cell (nguồn: [10]) 21



Bảng 2.1

Hệ số điều chế cho mỗi van bán dẫn NLNZ khi cho phép cả ba nhánh
van mạch nghịch lưu “ngắn mạch’’ – mẫu xung MX
3
37

Bảng 2.2

Hệ số điều chế cho mỗi van bán dẫn NLNZ khi cho phép hai nhánh van
mạch nghịch lưu “ngắn mạch’’ – mẫu xung MX
3
38
Bảng 3.1

Tham số mô phỏng nghịch lưu nguồn Z 66

Bảng 3.2

Tham số pin năng lượng mặt trời Shell-SQ160 (nguồn: [61]) 67

Bảng 3.3

Giá trị V
mp
và I
mp
tại của pin mặt trời tại điều kiện làm việc khác nhau 67

Bảng 4.1

Tham số turbine, máy phát PMSG 87

Bảng 4.2

Tham số bộ biến đổi NLNZ 87
Bảng 5.1

Giao tiếp vật lý giữa Card ds1103 và TMS320F2812 93

Bảng 5.2

Giới hạn đại lượng chuẩn hóa theo mạch đo lường 95

Bảng 5.3

Tham số thí nghiệm nghịch lưu nguồn Z làm việc độc lập (stand alone)
105

Bảng 5.4

Tham số thí nghiệm nghịch lưu nguồn Z làm việc nối lưới
(grid connected) 108


 DC
DANH MỤC HÌNH VẼ
Hình 1.1

Hệ phát điện phân tán tham gia trong mạng điện 16

Hình 1.2

Thiết bị điện tử công suất cho hệ phát điện phân tán 18

Hình 1.3

Cấu trúc thiết bị biến đổi công suất tiêu biểu sử dụng cho hệ phát điện
phân tán 19

Hình 1.4

Cấu trúc mạch lực bộ biến đổi nguồn Z 20

Hình 1.5

Sơ đồ mạch lực nghịch lưu ba pha nguồn Z 20

Hình 1.6

Mạch tương đương phía một chiều NLNZ 21

Hình 1.7

Mạch điện tương đương phía một chiều NLNZ trong trạng thái 1 22

Hình 1.8

Mạch điện tương đương phía một chiều NLNZ trong trạng thái 2 23

Hình 1.9

Mạch điện tương đương phía một chiều NLNZ trong trạng thái 2 23

Hình 1.10

Mạch điện tương đương phía một chiều NLNZ trong trạng thái 3 24

Hình 1.11

Mạch điện tương đương phía một chiều NLNZ trong trạng thái 4 24

Hình 1.12

Mạch điện tương đương phía một chiều NLNZ trong trạng thái 5 25

Hình 1.13

Các phương pháp điều chế độ rộng xung cho NLNZ 26

Hình 1.14

Cấu trúc điều khiển NLNZ 28

Hình 1.15

Các ứng dụng NLNZ cho nguồn phát phân tán 30
Hình 2.1

Vị trí các vector chuẩn trên hệ tọa độ tĩnh αβ 32

Hình 2.2

Thuật toán xác định vector điện áp đặt trong mỗi sector 32

Hình 2.3

Các mẫu xung xuất hiện trong điều chế vector không gian cho NLNZ . 34

Hình 2.4

Đặc tính làm việc tương ứng với các mẫu xung NLNZ 36

Hình 2.5

Đầu ra mạch NLNZ nối lưới thông qua mạch lọc LCL 40

Hình 2.6

a) Mạch điện tương đương phía một chiều NLNZ với đầu vào nguồn
dòng, b) trạng thái “ngắn mạch”, c) trạng thái “không ngắn mạch”, d)
dạng dòng điện tức thời chảy qua các phần tử nguồn Z. 41

Hình 2.7

Mô hình nghịch lưu nguồn Z với đầu vào nguồn dòng 42

Hình 2.8

a) Mạch điện tương đương phía một chiều NLNZ với đầu vào nguồn áp,
b) trạng thái “ngắn mạch”, c) trạng thái “không ngắn mạch”,. 43

Hình 2.9

Mô hình nghịch lưu nguồn Z với đầu vào nguồn áp 44

Hình 2.10

Sơ đồ khối điều khiển nghịch lưu nguồn Z 45

Hình 2.11

Khảo sát tính ổn định tại điểm cân bằng (2.52) 47

 DD

Hình 2.12

Khảo sát tính ổn định tại điểm cân bằng (2.59) 48
Hình 3.1

Các cấu hình ghép nối pin mặt trời và thiết bị điện tử công suất 51

Hình 3.2

Sơ đồ khối chức năng điều khiển điện tử công suất nối lưới cho pin mặt
trời (nguồn: [1]) 51

Hình 3.3

Mạch điện tương đương pin mặt trời 52

Hình 3.4

Đặc tính i - v của Shell-SQ160 theo nhiệt độ T 53

Hình 3.5

Đặc tính i - v của Shell-SQ160 theo mật độ ánh sáng G 53

Hình 3.6

Cấu trúc điều khiển NLNZ nối lưới cho hệ pin mặt trời 54

Hình 3.7

a.Đặc tính công suất
(
)
pv pv
p u
, b.Sơ đồ khối điều khiển 55

Hình 3.8

a.Đặc tính công suất
(
)
pv pv

p i
, b. Sơ đồ khối điều khiển 55

Hình 3.9

a.Đặc tính công suất
(
)
pv
p d
, b. Sơ đồ khối điều khiển 56

Hình 3.10

Minh họa thuật toán “Incremental Conductance” trên đặc tính
(
)
pv pv
p u

57

Hình 3.11

Thuật toán xác định điểm làm việc có công suất lớn nhất theo phương
pháp “Incremental Conductance” 58

Hình 3.12

Mạch vòng điều chỉnh phía một chiều NLNZ với đầu vào nguồn dòng

thiết kế theo phương pháp tuyến tính hóa chính xác 66

Hình 3.13

Kết quả mô phỏng khi nhiệt độ làm việc thay đổi theo phương pháp
backstepping 69

Hình 3.14

Kết quả mô phỏng khi mật độ ánh sáng thay đổi theo phương pháp
backstepping 70

Hình 3.15

Kết quả mô phỏng khi nhiệt độ làm việc thay đổi theo phương pháp
tuyến tính hóa chính xác 72

Hình 3.16

Kết quả mô phỏng khi mật độ ánh sáng thay đổi theo phương pháp tuyến
tính hóa chính xác 73
Hình 4.1

Các hệ phát điện sức gió (nguồn: [55]) 76

Hình 4.2

Sơ đồ khối chức năng điều khiển điện tử công suất nối lưới cho hệ phát
điện sức gió (nguồn: [1]) 76

Hình 4.3

Đặc tính công suất turbine tương ứng tốc độ gió khác nhau 77

Hình 4.4

Sơ đồ khối chức năng điều khiển hệ phát điện sức gió dùng nghịch lưu
nguồn Z 78

Hình 4.5

Cấu trúc điều khiển nghịch lưu nguồn Z hệ phát điện sức gió làm việc
nối lưới 79

Hình 4.6

Cấu trúc điều khiển nghịch lưu nguồn Z hệ phát điện sức gió làm việc
độc lập 80

 DA
Hình 4.7

Cấu trúc điều khiển cho mạch vòng điện áp một chiều của NLNZ với tải
xác định. 83

Hình 4.8

Cấu trúc điều khiển cho mạch vòng điện áp một chiều của NLNZ với
tham số tải bất định. 86

Hình 4.9

Kết quả mô phỏng kiểm chứng khả năng làm việc phương pháp
backstepping thích nghi 88

Hình 4.10

Kết quả mô phỏng hệ thống điều khiển NLNZ nối lưới cho hệ phát điện
sức gió sử dụng máy phát PMSG 90

Hình 4.11

Kết quả mô phỏng hệ thống điều khiển NLNZ độc lập cho hệ phát điện
sức gió sử dụng máy phát PMSG 92
Hình 5.1

Cấu trúc hệ thống mô phỏng thời gian thực (nguồn: [61]) 94

Hình 5.2

Kết quả mô phỏng thời gian thực khi mật độ ánh sáng thay đổi theo
phương pháp backstepping 100

Hình 5.3

Kết quả mô phỏng thời gian thực khi nhiệt độ thay đổi theo phương pháp
backstepping 101

Hình 5.4

Kết quả mô phỏng thời gian thực khi mật độ ánh sáng thay đổi theo
phương pháp tuyến tính hóa chính xác 102

Hình 5.5

Kết quả mô phỏng thời gian thực khi nhiệt độ thay đổi theo phương pháp
tuyến tính hóa chính xác 103

Hình 5.6

Kết quả mô phỏng thời gian thực nghịch lưu nguồn Z nối lưới hệ sức gió
sử dụng máy phát PMSG 104

Hình 5.7

Cấu trúc thí nghiệm nghịch lưu nguồn Z làm việc độc lập 106

Hình 5.8

Kết quả thực nghiệm NLNZ làm việc độc lập 107

Hình 5.9

Cấu trúc thí nghiệm nghịch lưu nguồn Z làm việc nối lưới 109

Hình 5.10

Kết quả thực nghiệm NLNZ làm việc nối lưới 110

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3bv0+,\0
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4W2;0N8:i>?823+Y\l0+100[X[Y8€6€0Nj6†Y0N82i[t
8‡0YpYc;Y[YYW0cY8Q2>?lt„_tY28‡00N-62823+425Me
0jYY[YRr+X+Y%'q7;0N-8‡Y825RYh+0NuYRQYb7Y683€
->~qxRr+X+Yx050NY[Ycqx4[Y;+M2-Yc+l>~
qxY[Yt t[t823+425t20+,\YRQY6ntj;R90Y23+
0 c6k2Y[Ycqx%'Mg8:l02\04\Yh+0NuY823+425%'
Yit[082ite0[825`.t2R‡00Nf2lit[082i>cY2:M
3 07Y 2iR.
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YcYh+0NuY823+425%'Yit[082ite0[l6k20+100[
823+4258_YY28‡00N-G<G•AC¤A•DA6RW`it[082i

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4^TbR62iY0N;2Y\89?2bk2yN2qY†Y0†q{l89Yb1ty>0;q
;b†{Yx05M
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DM•]+;M
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0[66;20Nn02\0a€a2\8•282i0~YW>+h00N8:M2k202i+Yh+0NuY
RQYb7Y6te0jY+,-bvbR62iY%'l85YpN;023RTc
qxYit[082ite0[M92q+RxY,YY0h,0``
2-Yc+63%'Y8\0f2825R2i;,68;N;k2-Yc+
Yx05Yb+1[M
AM2^2t[t6RW`0[PY€Yb+a;t;+–'M
;N;2^2t[t823+Y\6†Y0N4W2;Y%'6k2Rr+X+Yx05l
t„_tY28‡00N-62823+4252i;,YY[Ycqx%'M<W`
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qQ+–> Yhtt•a2\>~qx0NY[Ycqx%'MpN;8‡Y
825R89PY4W6k2RW`%'6k28O+6qQ+–[tl858;
N;t [823+425t„_t8?26k20Nf_t,M
•M2\04\Yh+0NuY823+425€Yb++–'Yt2R‡00Nf2M
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1.2 Vai trò thiết bị biến đổi điện tử công suất cho hệ phát điện
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JA'€!5+2CGP(*'AN'C '*P-;
   = 2 CG C2 L OJvJ 0 ' u < CL *' N
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1.3 Giới thiệu nghịch lưu nguồn Z
1.3.1 Cấu trúc mạch lực
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