Lý thuyết và bài tập bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi, học sinh khá môn tiếng anh THCS, THPT

CẤU TRÚC ĐỀ THI MÔN T.ANH
I. Phonetics: (1m)
- Chọn 1 từ có phần gạch chân phát âm khác với các từ còn lại.
II. Grammar, vocabulary and language functions: (4=>5m)
- Chọn phương án trả lời thích hợp A, B, C or D để hoàn thành câu. (Trắc nghiệm)
- Chia động từ
- Dùng dạng đúng của từ cho trong ngoặc để hoàn thành câu. (BT biến đổi từ)
- Dùng từ cho trong ngoặc để nối 2 câu thành 1 câu.
III. Reading: (2->3,5m)
- Chọn từ thích hợp cho sẵn (ở trong ngoặc) diền vào mỗi chỗ trống để hoàn thành đoạn văn.
- Đọc đoạn văn rồi trả lời các câu hỏi theo nội dung đoạn văn.
- Chọn đáp án đúng A, B, C or D điền vào mỗi chỗ trống đề hoàn thành đoạn văn.
IV. Writing: (2=>3m)
- Dùng từ, cụm từ gợi ý viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh
- Sắp xếp từ, cụm từ cho sẵn thành câu có nghĩa.
- Viết lại câu bắt đầu bằng từ/cụm từ gợi ý cho trước sao cho ý nghĩa của câu không thay đổi so với ban đầu.
TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI VÀO LỚP 10
I. TENSES: CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH: 6 THÌ
II.WISH: ĐIỀU ƯỚC:
III. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
IV. DIRECT + REPORTED SPEECH: TRỰC TIẾP – GIÁN TIẾP
V. PASSIVE VOICE: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
VI. TAG QUESTIONS: CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI
VII. SUGGESTIONS: LỜI ĐỀ NGHỊ
VIII. CONNECTIVES: TỪ NỐI
IX. ADJ AND ADV: TÍNH TỪ – TRẠNG TỪ + CÁC LOẠI CÂU SO SÁNH
X. RELATIVE CLAUSES: MĐ QUAN HỆ:
XI. PHRASAL VERBS: CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ
XII. PREPOSITIONS
XIII. Ving / to V

2
B¶ng ®éng tõ bÊt quy t¾c
Infinitive Past Past participle Nghĩa
abide abode abode
Trú ngụ,chịu đựng A
arise arose arisen Nổi dậy, nổi lên
awake awoke awoke, awaked Tỉnh dậy ,đánh thức
be was, were been
Thì, là, ở, bị được B
bear bore born Mang, chịu đựng, sinh đẻ
beat beat beaten Đánh
become became become Thành,trở nên
begin began begun Bắt đầu
bend bent bent Uốn cong
bite bit bit, bitten Cắn
bleed bled bled Chảy máu
blow blew blown Thổi
break broke broken Làm vỡ, bẻ gãy
bring brought brought Mang lại, đem lại
build built built Xây dựng
burn burnt burnt Đốt cháy
burst burst burst Nổ
buy bought bought Mua
cast cast cast
Liệng, ném, quăng c
catch caught caught Bắt, chụp được
choose chose chosen Lựa chọn
come came come Đến
cost cost cost Trị giá
creep crept crept Bò

cut cut cut Cắt
deal dealt dealt
Giao thiệp, chia bài d
dig dug dug Đào
do did done Làm
draw drew drawn vẽ
dream dreamt dreamt Mơ, mộng
drink drank drunk Uống
drive drove driven Đưa, lái xe
eat ate eaten
Ăn e
fall fell fallen
Ngã, rơi f
feed fed fed Nuôi cho ăn
feel felt felt Cảm thấy
fight fought fought Đánh , chiến đấu
find found found Tìm thấy, được
3
fly flew flown Bay
forbid forbade forbidden Cấm
forget forgot forgotten Quên
forgive forgave forgiven Tha thứ
get got got, gotten
Được, trở nên g
give gave given Cho
go went gone Đi
grind ground ground Xay, nghiền nhỏ
grow grew grown Lớn lên, mọc
hang hung hung
Treo h

have had had Có
hear heard heard Nghe
hide hid hid, hidden Ẩn, trốn
hit hit hit Đụng chạm
hold held hold Cầm giữ
hurt hurt hurt Làm đau, làm hại
keep kept kept
Giữ k
kneel knelt knelt Quì gối
knit knit knit Đan
know knew known Biết
lead led led
Dẫn dắt, lãnh đạo l
lay laid laid Để, đặt, để trứng
learn learnt learnt Học, được tin
leave left left Bỏ lại, rời khỏi
lend lent lent Cho vay
let let let Hãy để, cho phép
lie lay lain Nằm dài ra
lose lost lost Mất, đánh mất
make made made
Làm, chế tạo m
mean meant meant Có nghĩ, muốn nói
meet met met Gặp
mistake mistook mistaken Lầm lẫn
pay paid paid
Trả tiền p
put put put Đặt, để
read read read
Đọc r

rend rent rent Xé, làm rách
ride rode roden Cỡi (ngụa, xe),đi xe
ring rang rung Rung chuông
rise rose risen Mọc lên
run ran run Chạy
say said said
Nói s
see saw seen Thấy
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seek sought sought Tìm kiếm
sell sold sold Bán
send sent sent Gửi, phải đi
set set set Để, đặt, lập nên
shake shook shaken Lắc, lay, rũ
shine shone shone Chiếu sáng
shoot shot shot Bắn, phóng mạnh
show showed shown Chỉ, trỏ
shut shut shut Đóng lại
sing sang sung Hát
sink sank sunk Đắm, chìm, nhận, chìm
sit sat sat Ngồi
sleep slept slept Ngủ
smell smelt smelt Ngửi thấy
speak spoke spoken Nói, xướng ngôn
speed sped sped Làm nhanh
spell spelt spelt Đánh vần
spend spent spent Tiêu xài
spread spread spread Trải ra, làm tràn
stand stood stood Đứng
steal stole stolen Ăn trộm, cắp

stick stuck stuck Dán, dính
sting stung stung Châm, đốt
strike struck struck Đánh, co vào
swear swore sworn Thề
sweep swept swept Quét
swell swelled swellen Phồng lên, sưng
swim swam swum Bơi lội
take took taken
Lấy t
teach taught taught Dạy
tear tore torn Làm rách, xé
tell told told Nói, kể lại, bảo
think thought thought Nghĩ, tưởng
throw threw thrown Ném. liệng, quăng
unbend unbent unent
Dàn ra u
undergo underwent undergone Chịu đựng
understand understood understood Hiểu
upset upset upset Lật đổ, lộn ngược
wake woke woken
Thức tỉnh w
wear wore worn Mặc, bận, mang, đeo
win won won Thắng, được
wind wound wound Cuộn lại, vặn,quay
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write wrote written Vit
PHầN I - L THUYT + LUYN TP
Buổi 1: 9C:________________
9A,B:_______________
Vắng 9C:____________________________________

9A,B:________________________________________
Chuyên đề 1: các thì cơ bản trong tiếng anh
TT Thỡ
Cụng thc chia Du hiu chia
1. Hin ti n
S
1
+ V/V
s/es

S
1
+ do not/does not + V
nt

Do/Does + S + V
nt
?
Every day; every week ; always,
usually, sometimes, ever (õy l
trng t tn xut)
Cỏc cõu din t s tht luụn ỳng,
chõn lý khoa hc, thi gian biu.
2.
Hin ti tip
din
S + am/is/are + V
ing
.
S + am/is/are + not + V

ing
.
(be) + S + V
ing
?
At the moment, now,
Cỏc cõu mnh lnh i trc hoc i sau.
VD: look! (nhỡn), listen! (nghe),
3.
Hin ti hon
thnh
S + have/has + P
2

S + have/has + not + P
2

Have/has + S + P
2
?
(Have: I, we, you, they, Ns.
Has: she, he, it, N)
Since + (mc thi gian)
Since then
Sine (thỡ quỏ kh)
For + (khong thi gian)
Lately, recently, just, never, already, yet,
4. Quỏ kh n
S + V
qk

+
S + did not + V
nt

Did + S + V
nt
.?
Yesterday, last month, last week, ago.
In + (tgqk).
5.
Quỏ kh tip
din
S + was/were + V
ing

S + was/were + not + V
ing

Was/were + S + V
ing
?

When + Quỏ kh n
QK tip din
QK tip din
While
QK tip din
At the time
At . oclock (tgqk)
Hai hnh ng xy ra trong quỏ kh

hnh ng no xy ra trc v kộo di
thỡ chia quỏ kh hon thnh, hnh ng
ct ngang chia quỏ kh n.
Hai hnh ng xy ra song song quỏ
kh u chia quỏ kh tip din.
I, She, he, it, N(s ớt): was
we, you, they, N(s nhiu): were
6.
Tng lai n
S + will + V
nt
.
S + will + not + V
nt
.
Will + S + V
nt
?
Tomorrow, next month,.
In the future
In + (tgtl)
Tng lai gn S + am/is/are + going to + Vnt * this weekend, this summer
*Chỳ ý:
Thỡ hin ti thng:
To be
Am I
Is She, he, it, N(s ớt)
Are We, you, they, N(s nhiu)
ng t thng
Do, dont, V-nd I, we, you, they, N(s nhiu)

Does, doesnt, Vs,es She, he, it, N(s ớt)
Ves: khi cỏc ng t kt thỳc bng sh, ch, s, o, x.
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple :
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1. I (be)________a teacher of English at a junior school in Bac Giang.
2. She often (get)___________good marks at Maths.
3. They usually (work)________five days a week.
4. It (not rain)___________ much in our country in winter.
5. How many people (be)__________there in your family?
6. What _______your father (do)________? – He is an engineer.
7. Lan usually (play)_________the piano after school.
8. ________your school (have )_________an English club?
9. My teacher always ( help)__________us to do difficult exercises.
10. The Earth (circle)_________the sun once every 365 days.
II. Put the verbs in brackets into the present progressive :
1. I (read)____________ an interesting book at the moment.
2. He (write)__________a long novel at present.
3. The students (plant)___________trees in the garden at the moment.
4. Children (become) more and more active.
5. Look! Our new teacher(come)____________.
6. Where is your mother? – She (water)___________the flowers in the garden.
7. They (do)__________some experiments at the moment.
8. Come in, we (have) ____________ a party.
9. Look, The Sun (shine)__________, and the birds (sing)___________.
10. Do not turn off the TV! She (watch)____________the weather forecast.
III. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or present progressive :
1. My father (plant)________some fruit trees in the garden now.
2. What your _____father (do)______ in the evening?- he usually (watch)______TV but sometimes he
(read)_________books.
3. We (not go)_________ to the zoo very often.

4. Lan and Phong (be)_________in the kitchen. They (prepare)_________dinner.
5.How ______you (feel)________now?- I (feel)________a bit tired.
6. Look! The plane (fly)___________toward the airport. It (land)___________.
7. We’ll go out when the rain (stop)__________.
8. What ______you (do)________ now? – We (play)________ soccer.
9. Bears (like)__________ honey.
10. Where (be)_________your mother? – She (be)______in the bathroom. Maybe, she (have)__________a
bath.
IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple:
1. I (have)_________a busy day yesterday.
2. My parents (buy)_________this house 20 years ago.
3. I (phone)___________her last night but she (not answer)___________.
4. Her mother (take)_________her to the zoo last Sunday.
5. _____you (be) at home yesterday morning?
6. He (come)___________into the room, (turn)________on the TV, (sit)_________on the sofa and
(begin)______________watching TV.
7. I (not do) ____________my homework last night, I (go)_________out with my friend.
8. When ______you (start)________learning English?
9. He wishes he (be)___________a millionaire.
10. What would you do if you (win)________lottery?
V. Put the verbs in brackets into the past progressive:
1. I (do)_________my homework when he phoned me last night.
2. They (wait)________for me at 7 o’clock last night.
3. My children (play)__________with the toys while I (prepare)_________dinner.
4. We (talk)________on the phone at this time yesterday.
5. He (walk)_________home when he saw the accident.
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6. At 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon we (play)__________football in the schoolyard.
7. It stared to rain when we (watch)________TV.
8. When they (have)__________a drink, a waiter dropped a pile of plates.

VI. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past progressive:
1. At this time last Sunday,they (play)____________soccer.
2. What _______you (do)________at 8 o’clock last night?- I (listen)_______to music.
3. Mr Lam (work)_________in the library when the phone rang.
4. Of couse I know them. They (live)________next door to me some years ago.
5The children (play)__________tennis when it (start)_________raining
6. My cousin and I (watch)____________a film on TV last night when my brother (come)________.He
(watch)____________the end of the film with us.
7. I (practice)___________speaking English while my sister (play)________with toys.
8. Brad (leave)_________Bac Giang last Sunday.
9. When I (come)________, they (talk)_________about the show on TV.
10. The dog (attrack)_________Mr Pitt when he (walk)_________along quietly.
VII. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect:
1. He (live)____________in Bac Giang for 20 years.
2. They (know)________each other since 2000.
3. ______you (do)_________the homework yet.
4. Mrs Lan (teach)_________in this school since 1998.
5. Nam isn’t here. He just (go)_________out.
6. I (read)__________this book several times.
7. AIDS (kill)__________a lot of people recently.
8. She never (eat)___________ this kind of this food before.
9. I (not meet)__________him since we left school.
10. How long ________you (work)_________ for this company?
VIII. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or past simple:
1. ________you (watch)_______the news on TV last night?
2. I (not see )___________him for months.
3. _______you ever (win)_________a competition? –Yes, I (win)________a photographic competition in
2001.
4. He smiled at me in a friendly way when he (see)________ me.
5. The band Super Junior (be)__________famous in our country recently.

6. ______you (meet) ______him when you were at university.
7. They have lived in this flat since they (come)_________.
8. My teacher wasn’t at home when we (arrive)__________. He (just go)________out.
9. _______you ever (connect)___________a printer? I (know)_______how to connect it since I (be)
________twelve.
10.______you (see)_______the film Harry Porter yet? – Yes, I (see)______last year.
IX. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple future or “ be going to ”:
1. My daughter (be)________13 on her next birthday.
2. We (go)________on vacation in Ha Long Bay next weekend.
3. He (phone)_________me as soon as he arrives to Ho Chi Minh City.
4. We (not have)__________to go to school tomorrow.
5. I promise I (learn)__________harder.
6. He (get)_________a lot of money if he works harder.
7. He has bought a new scraf. He (give)___________it to his mom on her next birthday.
8. It’s hot here. I (turn)_________on the air conditioner.
Chuyªn ®Ò 2: WISH (c©u íc)
8
1 . Ước muốn ở hiện tai. S + wish + S
2
+ V
ed
/ were (now…………)

2. Ước muốn ở tương lai. S + wish + S
2
+ would/could/should + V
nt
( tomorrow, next, )
VIẾT LẠI CÂU SỬ DỤNG “WISH”
TT ĐT ở câu đề WISH

1
am
is
are
were not
2
am not
isn’t
aren’t
were
3
V
nt
Vs/es
didn’t + V
nt
4
don’t + V
nt
đoesn’t + V
nt
Vqk
5 can +V
nt
could not + V
nt
6 can’t + V
nt
could + V
nt

7 will+ V
nt
would + not + V
nt
Notes: -Bỏ: It’s a pity (that)
What a pity (that)
I’m sorry
- (Nếu đề sử dụng tính từ thì có thể viết lại với tính từ trái nghĩa)
1-GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS:
1. I wish I (can/ speak) English perfectly.  ……… ………… ………… ….
2. I wish I (can) do this exercise.  ……… ………… ………… …
3. I wish I (know) how to swim.  ……… ………….… ……… …
4. I wish the weather (be) better today.  ……… ………… ………… ….
5. I wish you (like) my painting.  ……… ………… …………
6. I wish I (not have to) work on Saturday.  ……… ………… ………… …
7. I wish you (not come) here late.  ……… ………… ………… ….………
8. I wish I (will be) there soon.  ……… ………… ………… ….…
9. I wish I ( be) in Hue  ……… ………… ………… …
10.Lan wishes she (not/be) punished by the teacher.  ……… ………… …
2-REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:
1.What a pity! You aren't here with us now.
I wish
2. What a pity! He can't come here.
I wish
3. I'm sorry, I can't help you.
I wish
4. I don't have time to help you do this work.
I wish
5. I don't know Paul's phone number.
I wish

6.He can't swim as well as his friends.
He wishes
7.I don't know much about him.
I wish
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8.I am sorry. I am not well now.
I wish
9.They don't have enough money.
They wish
10.It's a pity! I can't borrow your car.
I wish
11.I'm sorry. I can't tell you the truth.
I wish
12.It is a shame, we don't have a radio.
We wish
13.I have to work every Sunday.
I wish
14.I'm sorry! I can't go camping with you.
I wish
15. It's a pity! Our teacher isn't here with us at the moment.
We wish
16. It's a pity! I can't go camping with you.
I wish
17. I'm sorry I can't speak English perfectly.
I wish
18. It's a pity the weather isn't better today.
We wish
19. I'm sorry I'm not able to go with you.
I wish
20. I don't have anything to eat.

I wish
21. I don't have time to get to know your beautiful country better.
Liz wishes
22. I don't have my friend's phone number.
I wish
1. I’m living in a small house.
I wish…………………………………
2. I’m sorry I won’t come to the party next week.
I wish…………………………………… …….
3. I don’t know your address.
I wish………………………………………… ….
4. I speak English badly.
I wish………………………………… …
5. She has to work on Saturday everyweek.
She wishes……………………… ………….
6. He can’t swim as well as his friend.
He wish……………………………… ……
7. I’d like Tom to give up smoking.
I wish………………………………………
8. You are making so mush noise late at night.
I wish………………………………… ……
Buæi 2: 9C:________________
9A,B:_______________
V¾ng 9C:____________________________________
9A,B:________________________________________
Chuyªn ®Ò 3: Conditional sentences (C©u ®iÒu kiÖn)
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1, Type1: Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại / tương lai
If + S + V
(s,es)

+ … , S
2
+ will/shall + V
nt
2, Type2: Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại (hay câu giả định)
If +S + V
qk
/were…., S
2
+ would/ could + V
nt
3/ Viết lại câu với câu điều kiện
- Unless = if not <=> Unless + MĐ khẳng định = If + MĐ phủ định
- If only + = I wish +
a. Nếu đề ở tương lai thì dùng đk loại 1:
b. Khi câu đề ở hiện tại thì dùng đk loại 2 + phản nghĩa.
Vd: It is rainy. I can’t go to school=> If ……………………………………………….
Vd: Today isn’t Sunday. We can’t go swimming. => If today…………………………………
c. Khi câu đề là “Don’t + V… + or + MĐ” thì bỏ don’t thay bằng If you rồi chép lại hết, bỏ or thay
bằng dấu phẩy.
vd: Don’t go out or you will get wet => If you ………………………………………………
d. Khi câu đề là: V…+ or + MĐ thì viết lại với If you don’t (chép lại hết bỏ or thay bằng dấu phẩy)
vd: Raise your hand or I will kill you. => If you …………………………
e. Khi câu đề có because thì dùng đk loại 2 + phản nghĩa (bỏ because thay bằng if)
vd: He can’t go out because he has to do his homework > If ……………………………………
f. Khi đề có từ ‘so’ thì bỏ ‘so’ thay bằng dấu phẩy;dùng đk loại 2 +phản nghĩa
vd: She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam > If………………………………………………
EX1:Chia động từ trong ngoặc.
1. If he (eat) __________another cake, he will be sick.
2. If he (take) _______my advice, everything can go well.

3. He never does homework. If he( do) __________ his homework, he(not worry) __________about his
exam.
4. If you played for us, we( win)__________.
5.What you (do) __________if she refuses your invitation?
6. If today (be) __________Sunday, we (go) __________ to the beach.
7. Unless they (pass) __________their examinations, they would join the army.
8. You (be) __________ill if you drink that water.
9.If Tom (go)_______to bed earlier,he would not be so tired.
10.If it’s raining heavily, we (not go) __________for a donkey ride.
11. If he (try)________hard, he’ll pass the examination.
12. I could understand the French teacher if she (speak)__________ more slowly.
13. If I (be)……………… you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university.
14. If the doctor can’t help me, I (go)……………… somewhere else.
15. Will you tell me if there (be) ……………….any problems?
16. If you drove more carefully, you (not have) …………………… so many accidents.
17. If he (get)………………… earlier, he’d get to work on time.
18. If we (have)………………… more time, I could tell you more about it.
19. If this house costs too much, I (buy)………………………. A smaller one.
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20. If you (sell)………………. more products, you’d earn more money.
21. What would you do if you suddenly (win)…………… half a million pounds?
22. His car would be safer if he (buy)……………… some new tyers.
EX2:Choose the best sentences
1. If I go shopping, I ………some food.
a. buy b. will buy c. would buy d. would have bought.
2. If I find it, I ………you.
a. will tell b. would tell c. had told d. told.
3. What would you do if you……………a million dollars?
a. would win b. win c. had won d. won.
4. You won’t pass the examination……………you study more.

a. as long as b. unless c. if d. whether.
5. If only I …………you wanted to invest money in business.
a. had known b. knew c. have known d. know.
6. If I were in your place, I ……….a trip to England.
a. will make b. had made c. made. d. would make.
7. If I ………… you , I’d save some of your lottery winning.
a. be b. were c. am d. was
8. If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English.
a. will go b. go c. would go d. should have to go
9. If it …… convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.
a. be b. was c. were d. Is
III. Rewrite the sentence
11. You should apologize for the misunderstanding to her.
If I were
12.Unless you change your mind, the company won't refund the money.
If you
13.Tom isn't in my place, so he doesn't understand.
If Tom
14.We can't go because it is raining.
If
15.Unless there is so much traffic, the air won't be polluted.
If
16.If it doesn't rain, there will be a shortage of water.
Unless
17.Unless she starts at once, she will be late.
If
18.You will lose your job. You are late again.
If
19.If she doesn't hurry, she will miss the train.
Unless

20.The weather is not fine. We can't take photographs.
If
21.You press this botton to stop the machine.
If
22.We don't have enough money so we can't buy that house.
If
23.If someone doesn't put the coal in, the fire will go out.
Unless
24.We don't see our grandparents often because they live so far away.
12
If
25.Unless we reduce the use of water and electricity, we'll have to pay more this month.
If we
26.He can't buy the computer because he doesn' have enough money.
If
27.Working so much will make you tired.
If you
28.People don't do enough exercise, so there is a lot of heart disease.
If people
29.Water these plants or they will die.
Unless you water
30.I'm not rich so I can't buy that house.
If I
31.He works in the evening so he has no time to play with his children.
If he
32.I can't give you a ride because I don't have a motorbike.
If I
33.Hurry up or we will be late for the concert.
If we
34.She goes to school late because she lives very far from school.

Unless she
35.The test is so difficult that we can't finish it on time.
If the test
36. People don’t trust him because he tells lies.
-> If he…………………………………… ……………………………………………
37. She is so busy that she can’t come to the party.
-> If she………………………………………… ………………………………………….
38. I don’t have money , so I’m not going on holiday.
-> If I………………………………………… …………………………………………
39. He often gets bad marks because he is lazy.
-> If ………………………………………… ……………………………………………
40. Do it now , or you will not finish it on time.
-> If ………………………………………… …………………………………………
Chuyªn ®Ò 4 : REPORTED SPEECH (C©u gi¸n tiÕp)
*Nh÷ng thay ®æi khi chuyÓn tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp :
-§æi ng«i, ®æi th×, tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn theo quy t¾c.
1/ Đổi ngôi: Tuỳ thuộc vào chủ ngữ 1 hoặc tân ngữ.
I, we: theo người nói.
13
You: theo ngi nghe.
She, he, it, they: khụng i
i t nhõn xng Tớnh t s hu Tõn ng
Trc tip Giỏn tip Trc tip Giỏn tip Trc tip Giỏn tip
I He/ she My His/ her me Her/ him
we They Our their us them
you they/ he/ she Your His/ her/ their you Her/ him/
them
they they Their Their them them
She/ he She/ he Her/ his Her/ his Her/ him Her/ him
it it its its it it

2/ Quy tc lựi mt thỡ:
TT Trc tip Giỏn tip
1
Hin ti
Vnt/ V
s,es
dont/doesnt + Vnt
Quỏ kh
Vqk
didnt + Vnt
2
Hin ti tip din
Am/is/ are +(not)+ Ving
Quỏ kh tip din
Was/ were +(not)+ Ving
3
Hin ti hon thnh
Has/ have + P
II
Quỏ kh hon thnh
Had + P
II
4
Can Could
Must/ have to/ has to had to
May might
Will/ shall Would/ should
3-Đổi từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn:
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
This

These
Here
Now
Ago
Today
Tonight
Tomorrow
Yesterday
Last night/ week/ month/ year
Next week/ month/ year
That
Those
There
Then/ at one/ immediately.
Before
That day
That night
The next/ following day.
The day before/ the previous day
The night/ week/ month/ year before hoặc the previous
night
The following week/ month/ year.
4/ Cụng thc:
14
TT Loi cõu
Trc tip Giỏn tip
1
Cõu mnh
lnh
Vnt + ,

don

t +Vnt +,
eg: dont stay up late, Hoa, he said
S + told + O + to + Vnt
S + told + O + not + to + Vnt.
He told Hoa not to stay up late
2
Cõu kng
nh, p
S + V + , S
2
+ told/ asked/said
S
2
+ said (that) S + V
( lựi mt thỡ)
3
Cõu hi
o
TT + S + V ?, S
2
+ asked + O
S
2
+ asked + O + If + s + V
( lùi một thì )
4
Cõu hi cú
t hi

T hi + TT + S + V?, S
2
+ asked + O
S
2
+ asked + O + t hi + S + V
( lựi mt thỡ
I. Rewrite these sentences, using reported speech .
1. Charles said, “I’m living in London now.”
→ __________________________________________________________
2. He said to us, “You are my best friends.”
→ __________________________________________________________
3. Johnny said to me, “I don’t know what Fred is doing.”
→ ___________________________________________________________
4. She said, “I will answer the phone.”
→ ___________________________________________________________
5. He said to his friends, “I must go home now.”
→ __________________________________________________________
6. Hoa said, “I can’t go out after 8 pm.”
→ __________________________________________________________
7. Judy said, “John wants to come here but he isn’ too very well.”
→_________________________________________________________
8. He said, “I have to finish this report by five o’clock.”
→ _______________________________________________________________
9. The doctor said, “Mr. Smith will improve quickly.”
→ _______________________________________________________________
10. William said to me, “I am leaving in the morning.”
II-Change into reported speech: (Affirmative Imperatives: )
1.He said to me:” Let’s go to the zoo.”
→ ………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………

2. My sister said to me, “ Open the window.”
→ My sister …………………………
3.She said to her classmate:” Be quiet, please!”
→ …………………………
4.The teacher said to his student:” Write these sentences.”
→ …………………………
5.The mother said to her son, “ move here, please.”
→ The mother ………………………… …………
III-Change into reported speech: Negative Imperatives:
1. He said to me:”Don’t make noise in class,please.”
→ ………… ………………………………………………………………
2. She said to the passer-by:” Don’t turn left at the two blocks ahead.”
→ ………………………… …………………….…………
3.She said to her classmate:” Don’t talk in class.”
→ ………………………… …………………………………
4.The teacher said to his student:” Don’t touch that new board.”
→ ………………………… …………………………………
5.The mother said to her son, “ Don’t put off your coat, please.”
→ The mother ………………………… …………
15
IV- Rewrite the following Yes/No questions in reported speech, use IF or WHETHER:
1.“Do you enjoy reading books?” Phong asked Peter.
=> Phong asked Peter………………………………………………………………………….
2. “Does she like sports?”Hoa asked Lan.
=>Hoa asked …………………………………………………………………………………
3. “Does Hoa play badminton?” Lan asked Thu.
=>Lan asked Thu………………………….………………………………………….
4. “Does your sister and brother go to the same school?”She asked Nam.
=>She asked………………………………………………………………………….
5. “Do the children perform on TV?” Her mother asked her teacher.

=>Her mother asked………………………………………………………………….
6. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom.
=>She asked………………………………………………………………………….
7. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend.
=>He asked……………………………….………………………………………….
8. “Do you travel to school by bus?” Tam asked Peter.
=>Tam asked …………………………………………………………………….………….
9. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan.
=>Tuan asked…………………………………………………………………….…
10. “Do you need an umbrella to go out?” She asked me.
=>She asked………………………………………………………………………….
II-Rewriting these Wh-questions in reported speech:
1. “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me.
………………………………………………………………………………….………….
2. “How far is it from Ho Chi Minh city to Vung Tau?” A tourist asked.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………
3. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Lan.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………
4. “How long will you stay in England?” Tam’s friend asked him.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………
5. “What’s your hobby?” The teacher asked Lien.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………
6. “Why do you collect waste paper?” she asked Ba.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………
7. “When will you visit Ha Noi?” Hoa asked her parents.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………
8. “What language do you speak?” Mrs Brown asked Thu.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………
9. “What time do the schools begin?” He asked Mrs Brown.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………

10.“How do you go to the airport?” His friend asked him.
……………………………………………………………………………………
III- Put the following sentences into reported speech:
1. “Where are you studying?” Mr.Bruce asked.
………………………………………………………………………………….………
2.“Please call me at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning” said Mai.
………………………………………………………………………………….………
3. “Are you interested in this Language Center?” asked Lan.
………………………………………………………………………………….………
4. “We will spend our holiday in Da Lat next month” said Mrs. Chi.
16
………………………………………………………………………………….………
5. “Do you live here?” Liz asked.
………………………………………………………………………………….………
6. “What does your son want to learn?” The man said to Mr.Linh.
………………………………………………………………………………….………
7. “You must come today.” Hoa said.
………………………………………………………………………………….………
8. “I don’t understand what you are saying” Tom told us.
………………………………………………………………………………….………
9. “There isn’t any information about these colleges” Nam said.
………………………………………………………………………………….………
11. My mother said to me “I will give you a present”.
My mother said………………………………………………………………………
12. Mary said “ I will study in this school next year”.
Mary said………………………………………………………………………………
13. “ Give me the book, Mary” said the man.
- The man told……………………………………………………………………………
14. “ Pleace give some money, mum” said the boy.
- The boy told………………………………………………………………………………

15. “ Don’t stay here, boys” the man said.
- The man told………………………………………………………………………………….
16. Mary asked Tom: “ Are you a student?”
- Mary asked……………………………………………………………………………………
17. Have you revised your lesson?, said my mother.
- My mother asked……………………………………………………………………………….
18. “ Why do you like English?” She asked.
- She asked…………………………………………………………………………………………
Buæi 3: 9C:________________
9A,B:_______________
V¾ng 9C:____________________________________
9A,B:________________________________________
Chuyªn ®Ò 5 : passive voice (C©u bÞ ®éng)
1/ Form: Be + P
II
TT Thì Chủ động Bị động
1 Hiện tại thường S + V + O S
o
+ am/is/are +P
II
2 Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + Ving + O S
o
+ am/is/are/ + being + P
II
3 Quá khứ thường S + V
qk
+ O S
o
+ was/were + P
II

4 Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + Ving + O S
o
+ was/were + being + P
II
5
Hiện tại hoàn
thành
S + have/has + P
II
+ O S
o
+ have/has + been+ P
II
6 TL + ĐT khuyết
thiếu
Will/can/may/must
have to/ has to + V
be going to
Will/can/may/must
have to/ has to + be P
II
be going to
17
ought to ought to
2/ Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
S + V + O (Chủ động)
S
O
+ be+ P
II

+ + by + O (Bị động)
* Note: Cụm 'by + O" chỉ bắt buộc khi tân ngữ là danh từ riêng hoặc là cụm danh từ có tính từ sở hữu đi kèm.
3/ Phần dành cho lớp chọn:
7- BĐ của động từ có 2 tân ngữ: give, teach, tell, send, bring, make, pay (Thông thường
chuyển tân ngữ chỉ người lên làm chủ ngữ)
8- BĐ với câu hỏi đảo: Yes-No questions:
9- BĐ với câu hỏi có từ hỏi: Wh- questions
10- S
1
+ say/said
believe/believed + that S
2
+ V
2

think/thought
C1 => It + is/was + PII
(V1)
+ that + S
2
+ V
2

C2 => S
2
+ be + PII
(V1)
+ to + V2
nt
(Nếu V2 ở hiện tại/HTTD)

have + PII
(V2)
(Nếu V2 ở qk/HTHT)
11- BĐ với chủ ngữ có từ No: Chuyển sang bị động phải ở thể phủ định
12- S + make/made + O + Vnt + => S
o
+ is/are was/were + made + to Vnt +
13- S+ Have/has/had + O + Vnt + N => S
o
+ Have/has/had + N + P
II
+
1- Th× hiÖn t¹i th êng:§æi c¸c c©u sau sang thÓ bÞ ®éng:
1. Mary does some exercises everyday.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. My aunt doesn’t make a good cake.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Workers repair the roof of my school.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Alice visits her grandparents every week.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Does Tom break that window?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- C©u bÞ ®éng cña c¸c ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu:§æi c¸c c©u sau sang thÓ bÞ ®éng:
1.You mustn't use this machine .
___________________________________________________________________________
2.They will build a new house.
___________________________________________________________________________
3.The teacher can give him good marks.

18
____________________________________________________________________________
4.I can't learn English very well.
____________________________________________________________________________
5.I am going to phone you.
__________________________________________________________________________
3-Th× qu¸ khø th êng:§æi c¸c c©u sau sang thÓ bÞ ®éng:
1.Tolstoy wrote "War and peace".
_______________________________________________________________________
2.Hemingway didn't write "Hamlet".
________________________________________________________________________
3.Did Shakespeare write "Hamlet"?
__________________________________________________________________________
4.Bod Smith built that house.
___________________________________________________________________________
5.They opened the factory at 9 o'clock.
__________________________________________________________________________
4. Th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh:§æi c¸c c©u sau sang d¹ng bÞ ®éng:
1.My brother has written a lot of plays.
_______________________________________________________
2.He has just finished his second tragedy.
_______________________________________________________
3.I haven’t done my homework.
_______________________________________________________
4.You have just seen the moon.
_______________________________________________________
5.He has read that book since he was a boy.
________________________________________________________
5. C¸c th× tiÕp diÔn:
1.She is reading a book.

______________________________________________________________________
2.They were singing a song.
______________________________________________________________________
3.I am buying two pens.
______________________________________________________________________
4.Hung is learning Enlish.
______________________________________________________________________
5.Lan was collecting the gabages.
______________________________________________________________________
6- BĐ của động từ có 2 tân ngữ: give, teach, tell, send, bring, make, pay (Thông thường chuyển
tân ngữ chỉ ngườ lên làm chủ ngữ
1, They paid me a lot of money to do the job.
2, The teacher gave us two exercises yesterday.
3, He brought me a cup of tea.
4, Mr Huan teaches us English.
5, They/ gave /Linda/ a prize for one of her books.
7. BĐ với câu hỏi đảo: Yes-No questions:
1. Do they teach English here?
2. Will you invite her to your wedding party?
3. Is she going to write a poem?
4. Have they changed the window of the library?
19
8. BĐ với câu hỏi có từ hỏi: Wh- questions
1. Where do people speak English?
2. How can they open this safe?
3. How long have they wait for the doctor?
4. How many games have the team played?
5. What books are people reading this year?
9. S1 + say/said believe/believed + that MĐ
1. People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.

2. They think that he has died for many years.
3. They say that John is the biggest student in class.
4. They thought that she won the first prize.
5. People said that he was living in London.
10. BĐ với chủ ngữ có từ No: Chuyển sang bị động phải ở thể phủ định
1. No one signed this cheque.
2. Nobody has seen Tim since he left school in 1990.
3. Nobody saw her at the party last night …………………………………………………
4. No one could do anything to put the fire out …………………………………………………
5. Nobody will solve this hard problem.
11. S+ Have/has/had + O + Vnt + N => S+ Have/has/had + N + P
II
+
1. I had my brother repair my computer yesterday
2. My mother got me to buy some sugar.
3. He had the man clean his motorbike.
4. Ellen got Mary to type her paper.
5. We got him paint my house last week.
12. S + make/made + o + V
nt
+ => S
2
+ is/are was/were + made + to V

nt
+
VD: “She made me do a lot of homework => I was made to do a lot of homework.
13. Turn into the passive voice:
1. The stunami destroyed a large area in Japan last year.
________________________________________________________

2. People speak English in many countries over the world.
________________________________________________________
3. The workers are painting the house green.
_______________________________________________________
4. You must finish these exercises before 4 o’clock.
________________________________________________________
5. They have built a new airport.
________________________________________________________
6. Tom had a machanic repair his car.
________________________________________________________
7. He can’t repair my bike.
________________________________________________________
8. We got some workers paint our house last week.
________________________________________________________
9. Vietnam exports rice to many countries.
________________________________________________________
20
10. Nobody can give a better solution to this problem.
________________________________________________________
14. Cho d¹ng ®óng cña ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc:
1.Newspapers(read) by over 200.000 people everyday._________________________
2.The Eiffel Tower (visit) by millions of people every year.______________________
3.I (clean) my house in the morning._______________________________________
4.You should (study) harder.____________________________________
5.Lan loves (read) books in the library.____________________________________
6.Hoa asks her brother (not/ play) games.____________________________________
7.You (see) our new English teacher yet?____________________________________
8. Lan’s grandparents (visit) by her next week.____________________________________
9. My sister (practice) her music lesson now.____________________________________
10.Lan’s letter (send) since last month. .________________________

11.Yesterday our teacher (arrive) 5 minutes late.____________________________________
13.When I (arrive) at the airport yesterday, I (meet) by my family.________________________
14.A new school (build) in our village last month.____________________________________
15.Peter (do) this work last week. _______________________________________________
16.That homework (do) by Tom._________________________________________________
18.They (write) this essay yesterday.______________________________________________
19.This computer (buy) yesterday by my father. ____________________________________
20.I (clean) my house everyday._________________________________________________
21.I (live) here since I was born. .________________________
22.I( read) his books when I was at school. .________________________
23.I cant go out because I (not do) my homework yet. .________________________
24.Alot of plays (write) by Shakepeare. .________________________
25.I (not see) her for three years. .________________________
26.The moon (see) last night by Hoa. .________________________
27.She (spend) my holiday here since last week. .________________________
28.You (have) breakfast yet? .________________________
29.Hung just (play) video games. .________________________
Chuyªn ®Ò 6 : tag questions (C©u hái ®u«i)
Mệnh đề chính
(Khẳng Định)
Phần hỏi đuôi
(Phủ Định)
Mệnh đề chính
(Khẳng phủ định)
Phần hỏi đuôi
(Khẳng Định)
Am/are Aren’t Aren't Are
Is Isn’t Isn’t is
Vnt/ Don’t Don’t do
Vs/es Doesn’t Doesn’t does

Vqk Didn’t Didn’t did
Can Can’t Can’t Can
Will Won’t Won’t Will
Have/ has + PII Haven’t/ hasn’t Haven’t/ hasn’t + PII Have/ has
* Notes:
- Nếu chủ ngữ là các danh từ thì chủ ngữ ở hỏi đuôi phải đổi thành các đại từ nhân xưng tương ứng. Chủ ngữ
là there thì ở hỏi đuôi vẫn là: there
- Let’s + thì hỏi đuôi là: shall we
- I’m hoặc I am thì hỏi đuôi là: aren’t I
* Phần dành cho lớp chọn:
- Nếu trong câu có các từ phủ định như: never, no,none, noone,nobody, nothing, hardly, rarely, without…
thì phần hỏi đuôi ở khẳng định.
21
- Chủ ngữ là nobody, somebody, everybody, no one, someone, or everyone thì chủ ngữ ở hỏi đuôi là
they.
- Chủ ngữ là nothing thì chủ ngữ hỏi đuôi là it
EX1. Viết phần đuôi của các câu hỏi sau:
1. It isn’t ready yet, ………………… ……………… ?
2. We must hurry, ……………….……………… …….?
3. They won’t stop long, …………………… ………….?
4. You asked for mustard, ………………… ………… ?
5. She speaks too quickly, ………………………… … ?
6. He will arrive soon, …………………… …………….?
7. They told me a lie, …………………………… ……?
8. It can’t be so bad, …………………………… ……?
9. It was a pity, ………………………………… ……?
10. They have sold the house, ……………………… ….?
11. You are leaving here tomorrow, ………………… ……?
12. You can’t come next week, …………………… …….?
13. He should have come home earlier, ……………… …?

14. We need some more sugar, …………………… ………?
15. He used to live near here, …………………………… ?
16. He shouldn’t put so much salt in it, …………………… ……?
17. You have read this article on the website, …………………… ……?
18. You don’t read this article on the website, ………………… ………?
19. You mustn’t do that again, …………………… ……?
20. You have heard about that, ……………… ?
* Nếu chủ ngữ là các danh từ thì chủ ngữ ở hỏi đuôi phải đổi thành các đại từ nhân xưng tương ứng
1. Ba’s village lies near the foot of the moutain, _______________?
2. Mary is reading a book in her room, ……………… ?
3. His parents won’t buy him a new game, ……………… ?
4. Nam did the work well, ……………… ?
5. Daisy has seen that films several times, _______________?
6. Her daughter doesn’t spend time surfing the web, _______________?
7. Those men never worked on a farm, _______________?
8. People of different ages like this magazine, _______________?
9. Interactive TV is available now, _______________?
10. Our teachers have taken inspiration from some minorities, ______________?
11. Hung and I can eat those cakes, _______________?
12. His children may swim, _______________?
13. Nam and Binh have to study harder, _______________?
14. Women today often prefer to wear modern clothing at work, ____________?
15. The Parkers had a picnic on the river bank, _______________?
16. Lan used to walk past the mosque on her way to primary school, _________?
17. My sister has to make this room tidy, _______________?
18. This poet has mentioned the ao dai in poems, _______________?
19. Linh didn’t feel confident in her favorite clothes, _______________?
20. The two cities are not the same in some ways, _______________?
* No/never
1. Nobody wrote poems yesterday, did they?

2. Nothing could be done, ……………… ?
3. Nobody understands what the lady over there says, ………………… …………?
4. Nothing makes you bored, …………………… ………?
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5. She never tells the truth, …….………………… ……?
6. The woman seldom writes poems and stories, ….……………… ……?
7. They never go to the theatre, ……………… ?
* Let’s + thì hỏi đuôi là: shall we
1. Let’s listen to the radio, shall we?
2. Let’s forget unhappy things, ……………… ?
3. Let’s sing it again, ……………………… ……?
4. Let’s dance together, ………………………… …?
* I’m hoặc I am thì hỏi đuôi là: aren’t I
1) I am clever, ……………… ?
2) I am wearing wrong shoes, ……………… ……………… ?
3) I’m late for the party, ……………… ?
* Chủ ngữ là there thì ở hỏi đuôi vẫn là: there
1) There’s an examination tomorrow, ……………… ?
2) There are many religions in Malasia, ……………… ……………… ?
* YES-NO QUESTION AND TAG-QUESTION (TĐT+ S + V……? <=> S + V, TĐT not + S?)
1. Do you like English?
=> You ……………… ?
2. You have read this novel, haven’t you?
=> Have you ………………………… …… ?
3. Can you use this computer?
 You can ……………… ?
Buæi 4: 9C:________________
9A,B:_______________
V¾ng 9C:____________________________________
9A,B:________________________________________

Chuyªn ®Ò 7 : suggestions (C©u gîi ý)
C©u gîi ý §ång ý Kh«ng ®ång ý
Let’s
Shall + we
Why + don’t + we + V-nd
S1 + think + S2 + should
S1 + suggest + (that) + S2 + should
It would be better if + S
How about/ what about + N/ V-ing……….?
S + suggest + V-ing……………
-Yes, let’s.
-OK. Good idea.
-Great. Go ahead.
-That’s a good idea.
-No, let’s not.
-No. I don’t want to.
-I don’t think it’s a good
idea.
1- Give the correct form of the verbs:
1, I suggested (go) ……………………………………… to a restaurant by the seaside.
2, I suggest (take) ……………………………… …… a shower instead of a bath.
3, He suggests they ( make) ……………………………………… posters on energy saving.
4, How about ( save)………………………………… …… energy.
5, I suggest (use) ………………………………………… water economically.
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2- Choose the best answer:
1, I think you ………… wear your best clothes to the party.
A ought B should C must D could
2, I suggest ………… off the lights before going out.
A turn B to turn C turned D turning

3, She suggested that we …… … walk to school.
A should B will C can D had better
4, What about ……… soccer this afternoon.
A play B playing C to play D played
5, I suggest …………. Some money for poor children.
A raise B to raise C raising D raised
6, Let’s ……… up the beach.
A clean B to clean C cleaned D cleaning
7, He suggests………… a shower to save water.
A take B took C taking D taken
8, Let’s go somewhere for a drink, …………….?
A shall we B do we C will we D did we
3- Rewrite these sentences.
1, Shall wego to the cinema tonight?
=> What ……………………………………………………………………………….?
2, Let’s invite Teddy to the party on Saturday.
=> I suggest …………………………………………………………………………….
3, I think we should speak English in the class.
I suggest …………………………………………………………………………………
4, Why don’t we use banana leaves to wrap food.
=> He suggests ………………………………………………………………………….
5, Let’s put the garbage bins around the schoolyard.
=> I suggest ………………………………………………………………………………
6 How about reducing the amount of water we use everyday?
=> I think …………………………………………………………………………………
7, What about going to work by bikes instead of motorbikes to save energy?
=> Shall we ……………………………………………………………………………….?
8, “Let’s use fewer plastic bags.” She said.
=> She suggested …………………………………………………………………………
4- Complete these sentences using the words given.

1, He/ suggested / go / night club.
=> …………………………………………………………………………………………….
2, Some boys / suggest / go out / dinner.
=> …………………………………………………………………………………………….
3, The teacher / suggest / use / lotus leaves / wrap / food.
=> …………………………………………………………………………………………….
4, She / suggest / use / gas / instead / burn / coal / for/ cook
=> …………………………………………………………………………………………….
5, I / suggest / you / stay / inside / recess.
=> …………………………………………………………………………………………….
6, I suggest / that / you / collect / all / bags.
=> …………………………………………………………………………………………….
Chuyªn ®Ò 8 : connectives (tõ nèi)
M«t sè c«ng thøc tiÕng anh THCS
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And, or, but: đợc gọi là liên từ tập hợp. Dùng để nối 2 từ, 2 cụm từ hay hai mệnh đề cùng loại, cùng chức
năng hay cùng cấu trúc.
and : và, còn (dùng để thêm thông tin bổ sung).
(Có thể dùng not onlybut also: không những .mà còn : để viết lại)
+He is handsome and generous. (adj + adj)
or : hay, hoặc (Diễn tả sự lựa chọn, thờng ở dạng câu hỏi).
+Do you study English or history ?
So/ therefore: Diễn tả hậu quả, Therefore: có thể đứng sau dấu chấm, dấu phẩy, dấu hai chấm hoặc
sau chủ ngữ.
+He is busy, so he cant help you.
= He is busy.Therefore, he cant help you.
Because, As, Since: Bởi vì (diễn tả nguyên nhân)
Because, As, Since + S + V , S + V
*Rút gọn mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ nguyên nhân:
-Có thể rút gọn thành cụm từ chỉ nguyên nhân với cụm giới từ:

*Chủ ngữ ở 2 mệnh đề phải trùngnhau:
Because + S + be + adj Ex:Nam failed the exam because he was lazy
=> Because of + TTSH + Noun => Nam failed the exam because of his laziness.
+Danh động từ => Nam failed the exam because of being lazy.
*Chủ ngữ ở 2 mệnh đề không trùng nhau:
+Vật, sự việc:
Because + Noun + be + adj They cant go fishing because the weather is bad.
=> Because of + the + adj + Noun They cant go fishing because of the bad weather.
+Ngời:
Because + TTSH + N+ be + adj/ V3. He couldnt go to school because his leg was broken.
=> Because of + TTSH + adj /V3 + Noun He couldnt go to school because of his broken leg.
but: nối 2 ý tơng phản nhau.
+He is fat but his brother is thin.
However: tuy nhiên. = But : Diễn tả sự tơng phản, nhng luôn dùng để nối 2 mệnh đề.
+He is 70. However, hes still active.
Even though, Though, Although : mặc dù: diễn tả sự trái ng ợc
Even though
Though + S + V , S + V
Although
=>Có thể rút gọn:
Despite + V-ing/ noun phrase
In spite of + the fact that + S + V., S + V
-Chú ý: -Công thức rút gọn +V-ing: dùng khi hai mệnh đề trùng chủ ngữ.
-Công thức rút gọn + Noun phrase: dùng khi hai mệnh đề trùng chủ ngữ. hoặc không trùng chủ ngữ.
+Trờng hợp rút gọn:
*Trùng chủ ngữ:
Ex: He is ill but he goes to school.
=>Despite/ In spite of being ill, he goes to school.
=>In spite of/ Despite his illness, he goes to school.
*Không trùng chủ ngữ:

Ex: The weather is bad but we go to the beach.
=>In spite of/ Despite the bad weather, we go to the beach.
Môt số công thức tiếng anh THCS
Chỉ mục đích: để/ để không:
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