handbook of preparative inorganic chemistry brauer

HANDBOOK
OF
PREPARATIVE
INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
VOLUME 1 • SECOND EDITION
Edited
by
GEORG BRAUER
PROFESSOR OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG
TRANSLATED BY SCRIPTA TECHNICA, INC.
TRANSLATION EDITOR
REED
F.
RILEY
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY
POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF BROOKLYN
1963
ACADEMIC PRESS • New York • London
COPYRIGHT © 1963 BY ACADEMIC PRESS INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM
BY
PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, OR ANY OTHER MEANS,
WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS.
ACADEMIC PRESS INC.
Ill FIFTH AVENUE
NEW YORK 3, N. Y.
United Kingdom Edition
Published by

ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD.
BERKELEY SQUARE HOUSE, LONDON W. 1
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:
63-14307
Translated from the German
HANDBUCH DER PRAPARATIVEN ANORGANISCHEN CHEMIE
BD.
1, 884 pp., 1960
Published by
FERDINAND ENKE VERLAG, STUTTGART
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
From
the
Preface
to the
First Edition
For many years,
the
inorganic section
of the
"Handbook
of
Preparative Chemistry"
by L.
Vanino
was a
laboratory standard.
By
1940,
however,

the
third
(and
last) edition
of the
handbook
was
no longer
in
print. Rather than simply reissue
the
Vanino manual,
the Ferdinand Enke Press projected
a
completely
new
book:
in
contrast
to the old, the new
work would
be
written
by a
number
of
inorganic chemists, each
a
specialist
in the

given field.
As editor,
the
publishers were able
to
obtain
the
services
of
Prof.
Robert Schwartz.
It was Prof.
Schwartz
who
laid down what
was
to be the
fundamental guideline
for all
subsequent work: that
only those procedures were
to be
included which
had
been tested
and confirmed
in
laboratory practice. Concerning
the
choice

of sub-
stances, while
not
pretending
to be
exhaustive,
the
book would
cover most
of the
compounds
of
inherent scientific interest
or of
importance
for
purposes
of
instruction.
At the
same time,
it
was clearly apparent that
the
common commercial chemicals,
as well
as
those whose preparations require only
the
simplest

chemical operations, need
not be
included.
The organization
of the
work took account
of the
broad scope
and varied nature
of
contemporary preparative inorganic chemistry.
The increasingly rigorous purity requirements,
the use of
unstable
substances
and
those sensitive
to air and
moisture,
the
employ-
ment
of
ultralow
and
ultrahigh temperatures
and
pressures,
etc.,
have increasingly complicated

the
experimental apparatus
and
techniques. Thus,
in the
introductory part (Preparative Methods)
the authors have endeavored
to
assemble
a
number
of
experimental
techniques
and
special apparatus that
can be
extended
to
applications
much more general than
the
original purposes
for
which they were
designed. This
is
complemented
by an
Index

of
Techniques
at
the
end of the
work. This index links
the
contents
of
Part
I
with
the various experimental procedures distributed throughout
the
work. Space considerations have forced abridgments
in
several
places. Thus,
a
literature reference must often take
the
place
of
a
more detailed description. Occasionally, different researchers
have solved
a
given problem
by
different experimental techniques.

Here again
a
reference
to the
literature
is in
order. Naturally,
the choice
of
preferred method
is
always
a
subjective decision
of
the individual experimenter. Thus,
our own
selection
may not
always seem correct
or
adequate
to
every inorganic chemist.
As
is
customary, please forward
any
pertinent criticism
to

either
the editor
or
publisher.
It
will
be
gratefully received.
Vi PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
What has been said above also holds true for Part II (Elements
and Compounds) and even more so for Part III (Special Groups of
Substances). In every case the decision as to inclusion or omission
was dictated by considerations of available space. Here, again, the
editor would be grateful for any suggestions or criticisms.
Preface to the Second Edition
The first edition of the Handbook of Preparative Inorganic
Chemistry was intended to fill a gap in the existing literature.
Because it accomplished its mission so well, it has won wide
respect and readership. Thus, the authors have been persuaded to
issue a second, revised and enlarged edition, even though a relatively
brief period has elapsed since the appearance of the first.
The present edition is much more than a revision of the previous
work.
Several sections had to be completely rewritten; in a number of
cases,
the choice of compounds to be included has been changed;
above all, recently developed processes, methods and apparatus
could not be neglected. The reader will note also that several new
authors have cooperated in this venture.
Thus,

we are presenting what is in many respects a com-
pletely new work. Most of the preparative methods presented here
have either been verified by repetition in the author's own laboratory
or checked and rechecked in those of our collaborators. We trust
that the reader will benefit from the improved reliability and
reproducibility that this affords.
The editorial work could not have been completed without the
invaluable help of Dr. H. B'arninghausen, Miss G. Boos, and my
wife,
Doris Brauer. Credit for the careful layout of the more than
eighty new or revised drawings found in the book goes to Mrs. U.
Sporkert. To all of my co-workers, advisers, colleagues and
friends who have given their assistance, I wish to extend my
heartfelt thanks.
Freiburg, April 1960 G. Brauer
Translation Editor's Preface
The Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry byG. Brauer
has been a valuable addition to the detailed preparative literature
for some years largely because of the number and diversity of me-
thods which are contained in its pages. The translation of this
work, therefore, will simplify the task of synthesis for chemists
whose German is less than proficient.
Because laboratory practice, as outlined in Part I of the Hand-
book, is in some ways different from laboratory practice in the
United States a number of additions and omissions have been made
in the translated text. These include: (1) the removal of the names
of German suppliers and trade names and the substitution of Amer-
ican trade names and suppliers, the latter only occasionally, (2)
conversion of German glass and ground-glass joint sizes to their
American equivalents, (3) substitution throughout the text of "liquid

nitrogen" for "liquid air", (4) improvement in the nomenclature
where it was judged unclear. In addition, certain brief sections
have been omitted or rewritten when the practice or equipment de-
scribed was outmoded or so different as to be inapplicable in the
United States.
It is hoped that these changes have been consistent and wise de-
spite the diffusion of responsibility for the production of a book of
this size.
Reed F. Riley
Brooklyn, New York
August, 1963
vii
Conversion
of
Concentration Units
D
st
= density of solvent
D
sn
= density of solution
D
se
= density of solute
M
s
t = molecular weight of solvent
M
se
= molecular weight of solute

a
b
c
d
Unit
g./lOO ml.
solvent
g./lOOg.
solvent
g./100 ml.
solution
g. /100 g. solution
(wt. %)
a
a
a
100 • a • D
sn
(100.D
st
)+a
100-
a
(100 • D,,,.) + a
b
b-D
st
b
100 • b . D
sn

100+ b
100 . b
100+ b
c
100 . c • Djt
(100 • D
sn
)-c
100 • c
(100 • D
sn
)-c
c
c
Dsn
d
100 • d . D
st
100—d
100-d
100-d
d.D
sn
d
d
e
f
g./lOO g. solution
(wt. %)
ml./100 ml. solution

(vol. %)
moles/100 moles
solution (mole %)
d
d
d - D
sn
100
/lOO—d\M
se
1
'\ d /M
st
e
e.D
se
D
sn
e
100
A°0.D
sn
\M
se
X
e • D
se
7 M
st
f

100
/•I
00—
fW
st
1
'\ f /M
se
100 . D
sn
/D
se
/lOO-f\Mst
1
'V f /M
se
f
mole fraction = moles of solute/total moles =7™
molality = moles of solute/1000 g. of solvent = -
molarity = moles of solute/1000 ml. of solution = *° *
c
Example:
The
concentration
of a
solution
of
sulfur
in
carbon

disulfide (15°C, given
D
sn
= 1.35,
D
st
=1.26,
D
se
=
2.07)
is 24.0 g.
S/100
ml. CS
8
or 19.05 g. S/100 g. CS
2
or 21.6 g. S/100 ml.
solution
or 16.0 g. S /100 g.
solution
or 16.0 wt.
%
or 10.4 vol. %
or
31.2
mole
%.
viii
Contents

FROM THE PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION v
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION vi
TRANSLATION EDITOR'S PREFACE vii
CONVERSION OF CONCENTRATION UNITS
viii
Part
I
Preparative Methods
PREPARATIVE METHODS
3
Assembly
of
Apparatus
4
Glass
5
Ceramic Materials
12
Metals
17
Plastics
25
Pure Solvents
25
Mercury
27
Sealing Materials
and
Lubricants
28

High Temperatures
32
Low Temperatures
42
Constant Temperature
45
Temperature Measurement
49
High Vacuum
and
Exclusion
of Air 53
Special Vacuum Systems
66
Gases
77
Liquefied Gases
as
Solvent Media
86
Electrical Discharges
90
Purification
of
Substances
91
Analysis
of
Purity
100

Powder Reactions
103
Part
II
Elements
and
Compounds
SECTION
I.
HYDROGEN,
DEUTERIUM,
WATER Ill
Hydrogen
H Ill
Pure Water
117
Deuterium
and
Deuterium Compounds
119
Deuterium
D
s
121
ix
X CONTENTS
Hydrogen Deuteride HD 126
Deuterium Fluoride DF 127
Deuterium Chloride DC1 129
Deuterium Bromide DBr 131

Deuterium Iodide DI 133
Deuterium Sulfide D
a
S 134
Deuterosulfuric Acid D
8
SO
4
135
Deuteroammonia ND
3
137
Deuterophosphoric Acid DgPO^ 138
SECTION 2. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 140
Hydrogen Peroxide H
3
O
a
140
SECTION 3. FLUORINE, HYDROGEN FLUORIDE 143
Fluorine F
3
143
Hydrogen Fluoride HF 145
SECTION 4. FLUORINE COMPOUNDS 150
General Remarks 150
Chlorine Monofluoride C1F 153
Chlorine Trifluoride C1F
3
155

Bromine Trifluoride BrF
3
156
Bromine Pentafluoride BrF
B
158
Iodine Pentafluoride IF
B
159
Iodine Heptafluoride IF
7
160
Dioxygen Difluoride O
s
F
a
162
Oxygen Difluoride OF
S
163
Chlorine Dioxide Fluoride C1O
S
F 165
Chlorine Trioxide Fluoride C1O
3
F 166
Chlorine Tetroxide Fluoride C1O
4
F 167
Sulfur Tetrafluoride SF

4
168
Sulfur Hexafluoride SF
S
169
Thionyl Fluoride SOF
3
170
Thionyl Tetrafluoride SOF
4
171
Sulfuryl Fluoride SO
3
F 173
Trisulfuryl Fluoride
S
3
O
S
F
174
Thionyl Chloride Fluoride SOC1F 174
Sulfuryl Chloride Fluoride SO
3
C1F 175
Sulfuryl Bromide Fluoride SO
a
BrF 176
Fluorosulfonic Acid HSO
3

F 177
Potassium Fluorosulfinate KSO
a
F 178
Selenium Hexafluoride SeF
s
179
Selenium Tetrafluoride SeF
4
. 180
Tellurium Hexafluoride TeF
s
180
Nitrogen Trifluoride NF
3
181
Ammonium Fluoride NH
4
F 183
Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride NH^ • HF 183
CONTENTS
X
l
Nitrosyl Fluoride NOF 184
Nitrososulfuryl Fluoride FSO
a
NO 186
Nitryl Fluoride NO
S
F 186

Fluorine Nitrate NO
3
F 187
Phosphorus (IE) Fluoride PF
3
189
Phosphorus (V) Fluoride PF 190
Phosphorus Dichloride Fluoride PCl
a
F 191
Phosphorus Dichloride Trifluoride PCl
a
F
a
192
Phosphorus Oxide Trifluoride POF
3
193
Tetrachlorophosphonium Hexafluorophosphate (V)
PC1
4
• PF
S
193
Phosphonitrilic Fluorides (PNF
a
)
3
, (PNF
S

)
4
194
Ammonium Hexafluorophosphate (V) NH^Fg 195
Ammonium Difluorophosphate (V) NH^POgFa 196
Potassium Hexafluorophosphate (V) KPF
a
196
Arsenic (III) Fluoride AsF
3
197
Arsenic (V) Fluoride AsF
B
198
Antimony (III) Fluoride SbF
3
199
Antimony (V) Fluoride SbF
B
200
Antimony Dichloride Trifluoride SbCl
a
F
3
200
Bismuth (III) Fluoride BiF
3
201
Bismuth (V) Fluoride BiF
B

202
Carbon Tetrafluoride CF
4
203
Trifluoromethane CHF
3
204
Trifluoroiodomethane CIF
3
205
Carbonyl Fluoride COF
3
206
Carbonyl Chlorofluoride COC1F 208
Carbonyl Bromofluoride COBrF 210
Carbonyl Iodofluoride COIF 211
Silicon Tetrafluoride SiF
4
212
Trifluorosilane SiHF
3
214
Hexafluorosilicic Acid H
8
SiF
s
214
Germanium Tetrafluoride GeF
4
215

Potassium Hexafluorogermanate K
3
GeF
6
216
Tin (II) Fluoride SnF
s
217
Tin (IV) Fluoride SnF
4
217
Lead (II) Fluoride PbF
8
218
Lead (IV) Fluoride PbF
4
219
Boron Trifluoride BF
3
219
Fluoroboric Acid HBF
4
221
Sodium Fluoroborate NaBF
4
222
Potassium Fluoroborate KBF
4
223
Potassium Hydroxyfluoroborate KBF

3
OH 223
Nitrosyl Fluoroborate NOBF
4
224
Aluminum Fluoride 225
Ammonium Hexafluoroaluminate (NH^gAlFg 226
Ammonium Tetrafluoroaluminate NH4A1F
4
227
Xll CONTENTS
Gallium (III) Fluoride GaF
3
227
Ammonium Hexafluorogallate (NH4)
3
(GaF
6
) 228
Indium (III) Fluoride InF
3
228
Ammonium Hexafluoroindate (NH4)
3
(InF
s
) 229
Thallium (I) Fluoride T1F 230
Thallium (III) Fluoride T1F
3

230
Beryllium Fluoride BeF
s
231
Ammonium Tetrafluoroberyllate (NH
4
)
3
BeF
4
232
Magnesium Fluoride MgF
s
232
Calcium Fluoride CaF
3
233
Strontium Fluoride SrF
3
234
Barium Fluoride BaF
a
234
Lithium Fluoride LiF 235
Sodium Fluoride NaF 235
Potassium Fluoride KF 236
Potassium Hydrogen Fluoride KF • HF 237
Potassium Tetrafluorobromate (III) KBrF
4
237

Potassium Hexafluoroiodate (V) KIF
S
238
Copper (II) Fluoride CuF 238
Silver Subfluoride Ag
a
F 239
Silver Fluoride AgF 240
Silver (II) Fluoride AgF
a
241
Zinc Fluoride ZnF
a
242
Cadmium Fluoride CdF
a
243
Mercury (I) Fluoride Hg
a
F
a
243
Mercury (II) Fluoride HgF
s
244
Scandium Fluoride ScF
3
245
Yttrium Fluoride YF
3

.' 246
Lanthanum Fluoride LaF
3
246
Cerium (III) Fluoride CeF
3
247
Cerium (IV) Fluoride CeF
4
247
Europium (II)Fluoride EuF
a
248
Titanium (III) Fluoride TiF
3
248
Titanium (IV) Fluoride TiF
4
250
Zirconium (IV) Fluoride ZrF
4
251
Vanadium (III) Fluoride VF
3
252
Vanadium (IV) Fluoride VF
4
252
Vanadium (V) Fluoride VF
B

253
Niobium (V) Fluoride NbF
B
254
Potassium Heptafluoroniobate (V) K
a
NbF
7
255
Tantalum (V) Fluoride TaF
5
255
Potassium Heptafluorotantalate (V)
K
s
TaF
256
Chromium (II) Fluoride CrF
s
256
Chromium (III) Fluoride CrF
3
257
Chromium (IV) Fluoride CrF
4
258
Chromyl Fluoride CrO
a
F
a

258
Molybdenum (VI) Fluoride MoF
8
259
CONTENTS
Xlll
Tungsten (VI) Fluoride WF
S
260
Uranium (IV) Fluoride UF
4
261
Uranium (VI) Fluoride UF
S
262
Manganese (II) Fluoride MnF
a
262
Manganese (III) Fluoride MnF
3
263
Potassium Hexafluoromanganate (IV) K
3
MnF
s
264
Rhenium (VI) Fluoride ReF
8
264
Iron (II) Fluoride FeF

a
266
Iron (III) Fluoride FeF
3
266
Cobalt (II) Fluoride CoF
s
267
Cobalt (HI) Fluoride CoF
3
268
Nickel (II) Fluoride NiF 269
Potassium Hexafluoronickelate (IV) K
3
NiF
s
269
Iridium (VI) Fluoride IrF
s
270
SECTION
5.
CHLORINE,
BROMINE,
IODINE
272
Chlorine Cl
8
272
Chlorine Hydrate Cl

a
. 6 H
a
O 274
Bromine Br
s
275
Bromine Hydrate Br
8
• 8 H
a
O 276
Iodine 1 277
Hydrogen Chloride HC1 280
Hydrogen Bromide HBr 282
Hydrogen Iodide HI 286
Ammonium Iodide NH41 289
Potassium Iodide KI 290
Iodine Monochloride IC1 290
Iodine Monobromide IBr 291
Iodine Trichloride IC1
3
292
Polyhalides 293
Potassium Triiodide KI
3
• H
a
O 294
Cesium Dichlorobromide CsBrClg . .' 294

Potassium Dichloroiodide
KIC1
8
295
Cesium Dichloroiodide CsICl
a
296
Potassium Dibromoiodide KIBr
a
296
Cesium Dibromoiodide CsIBr
a
297
Potassium Tetrachloroiodide
KIC1
4
298
Tetrachloroiodic Acid
HIC1
4
• 4 H
a
O 299
Dichlorine Oxide Cl
a
O 299
Chlorine Dioxide C1O
S
301
Dichlorine Hexoxide Cl

a
O
6
303
Dichlorine Heptoxide Cl
a
O
7
304
Bromine Oxides 306
Diiodine Pentoxide I
a
O
5
307
Hypochlorous Acid HC1O 308
Sodium Hypochlorite NaCIO . 5 H
a
O 309
Sodium Hypobromite NaBrO • 5 H
a
O 310
XiV
CONTENTS
Potassium Hypobromite KBrO • 3 H
8
O 311
Sodium Chlorite NaClO
a
• 3 H

a
O 312
Chloric Acid HC1O
3
312
Ammonium Chlorate NH
4
C10
3
313
Barium Chlorate Ba(ClO
3
)
a
• H
a
O 314
Bromic Acid HBrO
3
315
Barium Bromate Ba(BrO
3
)
a
. H
8
O 316
Iodic Acid HIO
3
316

Perchloric Acid HC1O
4
318
Alkaline Earth Perchlorates 320
Nitrosyl Perchlorate NOC1O
4
320
Nitryl Perchlorate NO
3
C1O
4
321
Periodic Acid H
B
IO
S
322
Sodium Periodates Na
3
H
a
IO
s
, NaIO
4
323
Potassium Periodate KIO
4
325
Barium Periodate BagH^IOg), . 326

Chlorine Nitrate C1NO
3
326
Dipyridineiodine (I) Perchlorate [I(C
B
H
B
N)
3
]C1O
4
327
Bromine (III) Nitrate Br(NO
3
)
3
328
Iodine (III) Nitrate I(NO
3
)
3
329
Iodine (III) Sulfate I^SO^g 329
Iodine (III) Perchlorate IfClO^a 330
Iodine (III) Iodate I(IO
3
)
3
or I
4

O
g
331
Oxoiodine (III) Sulfate (IO)
3
SO
4
• H
a
O 332
Diiodine Tetroxide IO • IO
3
or I
a
O
4
333
SECTION
6.
OXYGEN,
OZONE
334
Oxygen O
a
334
Ozone O
3
337
SECTION
7.

SULFUR,
SELENIUM,
TELLURIUM
341
Sulfur S 341
Hydrogen Sulfide H
a
S 344
Crude Sulfane H
a
S
x
346
Pure Sulfanes 349
Ammonium Hydrogen Sulfide NH^S 357
Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide NaHS 357
Sodium Sulfide NagS 358
Potassium Sulfide K
a
S 360
Sodium Disulfide Na
a
S 361
Potassium Disulfide K
a
S 363
Potassium Trisulfide K
a
S
3

364
Sodium Tetrasulfide Na
8
S
4
365
Potassium Tetrasulfide K
a
S
4
366
Sodium Pentasulfide Na
a
S
5
367
Potassium Pentasulfide K
8
S
B
367
Potassium Hexasulfide K
a
S
s
368
CONTENTS XV
Ammonium Pentasulfide (NH,4)
3
S

B
369
Dichloromonosulfane SC1
8
370
Dichlorodisulfane
S
3
C1
8
371
Dichlorotri-, -tetra-, -penta-, -hexa-, -hepta- and -octa-
sulfane
S
3
Cl
a
,
S
4
C1
3
, S
B
C1
8
, S
S
C1
3

, S
7
C1
8
,
S
8
C1 372
Dichlorotrisulfane
S
3
Cl
a
373
Dichlorotetrasulfane
S
4
C1
8
375
Sulfur Tetrachloride SC1
4
376
Dibromodisulfane
S
8
Br
8
377
Dibromotri-,-tetra-, -penta-, -hexa-, -hepta-and-octa-

sulfane
S
a
Br
8
,
sJ^T
a
,
S
B
Br
8
, S
s
Br
8
, S
7
Br
8
, S
8
Br
a
. 379
Lower Sulfur Oxides S
a
O, SO 379
Disulfur Trioxide

S
a
O
3
380
Polysulfur Peroxide (SO
3
_4)
X
382
Thionyl Chloride SOCl
a
382
Sulfuryl Chloride SO
8
C1 383
Chlorosulfonic Acid HSO
3
C1 385
Pyrosulfuryl Chloride S
8
O
B
C1
8
. 386
Thionyl Bromide SOBr
8
387
Peroxymonosulfuric Acid H

a
SO
B
388
Peroxydisulfuric Acid H
a
S
8
O
e
389
Ammonium Peroxydisulfate (NH4)
a
S
8
O
8
390
Potassium Peroxydisulfate K
a
S
a
O
e
392
Cobalt Sulfoxylate CoSO
s
• 3 H
8
O 393

Sodium Dithionite Na
a
S
8
O
4
• 2 H
8
O 393
Zinc Dithionite ZnS
a
O
4
394
Sodium Dithionate Na
a
S
a
O
s
• 2 H
a
O 395
Barium Dithionate BaS
8
O
6
• 2 H
a
O 397

Potassium Trithionate K
a
S
3
O
s
398
Potassium Tetrathionate K
a
S
4
O
e
399
Potassium Pentathionate K
8
S
B
O
6
• 1.5 H
8
O 401
Potassium Hexathionate K
a
S
s
O
s
403

Wackenroder Liquid 405
Polythionic Acids H
a
SxO
3
, H
a
S
x
O
8
405
Nitrosyl Hydrogen Sulfate (NO)HSO
4
406
Tetrasulfur Tetranitride 84^4 406
Tetrasulfur Dinitride S^
a
408
Disulfur Dinitride
S
8
N
8
409
Sulfur Nitride Tetrahydride S^NH)* 411
Heptasulfur Imide
S
7
NH

411
o-Sulfanuric Chloride [OS(N)C1]
3
412
Trisulfur Dinitrogen Dioxide S
3
N
a
O
8
413
Trisulfur Dinitrogen Pentoxide S
3
N
8
O
B
414
Selenium Se 415
Hydrogen Selenide H
a
Se 418
Sodium Hydrogen Selenide NaHSe 419
Sodium Selenide, Potassium Selenide Na
8
Se, K
8
Se 421
XVi
CONTENTS

Sodium Diselenide Na
8
Se
3
421
Diselenium Dichloride Se
3
Cl
8
422
Selenium Tetrachloride SeCl^ 423
Hexachloroselenium Salts 425
Diselenium Dibromide Se
3
Br
s
426
Selenium Tetrabromide SeBr
4
427
Selenium Dioxide SeO
3
428
Selenium Oxychloride SeOCl
3
429
Selenous Acid (anhydrous) H
s
SeO
3

430
Sodium Selenite Na
3
SeO
3
• 5 H
8
O 431
Selenic Acid H
3
SeO
4
432
Sodium Selenate Na
3
SeO
4
433
Sodium Selenopentathionate Na
s
SeS
4
O
s
• 3H
S
O 434
Selenium Sulfur Trioxide SeSO
3
435

Selenium Nitride Se^* 435
Tellurium Te 437
Colloidal Tellurium Solution 438
Hydrogen Telluride H
3
Te 438
Sodium Telluride, PotassiumTelluride
Na
3
Te, K
s
Te 441
Sodium Ditelluride Na
3
Te
3
442
Tellurium Tetrachloride TeCl^ 442
Hexachlorotellurium Salts 444
Tellurium Tetrabromide TeBr
4
445
Tellurium Tetraiodide Tel
4
447
Tellurium Dioxide TeO
3
447
Tellurous Acid H
s

TeO
3
449
Sodium Tellurite Na
3
TeO
3
449
Tellurium Trioxide TeO
3
450
Telluric Acid H
s
TeO
6
451
Sodium Tetrahydrogentellurate (VI) Na
3
H
4
TeO
8
453
Sodium Orthotellurate Na
8
TeO
a
453
Sodium Telluropentathionate Na
3

TeS
4
O
a
• 2 H
3
O 454
Tellurium Sulfur Trioxide TeSO
3
455
SECTION
8.
NITROGEN
457
Nitrogen N
3
457
Ammonia NH
3
460
Lithium Amide LiNH
s
463
Lithium Imide Li
8
NH 464
Sodium Amide NaNH
8
465
Hydrazinium Sulfate N

8
H
6
SO
4
468
Hydrazine Hydrate N
S
H
4
• H
3
O 469
Hydrazine N
3
H
4
469
Hydrazoic Acid HN
3
472
Azides 474
Chlorine Azide C1N
3
476
CONTENTS XVii
Monochloramine C1NH
S
477
Nitrogen Trichloride

NC1
3
479
Nitrogen Triiodide
and
Tribromide, Monobromamine
480
Thionyl Imide SONH
480
Sulfamide SO
a
(NH
3
)
a
482
Trisulfimide
and Its
Silver Salt
(SO
a
NH)
3
(SO
a
N)
3
Ag
3
•

3H
S
O
-483
Nitrous Oxide
N
3
O 484
Nitric Oxide
NO 485
Nitrogen Trioxide
N
a
O
3
487
Nitrogen Dioxide
NO
3
,
NgO*
488
Nitrogen Pentoxide
N
3
O
B
489
Nitric Acid HNO
3

491
Hyponitrous Acid H
s
N
a
O
3
492
Silver Hyponitrite Ag
3
N
s
O
3
493
Sodium Hyponitrite Na
a
N
3
O
a
• 9 H
3
O 495
Nitramide NH
3
NO
3
496
Hydroxylammonium Chloride (NH

3
OH)C1
498
Hydroxylammonium Salts
500
Hydroxylamine NH
S
OH
501
Potassium Hydroxylamine Disulfonate
HON(SO
3
K)
a
503
Potassium Dinitrososulfite K
3
SO
3
• (NO)
3
504
Potassium Nitrosodisulfonate ON(SO
3
K)
a
504
Potassium Nitrilosulfonate N(SO
3
K)

3
• 2 H
3
0 506
Potassium Imidosulfonate HN(SO
3
K)
3
506
Potassium Amidosulfonate H
3
NSO
3
K
507
Potassium Chloroimidosulfonate C1N(SO
3
K)
S
508
Amidosulfonic acid H
3
NSO
3
H
508
Potassium Hydrazinedisulfonate H
3
N
3

(SO
3
K)
3
509
Potassium Azodisulfonate N
S
(SO
3
K)
3
510
Hydroxylamineisomonosulfonic Acid NH
3
SO4.
510
Nitrosyl Chloride
NOC1 511
Nitrosyl Bromide NOBr
513
Nitryl Chloride NO
a
Cl
513
Sodium Nitrosyl NaNO
514
Sodium Nitroxylate Na
3
NO
3

515
Sodium Hyponitrate Na
a
N
a
O
3
517
SECTION
9.
PHOSPHORUS
518
White Phosphorus
P
4
518
Red Phosphorus
519
Black Phosphorus
522
Colloidal Phosphorus
524
Phosphine
and
Diphosphine
PH
3
P
a
H

4
525
Sodium Dihydrogenphosphide NaPH
8
530
Phosphonium Iodide
PHJ 531
xviii
CONTENTS
Thiophosphoryl Chloride
PSC1
3
532
Phosphoryl (V) Bromide POBr
3
534
Thiophosphoryl (V) Bromide PSBr
3
535
Diphosphoric Acid Tetrachloride P
a
O
3
Cl
4
536
Diphosphorus Tetraiodide P
S
I
4

539
Phosphorus (III) Iodide
PI
3
540
Phosphorus (V) Oxide P
a
O
B
(P
4
O
10
)
541
Orthophosphoric Acid H
3
PO
4
543
Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate NaH
3
P0
4
• 2 H
a
O
544
Potassium Phosphate K
3

PO
4
•
8
H
3
O
545
Hydroxyapatite Ca.
lo
(PO^
e
(OE)
s
545
Condensed Orthophosphates
546
Polyphosphates
549
Metaphosphates
552
Orthophosphorous Acid H
3
PO
3
554
Hypophosphorous Acid H
3
P0
3

555
Barium Hypophosphite Ba(H
3
PO
a
)
3
•
H
3
O
557
Hypophosphoric Acid H4P
3
O
S
558
Disodium Dihydrogen Hypophosphate
Na
3
H
s
P
3
O
s
• 6
H
S
O

560
Tetrasodium Hypophosphate Na^PgOg
•
10 H
a
O
561
Barium Dihydrogen Hypophosphite BaH
a
P
a
O
6
•
2 H
a
O.
. . 562
Potassium Peroxydiphosphate K4P
a
O
8
562
Phosphorus Trisulfide P4S3
563
Phosphorus Pentasulfide P4SB
565
Phosphorus Heptasulfide P4S
7
566

Diphosphorus Pentasulfide P
a
S
6
567
Monothiophosphoric Acid
H
3
PO
3
S
568
Sodium Monothiophosphate Na
3
PO
3
S
•
12 H
3
O
569
Sodium Dithiophosphate Na
3
PO
3
S
a
•
11 H

3
O
570
Barium Dithiophosphate Ba
3
(PO
3
S
a
)
3
• 8
H
3
O
571
Sodium Trithiophosphate Na
3
POS
3
•
11H
8
O
571
Sodium Tetrathiophosphate Na
3
PS
4
.

8 H
a
O
572
Tetraphosphorus Triselenide P4Se
3
573
Triphosphorus Pentanitride P
3
N
B
574
Phosphonitrilic Chlorides (PNCl
s
)
n
575
Phosphonitrilic Bromides (PNBrs)
n
578
Monoamidophosphoric Acid H
a
PO
g
NH
3
579
Disodium Monoamidophosphate Na
3
PO

3
NH
a
• 6
H
a
O
581
Diamidophosphoric Acid HP0
3
(NH
3
)
S
582
Phosphoryl Triamide PCXNHg)
3
584
Thiophosphoryl Triamide PS(NH
3
)
3
587
Pyrophosphoryl Tetramide P
3
O
3
(NH
3
)

4
588
Tetrasodium Imidodiphosphate Na^sOgNH-lO H
3
O
589
SECTION IO. ARSENIC, ANTIMONY, BISMUTH 591
Arsenic
As 591
CONTENTS Xix
Arsine AsH
3
593
Sodium Dihydrogen Arsenide NaAsH
3
595
Arsenic Trichloride AsCl
3
596
Arsenic Tribromide AsBr
3
597
Arsenic Triiodide Asl
3
597
Arsenic Diiodide Asl
s
598
Diarsenic Trioxide As
3

O
3
(As
4
O
s
) 600
Orthoarsenic Acid HaAsO*. 601
Sodium Dihydrogen Orthoarsenate NaH
s
AsO
4
.H
8
O 602
Ammonium Orthoarsenate (NH4>
3
AsO
4
'3 H
a
O 602
Tetraarsenic Tetrasulfide As 4S 4. 603
Diarsenic Pentasulfide As
2
S
B
603
Ammonium Thioarsenate (NH^sAsS^. 604
Sodium Thioarsenate Na

3
AsS
4
-8 H
a
O 604
Sodium Monothioorthoarsenate Na
3
AsO
3
S» 12 H
S
O 605
Sodium Dithioorthoarsenate Na
3
AsO
3
S
3
-11 H
a
O 605
Antimony Sb 606
Stibine (Antimony Hydride) SbH
3
606
Antimony (III) Chloride SbCl
3
608
Antimony (V) Chloride SbCl

B
610
Antimony (III) Oxide Chloride SbOCl 611
Hexachloroantimonic (V) Acid HSbCl
s
• 4.5 H
8
O 611
Nitrosyl Chloroantimonate (V) NO(SbCla) 612
Antimony (III) Bromide SbBr
3
613
Antimony (III) Iodide Sbl
3
614
Ammonium Hexabromoantimonate (IV) (NH^SbBrg. . . . 615
Antimony (ELI) Oxide SbsO
3
615
Antimony (V) Oxide Sb
3
O
B
616
Hydrated Antimony (V) Oxide Sb
3
O
B
. (H
3

O)
X
617
Diantimony Tetroxide Sb
8
O
4
618
Antimony (in)Sulfate Sb
a
(SO^
3
618
Antimony (III) Oxide Sulfate (SbO)
3
SO
4
619
Sodium Thioantimonate (V) Na
3
SbS
4
«9 H
8
O 619
Bismuth Bi 620
Bismuth (III) Chloride BiCl
3
621
Bismuth Dichloride BiCl

3
622
Bismuth Oxide Chloride BiOCl 622
Bismuth (III) Bromide BiBr
3
623
Bismuth Oxide Bromide BiOBr 624
Bismuth (III) Iodide Bil
3
624
Bismuth Oxide Iodide BiOI 625
Bismuth Oxide Nitrite BiONO
3
626
Bismuth (III) Phosphate BiPO
4
626
Bismuth (III) Borate BiBO
3
• 2 H
3
O 627
Sodium Bismuthate KBiO
3
627
Potassium Bismuthate KaBiO
3
628
Dibismuth Tetroxide Bi
3

O
4
629
XX CONTENTS
SECTION II. CARBON 630
A) ELEMENTAL CARBON 630
Pure Carbon
630
Special Carbon Preparations
631
Surface Compounds
of
Carbon
633
B)
GRAPHITE COMPOUNDS
635
Alkali Graphite Compounds
635
Alkali Ammine Graphite Compounds
637
Graphite Oxide
638
Carbon Monofluoride
640
Tetracarbon Monofluoride
641
Graphite Salts
642
Bromine Graphite

643
Metal Halide Graphite Compounds
644
c) VOLATILE CARBON COMPOUNDS 645
Carbon Monoxide
CO 645
Carbon Dioxide
CO
S
647
Tricarbon Dioxide C
3
O
S
648
Carbonyl Chloride
COC1
S
650
Carbon Disulfide
CS
S
652
Tricarbon Disulfide C
3
S
a
653
Carbonyl Sulfide
COS 654

Carbonyl Selenide COSe
655
Carbon Diselenide CSe
3
656
Hydrogen Cyanide
HCN 658
Cyanogen
(CN)
3
660
Cyanogen Chloride
CNC1 662
Cyanogen Bromide CNBr
665
Cyanogen Iodide
CNI 666
Cyanic Acid HNCO
667
Hydrogen Thiocyanate HNCS
669
TMocyanogen(SCN)
s
671
Ammonium Trithiocarbonate (NH4)
3
CS
3
674
Barium Trithiocarbonate BaCS

3
674
SECTION 12. SILICON AND GERMANIUM 676
Silicon
Si 676
Silanes SiH
4
(Si
a
H
s
, Si
3
H
8
)
679
Polysilanes (SiH)
x
, (SiH
3
)
x
681
Silicon Tetrachloride SiCl
4
682
Higher Silicon Chlorides
684
Silicon Tetrabromide SiBr

4
686
Silicon
(II)
Bromide SiBr
s
687
Silicon Tetraiodide Sil
4
689
Chlorosilanes SiHCl
3
, SiH
8
Cl
8
, SiH
3
Cl
691
Tribromosilane SiHBr
3
692
Dimethyldichlorosilane (CH
3
)
3
SiCl
a
694

CONTENTS
XXi
Chlorosiloxanes Si
4
O
4
Cl
8
, Si
n
O
n
_ iCl
an+ s
695
Silicon Monoxide SiO 696
Silicic Acids 697
Silicon Oxyhydride H
8
Si
8
O
3
699
Silicon Disulfide
SiS
s
700
Silicon Tetraacetate Si(CH
3

COO)
4
701
Silicon Cyanate and Silicon Isocyanate
Si(OCN)4, Si(NCO)
4
702
Tetraethoxysilane, Tetramethoxysilane
Si(OC
s
H
5
)
4
, Si(OCH
3
)
4
702
Silicates 704
Germanium 706
Germanium (IV) Oxide GeO
s
706
Germanium (II) Oxide GeO 711
Metallic Germanium Ge 712
Germanium Hydrides GeH
4
(Ge
a

H
8
, Ge
3
H
a
) 713
Germanium (IV) Chloride GeCl
4
715
Germanium Dichloride GeCl 716
Germanium (IV) Bromide GeBr
4
718
Germanium (IV) Iodide Gel
4
719
Germanium Diiodide Gel
a
> 720
Trichlorogermane 721
Methylgermanium Triiodide CH
3
GeI
3
722
Germanium Nitride Ge
3
N
4

722
Germanium Disulfide GeS
a
723
Germanium Monosulfide GeS 724
Tetraethoxygermane Ge(OC
s
H
B
)
4
725
Germanium Tetraacetate Ge(CH
3
COO)
4
726
SECTION
13. TIN AND
LEAD
727
Tin Sn 727
Tin (II) Chloride SnCl 728
Tin (IV) Chloride SnCl
4
729
Hexachlorostannic Acid H
3
SnCl
a

• 6 H
a
O 730
Ammonium Hexachlorostannate, Potassium
Hexachlorostannate (NH^jSnClg, K
a
SnCl
s
731
Tin (II) Bromide SnBr
a
732
Tin (IV) Bromide SnBr^ 733
Tin (II) Iodide SnI 734
Tin (IV) Iodide Snl
4
735
Tin (II) Oxide SnO 736
Stannic Acids SnO
a
• nH
a
O 737
Sodium Orthostannate Na
4
Sn0
4
739
Tin (II) Sulfide SnS 739
Tin (IV) Sulfide SnS

a
741
Sodium Metathiostannate Na
a
SnS
3
• 8 H
a
O 742
Sodium Tetrathiostannate (IV) Na
4
SnS
4
.18 H
a
O 743
XXii
CONTENTS
Tin
(IV)
Sulfate SnCSO^
.
2H
S
O
744
Tetramethyltin Sn(CH
3
)
4

744
Tetraethyltin Sn(C
a
H
B
)4.
746
Tin
(IV)
Acetate Sn(CH
3
COO)
4
747
Lead
Pb 748
Lead
(IV)
Chloride PbCl^
750
Ammonium Hexachloroplumbate (NHjgPbClg
751
Potassium Hexachloroplumbate K
a
PbCl
e
753
Potassium Iodoplumbite KPbI
3
• 2 H

a
O 754
Lead
(II, IV)
Oxide Pb
3
O
4
755
Lead
(IV)
Oxide
PbO 757
Sodium Metaplumbate Na
s
PbO
3
758
Sodium Orthoplumbate Na^bO*
759
Calcium Orthoplumbate Ca
s
PbO
4
760
Lead Sulfide
PbS 760
Lead
(IV)
Sulfate

P^SO^g
761
Lead Azide Pb(N
3
)
s
763
Tetramethyllead Pb(CH
a
)
4
763
Tetraethyllead Pb(C
a
H
B
)
4
765
Neutral
and
Basic Lead Carbonate
PbCO
3
,
2
PbCO
3
•
Pb(OH)

8
766
Lead
(IV)
Acetate Pb(CH
3
COO)
4
767
Lead Thiocyanate Pb(SCN)
8
769
SECTION 14. BORON 770
Boron
770
Aluminum Boride AlB
a
, AlBjg
772
Diborane B
a
H
e
773
Lithium Borohydride LiBH
4
775
Sodium Borohydride NaBH
4
776

Sodium Trimethoxyborohydride NaHB(OCH
3
)
3
777
Borine Trimethylaminate
BH
3
•
N(CH
3
)
3
778
Borazole (HBNH)
3
779
s-Trichloroborazole
(C1BNH)
3
779
Boron Trichloride
BC1
3
780
Boron Tribromide BBr
3
781
Boron Triiodide
BI

3
782
Boron Trifluoride Dihydrate
BF
3
• 2 H
a
O 784
Dihydroxyfluoroboric Acid H[BF
S
(OH)
S
]
784
Boron Trifluoride Ammoniate
BF
3
• NH
3
785
Boron Trifluoride Etherate
BF
3
•
O(C
a
H
B
)
786

Boron
(III)
Oxide B
a
O
3
787
Boron
(III)
Sulfide B
a
S
3
788
Boron Nitride
BN 789
Sodium Orthoborate Na
3
BO
3
790
Metaboric Acid HB0
3
791
Sodium Metaborate NaBO
s
791
CONTENTS xxiii
Sodium Tetraborate Na
s

B
4
O
7
793
Sodium Pentaborate NaB
B
O
9
• 5 H
3
O 795
Sodium Perborate NaBO
3
• 4H
a
O 795
Lindemann Glass (Lithium Beryllium Borate) 796
Boron Phosphate BPO
4
796
Boron Arsenate BAsO
4
797
Boron Methoxide B(OCH
3
)
3
797
Trimethylboron B(CH

3
)
3
798
Triethylboron B(C
S
H
5
)
3
799
Trimethylborazine (CH
3
BO)
3
800
Tri-n-Butylboroxine (n-C4H
g
BO)
3
801
n-Butylboronic Acid n-C4H
9
B(OH)
8
801
n-Butylboron Difluoride n-C4H
g
BF
3

802
Sodium Tetraphenylborate Na[B(C
s
H
5
)j 803
SECTION 15. ALUMINUM 805
Lithium Aluminum Hydride LiAlH
4
805
Calcium Aluminum Hydride
Ca(MH^
s
806
Polymeric Aluminum Hydride (AlH
3
)
n
• x O(C
8
H
5
)
3
807
Aluminum Chlorohydride A1
S
C1
3
H

3
808
Aluminum Hydride Trimethylaminate
A1H
3
• 2 N(CH
3
)
3>
A1H
3
• N(CH
3
)
3
809
Diethylaluminum Bromide Al(C
a
H
e
)
a
Br 809
Triethylaluminum A1(C
8
H
B
)
3
810

Triethylaluminum Etherate A1(C
S
H
5
)
3
• O(C
3
H
B
)
a
811
Diethylaluminum Hydride Al(C
a
H
5
)
a
H 811
Aluminum Chloride A1C1
3
812
Aluminum Bromide AlBr
3
813
Aluminum Iodide A1I
3
814
Aluminum Chloride Hydrate A1C1

3
• 6 H
a
O 815
Sodium Tetrachloroaluminate NaALCl* 816
Tetrachloroaluminic Acid Dietherate
HA1C1
4
• 2 O(C
a
H
5
)
a
816
Aluminum Chloride Ammoniate A1C1
3
. NH
3
817
Aluminum Chloride-Sulfur Dioxide Adduct A1C1
3
• SO
8
. . . 817
Aluminum Chloride-Thionyl Chloride Adduct
Al
a
Cl
s

•
SOC1
S
818
Aluminum Chloride-Phosphorus Pentachloride Adduct
A1C1
3
• PC1
5
818
Aluminum Bromide-Hydrogen Sulfide Adduct
AlBr
3
• H
8
S 819
Aluminum Iodide Hexaammoniate A1I
3
• 6 NH
3
819
Aluminum Hydroxide 820
Aluminum Oxide 822
Aluminum Sulfide A1
8
S
3
823
Aluminum Sulfite 824
Aluminum Selenide Al

8
Se
3
825
Aluminum Telluride Al
8
Te
3
826
XXIV CONTENTS
Aluminum Nitride A1N
827
Lithium Aluminum Nitride Li
3
AlN
3
828
Aluminum Azide A1(N
3
)
3
829
Aluminum Phosphide A1P
829
Lithium Aluminum Phosphide Li
3
AlP
8
830
Aluminum Orthophosphate A1PO

4
831
Aluminum Arsenide AlAs
831
Aluminum Carbide A1
4
C
3
832
Lithium Aluminum Cyanide LiAl(CN)
4
833
Aluminum Methoxide A1(OCH
3
)
3
833
Aluminum Ethoxide A1(OC
8
H
S
)
3
834
Aluminum Triethanolaminate A1(OC
8
H4)
3
N
835

Aluminum Acetate A1(O
8
CCH
3
)
3
835
Aluminum Acetylacetonate Al(C
s
H
7
O
a
)3
836
SECTION 16. GALLIUM, INDIUM, THALLIUM 837
Gallium Ga
837
Trimethylgallium, Tetramethyldigallane, Digallane
Ga(CH
3
)
3
, Ga
s
H
a
(CH
3
) <, Ga

s
H
8
840
Lithium Tetrahydrogallate LiGaH
4
842
Gallium (III) Chloride GaCl
3
843
Gallium (III) Bromide GaBr
3
845
Gallium (III) Iodide Gal
3
846
Gallium
(II)
Chloride
and
Gallium
(II)
Bromide GaCl
s
,
GaBr
a
846
Gallium Hydroxide Ga(OH)
3

, GaO(OH)
847
Gallium (III) Oxide a-Ga
a
O
3
, j8-Ga
3
O
3
848
Gallium (I) Oxide Ga
a
O
849
Gallium (III) Sulfide Ga
a
S
3
850
Gallium (IT) Sulfide GaS
851
Gallium (I) Sulfide Ga
a
S
852
Ammonium Gallium (III) Sulfate NH 4<Gra(SO
4
)
9

• 12
H
a
O.
. 854
Gallium Selenide Ga
s
Se
3
, GaSe, Ga
a
Se
854
Gallium Telluride Ga
8
Te
3
, GaTe
855
Gallium Nitride GaN
855
Gallium Nitrate Ga(NOa)
3
856
Gallium Phosphide, Arsenide and Antimonide GaP, GaAs,
GaSb
857
Indium
In 857
Indium (HI) Chloride InCl

3
858
Indium (III) Bromide InBr
3
859
Indium (III) Iodide Inl
3
860
Indium (II) Chloride, Bromide and Iodide InCl
a
, InBr
a
, Inl
a
861
Indium
(I)
Chloride, Bromide and Iodide InCl, InBr, Inl.
. 862
Indium Hydroxide In(OH)
3
862
Indium (III) Oxide In
3
O
3
863
Indium (I) Oxide In
3
O

863
CONTENTS
XXV
Indium Sulfides
In
3
S
3
,
InS, In
a
S
864
Indium Selenides
and
Tellurides In
3
Se
3
, InSe, In
3
Se and
In
3
Te
3
,
InTe, In
s
Te

865
Indium Nitride InN
866
Indium Phosphide, Arsenide
and
Antimonide InP, InAs,
InSb
867
Thallium
Tl 867
Thallium (I) Chloride, Bromide and Iodide T1C1, TIBr, Til
869
Thallium (III) Chloride
T1C1
3
,
T1C1
3
• 4
H
3
O
870
Tetrachlorothallium (III) Acid ^TlCl^
• 3
H
S
O
872
Thallium

(I)
Tetrachlorothallate (III) T1(T1C14)
872
Thallium
(I)
Hexachlorothallate (III) Tl
3
(TlCla)
873
Potassium Hexachlorothallate (III) K
3
(TlCla)
• 2
H
S
O
873
Potassium Pentachloroaquothallate (III)
K
3
(T1C1
S
H
3
O)
•
H
S
O
874

Cesium Nonachlorodithallate (III) Cs
3
(Tl
s
Cl
9
)
874
Thallium (III) Bromide TlBr
3
• 4
H
3
O
874
Thallium (I) Tetrabromothallate (III) Tl(TlBr
4
)
875
Thallium (1) Hexabromothallate (III) Tl
3
(TlBra)
875
Rubidium Hexabromothallate (III) Rb
3
(TlBr
6
)
•
8

A
H
S
O.
. 876
Thallium Triiodide
Til • I
3
,
T1I
3
876
Thallium
(I)
Oxide T1
3
O
877
Thallium
(I)
Hydroxide TlOH
877
Thallium (II) Oxide T1
3
O
3
, Tl
3
O
3

• x
H
3
0
879
Thallium Sulfides
880
Thallium
(I, III)
Selenide Tl
3
Se
•
Tl
a
Se
3
, TISe
881
Thallium
(I)
Sulfate T1
3
SO
4
881
Disulfatothallic (III) Acid HTl(SO
4
)
s

• 4
H
3
O
882
Thallium (III) Hydroxide Sulfate Tl(OH)SO
4
• 2
H
3
O
882
Thallium
(I)
Nitride T1
3
N
883
Thallium
(I)
Nitrate T1NO
3
883
Thallium
(I)
Carbonate T1
3
CO
3
884

Thallium
(II)
Formate, Thallium
(I)
Malonate, Clerici's
Solution
884
SECTION 17. ALKALINE EARTH METALS 887
Beryllium
Be 887
Beryllium Chloride BeCl
3
889
Beryllium Bromide BeBr
a
891
Beryllium Iodide Bel
3
892
Beryllium Oxide and Beryllium Carbonate BeO, BeCO
3
.
. 893
Beryllium Hydroxide Be(OH)
3
894
Sodium Beryllates
895
Beryllium Sulfide BeS
895

Beryllium Selenide and Beryllium Telluride BeSe, BeTe.
897
Beryllium Nitride Be
3
N
3
898
Beryllium Azide Be(Ng)
3
899
XXVi CONTENTS
Beryllium Carbides Be
3
C, BeC
8
899
Beryllium Acetate Be(CH
3
COO)
3
901
Basic Beryllium Acetate Be
4
O(CH
3
COO)
8
901
Magnesium Mg
903

Magnesium Hydride MgH
s
905
Magnesium Chloride MgCl
a
905
Magnesium Bromide MgBr
3
909
Magnesium Iodide Mgl
3
910
Magnesium Oxide MgO
911
Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)
a
912
Magnesium Sulfide MgS
913
Magnesium Selenide MgSe
915
Magnesium Telluride MgTe
915
Magnesium Nitride Mg
3
N
s
916
Magnesium Azide Mg(Na)
3

917
Magnesium Phosphide
and
Magnesium Arsenide Mg
3
P
3
,
Mg
3
As
3
917
Magnesium Carbides MgC
3
, Mg
3
C
3
920
Magnesium Silicide Mg
3
Si
921
Magnesium Germanide Mg
3
Ge
922
Calcium, Strontium, Barium Metals
922

Calcium Strontium and Barium Hydrides CaH
3
, SrH
s
, BaH
3
929
Calcium, Strontium, Barium Halides
930
Calcium Oxide CaO
931
Strontium Oxide SrO
932
Barium Oxide BaO
933
Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)
3
934
Strontium Hydroxide Sr(OH)
3
• 8
H
3
O, SrO
• 9
H
3
O
935
Calcium, Strontium, Barium Peroxides CaO

8
, SrO
3
, BaO
3
936
Calcium, Strontium, Barium Sulfides CaS, SrS, BaS
938
Calcium, Strontium, Barium Selenides CaSe, SrSe, BaSe.
939
Calcium, Strontium, Barium Nitrides Ca
3
N
a
, Sr
3
N
3
, Ba
3
N
3
940
Barium Azide BafNg)
3
942
Calcium Phosphide Ca
3
P
3

942
Calcium Carbide CaC
3
943
Calcium Cyanamide CaCN
3
946
Calcium Silicides CaSi, CaSi
s
946
Calcium Germanide CaGe
948
SECTION 18. ALKALI METALS 950
Alkali Metal Compounds from Minerals
950
Free Alkali Metals
956
Alkali Hydrides NaH, KH, RbH, CsH and LiH
971
Alkali Metal Oxides Li
3
O, Na
3
O, K
S
O, Rb
3
O, Cs
s
O

974
Lithium and Sodium Peroxides Li
3
O
a
and Na
3
O
3
979
Alkali Dioxides
980
Lithium Hydroxide LiOH
•
H
3
O, LiOH
982
CONTENTS
XXV11
Rubidium and Cesium Hydroxides RbOH, CsOH 983
Lithium Nitride Li
3
N 984
Phosphides, Arsenides, Antimonides and Bismuthides of
Alkali Metals from the Elements 985
Sodium and Lithium Carbides Na
s
C
3

, Li
3
C
3
987
Alkali Metal Carbonates of Highest Purity 987
Silicides and Germanides of Alkali Metals from the Ele-
ments NaSi, KSi, RbSi, CsSi, NaGe, KGe, RbGe, CsGe . 989
FORMULA
INDEX
993