sử dụng fpga để thiết kế mô hình software defined radio cho hệ đo thử kênh mimo

MỤC LỤC
Mở đầu

 !"#$"%&'(!)*+
!",+",,-.!
/"012324!",5!.!
#678-9.:,:;"2<1=
;!"#/2!5->/?@ABC"6#
+#6*+!; 5-)
"!!*/2!D@ABC+*1E!;
#&2F56:,)-G!6?"%!!
@ABC"#$; !1E!"HI2J#$)!&=!
JK!65-
!JL+M@ABCNM!L"":!
+M2FE< O$2!H!D
#6=32+4(!J!"3+2&H
>KMP+Q&RNM!14:"(-S*//
3.;"L5"#$J; .@ABC'#&&
 @ABC# "+*E!"!2.TUTV-7(",
W"#$,5*(R.;!X5,
-7  ! "!E?4#&"(K/
E, @ABC"2/Y!Z[K\KZK]!!"!
2.TUTV-
CHƯƠNG 1
TỔNG QUAN VỀ FPGA
VÀ NGÔN NGỮ VHDL
1.1. Giới thiệu về FPGA
@ABC^R_@KA!EKBKC_=W
+:!#6=3?/"#$35)4
!*)R/&`3M3",:-NM
":.E@ABCa:&-G!H3CK

bKCKS2b!- G,+M",W
#cMd2->/?8W#cMd
"3";"#$.:,;4"%"a"J&J
!5",)*"a-Ea!?/"#$"#$
:":!J?2efghi?;"L<.%E!
Ej-G!2+4?/"H36+
MI.32+4#c&-c12&3
2k332+4?/,:.
@ABC"#$2":.E<]!@KK#6?NM!
4fglm2W&R@ABC!D)$J#$#c"J&:
Ej!f!&2W#&"39Ab\n9!KMA!EKb!
\KKo-7#c"pR9Ab\@ABC<OW",E!pJ#$
#c"J&:!2+/-.?")$/2?
"%!R9Ab\'!2!+q/" /!2
&@ABC/?")$r /!"-
@ABC9Ab\3,"2E.2W"2E
)19Ab\@ABC-9Ab\32W&<;"!"33E!
p!0,+!sP!ZP!t2+/"#$J
#c"JI"#$"pE-7,!9Ab\<.2"#$
,`!^#E=kk5"!cJ"2J!u!
c@ABC->&@ABC/2WK!2cv9Ab\E</@ABC
 .2J-7,21!!3,`!c,
H4";!2-
72E11@ABC9Ab\!:@ABC",3
!n#EE(oE&"L"#$W!-G!!
@ABC"6&HO$":"R!0:/!J!
D"%2;3??J!0/"n
K!Z!o2W"!"#;E/#6-T
@ABCH32+4/ EnKP!Z!o;:R
Ea"#$/!2:Hj"!"-

1.2. Kiến trúc chung của một FPGA
9W%R@ABCE!pw
P92Jb!
PJ.2
P9:)$x
Hình 1.1 9W%R@ABC
1.2.1. Khối logic FPGA
Hình 1.2 yJb!
@ABC;!3,2J!3/9bzn9!ZEK
b!z!2o"#$.2&E'.22+/nA!EK
UK!Ko-92J!"#$(EJM*!.2&
E.!-z.!2J!9bz3E+b{nb!!2P{EKo:&
n@@!!0EJo-b{nLook up tableo2J!35E2/
!!qm":!2.*+R=! ")!2J!
5*:&ZPZ!-
!#&jRH@ABCRNMH 2
YbU9|fYK!qpm2J!J#$YK"%q/
" /=K!!@ABC-
G/W%R+b{/!m":!2.HO$
.}":!E%Mq2J!(EJ#&3(%J":!
Rb{.~(-9W'4JEJ8!-
1.2.2. Hệ thống mạch liên kết
T.2!@ABC"#$q"#62JK!#c
";=K!q!@ABC"#62J"#$3
2) !N9miiiRNM3•!2Jw^-9
"#62 J"#$J& * 2J ?/"#$
nprogramable switcho!2J;J#$W?
/"#$"+E+!!.2;2-
1.2.3. Các phần tử tích hợp sẵn
G!2J!=K!!@ABC23:)$

.2) "21; Y!9!H>KMm€RNM
3;(MdA![KA9!CK@AYbU9)$(C]>•!
1; Md)J\YA!@ABC"#$)$\YAYKE
(J"!5C‚zƒ9) H>KMRNM;q
 "4\YAK&Cz9flPE-
1.3. Ngôn ngữ mô tả phần cứng (HDL)
G1+:;n\bo1?/:,="
/8"!JR:;-932)\b!",2"
+:;w/q#$/W:;-
Mô hình hành vi trừu tượng-G1+:;!",2k!
+q#$R:;"J& ")"0+nF„
2…?o-2FEaJE&2)W!02Rd
"a:;-
Mô hình cấu trúc phần cứng-9W:;32+4"#$/!
1+:;2:*("2-
G4fgliESJHT…n\V\oJ525j;
JK!"%#c2%*3 "#$&
&-]„"L3:!1?/Q"+;
4WRJ"J&2nU9o-Y"3\V\"L
$!5#c/3J"!>YU9nKKK
KKo"!1+:;Q-y*+5"L!
1+:;>YU9#6"#$8>\bn>YU9[K
\K!bKPG1.+:;>YU9o#-
>\b"#$MK#52$R1w1:5ƒ
1"p6ƒKƒ"a6ƒI-\!"3W>\b!D
;5K!2!!:5RJJ3!0
23-G3u!D/JE'.2JR
:-
>\b"#$! %$nKou #I 
n!o-\=>\b3I":"R#2++

W","#$>\b%$-
1.3.1. Các ưu điểm của VHDL
P 9#c/!>\b3"#$K!,W2wGj
.:5J("a6F„13-
P >\b1(JJ3"#$I#2
J2J2J"#$5E<2J!2Ic-
P 9,`!#c;2.MJ#&.!0
%$+-
P 9+!K"pE2"pE-
P b!!2X?IJ# E"p?!
z!!K-
P 93)"Ww>\b"#$#&5E+!$R)RT…
.QRU|||->\b"#$5O$R,+M
Eau#, 2IJ-
P >\b•2j2wZ![EK!-
P y&,"&R22 1-
P >\b!!"?&!:;-T+J
=>\b2<;%3"#$E+%$
2†!:;&"633"#$
 !J"L2-
P y+4"aX21& 1!2
I&&;!-
1.3.2. Cấu trúc một mô hình hệ thống sử dụng ngôn ngữ VHDL
>\b1+:;!?33"#$ "
/RJJ-JJ3"c+%!;#
J!F-92JM(5.1>\b82J
2-93•2J2)w
P yE!|n5o
P yE!CKKnyWo
P yE!9!Z!n9/o

P 72 3nA2Ko/2!"R
JnKEKo-
a. Entity (Thực thể)
yE!5!>\b:"aXF.)!R
:J-yE!|F.R|2.%
!‡-9%n(o)*"3K!&#6E.
!->) E%"#$F</lw
Hình 1.3 zE%
yE!|#w
KCb@PC\\|]
!nCzwzUˆ
Y{T9C]]‰w!zUoˆ
KC@PC\\|]ˆ
zEp3":!Czˆ":Y{T9C]]‰zU
2W1"#$"aX#&R@ABC
b. Architecture (Kiến trúc)
A:;}!Lp>\b2E!CKK-TO2E!|
",+"2Š&)CKK#c;-yE!CKK!
#c/+2$.RCKK|!#c/"3-A:
(CKK3E!p2E!,)E.!:E.
!    J        R       +  ! "  R    J-  .  R
CKKL"#$"0†K!#6#c/-9WE.!R
CKK3"#$K!!J2jw
P?$2JE.!REa-
P?(j.
P?(:5-
Py$RE.-
92/"#$+ #w
 Kiểu kiến trúc
y"#$M(55.?:"#$2J->) #

EE%"#$F"(w
KKCPY]{9{]|!ZCb@PC\\|]
!!KNV]}
!nN‰wzUˆ
Gw!zUoˆ
|!!Kˆ
9!!KCG\}
A!nbTwzUˆ
Gw!zUoˆ
|!!Kˆ
zK
NfwNV]}!nCzY{Toˆ
CfwCG\}!nCz9C]]‰oˆ
|CPY]{9{]|ˆ
 Kiểu luồng dữ liệu
!2p1*|#&."#$EkE'D
"p6-yp1REE"#$F!) w
CKK\CC@bV‹!ZCb@PC\\|]
zK
Y{TŒ•CM!zZKlˆ
9C]]‰Œ•CzZKmˆ
|\CC@bV‹ˆ
!) 2p1 D)"p6n!0
Jo-!D!)/2dsŒ•t-BaREE
;E.+"#$!)E.)-TD"p6"#$5
F23E2†)!E;)+35"%;a)
"%-ku3"#$.!DE' 
",sZKt-
 Kiểu behavior
yEK!F;!"RK#?$

"#$5K!2JE' !K-9W2F„
WRKF;4R3->) MKMD2EK!RE
E%-
CKKz|C>UV]!ZCb@PC\\|]
zK
A!KnCzo
>EKN‰wzUˆ
zK
Nw•Cˆ
‰w•zˆ
Y{TŒ•NM!‰ˆ
9C]]‰Œ•N‰ˆ
|!Kˆ
|z|C>UV]ˆ
T!Ku3:"2E!n#&q23sEKto:"
/En1q23sEKts!Kto-9E.!:/E
"#$5K!2J-\)"#$F!!0
q23s!Kt!st-;235"%RE2†
a!!/&5!!K-.+
!K!#c//",5"p6-
yE!EnE^":E'q23sEKto!) 3EN‰-9
E"#$&2dsw•taR+!aEE.-
 Kiểu hỗn tạp.
yO22$+E2.-;E.!KKW
3 +E/E.-
c. Configuration (Cấu hình)
yE!9!Z!="58!(CKK3x
|3!0"^2J!|-G!W9!Z!3
  "#$  MK  #    2.      :  !  2J    /-  9!  O  2J  /
9!Z!F„CKK!!|q,CKK-y9!Z!

!%$|PCKK/"#$E.a!#5
I"#$!->) 2E!9!Z!!EE%#w
bE9TVYPbUzT‰PbUzˆ
9!Z!9VG@UB!ZCb@PC\\|]
@!CPY]{9{]|
@!NfwNV]}
{KK9TVYPbUz-NV]PBC|n\CC@bV‹oˆ
|Z!ˆ
@!CfwCG\}
{K!Z!T‰PbUz-CG\P9VG@UBˆ
|Z!ˆ
|Z!ˆ|9VG@UBˆ
d. Package (Gói)
T ")cE+RA2K38:I3"#$ !
,2-A2KE#6="#13"#$
 !,|-TJ*!A2K!D13"#$
E<1|2->/13"#$`-
TA2Kp:wA:2E!:(nz!o-A:2E!"a
X!!A2KE'#c5#"aXR|-(
RA2KF„5E"%*!A2KJ#!CKK-
>\b2J#5#c/:5##c
/RA9R>\b"#$5"p6->/)!#6
#68sL>\bt;28s#c/>\bt-!>\bF
'!A]V9|YY@{G9UVG!0A]V9|\{]|&"#$5
:5-
G#"L",?<.!1#"R>\b3!D%$
J!Ea2+/n#Ab\!0@ABCo!0
!CYU9-9E#&5!ŽK"#$F!/f-•-
Hình 1.4 Yc"p2>\b
2"#$E^":E'L>\b#!ZK3"s-t3

=.&.R|GU‰-z#&":.!*/%$E.a-z.
a*/q1>\bE?!n+<;]b•;
o2JnKo<;K-z#&;J
#"#$5.2J;K"""#$5J#,J"!0
J#,)^"0-•"!23"#$I-9J=
:,AKPP!K!5^"0n!o?d!Ea
Ab\‡@ABC!0!0n2o!CYU9-
e. Mô hình kiểm tra hoạt động (Testbench)
T! *82E++2-y
/>\b"#$5E'*!"R3!2I
a"#$3"K!&.:2-T#623
#2+!-T#62".E+
2!D*  !0 !  2*+!"R E+ + 2-
#6/E++",#c/-G#u3
5 M( 5#c /  nKEKo- T  5   5 2 $ R %
$,:-G3pE:-T/>\b"L*2p
1E*-!"R/>\b"#$2))E<p1
2)"W"^*E*-
Hình 1.5 Yc"p%*R#c/nKEKo
!"3w\{wnKKKKo/>\b:2
VEKKw2J*2*+
\!Kwp1n2J!)2))o
Chương 2
Các công cụ thiết kế
2.1. Những đặc điểm cơ bản của XtremeDSP Development Kit-IV
2.1.1 Giới thiệu chung
NKK\YA\KK!KyPU>EyU32+4,+
!!G@ABC>KMPU>A!-EC\9\C93J"!
!D#6=3?/'Md; #Y!Z[K\KZK
]!•B‹KKGK[!2\>!0/+>K!-zyU3;E!

RJ&!K'.E!M-z!R"#$8
zKVG|PyT!KE!!K."#$8zKC\\C\UT|PUU!K-
Nhiệm vụ của bo mạch chủ BenONE-Kit
‘O$!!KzKC\\C\UT|PUU
‘O$!{Yz!0•-•>‡€>A9U
‘O$!A9U•-•>‡€>•}E‡••PT’!{Yzf-f
‘9b|\.a
‘T!/“CB
‘9(^J5&#6=3?/"#$n@ABCU‡Vo
Module BenADDA DIME-II
‘9)@ABCwN9m>YN•€Pfi@@~~l
‘2.\C9"?wC\~~m€C\9nfmPEfi€TYAYo
‘2.C\9"?wC\ghh}\C9nfmPEf~iTYAYo
‘O$!2!E!"!E!!23?/
‘E&Y]CTnf••T’€f}yM•}EOE.o
‘9b|\a
Hình 2.1. B!!RNKK\YA\KK!KyPU>
Hình 2.2. zyU Q2JT9N
Hình 2.3. B!)!RNKK\YA\KK!KyPU>
2.1.2. Các thành phần chính của XtremeDSP Development Kit-IV
a. Chíp FPGA (XC4VSX35)
9"0")RN9m>YN•€w
‘]!2KUVKKz!2wl
‘A![KA9A!K!z!2w}
‘b!9K
n}o
w•ilf~
‘YKwf•~g~
‘TM\]CTnyEowm}l
‘flNflzTKz!2wf•~

‘flyEz!2wf•~
‘TMz!2]CTnyEow}mml
‘\9Twl
‘TM{KU‡VAw~mm
b. Các bộ ADC
T!KzKC\\C\UT|P !NKK\YA\KK!KyPU> 3
2.!#c5O2.31)",2"?&@ABC-C\9
nC\~~m€o!D5?1&"fmE-)"#!
C\9)*Q2JT9N-
Hình 2.4. Yc"p)*C\9!@ABC
 Các đặc điểm chính của khối ADC (AD6645)
‘9C\9fmPE2LE=}
‘J"jfi€TYAY
‘<2!€i”!)eJ!"%(
‘z8E?•<J!
‘9!2C\93"%"#$
 ADC clock
TOC\93"#$?!25E')b>A|9b
"?-)b>A|9b3"#$",2E'>KMPUUN9}>liPm9Yfmm@ABC
n9!2@ABCo-TJ!23=!@ABCw
P9!2fi€T•!E!E'
P9!2!"#!*Q2JT9N
P9!2?/*E!".yU
9Wd'EC\9nC\~~m€oF3O$!2!&.&fi€T•-7,
    *  8    J       !    !2  \UT|  n>)    #
9byC9byz9by9o/1!23&cfi€T’-
c. Các bộ DAC (AD9772A)
T!KzKC\\C\UT|PU !NKK\YA\KK!KyPU> 3
2.J#c5O2.31)",2"(&@ABC-E
\C9nC\ghh}Co"#61O"#6fmE-)!)

*2*2JT9N-
Hình 2.5. Yc"p)*\C9!1#c5
 Các đặc điểm chính của DAC (AD9772A)
‘9\C9fmPE
‘J"1JJ"f~iTYAY
‘Y !2b>A|9bJ!q>KMPUUN9}>liPm9Yfmm9!2@ABC
‘z("pp3H23!
‘<2J€i”*Q2JT9N-
 DAC clock
TO\C93"#$!25"?*)b>A|9b-)
b>A|9b3"#$",2E<>KMPUUN9}>liPm9Yfmm@ABCn9!2
@ABCo-TJ!23 *!2@ABCw
P9!2fi€T•!E!E'
P9!2!"#!*Q2JT9N
P9!2?/*E!".yU
d. Bộ nhớ ZBT SRAM
zyU}E&"?•zY]CT-TOE3/€f}2M•}-z
&32+4#1.E!*E1•}PE&OE&-
Hình 2.6. Yc"p•zY]CT
 Đặc điểm chính của ZBT SRAM
‘62†w~h-€fi
‘fii–E"#$? 
‘7,2*!)J
‘93(",2"8‡.
‘Y )",2"aF1!3?"#$
!2
‘9!D1!#6
‘93!K)!0DMK
 ZBT SRAM Clocking
E&•zY]CT.EyU3"#$!2"?*Š

.)!2+p-TOE&3)3"#$F!
@ABC"+E+!!!2R•zY]CT(+p3!2J&
"2I-S)"+E+!!!!"#$23&1
"#!-
e. Vào ra số
TJ"0"!REyUw
‘T":Efm(.E!R-G3!Df}2J5,
&@ABC&(J"-
‘T":E•m(F.E!R-G3!D}l2J5
,&@ABC-9:H!2J••>J"—2
"#$J-
‘":!}(}2J,&@ABC-
f. Clock
zyUNKK\YA\KK!KyPU> 3J*+d!2!
!-Y"(J"0"RJ!2w
‘zyU3pfi€T’.!K)!2
!Ea#c5-
‘TJ!!!2!.E!R3?"#$:J-
‘T2K^!E!".E!R-9Wd'.E!R
23E!"F3!2K"#6= E!"!
; .E-
g. DIME-II System Clocks
T!KzKC\\C\UT|PUU3!EJ!2!@ABC!2"3
"#$89byC9byz9by9-9)!2"#$!.E!R
\UT|PUU"#$"#!=!Kc"0!KzKC\\C\UT|PUU-9!2
3"#$",2E&#6="#$"#"(B!E9!2
!!@ABC-.:Wd';4R
\UT|PUU!2"#$M"aE<E!R-y!KzKC\\C\UT|PUU
"#$  "0  !  E!    R  zKVG|Py2  "3  !    /  yU  NKK\YA
\KK!KyPU>!2R\UT|PUUw

P9byCw!2!E!!"3?/.E!RzKVG|Py
P9byzw!2!E!!"3?/.E!RzKVG|Py
P9by9w2J&!2K"O$E!!"
Hình 2.7. Yc"pJ!2
h. LED hiển thị
NKK\YA\KK!KyPU> 3JsKPKZEKtb|\a!
D#6=2!"REyU-93b|\2
/#6=b|\aJ/!p
nUKZKb|\o-9b|\ EyU3EnOb|\a%E
2w7IN>‡\o-
Hình 2.8. Yc"pb|\
2.2. Các phần mềm chuyên dụng
2.2.1. Tổng quan về phần mềm ISE của Xilinx
J:,UY|RNM#62)$E!p
2#c/I52.Ea@ABC
9Ab\-UY|3!",28"!!*/
2-*!RUY|#6=3!2 
 52-G!#6=H3!ZK
3.*"!ŽK"2-
Hình 2.9. B!:,UY|
Cửa sổ nguồn
9%E!pZKpRf!ŽKnpZK"#$!0
ZK3x"#$"#!!ŽKo-!%3f*"3#6=
38ZKp! ")2 #%$5
I-
Cửa sổ xử lí
9%!E2"Lx"nE!p+I
5o#n) 2EJf2!ZKp"L8o-7
f22"W!2"322"L"#$5f)
"IME.2"3-yf2UY|5"2

IO$!2"3-
2.2.2. Phần mềm FUSE
A:,@{Y|RLGK!D#6=3/",
25!1JR:;)@ABCR
GK-A:,"#$"32JMd;
#f2JJ1:,:;; @ABC-
@{Y|fJ!E!p1?/\UT|-@{Y|A!EK
!!@{Y|H"#$!1E?!#9‡9ƒƒ“!0TE-
@{Y|3"0"#$!",‹![!0bM-9"0"c
E+R@{Y|32#w
• 9/Ea3"c+
• O$,9
• O$,!
• O$!",2!Ea:;RGK
Hình 2.10. %*,@{Y|