thực phẩm chức năng với sức khỏe con người

NGHIEN
cuu
- TRAO OOl
THtfC
PHAM CHUC NANG
VCl (SOC
KHOE
CON
NGUOl
Cao Van Mqnh
p.
Hieu trudng Trudng Cao dang Y
Thanh
Hoa
N
hufng nam gan day, tren thj trudng xua't
hien nhiiu san pha'm ggi la thuc pha'm
chUc nang. Nhieu ngudi tieu dung mud'n
suf dung san pham nay nham bdi dudng, tang
cudng
sUc
khoe, nhung vin cdn nhieu ban
khdan.
De giup ngUdi tieu dung, ban dgc cc
them thdng tin vi Idai san pham hang hda nay,
bai viit xin dugc di cap mdt sd npi dung sau:
Thuc pham chuc nang la gi ?
Tren The
gidi,
cd nhiiu khai niem lien quan
den van di thuc pha'm

chUc
nang (TPCN).
Nam 1980, Tiin sTY khoa Stephen DeFelice -
ngudi sang lap ra "Quy Cai tiin Y hpc" dua ra
thuat nguf "Duge pha'm dinh dudng"
(Nutraeeuticals) vdi y nghTa la loai thuc pham
cd lgi cho
sUc
khde - y ti bang
each
bd sung
nhufng heat chat hay thanh phan thien nhien
dem lai
sUc
khde hoac tang cudng
sUc
khce
cho Cd the cen ngudi. Nhat Ban la nudc da
thUa
nhan sU cd mat cua TPCN, cho rang dd la
nhufng
thUc
an cd lgi cho sUc khde ngudi tieu
dung de ngan ngUa hay chd'ng lai mdt chCrng
benh nae dd, ddng thdi cho phep nha san xua't
thuc pham gpi san pham eua minh la "Thuc
pha'm
sUc
khde" (Kenkoshokuhin) va duac xem
la mdt san pham

thUe an
ho trg, Mdt sd nudc
Tay Au ggi day la "Thue pham bd sung dinh
dudng"
(food suplement). Cdn Trung Qud'c ggi
la "Thuc pham bd dudng bac ve
sUc
khoe".
Cac loai thuc pha'm nay nam d ranh gidi giufa
thUc
an va thud'c chua benh.
Theo djnh nghTa cua Bd Y te, TPCN
(nutraeeuticals,
alicaments hay functional
foods) la thuc pham dung de ho trg
chUc
nang
cua cac bd phan trdng cd the ngUdi, cc tae
dung dinh dUdng, tad chd cd the tinh trang thdai
mai,
tang
sUc
di khang va giam bdt nguy cd
gay benh.
Thub
pham chuc nang tren thj
trucfng
The
gidi:
TU nam 1930, Nhat Ban da tung ra thi

trudng cac san pham TPCN, va den giua thap
ky
1980
da trd thanh mgt
trdng,nhufng
nudc san
xua't va tieu thu cac san pham TPCN cao tren
thi
gidi.
Nhat Ban cung da cd qui che vi TPCN
dudi ten gpi Thuc pham dac biet cho
sUc
khde
(FOSHU) vao
nam
1991, nham lam rd pham tru
"chUe
nang"
cuia
thuc pham che
biin,
ddng thdi
ngan chan nan quang cao tran lan, lam sai lech
nhan
thUc
cua ngudi tieu dung. TPCN cung
dupe tieu thu nhiiu b Hea Ky va eac
nUdc
EU
(Nam 2003, hdn 90% san lugng TPCN tren thi

gidi dupc tieu thu tai Nhat (25%), Hoa Ky (35%)
va cac nude EU (32%).
Nhung nam gan day, thj trudng TPCN cd
budc phat trien dot pha nhd cdng nghe sinh hpc
phat triin va cac dac diem
thUPng
mai toan cau.
Ben canh cac nude nhu Hoa Ky, Nhat, EU, thj
trudng cua nhufng nude dang phat trien cung bat
dau tang, dac biet la Trung Qud'c, Nga va Brazil
la cd bieu hien thay ddi rd ret.
Ngay nay, ngUdi Nhat chi ehe TPCN la 126
dd
la/ngUdi/nam,
trdng khi Hda Ky la 67,9 dd la,
EU la 51,2 dd la va khdang 3,20 dd la dd'i vdi
cac nudc chau A khac.
Thuc pham chub nang a Viet Nam:
TU
lau,
cha dng ta da cd nhieu kinh nghiem
suf dung thuc pham
thee chUe
nang. Vf du che
do an kieng: Ngudi cd benh dj ufng thi khdng nen
an thit ga, ca chep; ngUdi de, ngUdi cam
ban
diu cd nhung che dd an kieng phu hdp. Nhufng
tap quan dd thuc chat la kinh nghiem suf dung
thuc pham thee chUc nang.

Nhung nam 60 eua thi ky trudc, Khea hgc
dinh dudng cung da nghien
cCfu
va phan leai
thuc pha'm thanh eac nhdm
thUc
an
kiim,
a
xi't
14 KH&CN Thanh Hoa so 3/2009
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO OOl
de khuyin nghj cho benh nhan di phdng eac
leai benh phat sinh cac loai sdi trong cd the (sdi
than,
sdi mat); viec khuyin nghj ngUdi dan suf
dung mudi an trdn i d't thay
che
mudi tinh la mdt
cudc van dpng Idn vi suf dung thuc pham
chUe
nang
Gan day, van di TPCN dupc quan tam
dac biet ke ca
tU
phia ngudi tieu dung, ngUdi
cung cap va nha quan ly, vdi mgt sd dac diem:
- Vi quan ly nha nudc, chu yiu mdi chi
dCfng d khau cap phep san xua't, luu thdng; cac
djnh chi quan ly vi lgi ich cua ngudi tieu dung

cdn han chi.
- TU phia nha san xua't va cung Cfng: dang
cdn mang tinh tu phat, chua cd nhirng tap dean
Idn dupc djnh hudng phat trien bPi mdt tu duy
khda hgc va cd trach nhiem; cac nha san xua't
nude ngeai chiim thj phan chu yiu.
- Vi phia ngUdi tieu dung cdn rat mdi me,
da so' ngUdi suf dung vi ky vgng vad tae dung
dugc quang cao, mgt sd khdng phan biet dupc
thudc vdi TPCN.
Xu hudng cua thi gidi hien dai va nhufng lo
ngai xung quanh van di TPCN:
Theo du bao cua nhiiu chuyen gia, thUc an
cua con ngudi trong the ky XXI la TPCN. ThUc
an khdng chi bao dam du
calo,
ngon, sach, ma
cdn phai chUa cac boat chat sinh hpc tu nhien
can cho sUc khoe va sac dep. Nd khdng chi diiu
khien dupe cac boat dgng
chUe
nang cua tCrng
bg phan trong ed the, tad che con
ngUdi
kha
nang miin djch cao, chd'ng sU lao boa, tang tudi
thg,
ma cdn giup con ngudi phdng chd'ng dugc
mdt sd benh, ki ca ung thU.Thi gidi hien dai
dang cd xu hudng quay ve vdi cac hgp chat

thien nhien cd trong dgng vat va cay cd, khai
thac kinh nghiem y hgc cd truyin va nin van
minh am thuc cua cac dan tdc phUdng Ddng.
Cac nudc phat trien cd xu hudng Ua chudng
cac TPCN hdn la dung thudc, theo quan diem la
"phdng benh hdn chufa benh". Chinh vi vay, cac
tap dean san xua't thud'c dang cd xu hudng
chuyen sang san xua't TPCN. Theo tinh toan cua
cac chuyen gia kinh ti, ngay nay doanh thu hang
nam tU eac leai TPCN tren The gidi da vugt ccn
so
100
ty USD. Cae nudc trong khu vUc, viec Cfng
dung CNSH trong san xua't thud'c va TPCN dang
dugc quan tam dac biet. Malaysia da xay dung
Vien Cdng nghe sinh hpc Dugc pham nam trong
"Thung lung Cdng nghe sinh hge - Bio Valley";
Trung Qud'c xay dung "Thung lung thud'c" Idn
nhat thi gidi de san xua't dugc pham va la
nUde
cd nhiiu thanh cdng trdng viec nang cap cdng
nghe y dugc cd truyin thanh cdng nghe cac.
Tuy nhien, cung cd nhufng ban khoan vi xu
hudng lam dung va nhufng hau qua khdng ludng
trude
tUTPCN.
Met sd nha khoa hpc va td chUc
vi mdi trudng (nhu Green Peace - td chUc Hda
binh xanh b chau Au) td y Id ngai viec thay ddi
Gen di truyin tao ra mpt so gid'ng cay trdng mdi

nhu:
dau nanh, bap, khoai tay tuy cd sUe de
khang sau benh, cho nang suat
cao,
nhumg lieu cd an toan che ccn
ngudi khi tiep nhan
thUe
an biin ddi
Gen hay khdng ? anh hudng len di
truyen eua leal ngudi va he sinh thai
nhu thi nad ? Day la nhung nghi
van ma cac nha san xua't san pham
ndng nghiep biin ddi Gen chua giai
dap ndi, nhung van dua san pham
cua minh ra thj trudng ac at, vdi
nhumg nhan hieu de lam ngUdi tieu
dung lea mat" nhU: "Ca chua chd'ng
ung thuf", "Ngd (bap) giau Vitamin
E", hay "Dau nanh cd chat beo
khdng bad hda cd dp dinh dudng
cao",
hoac "Gao giau Vitamin A".,.
(Hien nay, b Hoa Ky hdn 70% san
pha'm ndng nghiep la san pha'm
(Anh minh hoa)
(Xem tiep trang 28)
KH&CN Thanh Hoa so 3/2009
1
5
KET

QUA HOAT DONG KH&CN
sdm ung thu
dUdng sinh
san, dac
biet
la ung thu
CTC ddi vdi phu
nCf
trong
tinh,
can thUc hien
cac ndi dung:
- Tuyen truyen rdng rai de mpi ngUdi dan
trong tinh thay dupc vai trd quan trpng trong
cdng tac dU phdng dieu tri
sdm
ung thu dUdng
sinh san ndi chung va ung thU CTC ndi rieng
ddi vdi
sue
khoe sinh san cua phu nU,
- Cd chi dp kham dinh ky sUc khdi sinh
san ddi vdi phu nu thudc lua tudi sinh
de.
Day
la npi dung can dUdc xem nhU la mpt che dp bit
budc, ddi hdi khdng chi ddi vdi ngUdi phu nU
can phai vupt qua rad can tam ly: ngai din cac
cd sd y ti lien quan din sUc khoe sinh sin, ma
rat can dupc sU quan tam, ddng

vien.
chia se
cua ccng ddng, dac biet la cua gidi "may rau",
- Nha nUdc can cd chfnh sach hd trd ddi vdi
hdat ddng tam sdat, chan ddan sdm ung thu
CTC chd phu nU trdng
tinh,
TCmg budc dau
tU
trang thiit bi va dad tad can bd che he thdng y
te huyen de td chUc heat ddng kham va tam
scat chan
dean sdm
ung thu CTC phu nu tren
dia ban huyen. vUa tae diiu kien cho ngudi dan,
vUa giam tai cho tuyin
tinh.
THtfC
PHAM
CHUfC
NANG.
(Tiep theo trang 15)
biin ddi
gen.
Day la mdt thuc te ma ngay FDA
(cd quan quan ly thudc va thuc pham Hda Ky)
cung khdng the ngan can, giae phd
suchpn lUa
chd
ngUdi

tieu dung bing
each
bat budc nha
cung cap phai ghi rd "san pham bien ddi gen"
tren bao bi ddng gdi),
Chinh bdi nhung quang ba cUdng dieu tac
dung "ngan ngUa tat benh" cua TPCN (chd ring
nhCmg chat cd ban cua
lUdng
thuc nhu dam,
dudng,
chat bee,., ddng vai trd phu, cdn TPCN
trd thanh chu yiu trong van di dinh dudng cua
ccn ngudi trdng xa hpi phat
trien,
du thUa
dudng chat), lam nay sinh ra tam ly lam dung
heat chat sinh hpc de tang cudng cd bip, hdac
duy tri kha nang chju dung trdng hdat dpng the
due
the thad bang nhung loai thudc "ddpping"
nguy hiim, dan tdi hau qua la nhieu trudng hpp
bi tLf Vdng do ddt quj, tai biin ddt ngpt nhu
chung ta thudng nghe, thay tren cac phUdng
tien thdng tin,
Lcfi
khuyen doi
vol ngutri
tieu dung:
De phat huy dupc nhung mat tfch cUc, tranh

nhung nguy cd cd the xay ra dd'i vdi sUc khee
cen ngUdi, ngUdi tieu dung can phai than treng
trdng
lUa
chpn TPCN. Thee chung tdi, ba ndi
dung sau day can dupc chu y:
1) Thdng tin vi san pham:
Mpt trdng cac ndi dung bit budc phai ghi
tren nhan hang hoa theo quy dinh cua Nha
nudc ma ngUdi tieu dung can
luu
y la: Ten va
dia chi cua tc chuc, ca nhan chiu trach nhiem
ve hang hea, boat chat chfnh, han
sCf
dung va
cau:
"sin pham la thuc pham chUc nang, khdng
phai thudc".
2) PhUdng thUc ban va ngUdi ban:
Hien nay nhieu sin pham TPCN dupc ban
thee
kieu da cap - ngudi ban khdng chuyen
nghiep, chuyin tay nhau,,, va cd gia rat cac -
nhieu Idai trdng sd nay cd van di vi gia ca va
thudng cd khuynh hUdng khuyin khi'ch ngudi
dung lam dung (dung ked dai, benh gi cung
khdi,,,),
Vi vay, chi nen mua d nhung nha phan
phdi chinh thUc, hieu thudc hoac cufa hang cd

trach nhiem, kem theo phiiu xuat, de cd vin di
gi cdn tien cho nha quan ly can thiep,
3) Nha san xuat va mUc dp suf dung:
Vdi nhung nha sin xuat cd uy tin, thUdng
hieu Idn va san pham da dupe sCf dung lau dai
tren
thi
trudng, nhiiu ngudi suf dung - tUe la da
dupc thuc ti kiim chCmg - dp tin cay thUdng cac
hdn :
Thed giad su, tiin sy khda hpc LUu Duan -
Trudng dai hpc Cdng nghe Sai Gdn, cd ba ldi
khuyen "khdng nen" trong viec suf dung TPCN,
dd la:
Khdng tham lam: khdng nen suf dung qua
muc hay lam dung:
Dung ngp nhan: phii hieu biit tUdng tan,
khdng hieu sai vi tinh nang va hieu qua cua
TPCN:
Chd ci tin: tUc la lam theo ldi ngudi khac ndi
mpt
each
thiiu than trpng, thiiu khach quan,
khdng phu hdp vdi
minh.
28 KH&CN Thanh Hoa so 3/2009