tổng hợp ngữ pháp e from grade 9 - 12
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BÀI
MỞ
ĐẦU
ĐỘNG
TỪ
VERB
Động
từ
được
dùng
để
làm
hành
động
cho
chủ
từ.
Để
phân
biệt
các
loại
đ
ộng
từ
(kinds
of
verbs),
chúng
ta
hãy
quan
sát
sơ
đồ
dưới
đây:
Ve
rb
:
Special
verb
:
Auxiliary
verb
:
(do,
have,
be)
Modal
verb
:
(must,
can,
may,
might,
could,
should
…)
Regular
verb
:
(open,
close,
clean,
remember…)
Ordinary
verb
:
Irregular
verb
:
(run,
write,
speak,
drive…)
Động
từ
tiếng
Anh
có
hai
loại:
động
từ
đặc
biệt
(special
verb)
và
động
từ
thường
(ordinary
verb).
(1)
Động
từ
đặc
biệt
gồm
có:
*
Động
từ
trợ
(auxiliary
verb)
:
be
(dùng
để
chia
các
thì
tiếp
diễn,
thể
thụ
đ
ộng),
have
(dùng
để
chia
các
thì
hoàn
thành),
do
(dùng
để
chia
các
thể
phủ
đònh
và
ngh
i
vấn).
-
He
is
working
hard
this
month.
(thì
hiện
tại
tiếp
diễn)
-
The
house
was
built
five
years
ago.
(thể
thụ
động)
-
He
has
learned
English
for
two
years.
(thì
hiện
tại
hoàn
thành)
-
Do
you
like
tea
?
(thể
nghi
vấn)
-
She
does
not
like
coffee.
(thể
phủ
đònh)
*
Động
từ
khiếm
khuyết
(modal
verb)
:
cần
phải
có
động
theo
sau.
-
We
must
study
hard.
- He can play the piano.
Đặc
điểm
chung
của
các
động
từ
đặc
biệt
là
khi
đổi
sang
thể
phủ
đònh
ta
chỉ
cầ
n
thêm
NOT
vào
sau
các
động
từ
đó
và
khi
đổi
sang
thể
nghi
vấn
ta
đưa
các
động
tư
ø
đó
ra
đầu
câu.
-
He
is
not
working
hard
this
month.
-
Is
he
working
hard
this
month
?
-
He
has
not
found
his
book.
-
Have
you
seen
her
yet
?
-
She
cannot
swim.
-
Should
we
go
there
?
(2) Động từ thường gồm có :
1
* Động từ có qui tắc (regular verb) : là động từ khi thành lập thì quá khứ
đơn
(simple past) hay quá khứ phân từ (past paticiple) ta chỉ cần thêm –ED vào sau
động
từ đó.
- I opened the door this morning. (simple past )
- I have opened the door. (past participle)
* Động từ bất qui tắc (irregular verb) : là động từ có hình thức quá khứ (x
em cột
2 của bảng động từ bất qui tắc) và quá khứ phân từ (xem cột 3) riêng.
to go went gone
to write wrote written
to run ran run
to hit hit hit
- He went to the cinema last night. (simple past )
- He has gone out. (past participle)
Động từ thường có chung đặc điểm là khi đổi sang thể phủ đònh và nghi vấn
ta phải
dùng động từ trợ “to do”. Ta thêm NOT vào sau các động từ trợ ở thể phủ đònh
và đưa
động từ trợ ra đầu câu nếu ở thể nghi vấn.
- He did not go to the pub last night.
- Did he go to the cinema last night ?
- I do not like tea.
- Do you enjoy classical music ?
- She does not know the answer.
- Does he understand the lesson ?
* Động từ “to do” vừa là động từ thường vừa là động từ trợ.
- He does his homework. (động từ thường)
- He does not understand the lesson. (động từ trợ)
2
Bài
11::
CÁCH
DÙNG
CÁC
THÌ
(THE
USE
OF
TENSES)
Thì
biểu
thò
thời
gian
và
trạng
thái
của
hành
động
được
diễn
đạt
bằng
độn
g
từ.
Có
12
thì
ở
dạng
chủ
động
của
động
từ
tiếng
Anh.
Để
hiểu
được
hình
thái
của
các
thì,
ta
có
thể
nghiên
cứu
cách
chia
động
từ
TO
WORK
trong
bảng
dưới
đây
:
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect
continuous
Present
-
I
(You
/
We
/
They)
work
-
He
((She
/
It)
works
-
I
am
working
-
He
(She
/
It)
is
working
-
You
((We
/
They)
*
1
1.
SO
SÁNH
THÌ
SIMPLE
PRESENT
VÀ
THÌ
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
Tiếng
Anh
có
hai
thì
hiện
tại
mà
đa
số
các
em
học
sinh
hay
lẫn
lộn
cách
sử
dụ
ng.
Đó
là
thì
hiện
tại
đơn
(Simple
Present)
và
thì
hiện
tại
tiếp
diễn
(Present
Continuo
us).
*
Thì
Simple
Present
được
dùng
để
chỉ
một
hành
động
diễn
ra
trong
thời
gian
n
ói
chung,
không
nhất
thiết
phải
là
thời
gian
ở
hiện
tại.
Thời
gian
nói
chung
là
thời
gi
an
mà
sự
việc
diễn
ra
mỗi
ngày
(every
day),
mỗi
tuần
(every
week),
mỗi
tháng
(every
month),
mỗi
năm
(every
year),
mỗi
mùa
(every
spring
/
summer
/
autumn
/
winter)
…
3
- He goes to school every day.
- Mrs Brown travels every summer.
* Thì Present Continuous được dùng để chỉ một hành động đang xảy ra (aa c
urrent
activity) hay một sự việc chúng ta đang làm bây giờ (now/ at present/ at this m
oment),
hôm nay (today), tuần này (this week), năm nay (this year)…
- We are learning English now.
- Mary is playing the piano at the moment.
Hãy so sánh : - I work in a bakery every day.
- I’m working in a bakery this week.
* CHÚ Ý :
(1) + Thì Simple Present thường được dùng với các động từ chỉ tri giác (verb
s of
perception) như : feel, see, hear… và các động từ chỉ trạng thái như : know, und
erstand,
mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need, want, remember, recognize, believe…
+ Ngoài ra chúng ta còn dùng thì Simple Present với động từ : be,
appear,
belong, have to…
+ Thì Simple Present còn được dùng với các trạng từ chỉ tần suất lập đi lậ
p lại
(adverbs of frequency) như : always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, ggene
rally,enerally,
rarely, never…
- That child needs care.
- This book belongs to me.
- He never comes late.
+ Chúng ta cũng dùng thì Simple Present để chỉ một chân lý hay một sự t
hật hiển
nhiên (a general truth).
- The sun rises in the east.
- Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom.
(2) Thì Present Continuous còn được dùng để chỉ hành động ở một tương lai
gần (a
near future action) và thường đi với các trạng từ chỉ tương lai như : tomorrow, n
ext
week, next month, next year, next summer…
Exercise I : Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present contin
uous
tense.
1/ I (have) __________ coffee for breakfast every day.
2/ My brother (work) __________ in a shoe store this summer.
3/ The student (look) ___________ up that new word now.
4/ She (go) __________ to school every day.
5/ We (do) __________ this exercise at the moment.
4
6/
Miss
Helen
(read)
___________
a
newspaper
now.
7/
It
(rain)
__________
very
much
in
the
summer.
It
(rain)
_________
now
.
8/
Bad
students
never
(work)
__________
hard.
9/
He
generally
(sing)
__________
in
English,
but
today
he
(sing)
______
____
in
Spanish.
10/
We
seldom
(eat)
__________
before
6.30.
11/
She
sometimes
(buy)
___________
vegetables
at
his
market.
12/
Be
quiet.
The
baby
(sleep)
____________.
13/
We
always
(do)
___________
our
exercises
carefully.
14/
Look.
A
man
(run)
___________
after
the
train.
He
(want)
_________
__
to
catch
it.
15/
It
(be)
__________
very
cold
now.
16/
John
(travel)
__________
to
England
tomorrow.
17/
I
(need)
____________
some
money
for
my
textbooks.
18/
Tom
(like)
__________
to
go
to
the
museums.
19/
Mary
(love)
__________
ice-cream.
20/
My
mother
(cook)
___________
some
food
in
the
kitchen
at
present.
S
he
always
(cook)
__________
in
the
mornings.
21/
I
often
(leave)
__________
the
city
at
weekends.
22/
The
guests
(watch)
__________
the
TV
programmes
now.
23/
I
(see)
___________
you
(wear)
___________
your
best
clothes.
24/
The
sun
(set)___________
in
the
west.
25/
My
friend
(study)
__________
English
for
an
hour
every
night.
26/
Listen.
I
(hear)___________
someone
knocking
at
the
front
door.
27/
I
(do)
__________
an
exercise
on
the
present
tense
at
the
moment
and
I
(think)
__________
that
I
(know)
__________
how
to
use
it
now.
28/
Honesty
(be)
__________
the
best
policy.
29/
The
earth
(goes)
__________
round
the
sun.
30/
Two
and
two
(make)
__________
four.
*
2
SO
SÁNH
THÌ
PRESENT
PERFECT
VÀ
THÌ
SIMPLE
PAST
5
* Thì Present perfect (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ một quá khứ
không
rõ thời điểm còn liên lạc với hiện tại.
* Thì Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) được dùng để chỉ một quá khứ có thời điể
m rõ rệt
cắt đứt với hiện tại.
+ CHÚ Ý :
(1) Thì Present Perfect thường đi với những từ như : up to now, up to the p
resent,
so far (cho tới nay), not … yet (vẫn chưa), for, since, ever (đã từng), never, seve
ral
times (nhiều lần), just (vừa), recently (vừa mới), lately (mới đây)
- Have you ever seen a tiger ?
- The train has not arrived yet.
- We have lived here for 6 years.
- The bell has just rung.
(2) * Thì Simple Past thường đi với những tiếng chỉ thời gian quá khứ xác
đònh
như : yesterday, the day before yesterday last week, last month, last yea
r, last
summer, ago.
- We came here a month ago.
- He went to the cinema yesterday.
* Thì Simple Past còn được dùng để chỉ một chuỗi các hành động kế ti
ếp xảy
ra trong quá khứ.
- He closed all the windows, locked the doors and then went out.
erday,
Exercise II : Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past te
nse.
1/ We (never watch) __________ that TV programme.
2/ We (wacth) __________ a good programme on TV last night.
3/ He (read) __________ that novel many times before.
4/ He (read) __________ that novel again during my last vacation.
5/ I (have) __________ a little trouble with my car last week.
6/ However, I (have) __________ no trouble with my car since then.
7/ I (not see) __________ John for a long time. I (see) __________ him
3
weeks ago.
8/ The school bell (ring) __________. We must go now.
9/ I (meet) __________ Mary last night. She (become) __________ a v
ery big
girl.
10/ He is very thirsty. He (not drink) __________ since this morning.
11/ It is very hot. Summer (come) __________.
12/ They (study) __________ at this school for 7 years now.
6
13/
They
(begin)
__________
to
study
at
this
school
7
years
ago.
14/
Since
when
(you
know)
___________
her
?
15/
How
long
ago
(he
start)
__________
to
learn
French
?
16/
She
(lose)
__________
her
handbag
on
the
train
yesterday
morning.
17/
My
mother
(be)
________
in
hospital
for
a
long
time
and
she
cannot
g
o
home
yet.
18/
His
dog
(just
run)
__________
out
of
the
garden.
19/
Mr
Brown
(travel)
__________
by
air
several
times
in
the
past.
20/
He
(travel)
___________
to
Mexico
by
air
last
summer.
*
3.
SO
SÁNH
THÌ
PRESENT
PERFECT
VÀ
THÌ
PRESENT
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
+
Thì
Present
perfect
(Hiện
Tại
Hoàn
Thành)
được
dùng
để
chỉ
kết
quả
của
m
ột
tình
trạng
ở
hiện
tại
(the
result
of
the
present
state),
một
việc
xảy
ra
trong
quá
khứ
không
rõ
thời
điểm,
lập
đi
lập
lại
nhiều
lần
và
kéo
dài
đến
hiện
tại.
+
Thì
Present
Perfect
Continuous
(Hiện
Tại
Hoàn
Thành
Tiếp
Diễn)
được
dùn
g
để
chỉ
sự
tiếp
diễn
của
một
hành
động
(the
continuity
of
an
action)
cho
tới
hiện
tại.
-
I
have
been
waiting
for
two
hours,
but
she
has
not
come
yet.
-
He
has
been
living
here
since
1975.
-
We
have
been
working
in
the
garden
all
morning.
+
Thì
Present
Perfect
Continuous
còn
được
dùng
với
các
động
từ
như
:
lie,
wait
,
sit,
stand,
study,
learn,
live,
rest,
stay…
-
They
have
been
learning
English
since
1995.
-
The
chair
has
been
lying
in
the
store
window
for
ages.
Exercise III
:
Put
the
verbs
in
brackets
in
the
present
perfect
or
the
present
perfect
continuous
tense.
1/
I
(try)
__________
to
learn
French
for
years,
but
I
(not
succeed)
______
____
yet.
2/
She
(read)
_________
all
the
works
of
Dickens.How
many
(you
r
ead)
_________
?
3/
I
(wait)
__________
here
nearly
half
an
hour
for
my
girlfriend;
do
you
t
hink
she
(forget)
__________
to
come
?
4/
Mary
(rest)
__________
in
the
garden
all
day
because
she
(be)
______
____
ill.
7
5/ Although John (study) __________ at the University for 5 years, he (
not get)
__________ his degree yet.
6/ Jack (go) __________ to Switzerland for a holiday. He (never,
be)
__________ there.
7/ We (live) __________ here for the last six months, and (just, d
ecide)
__________ to move.
8/ That book ( lie) __________ on the table for weeks. You (not
read)
_________ it yet ?
9/ He (not be) ___________ here since Christmas; I wonder where he (l
ive)
__________ since then.
10/ He (lose) ___________ his books. He (look) ____________ for the
m all
afternoon, but they (not turn up) ___________ yet.
11/ She (work) ___________ so hard this week that she (not
have)
___________ time to go to the cinema.
12/ Your hair is wet. (You swim) __________ for a long time ?
13/ Bill is still a bad driver although he (drive)__________ cars for six y
ears.
14/ You look very tired. (You work) __________very hard ?
15/ The phone (ring) __________ for 2 minutes, but I (not answer) ____
______
it yet.
Exercise IV : Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses.
1/ I (be) __________ sorry. I (forget) __________ that fellow’s name al
ready.
2/ Jack (look) __________ forward to his vacation next June.
3/ I (have) __________ no trouble with my english lessons up to now.
4/ Mr and Mrs Brown (be) ___________ in New York for 2 months.
5/ Michael (work) __________ 38 hours a week.
6/ At present, that author (write) ___________ a novel.
7/ George (do) __________ good work in this class so far.
8/ The weather( generally, get) __________ hot in July .
9/ You must wake her up. She (sleep) __________soundly for 10 hours.
10/ Listen! I (think) __________ someone (knock) __________ at the fr
ont
door.
11/ How long (you learn) __________ English?
12/ That student (know) __________ all the new words very well now.
13/ Alice (lose) __________ her Vienamese-English dictionary.
8
14/
Fred
(just,
graduate)
__________
from
Oxford
University.
15/
The
earth
(circle)
__________
the
sun
once
every
365
days.
16/
That
grandfather
clock
(stand)
__________
there
for
as
long
as
I
can
remember.
17/
That
brown
briefcase
(belong)
__________
to
Dr.Rice.
18/
Jim
(work)
__________
on
his
report
this
year.
19/
Robert
(wait)
__________
for
you
since
noon.
20/
That
museum
(stand)
___________
here
for
ceturies.
21/
The
sun
(get)
__________
very
hot
during
the
afternoon.
22/
Tom
(buy)
___________
a
new
car
next
week.
23/
The
boys
and
girls
(go)
___________
home
after
this
lesson.
24/
Davis
(play)
__________
football
every
afternoon.
25/
Up
to
the
present,
we
(write)
__________
almost
every
lesson
in
this
b
ook.
*
4.
SO
SÁNH
THÌ
SIMPLE
PAST
VÀ
THÌ
PAST
CONTINUOUS
+
Thì
Simple
Past
(Quá
Khứ
Đơn)
được
dùng
để
chỉ
một
hành
động
ngắn
(thìn
h
lình) xảy ra trong quá khứ.
-
I
met
him
in
the
street
yesterday.
+
Thì
Past
Continuous
(Quá
Khứ
Tiếp
Diễn)
được
dùng
để
chỉ
một
hành
động
kéo
dài
trong
quá
khứ
tương
ứng
với
một
hành
động
khác
cũng
trong
quá
khứ.
-
I
met
him
while
he
was
crossing
the
street.
-
She
was
going
home
when
she
saw
an
accident.
+
Thì
Past
Continuous
còn
diễn
tả
một
hành
động
kéo
dài
tại
điểm
thời
gian
xá
c
đònh
ở
quá
khứ
hoặc
hai
hành
động
liên
tiếp
song
song
với
nhau.
-
My
father
was
watching
TV
at
8
o’clock
last
night.
-
I
was
doing
my
homework
while
my
father
was
watching
TV.
Exercise V :
Put
the
verbs
in
brackets
in
the
past
simple
or
the
past
continuous
ten
se.
1/
He
(sit)
__________
in
a
bar
when
I
(see)
__________
him.
2/
When
I
(go)
__________
out,
the
sun
(shine)
__________.
3/
The
light
(go)
__________
out
while
I
(have)
__________
tea.
4/
When
it
(rain)
__________
,
she(carry)
__________
an
umbrella.
5/
We
(walk)
__________
to
the
station
when
it
(begin)
__________
to
rai
n.
9
6/
He
(teach)
__________
English
for
2
months
when
he
(live)
in
German
y
and
(work)
__________
as
a
journalist.
7/
The
house
(burn)
__________
fast,
so
we
(break)
__________
the
wind
ow
to
get
out.
8/
He
(eat)
__________
three
sandwiches
while
you
(talk)
__________
to
him.
9/
The
servant
(drop)
__________
two
cups
while
she
(wash
up)
_______
___
last
night;
neither
of
them
(break)
__________.
10/
While
I
(write)
__________
a
letter,
the
telephone
(ring)
__________;
as
he
(go)
__________
to
answer
it,
he
(hear)
__________
a
knock
on
the
door;
the
telephone
(still,
ring)
__________
while
he
(walk)
__________
to
the
door,
but
ju
st
as
he
(open)
__________
it,
it
(stop)
__________.
*
5.
SO
SÁNH
THÌ
SIMPLE
PAST
VÀ
THÌ
PAST
PERFECT
+
Thì
Past
Perfect
((Quá
Khứ
Hoàn
Thành)
dùng
để
chỉ
một
hành
động
xảy
ra
trước
một
hành
động
khác
cũng
trong
quá
khứ
(past
action).
-
When
he
had
finished
his
work,
he
went
home.
-
By
the
time
I
arrived
at
the
station,
the
train
had
gone.
+
Thì
Past
Perfect
còn
diễn
tả
một
hành
động
xảy
ra
trước
một
điểm
thời
gian
xác
đònh
ở
quá
khứ.
-
By
10
o’clock
last
night,
I
had
gone
to
bed.
Exercise VI :
Put
the
verbs
in
brackets
in
the
past
simple
or
the
past
perfect
tense
1/
They
(go)
__________
home
after
they
(finish)
__________
their
work.
2/
He
(do)
_________
nothing
before
he
(see)
___________
me.
3/
He
(thank)
__________
me
for
what
I
(do)
__________
for
him.
4/
I
(be)
__________
sorry
that
I
(hurt)
__________
him.
5/
After
they
(go)
__________
,
I
(sit)
__________
down
and
(
rest)
__________.
6/
When
I
(arrive),
the
dinner
(already,
begin)
______________.
7/
My
friend
(not
see)
__________
me
for
many
years
when
I
(mee
t)
__________
last
week.
8/
He
(learn)
__________
English
before
he
(leave)
__________
for
Engl
and.
9/
In
England,
he
soon
(remember)
__________
all
he
(learn)
__________
.
10/
They
(tell)
__________
him
they
(not
meet)
__________
him
before.
1
0
ense.
11/
He
(ask)
__________
why
we
(come)
__________
so
early.
12/
She
(say)
__________
that
she
(already,
see)
___________
Dr.
Rice.
13/
By
the
time
Bill
(get)
__________
there,
the
meeting
(start)
________
__.
14/
When
we
(arrive)
__________
at
our
place,
we
(find)
__________
that
a
burglar
(break)
____________
in.
15/
Almost
everybody
(leave)
_________
for
home
by
the
time
we
(arrive
)
________.
*
6
.
SO
SÁNH
THÌ
PAST
PERFECT
VÀ
THÌ
PAST
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
+
Thì
Past
Perfect
Continuous
(Quá
Khứ
Hoàn
Thành
Tiếp
Diễn)
dùng
để
nhấ
n
mạnh
tính
liên
tục
của
hành
động
trước
khi
một
hành
động
quá
khứ
khác
xảy
ra.
Hãy
so
sánh
:
-
She
had
been
studying
English
before
she
came
here
for
classes.
(Hành
động
had
been
studying
xảy
ra
liên
tục
cho
tới
khi
hành
động
came
fo
r
classes
xảy
ra).
-
She
had
studied
English
before
she
came
for
classes.
(Hành
động
had
studied
chấm
dứt
trước
hành
động
came
for
classes)
Và
hãy
so
sánh
:
-
It
had
been
raining
when
I
got
up
this
morning.
(Mưa
đã
dứt
khi
tôi
t
hức
dậy.)
-
It
was
raining
when
I
got
up
this
morning.
(Mưa
vẫn
còn
khi
tôi
thức
dậy.)
Exercise VII
:
Put
the
verbs in
brackets
in
the
past
simple
or
the
past
p
erfect
continuous
tense.
1/
I
(ask)
_________
him
what
he
(do)
__________.
2/
Tom
(be)
_________
tired.
He
(run)
__________
for
an
hour.
3/
Although
he
(go)
__________
to
the
doctor
for
6
months,
he
(not,
feel)
__________
any
better.
4/
The
telephone
(ring)
__________
for
5
minutes
before
it
(be)
________
__
answered.
5/
They
(tell)
__________
me
you
(live)
__________
in
London
before
th
e
war.
6/
The
poor
man
(wait)
__________
for
6
hours
before
he
(be)
_________
_
brought into the room.
1
1
7/
By
noon
that
day,
we
(drive)
__________
for
5
hours.
8/
The
robber
who
(watch)
__________
him
running
to
the
tree
(sit)
__________
down
under
its
branches
and
(begin)
__________
to
attack
him.
9/
I
(ask)
_________
her
what
she
(do)
_______
since
she
(arrive)
______
__
in
England.
10/
She
(tell)
__________
me
that
she
(study)
__________
English
literatu
re.
*
7.
SO
SÁNH
THÌ
SIMPLE
FUTURE
VÀ
THÌ
FUTURE
CONTINUOUS
+
Thì
Simple
Future
(Tương
Lai
Đơn)
diễn
tả
một
hành
động
sẽ
xảy
ra
(có
hoặ
c
không
có
thời
gian
xác
đònh
ở
tương
lai);
còn
thì
Future
Continuous
(Tương
Lai
Ti
ếp
Diễn)
diễn
tả
một
hành
động
liên
tiến
tại
điểm
thời
gian
xác
đònh
ở
tương
lai.
-
He
will
go
to
the
stadium
next
Sunday.
-
We
will
/
shall
have
the
final
test.
Hãy
so
sánh
:
-
I
will
eat
breakfast
at
6
o’clock
tomorrow.
(Vào
lúc
6
giờ
sáng
mai,
t
ôi
sẽ
bắt
đầu
dùng
bữa
điểm
tâm.)
-
I
will
be
eating
breakfast
at
6
o’clock
tomorrow.
(Vào
lúc
6
giờ
sáng
mai,
tôi
sẽ
đang
dùng
bữa
điểm
tâm.)
+
Trong
các
mệnh
đề
trạng
từ
chỉ
thời
gian
(adverb
clause
of
time)
hay
mệnh
đ
ề
điều
kiện
(adverb
clause
of
condition),
thì
Simple
Present
được
dùng
để
thay
thế
cho
thì
Simple
Future.
-
I
shall
not
go
until
I
see
him.
-
If
he
comes
tomorrow,
he
will
do
it.
+ Chú ý :
WILL
còn
được
dùng
cho
tất
cả
các
ngôi.
Exercise VIII
:
Put
the
verbs
in
brackets
in
the
simple
present
or
the
simple
future
tense.
1/
We
(go)
__________
out
when
the
rain
(stop)
__________.
2/
I
(stay)
_________
here
until
he
(answer)
__________
me.
3/
Wait
until
I
(catch)
__________
you.
4/
I
(be)
_________
ready
before
you
(count)
_________
ten.
5/
John
must
eat
his
breakfast
before
he
(go)
__________
out.
6/
Miss
Helen
(help)
___________
you
as
soon
as
she
(finish)
_________
that
letter.
7/
He
(tell)
_________
you
when
you
(get)
__________
there.
8/
She
(not
come)
__________
until
you
(be)
_________
ready.
9/
He
(tell)
__________
you
when
you
(ask)
__________
him.
1
2
10/
I
(come)
________
and
(see)
_________
you
before
I
(leave)
_______
_
for
England.
*
8.
SO
SÁNH
THÌ
FUTURE
PERFECT
VÀ
THÌ
FUTURE
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
+
Thì
Future
Perfect
(Tương
Lai
Hoàn
Thành)
được
dùng
để
chỉ
một
hành
độn
g
sẽ
hoàn
thành
trước
một
hành
động
khác
trong
tương
lai
hay
một
điểm
thời
gian
ở
tư
ơng
lai.
-
The
taxi
will
have
arrived
by
the
time
you
finish
dressing.
-
By
next
Christmas,
he
will
have
lived
in
Dalat
for
5
years.
+
Để
nhấn
mạnh
tính
liên
tục
của
hành
động,
chúng
ta
dùng
thì
Future
Perfect
Continuous
(Tương
Lai
Hoàn
Thành
Tiếp
Diễn).
-
By
the
time
you
receive
this
letter,
we
shall
have
been
travelling
throug
h
Russia.
-
By
next
June,
they
will
have
been
working
in
this
factory
for
12
years.
Exercise IX :
Put
the
verbs
in
brackets
in
the
simple
present,
simple
future,
present
perfect
or
future
perfect
tense.
1/
I’ll
wait
until
he
(write)
__________
his
next
novel.
2/
When
you
(come)
_________
back,
he
(already
buy)
__________
a
ne
w
house.
3/
Don’t
come
until
I
(finish)
_________
lunch.
4/
I
(hope)
_________
it
(stop)
__________
raining
by
5
o’clock
this
after
noon.
5/
The
river
(not
begin)_________
to
rise
until
some
rain
(fall)_________
_.
6/
I
(stay)
__________
here
until
you
(finish)
_________
your
work.
7/
By
next
month,
I
(leave)
_________
for
India.
8/
He
(finish)
_________
his
work
before
you
(leave)
__________.
9/
Before
you
(go)
__________,
they
(leave)
__________
the
country.
10/
The
meeting
(finish)
_________
by
the
time
we
(get)
_________
there
.
Exercise X :
Put
the
verbs
in
brackets
in
the
simple
present,
simple
future,
f
uture
continuous
or
future
perfect
tense.
1/
We
(send)
__________
you
a
telegram
as
soon
as
we
(arrive)
________
_
in
London.
2/
When
George
(come)
__________
this
afternoon,
he
(bring)
________
__
his
friends.
1
3
3/ I (speak) _________ to you about that matter after the meeting tonig
ht.
4/ By the time you (receive) __________ this letter, we (cross) _______
___ the
Atlantic Ocean.
5/ By this time next week, you (meet) __________ my boyfriend, Ali.
6/ I (wait) __________ for you right here when you (come) __________
out of
the building.
7/ She (wait) __________ for you at 5 o’clock this afternoon.
8/ I (give) __________ it back as soon as he (want) __________ it.
9/ I (not move) __________ from here until you (get) __________ back.
10/ They (not come) __________ home until they (see) _____
_____
everything.
Exercise XI : Supply the correct tense.
1/ They (just decide) __________ that they (undertake) ___________ th
e job.
2/ We (go) ___________ to the theatre last night.
3/ He usually (write) __________ in green ink.
4/ She (play) __________ the piano when our guests (arrive) ________
__ last
night.
5/ We (do) __________ an English exercise at the moment.
6/ She (just come) __________ in and (see) __________ you in 5 minut
es.
7/ I (come) __________ as soon as my work is finished. (You be) _____
_____
ready ?
8/ Where (you go) __________ for your holiday last year ?
9/ I (not leave) _________ Paris since we (go) _________ to Dieppe thr
ee
years ago.
10/ My mother (come) __________ to stay with us next weekend.
11/ We (meet) __________ only yesterday and (already decide) _____
_____
to get married.
12/ I (never see) __________ snow.
13/ Violets (bloom) __________ in spring.
14/ We (not live) ___________ in England for the last two months.
15/ I (lose) _________ my keys; I cannot remember where I last
(see)
_________ them.
16/ He (not arrive) __________ when I (write) __________ my last lett
er to
you.
1
4
17/ Whenever you (go) _________ to town nowadays, you (spend) ____
_____
a lot of money.
18/ I (never forget) __________ what you (just tell) __________ me.
19/ They (prepare) __________ the Christmas dinner today.
20/ When I last (stay) ___________ in Cairo, I (ride) __________
to the
Pyramids on a camel that my friend (borrow) ____________ the day before.
21/ I (finish) ___________ the book before my next birthday.
22/ “Hello! (You make) __________ a cake ?
23/ He (walk) __________ very quickly when I (meet) _________
_ him
yesterday.
24/ We (meet) __________ you tomorrow after you (finish) _________
_ your
work.
25/ Yesterday I (buy) __________ a new watch as my old one (b
e)
__________ stolen.
Exercise XII : Supply the correct tense.
1/ He said he (be) __________ sorry he (give) __________ me so
much
trouble.
2/ I am sorry that I (not know) _________ you (leave) __________ your
pipe
when you (come) __________ to see me last Thursday.
3/ He (be) __________ so good to me when I was a boy that to this day I
(not
forget) __________ his kindness, and I hope that I (never forget) __________.
4/ He (sleep) __________ and (not understand) ___________ what you
(say)
__________ to him. He (wake) __________ if you (speak) __________ louder.
5/ Some animals (not eat) ___________ during the winter and only (co
me)
__________ out in spring.
6/ After leaving school he (study) __________ French in Paris for two y
ears
and then (move) __________ to America, where he now (live) _________. He
(visit)
__________ England once or twice and (know) __________ English well; but (
not
have) __________ yet the opportunity of visiting European countries.
7/ I (know) __________ him for a very long time.
8/ When my friend Tom grows a beard, even his closest friends (not rec
ognize)
__________ him.
9/ When I (meet) __________ him in the street, he (go) __________ to t
he
pictures.
10/ I (study) _________ English for six years now.
1
5
11/ I expect he (leave) __________ for France as soon as he (get) ____
______
a visa.
12/ He (visit) ______ his friend yesterday and (find) _______ that
he (be)
________ out.
13/ They (sell) _________ all the dresses before we (get) __________ t
here.
14/ After she (work) __________ at the hospital for two years, she (deci
de)
__________ to give up the job.
15/ He will come at once because I (tell) __________ him by phone that
you
(need) __________ him urgently. I’m sure he (find) __________ his way
easily
although he (never visit) __________ this house before.
16/ By the time you get back, I (finish) __________ all my corresponde
nce and
then I (can help) ______________ you with yours.
17/ In a few minutes’ time, when the clock (strike) __________ six, I (w
ait)
__________ here for an hour.
18/ He (know) ________ her a long time before he finally (get) _
______
married to her.
19/ I hope it (not rain) __________ when the bride (leave) __________
the
church.
20/ I (tell) a lie if I said that I (like) __________ you.
21/ They (intend) __________ to go there next week; but now the
y (find)
__________ they (not have) __________ enough money.
22/ When he grew old he often (think) __________ of all the things he (
do)
___________ when he (be) __________ young.
23/ When we (go) __________ to see them last night, they (play) _____
_____
cards; they (say) __________ they (play) __________ since six o’clock.
24/ This is the second time you (break) __________ a cup; you (b
reak)
__________ one yesterday. My last servant (never break)____________ a
nything,
and you (break) ___________ nearly half the things in the house.
25/ I always (tell) ___________ you to comb your hair, but you never (d
o)
___________ what I (say) ___________ .
EXERCISE XIII : Use the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
1/ Mrs Reed (turn) _________ on the radio in her car while she (drive) ____
_____
home yesterday. She (listen) ___________ to some music when she suddenly (
hear)
___________ a siren. She (look) ____________ in her mirror and (see) ______
___ an
ambulance behind her. She immediately (pull) ________ her car to the side of t
he
road and (wait) _________ for the ambulance (pass) _________.
1
6
2/ My mother (call) ___________ me around 5 o’clock. My husband (
come)
_________ home a little after that. When he (come) __________ home,
I (talk)
___________ to my mother on the phone.
3/ Next month I (have) _________ a week’s vacation. I (plan) _________ to
take a
trip. First I (go) _________ to Madison, Wisconsin to visit my brother. After I (l
eave)
________ Madion, I (go) _________ Chicago to see a friend who (study) ____
_____
at a university there. She (live) _________ in Chicago for three years, so she (
know)
_________ her way around the city. She (promise) _________ to take me to
many
interesting places. I (never, be) _________ in Chicago, so I (look) _________ f
orward
to going there.
4/ Yesterday John (eat) _____________ breakfast at 8:00. He (already,
eat)
_________ breakfast when he (leave) ____________ for class at 8:45. He (alw
ays,
eat) _________ breakfast before he (go) _____________ to class. I (usually, no
t eat)
_________ breakfast before I (go) _________ to class. But I (usually, get) ___
______
hungry about midmorning. Tomorrow before I (go) _____________ to class, I (
eat)
_________ breakfast.
5/ Last year, I (go) __________ mountain climbing for the first time. It was
exciting
and terrifying at the same time. We (move) ___________slowly and carefully,
and it
(take) ___________ three days to get to the top. When we climbed onto the su
mmit,
we (find) ___________ another group of climbers. They (arrive) ___________
several
hours ahead of us. They (have) ___________ dinner and listening to Beethove
n. We
(laugh) __________ and they (invite) ___________ us to join them. The climb
(be)
___________, to say the least, an unforgettable experience.
6/ The weather (be) ___________ terrible lately. It (rain) ___________ off
and on
for two days, and the temperature (drop) ___________ at least twenty degrees.
It (be)
___________ in the low 40s right now. Just three days ago, the sun (shin
e)
___________ and the weather was pleasant. The weather certainly (
change)
___________ quickly here. I never know what to expect. Who knows ? When I
(wake)
___________ up tomorrow morning, maybe it (snow) ___________.
7/ A taxi driver (drive) ____________ along a street when he suddenly (bla
ck out)
___________ and lost control of his vehicle. The taxi (plunge) _________
into a
nearby river. A hawker, who (see) ______________ the accident, rushed from
his
coffee stall and (dive) ___________ into the water. He (have) ___________ to
swim
twenty five metres before he could get to the taxi. The taxi driver
(try)
______________ to wind down the window. The hawker reached into the taxi f
or the
safety-belt. After he (release) __________ the safety-belt, he pulled the driver
out
through the partially open window. At the hospital, the driver (say) _________
___
that the black out might (cause) ______________ by his high blood pressure co
ndition.
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7
8/ Marie Curie, the Polish-born chemist, was a courageous and determined
woman.
She (leave) ___________ her home for Paris to pursue her interest in science.
Living
in poverty, she still (manage) ___________ to graduate at the top of her class.
She
(meet) ___________ Pierre Curie shortly after graduation and (marry) ______
_____
him a year later.
Together, Pierre and Marie (form) ___________ the most famous husband-
and-
wife partnership in science history. They (discover) ___________ the radi
oactive
elements, Polonium and Radium. They (award) ___________ the Nobel P
rize for
Physics in 1903.
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8
Bà i 2 :
CÂU
ĐIỀU
KIỆN
(Conditional
Sentence)
Một
câu
điều
kiện
có
hai
mệnh
đề
:
mệnh
đề
chỉ
điều
kiện
(tức
mệnh
đề
phụ)
còn
được
gọi
là
mệnh
đề
có
if
If-clause)
và
mệnh
đề
chỉ
kết
quả
còn
được
gọi
là
mện
h
đề
If-
clause
Main
clause
Simple
present
If-clause
Main
clause
Past
Subjunctive
(If
