Bsi bs en 00818 1 1996 + a1 2008

BS EN
818-1:1996
+A1:2008

BRITISH STANDARD

Short link chain for
lifting purposes —
Safety —

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Part 1: General conditions of
acceptance

ICS 53.020.30

12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:

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BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008.

It supersedes BS EN 818-1:1996 which is withdrawn.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
MHE/1, Chains and fittings.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.

This British Standard was
published under the authority
of the Standards Board and
comes into effect
on 15 November 1996

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication
Date

Comments

30 September 2008

Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2008

© BSI 2008

ISBN 978 0 580 64211 1

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The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in
the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the
CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is
indicated by !".


EUROPEAN STANDARD

EN 818-1:1996+A1

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

April 2008

ICS 53.020.30

Supersedes EN 818-1:1996

English Version

Short link chain for lifting purposes - Safety - Part 1: General
conditions of acceptance
Chnes de levage à maillons courts - Sécurité - Partie 1:
Conditions générales de réception

Kurzgliedrige Rundstahlketten für Hebezwecke - Sicherheit
- Teil 1: Allgemeine Abnahmebedingungen

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 March 1996 and includes Corrigendum 1 issued by CEN on 20 November 1996 and
Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 10 February 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

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EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36

© 2008 CEN

B-1050 Brussels

All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Ref. No. EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008: E


BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

Contents

Page

Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................4
1

Scope ......................................................................................................................................................7

2

Normative references ............................................................................................................................7

3

!Terms and definitions".................................................................................................................7

4

Hazards ...................................................................................................................................................9

5
5.1
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3

Safety requirements ............................................................................................................................10
Dimensions...........................................................................................................................................10
Material, manufacture and heat treatment ........................................................................................10
Material .................................................................................................................................................10
Welding and trimming .........................................................................................................................10
Heat treatment......................................................................................................................................10
Surface finish .......................................................................................................................................10
Links inserted in the course of manufacture....................................................................................10

Mechanical properties .........................................................................................................................11
Manufacturing proof force (MPF) .......................................................................................................11
Breaking force (BF) and total ultimate elongation (A) .....................................................................11
Bend deflection ....................................................................................................................................11

6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.5.1
6.5.2
6.5.3
6.5.4
6.6
6.6.1
6.6.2
6.7
6.8

Verification of safety requirements....................................................................................................13
!Qualification of personnel .............................................................................................................13
Material diameter .................................................................................................................................13
Condition of chain tested....................................................................................................................13
Selection of samples ...........................................................................................................................13
Static tensile test .................................................................................................................................14
Testing machine...................................................................................................................................14
Tensile test samples............................................................................................................................14
Procedure .............................................................................................................................................14

Total ultimate elongation (A) ..............................................................................................................14
Bend test...............................................................................................................................................14
Test equipment ....................................................................................................................................14
Procedure .............................................................................................................................................15
Acceptance criteria..............................................................................................................................15
Re-tests.................................................................................................................................................15

7
7.1
7.2
7.3

Marking .................................................................................................................................................15
Grade marking......................................................................................................................................15
Manufacturer's marking ......................................................................................................................15
Additional marking ..............................................................................................................................15

8

Manufacturer's certificate ...................................................................................................................16

9

!Information" for use ...................................................................................................................16

Annex A (normative) Requirements for the static tensile test machine......................................................17
Annex B (normative) Requirements for the bend test equipment ...............................................................19
Annex C (informative) Proposed contractual clauses...................................................................................20
C.1
General..................................................................................................................................................20

C.2
Inspection .............................................................................................................................................20
C.3
Inspection marking ..............................................................................................................................20

2

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Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................5


BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

C.4

Steel makers cast analysis .................................................................................................................20

Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC............................................................................................21
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC........................................................................................22

!Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................23

3

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BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

Foreword

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2008 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by October 2008.
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-02-10.
This document supersedes EN 818-1:1996.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ".
The modifications of the related CEN Corrigendum have been implemented at the appropriate places in the
text and are indicated by the tags ˜ ™.
!This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this

document."
The other parts of EN 818 are:
Part 2: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings – Grade 8
Part 3: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings – Grade 4
Part 4: Chain slings – Grade 8
Part 5: Chain slings – Grade 4
!Part 6: Chain slings – Specification for information for use and maintenance to be provided by the
manufacturer"
!Part 7: Fine tolerance hoist chain, Grade T (Types T, DAT and DT)"
A further part or parts will cover fine tolerance chains for chain hoists and other lifting appliances.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

4

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This document (EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 168 “Chains,
ropes, webbing, slings and accessories - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.

BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

Introduction
This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means of conforming
with the essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
This Directive stipulates that where chain with welded links is used for lifting accessories it is to be of short link
type and for the purposes of this standard this is chain having a ratio of nominal pitch to nominal size of 3:1.
Chains covered by this European Standard are divided into grades which relate to the mechanical properties
of the finished product and not simply to the strength of the material. Each grade is identified by a letter for
fine tolerance chain or number for medium tolerance chain in the series: M,4; P,5; S,6: T,8; V,10 (see note 1
to table 0). The letter or number indicates the mean stress at the minimum breaking force as shown in table 0.
The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this Part of EN 818. In addition, lifting
equipment shall comply as appropriate with !EN ISO 12100" for hazards which are not covered by this
standard.
!This standard is a Type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for equipment
that have been designed and build according to the provisions of this type C standard."

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BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

Table 0 — Basis of grade symbols
Grade
Fine tolerance

Medium tolerance

Mean Stress at the
specified minimum
2
breaking force, N/mm

M

4

400

P

5

500

S

6

630

T

8

800

V

10

1000

NOTE: Chains in all of these grades may not be the subjects of European
Standards.
This grading system has also been applied to hooks, links, shackles and
other accessories, indicating their strength compatibility with the
appropriate grade of chain.
The stresses in a chain link are not uniform and at the extrados at the
crown particularly, the maximum fibre stress is considerably greater than
the mean stress obtained by dividing the force by the total cross-sectional
area of both legs of the link.

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BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

1

Scope

This part of EN 818 specifies the general conditions of acceptance related to safety for electrically welded
round steel short link chain for lifting purposes. It includes:
a)

medium tolerance chain for use in chain slings and for general lifting service and;

b)

fine tolerance chain for use with hoists and other similar lifting appliances.

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The hazards covered by this Part of EN 818 are identified in clause 4.
Annex C gives proposals for clauses covering inspection, inspection marking and steel makers cast analysis
which may be included in a form of contract.

2

Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
!deleted text"
!EN 818-6:2000+A1", Short link chain for lifting purposes - Safety - Part 6: Chain slings, instructions for
use and maintenance
!EN 1050", Safety of machinery - Risk assessment
EN 10002-2, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 2: Verification of the force measuring system of the
tensile testing machines
!EN ISO 12100-1, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
EN ISO 12100-2, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical
principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)"

3

!Terms and definitions"

!For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and symbols apply."
3.1
nominal size (dn)
nominal diameter of the round section steel wire or bar from which the chain is made
3.2

material diameter (dm)
diameter of the material in the chain link as measured
3.3
weld diameter (ds)
diameter at the weld as measured

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BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

3.4
length dimensionally affected by welding (e)
length on either side of the centre of the link, affected by welding
3.5
pitch (p)
internal length of a link as measured
3.6
manufacturing proof force (MPF) of chain
force to which during manufacture the whole of the chain is subjected
3.7
breaking force (BF)
maximum force which the chain withstands during the course of a static tensile test to destruction

3.8
working load limit (WLL) of chain
maximum mass which the chain hanging vertically is authorized to sustain in general lifting service.
3.9
total ultimate elongation (A)
total extension at the point of fracture of the chain expressed as a percentage of the internal length of the test
sample
3.10
processing
any treatment of the chain subsequent to welding, for example, heat treatment, polishing or dimensional
calibration
3.11
lot
specified quantity from which test sample(s) is/are selected
!3.12
competent person
designated person, suitably trained and qualified by knowledge and practical experience and with the
necessary instructions to enable the required tests and examination to be carried out
EN ISO 9001:2000, 6.2 gives guidance on training."
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NOTE

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BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

4

Hazards

!Accidental release of a load, or release of a load due to" failure of lifting accessories such as slings or
their component parts puts at risk either directly or indirectly the !safety or health" or health of those
persons within the danger zone of lifting equipment.
In order to provide the necessary strength and durability of lifting accessories this Part of EN 818 lays down
requirements for the design, selection of materials of construction and testing to ensure that specified levels of
performance are met.
Fatigue failure has not been identified as a hazard for all types of chain having the specified levels of
performance given in this Part of EN 818 when used in general lifting service.
Since failure can be caused by the incorrect choice of grade and specification of lifting accessories this Part of
EN 818 also gives the requirements for marking and the manufacturer's certificate.
The risk of injury due to sharp edges, sharp angles or rough surfaces when handling is also covered by this
Part of EN 818.
Those aspects of safe use associated with good practice are given in !EN 818-6:2000+A1".
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Table 1 contains !those hazards", which require action to reduce risk identified by risk assessment as
being specific and significant for short link chain.
Table 1 — Hazards and associated requirements
Hazards identified in annex A of !EN 1050"

!1 e)"

Relevant clause/subclause of this Part of
EN 818

Mechanical
hazard
due to inadequacy of
strength

5
!deleted text"

6
7
8
9

!1.3"

Cutting hazard

5.2

!1.8"

Friction or abrasion
hazard

5.2

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BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

5

Safety requirements

5.1

Dimensions

The material diameter (dm). the pitch (p) and the width (w1, w2) of a chain link, and the multiple pitch length (l)
of a chain (see figure 1) shall be as specified in the Part of EN 818 for the particular type (medium or fine
tolerance) and grade of chain.

5.2

Material, manufacture and heat treatment

5.2.1

Material

The material shall comply with the requirements of the Part of EN 818 for the particular type and grade of
chain.
Within these limitations it shall be the chain manufacturer's responsibility to select a steel such that the
finished chain, suitably heat treated, complies with the specified mechanical properties in the relevant Part of
EN 818.
Check analysis, when required, shall be carried out on the basis of a complete transverse section of the
material of a link which may be selected from a test sample of chain which has been tested to destruction.
5.2.2

Welding and trimming
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The weld shall be produced using the resistance butt or flash butt processes and shall be positioned in the
centre of one leg of the link as shown in figure 1. The length dimensionally affected by welding shall not
extend on either side of the centre of the leg by more than the amount specified in the Part of EN 818 for the
particular type and grade of chain.
The weld shall be smoothly finished all round. The diameter of the material at the weld (ds) shall nowhere
exceed the dimensions specified in the Part of EN 818 for the particular type and grade of chain.
The steel in the length affected by welding shall nowhere be displaced so as to undercut the contours of the
link.
5.2.3

Heat treatment

All the chain shall be subjected to the appropriate heat treatment specified in the Part of EN 818 for the
particular type and grade of chain, before the application of the manufacturing proof force.
5.2.4

Surface finish

The "finished" condition (see !6.3") for chain shall include any surface finish.
NOTE
Chains are supplied in various surface finishes e.g. natural black (i.e. furnace scaled), de-scaled, electroplated
or painted.

5.2.5

Links inserted in the course of manufacture

Any links which have been inserted in the course of manufacture shall be processed similarly to the chain in
such a way as to ensure that every link in the finished chain is in a uniform condition. Where links have been
inserted after manufacturing proof testing (see 5.3.1) that portion of the chain affected by such processing
shall then !again" be subjected to the manufacturing proof force and re-examined.

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BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

5.3
5.3.1

Mechanical properties
Manufacturing proof force (MPF)

After heat treatment all chains shall be subjected to the manufacturing proof force specified in the Part of
EN 818 for the particular type and grade of chain. After the force is removed the chain shall be examined by a
competent person and any faulty links replaced. The chain shall articulate freely when manipulated by the
examiner.
NOTE
Adequate facilities should be provided with suitable lighting, for the purpose of examining the chains after they
have been subjected to the manufacturing proof force.

Chains are supplied in various surface finishes (see 5.2.4). Where processes are used which involve the risk
of chain embrittlement e.g. acid cleaning or electroplating, the manufacturing proof force shall be re-applied in
the finished condition.
5.3.2

Breaking force (BF) and total ultimate elongation (A)

The breaking force and total ultimate elongation of chain in the finished condition shall meet or exceed the
requirements specified in the Part of EN 818 for the particular type and grade of chain.
5.3.3

Bend deflection

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!The minimum bend deflection of sample links" of chain in the finished condition shall be as specified in

the Part of EN 818 for the particular type and grade of chain.

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BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

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˜

l

e
A

W2

W1

ds

e

dm

A
P

A-A

Key
l = multiple pitch length
p = pitch
dm = material diameter
ds = weld diameter
e = length dimensionally affected by welding
w1 = internal width away from the weld
w2 = !deleted text" width over the weld

Figure 1 — Link and chain dimensions™

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BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008

EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

6
6.1

Verification of safety requirements
!Qualification of personnel

All testing and examinations shall be carried out by a competent person."

6.2

Material diameter

The material diameter of a finished link shall be determined by taking the mean of two measurements of the
section at right angles in the same plane. The measurements shall be made away from the weld and on the
straight side of the link to avoid the effect of measuring any flattening of the section due to contact with the
forming mandrel.

6.3

Condition of chain tested

Chain shall be subjected to test in the finished condition (see 5.2.4) except that natural black chain shall be
descaled. Chain samples shall be clean and free from oil and grease.
NOTE
This requirement for the test condition is not intended to prohibit the chain from being given a temporary
protective coating prior to despatch.

6.4

Selection of samples

The following sampling arrangements shall apply to the chain:
a)

Test samples shall be selected at random;

b) For sampling purposes the chain shall be divided into lots. The length of the lot shall be as specified in
the Part of EN 818 for the particular type and grade of chain;
c) Static tensile tests: the number of samples taken from each lot of finished chain or part thereof shall be as
given in table 2;
d) Bend tests: The number of samples taken from each lot of finished chain or part thereof shall be as given
in table 2.
Table 2 — Number of samples
Number of samples

Nominal size, dn
Sizes up to and including 6mm

3

Sizes over 6 mm up to and including 16 mm

2

Sizes over 16 mm

1

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BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

6.5

Static tensile test

6.5.1

Testing machine

The testing machine shall comply with the requirements of Annex A.
6.5.2

Tensile test samples

Test samples shall consist of a minimum of five links. Two additional links may be required to engage the jaws
of the testing machine unless this is done by half-links or some other method; these additional links shall not
be taken into account when determining total elongation.

6.5.3

Procedure

The tensile test shall be carried out using an autographic recorder to produce a force/extension diagram (see
annex A, figure A.1).
The sample shall be gripped without twist in such a manner that the links can be freely loaded. The grips shall
be designed and constructed so that slip does not occur. The rate of loading shall be evenly applied (e.g. at a
2
rate of 10 N/mm /s).
The breaking force shall comply with the acceptance criteria specified in !6.7" and in the Part of EN 818
for the particular type and grade of chain.
6.5.4

Total ultimate elongation (A)

The total ultimate elongation shall be based on the total extension at fracture, ∆Lt, shown in the
force/extension diagram (see annex A, figure A.1). This shall then be expressed as a percentage of the
nominal internal length, Ln, of the sample after manufacturing proof testing, unless specified otherwise in the
Parts of EN 818 for the particular types and grades of chain. The nominal internal length of the sample is the
sum of the nominal pitches constituting the test sample. The minimum total ultimate elongation shall be as
specified in the Part of EN 818 for the particular type and grade of chain, where:

A=

∆Lt
× 100%
Ln

where:

Ln = npn and pn = 3dn;
n = number of links;
pn = nominal pitch;
∆Lt = Lt – L0.

6.6

Bend test
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6.6.1

Test equipment

The bend test equipment shall comply with the requirements of annex B.

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BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

6.6.2

Procedure

Each single link shall be bent in a shock-free manner as shown in annex B, in the bend test equipment, and
shall conform with the acceptance criteria specified in !6.7" and in the Part of EN 818 for the particular
type and grade of chain.

6.7

Acceptance criteria

For nominal sizes of chain up to and including 6 mm, where three test samples shall be tested, if two or more
fail to meet the individual test requirements in the appropriate Part of EN 818, the lot shall be deemed !not
to conform to" this European Standard. If only one test sample fails to meet the individual test requirement
in the appropriate Part of EN 818, the re-test procedure given in !6.8" !shall be" applied.
For nominal sizes of chain over 6 mm up to and including 16 mm, where two test samples shall be tested, if
both the test samples fail to meet the individual test requirements in the appropriate Part of EN 818 the lot
shall be deemed !not to conform to" this European Standard. If one test sample fails to meet the
individual test requirements in the appropriate Part of EN 818 and the other test sample meets those
requirements the re-test procedure given in !6.8" !shall be" applied.
For nominal sizes of chain over 16 mm only one test sample shall be tested. If the test sample fails to meet
the individual test requirements in the appropriate Part of EN 818, the re-test procedure given in !6.8"
!shall be" applied.

6.8

Re-tests

Should one sample fail to fulfil the individual requirements of the appropriate Part of EN 818, two further
samples !shall be" selected, at the request of the manufacturer, from the same lot of chain for re-testing.

When a re-test is carried out the lot shall be !deemed to conform to" the individual test requirements only
if both the additional tests are satisfactory.

7
7.1

Marking
Grade marking

The grade mark shall be the capital letter in the case of fine tolerance chain, or number, in the case of medium
tolerance chain, designating the grade of chain. It shall be legibly stamped or embossed on at least every
twentieth link, or links at intervals of 1 m, whichever is the lesser distance.
The maximum height of marks shall be 2 mm or 25 % of the nominal size of the chain, whichever is the
greater.
Stamps, if used, shall have a concave surface and the indentation shall be such as to not impair the
mechanical properties of the chain link.

7.2

Manufacturer's marking

The manufacturer's trade mark or symbol shall be marked in the same manner and at the same intervals as
for grade marking (see 7.1).

7.3

Additional marking

Any lot or other marking shall be either:
a)

in the same manner and at the same intervals as for grade marking (see 7.1); or

15

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BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

b) legibly stamped or embossed on all end links of chain(s) or on idle links or on substantial metal tags, or
on links permanently attached to the end links.

8

Manufacturer's certificate

The manufacturer shall supply a certificate of test and examination stating conformance with the appropriate
Part(s) of EN 818 with every supply of chain.
The certificate of test and examination shall give at least the following information:
a)

The name and address of the manufacturer or his authorized representative, including date of issue of the
certificate and authentification;

b)

number and Part(s) of EN 818;

c)

quantity and description of the chain of which the test sample is representative;

d)

identification of the chain of which the test sample is representative;

e)

nominal size of chain, in millimetres;

f)

manufacturing proof force, in kilonewtons;

g)

breaking force, in kilonewtons (i.e. confirmation that the specified minimum breaking force was met or
exceeded);

h)

total ultimate elongation at fracture, as a percentage (i.e. confirmation that the specified minimum total
ultimate elongation has been met or exceeded).

9

!Information" for use

!Information" for use for each particular type and grade of chain shall accompany the chain and shall for
chain slings be in accordance with the relevant clauses of !EN 818-6:2000+A1".

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16

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BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

Annex A
(normative)
Requirements for the static tensile test machine

The stroke of the straining mechanism in relation to the length of the chain tested shall be sufficient for the full

force to be applied without the need for taking a fresh hold.
The machine shall be calibrated and certified in accordance with EN 10002-2 and shall comply with class 1
conditions of accuracy.

The machine used for the static tensile test described in !6.5" shall be provided with an autographic
recorder enabling a force/extension diagram to be taken during the test. (See !6.5" and figure A.1).

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A signed certificate of the last examination shall be displayed near to the machine.


BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008
EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E)

!

1

2

3

4

Lo

Lt

5

Key
1

breaking force (BF)

2

specified minimum breaking force (BF min)

3

manufacturing proof force (MPF)

4

working load limit (WLL)

5

total extension at fracture ∆lt

"
NOTE
!The purpose of this diagram" is to illustrate the terms used; the shape of the curve is schematic and it is
not intended to relate to any particular grade of chain.

Figure A.1 — Force/extension diagram

18

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