Bsi bs en 14197 1 2003

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BRITISH STANDARD

Cryogenic vessels —
Static non-vacuum
insulated vessels —
Part 1: Fundamental requirements

The European Standard EN 14197-1:2003 has the status of a
British Standard

ICS 23.020.40

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BS EN
14197-1:2003


BS EN 14197-1:2003

National foreword

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This British Standard is the official English language version of
EN 14197-1:2003.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
PVE/18, Cryogenic vessels, which has the responsibility to:
—

aid enquirers to understand the text;

—

present to the responsible international/European committee any
enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the
UK interests informed;

—

monitor related international and European developments and
promulgate them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European
publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue
under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or
by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British
Standards Online.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

This British Standard, was
published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and

Strategy Committee on
2 September 2003

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 11 and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.

Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No.
© BSI 2 September 2003

ISBN 0 580 42561 4

Date

Comments


EUROPEAN STANDARD

EN 14197-1

NORME EUROPÉENNE

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EUROPÄISCHE NORM

August 2003

ICS 23.020.40

English version

Cryogenic vessels - Static non-vacuum insulated vessels - Part
1: Fundamental requirements
Produits cryogéniques - Récipients fixes, non isolés sous
vide - Partie 1: Exigences fondamentales

Kryo-Behälter - Ortsfeste nicht vakuum-isolierte Behälter Teil 1: Grundanforderungen

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 July 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36

© 2003 CEN

All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
worldwide for CEN national Members.

B-1050 Brussels

Ref. No. EN 14197-1:2003 E


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EN 14197-1:2003 (E)

Contents

page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................3
1

Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................4

2

Normative references ....................................................................................................................................4

3

Terms and definitions....................................................................................................................................4

4

General requirements....................................................................................................................................7

5
5.1
5.2
5.3

Mechanical loads ...........................................................................................................................................7
General............................................................................................................................................................7
Load during the pressure test ......................................................................................................................7
Other mechanical loads ................................................................................................................................7

6

Corrosion effects ...........................................................................................................................................8

7

Thermal loads.................................................................................................................................................8

8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4

Material............................................................................................................................................................8

General............................................................................................................................................................8
Selection of materials....................................................................................................................................8
Inspection certificate .....................................................................................................................................8
Materials for equipment ................................................................................................................................9

9

Design, fabrication, inspection and testing ................................................................................................9

10

Marking ...........................................................................................................................................................9

11

Final acceptance test...................................................................................................................................10

12

Periodic inspection ......................................................................................................................................10

Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard adressing essential requirements or other
provisions of EU directives.........................................................................................................................11

2


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EN 14197-1:2003 (E)

Foreword
This document (EN 14197-1:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 268 “Cryogenic vessels”,
the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by February 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by February 2004.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).
For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
EN 14197 consists of the following parts under the general title “Cryogenic vessels – Static non-vacuum insulated
vessels” :








Part 1: Fundamental requirements;
Part 2: Design, fabrication, inspection and testing;
Part 3: Operational requirements.

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According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

3

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EN 14197-1:2003 (E)

1

Scope

This European Standard specifies the fundamental requirements for static non-vacuum insulated cryogenic vessels
designed for a maximum allowable pressure greater than 0,5 bar.
This European Standard applies to static non-vacuum insulated cryogenic vessels for fluids as specified in 3.1.
For static non vacuum insulated cryogenic vessels designed for a maximum allowable pressure of not more than
0,5 bar, this European Standard can be used as a guide.
This European Standard is not applicable to vessels built on-site.

2

Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 1252-1, Cryogenic vessels - Materials - Part 1: Toughness requirements for temperatures below - 80
C.
EN 1252-2, Cryogenic vessels  Materials - Part 2: Toughness requirements for temperatures between - 80
C and
- 20
C.

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EN 1626, Cryogenic vessels  Valves for cryogenic service.
EN 1797, Cryogenic vessels  Gas/Material compatibility.

EN 10204:1991, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents.
EN 12213, Cryogenic vessels – Methods for performance evaluation of thermal Insulation.
EN 13275, Cryogenic vessels - Pumps for cryogenic service.
EN 13648-1:-, Cryogenic vessels – Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure – Part 1: Safety valves for
cryogenic service.
EN 13648-2, Cryogenic vessels – Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure –Part 2: Bursting disc safety
devices for cryogenic service.

prEN 14197-2, Cryogenic vessels - Static non vacuum insulated vessels - Part 2: Design, fabrication, inspection
and testing.
prEN 14197-3, Cryogenic vessels - Static non vacuum insulated vessel - Part 3: Operational requirements.

3

Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1
cryogenic fluid (refrigerated liquefied gas)
a gas which is partially liquid because of its low temperature.

4


EN 14197-1:2003 (E)

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In the context of all parts of this standard the following (refrigerated but) non-toxic gases and mixtures of them are
referred to as cryogenic fluids as given in table 1:
Table 1
Classification
code
3 A

3O

3F

a

b

Identification number, name and description a
Asphyxiant gases
2187

Carbon dioxide, refrigerated liquid

3158

Gas, refrigerated liquid, N.O.S.b

Oxidizing gases
2201

Nitrous oxide, refrigerated liquid

3311

Gas, refrigerated liquid, oxidizing, N.O.S

Flammable gases
1038

Ethylene, refrigerated liquid

3312

Gas, refrigerated liquid, N.O.S. b

Item group, identification number, name and description according to ADR
N.O.S. = not otherwise specified

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The flammable gases and mixtures of them may be mixed with: Carbon dioxide or other asphyxiant gases.
NOTE

Mixtures of oxidizing and flammable gases are not acceptable.

3.2
static cryogenic vessel
a thermally insulated vessel intended for use by one or both cryogenic fluids at a stationary place, consisting of an
insulated vessel, all of the valves and equipment1) together with any additional supporting facilities.
This static cryogenic vessel is intended to be transported empty or containing marginal residues of gas. This static

cryogenic vessel represents a complete assembly ready for putting into service.
3.3
thermal insulation
an insulating layer around the vessel. The layer is normally covered by cladding (e.g. of steel, aluminium or plastic).
3.4
vessel
vessel intended to contain the cryogenic fluid.
3.5
normal operation
the intended operation of the vessel up to the maximum allowable pressure within the designed temperature range
when it is located at a site.
It means also the transport of the vessel when empty or containing marginal residues of gases including the
handling loads defined in 3.6.

1)

in PED ‘accessories’

5


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EN 14197-1:2003 (E)

3.6
handling loads
the loads exerted on the static cryogenic vessel in all expected situations during operation including loading,
unloading, installation etc.
3.7

putting into service
the operation by which a vessel is prepared to be used for the first time. It applies to either a new vessel used for
the first time or a vessel which has been taken out of service and will be brought into service
3.8
documentation
technical documents delivered by the manufacturer to the owner consisting of :










all certificates establishing the conformity with this standard;
a short description of the vessel (including characteristic data etc.);
a list of fluids and their net mass for which the cryogenic vessel is designed;
an operating manual (for the user) which consists of








a short description of the vessel (including characteristic data etc.),
a statement that the vessel is in conformity with this standard ;
the instructions for normal operation.

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3.9
piping system
all pipes which can come in contact with cryogenic fluids including their valves, fittings, pressure relief devices as

well as their supports.
3.10
safety accessories
devices which have a safety related function with respect to pressure containment and/or control (e. g. protective or
limiting devices, regulating and monitoring devices, valves, indicators).
3.11
manufacturer of the static cryogenic vessel 2)
the company who carries out the final assembly and testing of the static cryogenic vessel.
3.12
volume of the vessel
volume of the shell, excluding nozzles, pipes etc. determined at minimum design temperature and atmospheric
pressure.
3.13
pressure
pressure relative to atmospheric pressure, i.e. gauge pressure. Vapour pressure is always expressed in absolute
pressure.
3.14
maximum allowable pressure (ps)
the maximum operating pressure at normal operating conditions normally measured at the top of equipment,
specified for safety reasons

2

) in the sense of PED

6


EN 14197-1:2003 (E)

ps is equivalent to PS used in article 1, 2.3 of the PED.

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NOTE

3.15
filling factor
the maximum quantity of gas in kg which may be filled in one litre of the cryogenic vessel.

4

General requirements

The static cryogenic vessel shall safely withstand the mechanical and thermal loads and the chemical effects
encountered during pressure test, normal operation and repressurization of the vessel following a fall in
temperature below the minimum design level. (see also 7.3) These requirements are deemed to be satisfied if
clauses 5 to 9 are fulfilled. The vessel shall be marked in accordance with clause 10, tested in accordance with
clauses 11 and 12 and operated in accordance with prEN 14197-3.

5

Mechanical loads

NOTE

Throughout this European Standard ps is equivalent to PS used in article 1, 2.3 of the PED and pT is equivalent to
PT used in annex I of the PED

5.1

General

The cryogenic vessel shall resist the mechanical loads mentioned in clause 4 without such deformation which could
affect safety and which could lead to leakage. This requirement can be validated by








calculation;
by calculation and pressure strengthening;

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calculation and experimental method.

The mechanical loads to be considered are given in 5.2 and 5.3.

5.2

Load during the pressure test

The loads exerted during the pressure test is

 

pT 1,43 ps
where
pT

is the test pressure, in bar;

ps is the maximum allowable pressure (= relief device set pressure), in bar.

5.3

Other mechanical loads

The following loads shall be considered to act in combination where relevant:










a pressure equal to the maximum allowable pressure in the inner vessel and pipework;
the pressure exerted by the liquid when filled to capacity;
loads produced by the thermal movement of the inner vessel, outer jacket and interspace piping;
loads imposed during installation and removal of the empty vessel;
7


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EN 14197-1:2003 (E)




wind loads and other side conditions (e.g. seismic loads, thermal loads) to the vessel when filled to capacity.

6

Corrosion effects

Due to the nature of cryogenic fluids, their temperatures, and the fact that the (inner) vessel is inside a clad
insulation, no external or internal degradation mechanisms is reasonable foreseeable on the cryogenic vessel.
Therefore no corrosion allowance is required on surfaces in contact with the operating fluid or surfaces of the inner
vessel covered by the clad insulation. Additionally, no inspection openings are required.

7

Thermal loads

The following thermal conditions shall be taken into account:
7.1 For the vessel and its associated equipment the full range of temperature expected; e.g. for CO2:






a minimum temperature of - 40 °C or - 60 °C (depending on kind of material in contact with the cryogenic
fluid);
a maximum temperature of + 50 °C

7.2 For other equipment than that covered in 7.1:






a minimum ambient temperature of – 20 °C;

a maximum ambient temperature of + 50 °C.

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7.3 Special consideration shall be given to thermal and mechanical loads arising when the vessel temperature is
below its minimum design level, e.g. when pressurizing a vessel containing solid CO2.

8
8.1

Material
General

For the materials used to manufacture the static cryogenic vessels, the requirements specified in 8.2, 8.3 and 8.4
shall be applied:

8.2

Selection of materials

8.2.1 Materials which are or might be in contact with cryogenic fluids shall be selected to be compatible with
EN 1797.
8.2.2 The toughness requirements of metallic materials used at cryogenic temperatures shall be determined from
EN 1252-1 and EN 1252-2; for non-metallic materials low temperature suitability shall be validated by an
experimental method, taking into account service conditions.
For suitable material specification see prEN 14197-2. For other materials an "European approval of
8.2.3
pressure equipment material" (according to Article 11 of the Directive 97/23/EEC) or a particular material appraisal
shall be available.

8.3

Inspection certificate

The properties of materials according to 8.2 shall be certified by an inspection certificate 3.1 B in accordance with
EN 10204.
8


EN 14197-1:2003 (E)

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8.4

Materials for equipment

Equipment not subjected to cryogenic temperature shall be manufactured from material suitable for the intended
service.

9
9.1
2.

Design, fabrication, inspection and testing
Static cryogenic vessels shall be designed, fabricated, inspected and tested in accordance with prEN 14197-

9.2 Static cryogenic vessels shall be equipped with valves, a pressure relief system etc. configured and installed
in such a way that the vessel can be operated safely.
Means shall be provided to ensure that the filling factor is not exceeded. The vessel and any section of pipework

containing cryogenic fluid which can be isolated, shall be protected against over pressurization.
Relief devices shall follow the requirements of EN 13648-1 and EN 13648-2.
Valves shall follow the requirements of EN 1626.
Couplings shall follow the requirements of EN 13275.
9.3

The static cryogenic vessel shall be clean for the intended service in accordance with EN 12213.

9.4 The manufacturer shall retain the documentation referred to in 3.8 for a period required by regulation (e.g.
Product Liability). The manufacturer shall retain the necessary documentation from his subcontractors (if any) to
permit manifestation and traceability.

10 Marking

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The static cryogenic vessel shall carry the following information on a data plate mounted or in clearly legible and
durable characters permanently attached to the vessel.
a)

On the vessel:
1)

"EN 14197-1" to show that the static cryogenic vessel is in conformity with this standard;

2)

Year of manufacture;

3)

Name and address, or other means of identification of the manufacturer of the static cryogenic vessel;

4)

Serial number of the static cryogenic vessel;

5)

Maximum allowable working pressure (PS in bar) of the static cryogenic vessel;

6)

Test pressure (PT in bar) of the static cryogenic vessel. (Optional marking);

7)

Volume of the vessel (in litres);

8)

Date of the final acceptance tests (Year, month);

9)

Final acceptance test mark;

10) The identification of those cryogenic fluids for which the static cryogenic vessel is approved;
11) A reference to the operating instructions;
In addition the following shall be provided prior to filling:

9


EN 14197-1:2003 (E)

12) A flow sheet with operation instructions;

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13) Proper shipping name of the fluid which is stored in the static cryogenic vessel;
14) Risk and Safety Phrases and danger label(s) associated with the fluid and according to the Substances
Directive;
15) Name and address, tel. of the fluid producer or supplier and emergency call number.
The marks as described under 1) to 12) shall be permanently affixed, e.g. stamped, either on a reinforced part of
the static cryogenic vessel, or on a data plate.
The methods employed for marking and attaching shall not adversely affect the integrity of the static cryogenic
vessel.
The information described under 13) to 16) can either be stamped or indicated on a durable information plate or
label attached to the static cryogenic vessel or indicated in an adherent and clearly visible manner such as painting
or by an equivalent process.
Additional markings are permitted, provided that they do not obscure or create confusion with specified markings
required by this European Standard.

11 Final acceptance test
The marking specified in clause 10, item 9) after the final acceptance test on the static cryogenic vessel confirms
that the vessel meets the requirements of this European Standard.

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The mark specified in clause 10, item 9) also confirms that the static cryogenic vessel is ready for putting into

service provided that the requirements of prEN 14197-3 (Operational Requirements) are met.

12 Periodic inspection
The static cryogenic vessel has to be inspected periodically. To show that the vessel is periodically inspected, the
confirmation of the positive inspection and the date of the inspection has to be marked on the data plate.
The periodic inspection shall be done in accordance with prEN 14197-3.

10


EN 14197-1:2003 (E)

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Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC
This European standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New
Approach Directive 97/23/EC .

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and
has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the clauses
of this standard given in table ZA confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of
conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA
regulations.

Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 97/23/EC
Harmonised clauses of

prEN 14197-1

Essential Requirements (ERs) of Directive
97/23/EC

Qualifying
remarks/Notes

5

Design for adequate strength

Annex I, 2.2.1 to 2.2.4

8

Materials

Annex I, 7.5

9.2

Provision to ensure safe handling and operations

Annex I, 2.3

10

Marking

Annex I, 3.3

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WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard.
Compliance with the clauses of this standard provides one means of conforming to the specific essential
requirements of the Directive concerned and associated EFTA regulations.

11


BS EN
14197-1:2003

BSI — British Standards Institution

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