VIETNAM
TOWARDS LOW CARBON
AGRICULTURE
TRANSFORMATION: ROLE OF
DIGITAL AGRICULTURE
TECHNOLOGIES
Dina Umali-Deininger
Practice Manager, Agriculture and Food Global
Practice for East Asia and Pacific, World Bank
Vietnam’s Agricultural Success and Opportunities for the Future
Vietnam remains a global agriculture powerhouse
•
•
Ag export revenue grew from US$10 billion in 2000 to over
US$40 billion by 2020.
Vietnam is top exporter of many commodities
Top exporter in cashew
64.7
Vietnam
India
Netherlands
Germany
Brazil
Ivory Coast
Indonesia
Mozambique
USA
2nd top exporter of coffee
Brazil
Vietnam
Colombia
Indonesia
Ethiopia
Honduras
India
Uganda
Mexico
Peru
11.5
7.6
5.7
2.1
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.6
37.4
17.1
8.4
7.1
4.3
3.6
3.4
3.3
2.4
2.2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
3rd top exporter of rice
India
Thailand
Vietnam
Pakistan
USA
China
Mynamar
Italy
Brazil
27.9
17.6
9.9
9.1
7.7
4.6
4.4
2.5
1.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Sustaining Vietnam’s Agriculture Growth Faces Many
Challenges
Agric. sector growth slowing - TFP’s
contribution to sector growth is
declining
%
5
1991-2000
2001-2005
2006-2018
• Water-use inefficiency
• Over-use of fertilizers and pesticides
• Pollution from rice residue burning
• Soil degradation,
erosion, land
subsidence
• Forest and
ecosystem
degradation
4
3
Unsustainable
intensification
Environmental
degradation
Slowing agric
growth, rising
GHG emissions
Worsening
effects of
climate change
2
1
nd
ila
Th
a
l ip
pi
ne
s
am
Ph
i
tn
Vi
e
ia
In
d
es
ia
on
In
d
ys
ia
al
a
M
Ch
i
na
0
• Lower yields and incomes
• Lower productivity growth
• Higher GHG emissions
•Sea-level rise
• Salt-water
intrusion
• Adverse climate
events
Agriculture is now a Major Contributor to Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Total emissions (Mil. tons CO2eq) and
contributions by sectors (%)
Rice System : Major contributor of
Methane & Nitrous Oxide
Emissions!
Rice cultivation
enteric fermentation/
livestock
synthetic fertilizers
manure management
manure left on pasture
manure supplied to
soils
crop residues
others
Vietnam Government’s Strategic Priorities for Sustainable Agricultural
Development
Agricultural Restructuring
Program
To promote agricultural
transformation: Phase III (2021-2025)
focuses towards low-carbon
development and climate change
adaptation.
Economic
Ag. Growth: 2,63%/year (20112015), 3,5 - 4,0%/
year 2021-2025
Social
Income growth: 2008Environment
2020: 2,5 times
Forest coverage:
New Rural Communes: 42% by2025
20% by 2015 and 50%
by 2025
NDC targets
Green Growth Strategy (Decision
1658/QĐ-TTg)
Strategic Orientations for Agriculture and Rural
Development
6.8 million
tCO2eq/year
GHG emission reduction
compared to BAU.
Unconditional without intl.
Support
by 2030
25.8 million
tCO2eq/year
Emission reduction
compared to the BAU
with intl. Support
by 2030
• Formulate and
implement tasks to
develop an efficient,
sustainable, lowemissions
commodity
agricultural sector in
the direction of a
circular economy,
climate smart and
• Develop and
resilience.
implement programs
and projects on the
protection and
restoration of
ecosystems and
biodiversity in
agriculture, forestry
and fisheries,
recovery and
increase of carbon
sequestration.
• Promote market
linkages in product
value chains, and
improve
competitiveness of
green, safe and
organic agricultural
products, meeting
international and
domestic standards.
• Accelerate the new
rural development
in a green and
sustainable direction
with more
communes meeting
new rural
development
criteria.
Digital Innovations Important for Vietnam’s Low Carbon Agriculture Development
Wide Scope for Scaling up Innovative Digital Solutions
ICT Platforms
•
Mobile apps
Digital solutions
Precision farming
• Farm
• Using sensors to
monitor climate
data, soil moisture
and nutrients to
reduce inputs and
improve yields (i.e.,
vegetable farming
and coffee)
Connecting
Management
farmers with
software allows
reputable
automation in
spraying service
feeding, counting,
providers, e-
identifying, tracing
extension
movement of
animals,
preventing risks of
disease epidemic
outbreaks
Market access
• Farmers
livestream to
market farm
produce
• E-commerce
platforms connect
farmers to markets
through mobile
apps
Agriculture
observatory
• Earth observation
satellites to monitor
rice-growing areas
using radar-based
remote sensing data to
map information (area
planted, maturity, crop
calendar, productivity
indicators, number of
harvests per year)
• Help policy markers in
planning and
monitoring production
Digital Low Carbon Agriculture Solutions in Vietnam, Some Early Successes
IOT Alt. Wet and Dry System for Rice
in Mekong Delta
•
Water savings: Using IOT AWD
in rice reduces water use by
42% compared to non-AWD
farming (continuously flooded
irrigation)
•
GHG emissions: 60-70%
reduction (4-6 tons CO2e/ha/crop)
•
Farmer Production cost: 22%
less
•
Yields: increase by 24%
IOT on coffee in Central
Highlands
• IOT on coffee yields
same encouraging
results on water, energy
and labor savings, but
GHG reduction not been
measured
Digital
Agriculture:
Public-Private
Partnerships in
Kenya
Digital Agriculture Observatory
Satellite Radar
Providing agricultural intelligence:“Early Warning for
Early Action”
Ground Radar
Virtual Met
Station
Farmer’s Field
Ground
Weather
Station
• 1.5 million Virtual Met Stations
• Every 9 km across the terrestrial
surface of the earth
• 7 billion data points updated every 6
hours
Ghana: Providing localized, proactive & timely
insight for farmers
Using a data driven
approach, each farmer
receives information
relevant to their current
situation
Source: ESOKO
Kenya: Ag Tech Start ups under the One Million Farmer Platform PPP
DigiCow:
Hello Tractor: Uberizing farm
Uber of Veterinary Services mechanization
SunCulture:
Solar powered irrigation
Digital Green: video-based
extension service
TruTrade Africa:
Increasing Market access and price
Digitally enabled supply
chain finance: AgriWallet
AgroCares: IoT soil
scanner
Weather-index based Crop and Livestock
insurance: ACRE Africa
Sourcing Digital Solutions through Innovation Challenge
• One Million Farmer Platform launched in April 2019 through an innovation challenge and facilitated partnerships
between 16 County governments and 14 Agriculture Tech Start ups /Innovators and County Government
• Currently 24 AgTech start ups and innovators providing Data-driven Digital Agriculture solutions and services through
partnerships with 26 County Governments
PPPs: Innovation Challenges – Solution Marketplaces - Hackathons
CHINA
MONGOLIA
(Henan Green Agriculture Fund Project)
(Livestock Commercialization Project)
INNOVATION THEMES
Reducing GHG Emission & Improving
Resource-use Efficiency
Reducing Agriculture Pollution
Enhancing Food Safety
Increasing Climate Resilience
INNOVATION THEMES
Low Carbon Agriculture & Climate Smart
Livestock
Animal Health & Nutrition Services
Digital Livestock Services
Enhancing Resilience to Climate Risks
Shocks
Partners
CAAS, CAU, SDC, Syngenta Foundation, Swiss Re,
Beijing IOT Association, Henan Dept of Agriculture
Outcome
83 Green Agric Technologies: 6 Selected
AI based automated and precision agriculture,
Biofeeds, and Bio-organic trace elements for
controlling livestock emissions
Partners
IFC, FAO, EU, JICA, KOICA, ADB, Commercial Banks,
Impact Investors, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and
Light Industry
Outcome
163 Service Innovations: 57 Proposals Shortlisted
Sustainable value chains, drones, blockchains,
eCommerce, high health animal husbandry, naturebased solutions for agri-livestock
INDONESIA
(Agriculture Value Chain Devt Project, upcoming)
INNOVATION THEMES
Enhancing Farm Productivity
Improving Resilience to Climate Shocks
Improving Access to Finance, Markets
and Services
Agrifood Systems Governance
Partners
Microsoft, TaniHub Group, GIZ, and 7 other key
players, the Ministry of Agriculture and West Java
Provincial Government
Outcome
30 Innovations Submitted: 3 selected
AI-powered crop protection and management
platform, mobile supply chain management
software, electronic marketing platform linking
traditional markets
Fuxin Tea Cooperative under WB Guizhou Rural Development
Project: Linking Farmer Cooperatives to E-commerce
• Coop with 294 tea
producing households
(24% poor)
• Project support for
sustainable tea
farming, tea
processing facilities,
packaging, quality
upgrading,
certification, branding
and marketing (ecommerce), training
and capacity building
Shenzen, China: Investing in Digital Markets to Promote
Food Quality and Safety
• Modernizing and upgrading: application of intelligent measurement
instruments, merchant information screens and network support
services, etc.,
Measurement
supervision
Price monitoring
Henggang Farmers Market
Food
traceability/reduce food
loss
Qinghu Agriculture Product
Wholesale Market
Moving to Low Carbon Agriculture Development: Requires
reorienting and repurposing expenditures towards greening
agriculture
Composition of agricultural support measures (2000-2018)
State spending in agriculture, VND Billion
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
61848
30,000
20,000
28855
10,000
0
2011-2014
Other sub-sectors
Fishery
Irrigation
Education, trainings
Forestry
2016-2020
Science & Technology
Agriculture
Developing Digital Agriculture: Priority Areas
Capacity building and
knowledge sharing
Digital agricultural
skills training for
farmers and extension
officers
Improving University
curriculum for digital
agriculture
Strengthening
Institutional and
complementary
infrastructure
Fostering digital
agriculture
entrepreneurship
Digitizing of MARD Systems
Promote Public-private
sector partnerships
Digitizing services for efficiency
and transparency (farmer ID,
Agriculture Observatory, evouchers)
Partner with Private Sector
Accelerator Funds
Promote digital tech and
services start-ups.
Enabling policy
environment
Digital agricultural Strategy
Public expenditure realignment
Regulatory reforms to support
agri-tech development
Promoting rural digital
infrastructure to enhance
access.
17
THANK YOU!
Dina Umali-Deininger
Practice Manager, Agriculture and Food Global
Practice for East Asia and Pacific, World Bank