điều khiển thiết bị từ xa qua mạng ethernet PIC18f4550

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Lời Cảm ơn

!"#!"$%&'&!"()*
+,-.,/01"23
 -4  5
!6'"7889:(;<=->81
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CB1"-D.5
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.&3DGE-H 5
I6+J*C.D9-K11"$+/
;L'M.,03>1"
.B3NA8 E,$8COP%?
81CE$Q+@4-3',8-05

3
Lời mở đầu
,"E3",3" 5("E3
-, 3'<CL.B4  
-8R% -%AS&8DT5
(>U0"",3E3B$*
<&23 điều khiển thiết bị qua mạng Ethernet.V+13
H CB.B3"
,77$3 'T  H%$B83"&EMW
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/C,77.CB.B3'<*D

-:+7.B7775
V+13-3E+U&*>8R%AS
8DT5]HE%:E3B5
Giáo Viên Hướng DẫnNgười Thực Hiện
(;<=^)(L(_`abc`a`def
4
Mục tiêu đề tài
 1" E,A E/,"-:3S
,775
 !.B,&X 3'<g.f.Y[
f'<h$+:81.B-383X 5
 ]383"& '"YIfa5
Nhiệm vụ của đề tài
!BCB,U0. $1".* 
A"-UE1"i
 ^0 / - .B  jkZclmbaa`  -  >  '0  +<  ZZn  gjkZ  Z
ZE7h5
 Y,77-3/.?+A"
 ^0/o Enjk-/+U10+777
^Zdlpe`
 >BA-Znn?E> +"q7'
 S3$-E/,"(mô phỏng)
 r+1?3--+7/+U+1 7U0*. 5
Chương 1: Tổng quan về Ethernet
ETHERNETB,U'&gYs^h8+U&*"
 5="778+U.%3E9
c`I'E85
77E3 ,0/r7j s
-ALt`X 8uP'7I5I7 m75C'\U
5

SEU-U0/v"D8\ w$' 2
,30:$,r7s5,770
,-:D&%EQfI'E85Zo77c`I'E80%
'-Lcxl`-:81EDEE3BX f*[Z$k7$r75
ZoC0[77g%07fA30X 3*h
y' l`d5fX k*%[77.BE3B$
Lcxlaol`d5f0 -:0kl`d5fZ 7n787
IE7 788qZ [77gZnsIzZ[h5I6+J8
+U77{.BCEoX 
"  775^     o  k  l`d5f    o  S  /  X
775k*E3Bo770.".+@
3 ->C>,,773 5!6'"-:E0
'c``I'z8gm 877$kl`d5fh$77C- M
"D"E$'0,-"8+U3E2U$+
9-3E $77+g|788Ys^$kl`d5cch
 H81 %:5
1.1. Cấu trúc khung tin Ethernet
Z3o77.,&\[  >t:E
}nk->-<+A"3, F-: 3
gm 7h5
Cấu trúc khung Ethernet như sau:
Bảng 1. 1: Cấu trúc khung MAC theo IEEE 802.3/ Ethernet
6
j7 '7g\hit'78gS-S:m 7X
77h3+%81%"X '$C 3
<c`c`c`c`54C'$ES ?CB, 22c`I~5
n•[gn • 7[77hic'78gS-S:
m 7X 77hE:1813<'9X &
5^C 3<c`c`c`cc5
[78 s++788g< QShie'78

• !< QIsZX 77 +gm 7
h5
• €• X '%E%3<e'78i
o `i< Q 8
 f'780+JBQ8%
1. ``_``_`ZiZknZ}
2. ``_``_f[is‚
 f'78E7+8%<
o ci< Q 8
 `c_l`_Zd_``_``_``i+J'\3'+78
?&g8E 0 h
 ••_••_••_••_••_••i< Q'3g' + 8h
• ƒ&,&'>$77QE?Am 7
C< QJ-:< Qg+%hX C$6< Q
B"&"E'35-?$3
77 +.CB6\&„E88„5
&$C8R?%3m 7%",Ys^5
7
n7s++788g< Q2hie'785!< QIsZX
77 +2gm 7h5
Y^z…Yg&+zBChid'7853<X C0&:
X EA" 75
• ZCd,%H77m 7
o kl`d5fIsZ
 [JBQ&+X 77m 7
o [kr77i'D'\[Z$k7-r7-L
cxl`gEF'h
 [JBQ /X :EES 0
 `l``ikj
 `le`isPj

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• [S:m 7DBeb'78$S:DBX
Eeb_cl†be'785
• VS:ED ca``'785[C$S:
Ckj77D ca``'78$;&'
S:Ckj+U%gb`$ate$ca``h5
•Zn ZPZg7++ 78hiES 8RS3
:.5jS ?S3,ZPZ73
15^ J $7?H$
 '<K-'<,'N5
1.1. Cấu trúc địa chỉ Ethernet
IK E,77<+,+%'\bl'< Q
ge7h5!< Q%<8%'<${< Q
IsZgI7+ s788Zs++788h5!< QIsZ'B+)'\3
A8D7 g"8Dceh$-S+Ui``ie`ixtil•ib•ile6``_e`_xt_l•_b•_
xe5V+,< QIsZ dEi
_ f73<*8%$<81F/k5
_ f78 +8%%<5
_ VE Cc< QIsZ+%& E,775!<
QIsZ8+U< Q2-< QS
775
1.2. Đặc tính điện
8
S"77*C 7*I 7875I*C I 787
8+U3K' X CB2'&-
0'5
_ ‡ˆ`‰^ ŠX '"3E‹(- ŠM,
"3E#(
_ ‡ˆc‰^ ŠX '"3E_(- ŠM,
"3E‹(

Hình 1. 1: Mã hóa Manchester
1.3. Các loại khung Ethernet
1.3.1. Các loại khung uniscat
]8,c.:,d5V77+,c
. C< Qi
_ IsZ2i``_e`_`l_xf_[‡_Zc5
_ IsZSi``_e`_`l_xf_s‡_cd
Hình 1. 2: Mô hình truyền thông unicast
9
! 85V.:c,3<5%
3,E,,08R.?i
_ ZQC,d%< QIsZSX J-:< QIsZ
X  E,X >0EU33
5
_ Z3,38 883< Q8R'N EU
A 5
1.3.2. Các khung broadcast
Z3    ' + 8 C  <  Q IsZ  S  ••_••_••_••_••_••
gbl'ch5?3$6+JJ-:< Q
IsZX  E,X >3,.E?-
EU5
] /sPj8+U' + 8B>< QIsZ
/-:c< Qkj:5&8D /<;8+U3
' + 8B37 F'<5
1.3.3. Các khung Multicast
,2:&8D,%</E%
5!< QIsZSX < Q6'"Q3,
J&C:%E?3:< Q5
(Chú ý: Địa chỉ MAC nguồn của khung luôn là địa chỉ MAC của giao
tiếp mạng tạo ra khung. Trong khi đó địa chỉ MAC đích của khung thì phụ

thuộc vào một trong ba loại khung nếu trên.)
1.4. Truy cập bus
I&8D-%.:,8+U77\%E
EE3E?E'8@0ZnIszZ[gZ 7n787IE7
788qZ8s-+ 7h-81\:"8%;S
L 1X "D5ƒ$&8DAD<:
"8%X "D?3S ?E,3,
E &5
10
Hình 1. 3: Minh họa phương pháp CSMA/CD
Nguyên tắc làm việc của phương pháp CSMA/CD:
7EE3EZnIszZ[$K,.C.?E'8
&81B835jE3E8 i
_ IK  ,  . E  1  7   +@  g 7  8787h      +@
KgCS"h>:E35
_ [-" .S"C& C$0-@CL
 ,JE3S"0+@5ZS->-?$E3K
,-@E7@B883S"E3-:S"?
7C & 5
_ E &$K,.EX'N'/"X
>$& @0-,5
I&>D &0'B39EU
{ 0>f5,s-,ZJ7+@5!+@K0
sCB:5S"4,s <E:0,
Z '-;$0 &,&BZ5s-
Z?S"E2$883-:S"-E3
"&5Z ,8RJEX'N'/"'T3
E3E$3,D?8R?"H
'/"-'/"E"5s-Z;CBc
S"vŒ w6'"B'33,?'58 CK,8R

11
& @0$:E3,5 @
0\ES7&?3C8  
9&3E-D A 3,J5
 '&8D   .S"Ts5
•BX ZnIszZ[S%$ 5V3-:
EE3E.<$-"ŽE0 'N&,\
>:,&X "D5ZS->-?$EE3E E+U
&*"D775
^BX ZnIszZ[S%'%<X  E
/5Z3?.'>• 03>\&?CB
6E6E,$3<DS3 5="8%8
+U.->;%E5P•E0-:3
u?3>EE3E8RSE-:3%E%E$M
N F+A"<Š$ 15
1.5. Các loại Ethernet
k*E3Bo770.".+@3
 ->C.,775IK,,+1 7fDiD
&$E/S"8+U-6S.-?5
1.5.1. Các hệ thống Ethernet 10Mb/s
_ c`' 87a5!0o770$+1 03E2U,+5
D&,c`I'z8$8+U'L8\$.+3ED &
E,,a``5
_ c`' 87d5ZC0v77w$+1 03"D3E2UN
-:D&c`I'z8$.+3ED X E,clagk
Md``h5
_ c`' 875ZA-9X vq87+w3E9,E5c`‡ 87,&
-:D{c`I'z8+1 0"D9,EZ f\05
_ c`‡ 87•5•-9X •'7}Eg8 h5!o8
 ,&-:D&c`I'z8$ Lcxxf5

12
1.5.2. Các hệ thống Ethernet tốc độ 100Mb/s- Ethernet cao tốc(fast
Ethernet)
_ c``‡ 875Zo77 &-:D&c``I'z803E9
,E@3E8 5
_ c``‡ 87r5ZArC0S*C ."Dg8
+U E  E3E *  C b‡za‡ X  o •[[kh '   2 d o
c``‡ 87•r(‘c``‡ 87r5
• c``‡ 87•r5D&c``I'z8$++U3E8  +75
• c``‡ 87r5D&c``I'z8$8+U3E9,E5
• c``‡ 87d-c``‡ 87b5Z3o8+Ud6E-b6E
3E96EZ f\00"  oS
8+U5
1.5.3. Các hệ thống Giga Ethernet
_ c```‡ 87riZArC0LS*C .go+1 0
B*C l‡zc`‡+J"DDD& •'7 7
E3B'\s^nkhoc```‡ 87r2f,i
• c```‡ 87_nri D & c```I'z8$ 8 +U 8   -:8C
95
• c```‡ 87_YriD&c```I'z8$8+U8 -:8C+5
• c```‡ 87_riD&c```I'z8$8+U3E25
_ c```‡ 87i=,&\D&] '$'L8\03E96E
Z a\05n+UB*C .0B,D& 
0,3E5
1.5.4. Chuẩn IEEE 802
kl`d3ok83,Ys^-,Is^
gmetropolitan area networkh5ZUB$3okl`d:,
3, 3CCS: +,5V3-:3,
$+A"3,7_' 87+.7-<NCJ
S:{75Z3,k88$+A".

7&+M7U37$6C37$,3 
.L$;TE,-X o5
13
Z3+<-U- /6kl`d3,: 
%Eg0+A"--?X >t}nkh51$
kl`d 0+A"}nk YYZg.B
0h-IsZg.B?E.h$+C3
CB"08 i
_ 0+A"
_ YYZ
_ IsZ
_ -?
={okl`d'>'\‡ 0ZoYs^zIs^k
l`dgIEEE 802 LAN/MAN standards Committee (LMSC)h5Z3o
+J&*%+{77$7P$,Ys^
+$3,Ys^+J'+7-'+7gBridging and Virtual Bridged
LANsh5Zo+{77okl`d5f5
Chương 2: Họ giao thức TCP/IP
2.1. Họ giao thức TCP/IP
Zjzkj'& /EŽED3"D,2
%-: 5Zjzkj0-9X Transmission Control Protocol
g  /. B . h z Internet Protocol  g]  /
k77h$ Zjzkj8+U&*3,U'&
;0,k775
ZjzkjQ2  /1CFEX .
 /5ZH {Cc" / '& /gn7}m
j8h5
Zjzkj &'& /B, U0
Si
14

1. ZEŽE. 3+X ,&
g|+7s7 ^7q#|s^h5
2. ZEŽE.A 3 +,5
Zjzkj8+U>.b {.>[[
g>X '&DEMIuh5Zjzkj7X 
> }nk$3>g7/140
Dhi
_ /+UgsEE Y 7h5
_  -?g 8EY 7h5
_ ,gk77Y 7h5
_ 0,g^7qk7m 7Y 7h5
Hình 2. 1: Kiến trúc TCP/IP
Z;1>}nk$.+A"$3>
40D+:$ K+A"0-&
.B{E7 +75V?+A">3>
 ,$ K>E7 +7/%-
0J>+A"ME7 +7A 5
15
Hình 2. 2: Quá trình đóng/mở gói dữ liệu trong TCP/IP
Hình 2. 3: Cấu trúc dữ liệu trong TCP/IP
=>-Rd5f %2+A" 35>-R
 %,33 $+A" A?A3 i
_ /+U+A"32{87 5
16
_  -?$-<+A"ZjD+:{
_ Zj8775
_ ,$+A"kj:+:{kj
+   5
_ 0$+A".{m 75
2.1.1. Tầng ứng dụng ( Application layer)

/+U0JX >Zjzkj' 23
>-3/+U%E8+UB?E,5!
+JB<+,- F+J5I&8D /
+Ui
_ [=Zjg[ =8Zm jhi /%>,&5
_ [^ng[ ^ 7n87hi"D0.5
_ n^IjgnE7^7qI  77jhi /,
5
_ •jg•7 8m7jhi /.?E5
_ •jg- •7 8m7jhi .?E'>5
_ nIjgnE7I  8m7jhi /5
_ Y^i>EN'<DEŽE+J
'<-&3X4&3SC0,5
_ /+U F+A"-::E+:g:E-?Bh F5-"
+JF'T8DEŽE /X :E-?B',&+
/ '0C+A"5^AF3'T8D-A/
+Uo4+JJF5(S+Ui /•j+JFd`
+A"-Fdc.B$ /nIj+JFdaO
2.1.2. Tầng giao vận(Transport layer)
ZC3"?EE0.A 33S-
<3.+A"$  /S2i
_ ’[jg’87[   jhiM{ /C+J5’[j
%E&+<-U/+U5^C%E0
.ED$Q3C+A"4,:, 
'3C:S5Z3/+U+J’[j
Q.ACCS:N$&?+A"EU&
17
-4/+U5Z3'&?1"'\
05
_ Zjg 888Zjhi^,-:’[j$Zj%E3

0.:D-'.+A"&3?5
^C%E&2+A"?A  ,$8+U3
 N3CX 03CCS:SE
,'0+:$'3?C$6, 7_B
''0?'3C*5Zj.3C
CS::-0ES ?3? 3C*?5
['S?$08R A 5
2.1.3. Tầng mạng( internet layer)
^T'000,5C/L3< Q$C
C-<gP7h+A"5b / {%
2i
_ kjg77jhiZC/L3< Q+A":.
-<H:S5
_ sPjgs++788P78jhiC/LE0+<< QkjX
3S< QIsZ5
_ kZIjgk77ZI788 7jhiC/L'3K
.+A"'<N5
_ k]Ijgk77]EI  7 jhiC/L.B
. :g 8h5
2.1.4. Lớp liên mạng (Network Interface Layer)
 E,0 -" F+A"A  ,
'<J&,5Z3/L' 2-"B83
?E.+@$B83K-+A"5[   
,'\4:E,gk77h8RD::E0,
g^7qk7m 7Y 7h.+A"$60,g^7q
k7m 7Y 7h8R%+A"4,-C::E,gk77h
H ?+A"5
18
' 23'< E,gZ +I,-Z3EI,h
->%E3BCB,&$

?E.-? '< E,C5
^*.?E\E0$77 /%E+:C' :EYYZ
gYYZh$IsZgI7+ s788Zh$-:E-?E8 5
2.2. Cấu trúc gói tin IP, TCP,ARP,UDP
2.2.1. Cấu trúc địa chỉ IP
I,k77+J"D< Qkjgfd'hBv<-<w33
S0-:CC 33< QEU&-30X
43SUB5
^33SD1E-:,k77>^kZ
g^7qkm Z77h8R%E3SC&< Qkjgkj
s+788h5
^33SD1E-:,k77
 &,U'&><,8R%E33SC&
< Qkjg0;+:81EŽEX ^kZh5
="D< Q.+Ž &8E:E$Ca
:E< Qkjis$‡$Z$[$5n13 'A 3:E< Q
\LF/3%HX C5
Hình 2. 4: tổ chức địa chỉ IP
_ !< Q:Esi:Es8+U'70X b'7B3< Q,5
^>0$C? '0'70X < QC
3<'T`5f'78M,8+UB3< Q3,5
ZCcde< Q:Esg3< Q'7/%h-:8D3S
19
,daef_d†ce5ttt5dcb3K&< Q:Esg8+U
f'78B3< Q3h5
_ !< Q:E‡iI&< Q:E‡? '\d'S0X '7/
% 3<c`5Y:E‡8+Ud'S0X '7B3< Q
,-d'7DB3< Q3,5ZCeb“dae_d†ce5cdl
< Q,:E‡-:ea5afb3K< Q,:E‡5
_ !< Q:EZi&< Q:EZ? -:f'S 3<cc`5

I,:EZ8+Uf'7B3< Q,-&'7DB
3< Q3SC,5ZCd5`tx5cda_d< Q:EZ$K<
Q:EZCdab35
_ !< Q:E[i[JB3kj+   :&C380&
,5
_ Y:E< Qi[JB+1EM-+J 5
2.2.2. Cấu trúc gói tin IP
(7_b'iQ-78"X kj +J$
3-:E0'kjX '<?$'<?8R,'N3C
5
k=Ygkj=7 +7Y7h_b'Q&+E7 +7X C$S
74fd'S5
}ngE7mn7-7h_c'7i'+<-UCD8
+U•,&0$,?)$L8%.-&
?UB8 i
_ f'SQ.0C$4C'>`
CB83,t5
_ I&'SE7Q&)0$`/-:CC&)'>
$c/-:CC&)%E5
_ I&'SE7Q08+UB.C
-:1 {.08%%E 0
8% $`/-:'>$c/-:
 5
_ c'SE7C&?0$`/-:&?'>
$c/-:&? 5
20
 7_d'7iQ&+ CSE7 +7$S7
-<'75
k+7m _ce'SiJ-:3 8D3n7s++788
[78 s++788+JB<+ +%&C 

C2,0,5
• 8i3C0CB'<E.CN5
m 8+JBE,-9EŽE3CUB8 i
_ ‡S`i 8$+U%3<`5
_ ‡Sci`/-:C'<E$c/-:C'<E
5
_ ‡Sdi`/-:C&E,DJX CD$c
/-:CEE,DJX CD5
• 7}mm87_fd'SiQ-<SX E,CD$S
7-<l'75
7-7#c'7i< 2,S'TX C
,5 6'\,-g
:chC K7X 0,5I&3<DBE
X:B,,&D5
jiQ /E8R?+A"\,S5
ZjC/-:3<e$’[jC/-:3<ct$c/-:kZIj5
=7 +778_d'7i[JBE3"K7 +7X C
3>.X C5
Z7kjs++788_b'7i< QkjX .C5
kj}E_&+ Fi '331 {+8+U0
$-S+Ui/&'?$C$78 E\
K75
j ++_&+ Fi[JB'37 +7H\
&Dfd'S5
[  .+ F:E0$.+ FebV'5
2.2.3. Cấu trúc gói tin TCP
!-<+A"Zj{n77-:%H8 i
_ Z7j#d'7i8D"FZjX ,25
_ [78 j#d'7i8D"FZjX ,S5
21

_ n777'7i8D"'70X n77$n…^'>C
8D/1C' -'70C8D/1&0
c$Cn…^>8D/1X '705
_ sq7+7'7#d'7isZV'?>3<X 
S8D/1X CE7'0?5‡3?D3
877,S*,25
_ [  }mm78_b'i&+X E7 +7S7-<4fd'S5 8D
Q -<S'9X 2+A"5
_ P787-7+_e'S5
_ • 8i3'S.B
• ’P]i(JNoC"5
• sZVi(J'3?sZV'7C"15
• jn=iZ/Lj’n=5
• PniV\&,05
• n…^i!2'&C 8D"15
• •k^[iMX+A"\,25
_ |+q_d'7i8D'7+A"'94'7Q sZV
'7,2*8”8 B?5
_ Z78i78Eo7 +7@+A"5
_ ’7j7#d'7i’P]'?>3<S8Dce
'S8D/1C+<35
_ }E_d'7i-JJ{$ '33EX ZjCC&
+D X -JZj+  c8775
_ j ++_iEo•0-7 +7B'E7 +7H\
&Dfd'S5
_ Zj+  i/ +A"$X 0C&+D <afe'75
]S <CB '30Eo}E5
2.2.4. Cấu trúc gói tin ARP (Adrees Resolution Protocol)
I{3SJT0&,CJ&7k[-33
SJ0,-?CBm 7-?1E 0-"

.A  3SJ&,-?8
+U 7q 5("+@1EQ8+UE< Q38k[
< Qkj5,Q-"D+A"-m 7$B< Q
kjX ,S< Q-?-1Em 7:3?5
22
I&8+UBB< Qkj< Q-?sPj
gs++788P78jh5V 3SJD-&,-?
$H'< QkjX  B.A  3$
HE'< Q-?X  5sPj-%.B
4< Qkjfd'88 < Q77bl'85^ 8+U 
CsPj778-sPj7 5
Hình 2. 5: Mô tả đường truyền dữ liệu ARP
2.2.4.1. Mô tả hoạt động của khung ARP
Chuyển giao trực tiếp:!< Q-?&X < Qkj-S+U8
+U0,7E^_c`,EŽE6< Qkj-< 
Q-?35^ CB6< Qkjcxd5a5bl5f-< Q-?
f$C Cjs†mgksh5(:js< Q-?$ks< Qk77
-mBF5
Chuyển giao gián tiếp:ZB < Q&1"'T
33SD&'3:'&33S
0,$'3CC/ < QkjX 3SC0,$
{38R?'3-3%< QkjX >>
,&'3/ < Q-?X S>5VC 3SC
23
BvC"w-: 5
^ $ M8+U'QBA,3
< Q8+U:%gs++788P78Z 7hBLD&X -"
B < Q5
I&CsPj&77• 7.1E4
3:335(>E8+Ukj$CC< Q

kj;+@$CE' + 8:%
330,77g-:< Q••••–••••–••••h5
Bảng 2. 1: Mô tả gói thông tin ARP
VDE:3 /3$+A"sPjC
&<+,o7 +75!BsPjCB-"-:.
"3 $ +J&B/ &+X A
8 C5
E3S,C'<:EU$-->-?C
'< QkjX S>\&$ 8+U
24
B< QgP7-787s++788P78j#PsPjh,
{1sPjB-%.57C$C&3
X/ '< QkjX 33,$3,\&$C
&778:%33-3X,&C/ < Q
kjX 3,055
2.2.4.2. Gói tin của ARP
jE7i``l``kjg````5c```5````5````h5
_ = +q 77†e'787775
_ j7†b'78kj5
_ sPjE7 i
• c†0
• d†3E,
• fzb†PsPj0z3E,
Bảng 2. 2: Khung dữ liệu ARP
[78 
s++788
n7s++788
• 7
E7
gsPjh[  ZPZ

e'78 e'78 d'78 dl'78 b78
2.2.4.3. Trường của khung ARP
•!< QSg777+78  ++788hi
•••i••i••i••i••i••< Q' + 8sPj7785
•!< Q2g77787 ++788h< QX sPj05
•• 7E7i
o sPj063E,gsPj778z7hi``l`e
o PsPj063E,gPsPj778z7hi``l`fa
o kji``l``
2.2.5. Cấu trúc gói tin UDP
(J7 +7X ’[jCeb'S-:bi
25