Luận án chế độ pháp lý về sở hữu đối với đất đai ở việt nam hiện nay

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO
TRUONG BAI HOC LUAT THANH PHd HO CHI MINH

PHAM VAN VO

CHE DO PHAP LY VE SO HU1J

DOI vdl DAT DAI

CJ VIET
NAM HIEN
NAY
•
•
Chuyen nganh: Luat Kinh te
Ma so: 62.38.50.01

LUAN AN TIEN SY LUAT HQC

A 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 2 7 5 8

«

N,gircn hircmg din khoa hoc;.
■ P; T
'

PGS. TS. NGUYfiN THAI PHUC
-fl
TS. NGUYEN DllC CHINH >■

TP.HCM-2009


BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO
TRVCJNG DAI HOC LUAT THANH PHO HO CHI MINH

PHAM VAN VO

CHE DO PHAP LY VE SO HLftJ
DOI vOl DAT DAI
0 VIET
NAM HIEN
NAY
•
•
Chuyen nganh: Lu$t Kinh te
MS so: 62.38.50.01

LUAN AN TIIiN SY LUAT HQC

gtrai hudng din khoa hoc:.

'

PGS. TS. NGUYEN THAl PHUC

TS. NGUYfiN DUC CHINH

TP.HCM-2009

Ldl CAM DOAN

Toi xin cam doan day la cong trinh nghien cuu cua rieng toi. Cac so
li§u neu trong luan an la trung thuc va chinh xac. Cac ket qua nghien curu
trong luan an chua timg duQc ai cong bo trong bat ky cong trinh nao khac

Tac gi& luan an

PHAM VAN VO


DANH MVC CAC TU VIET TAT

1

GCNQSDB: Giay chung nhan quyen sir dung dat

2. CNXH:

Chu nghia xa hQi

3. CTSDB:

Chu the sir dung dat

4. CTSDB:

Chu the su dung dat

5. KTTT:

Kinh te thi trudng

6. LBB:

Luat Bat dai

7. LLSX:

Luc luong san xuat

8. NN:

Nha nude

9. NSDB:

Ngudi su dung dat

10.UBNB:

Uy ban nhan dan

ll.QHSX:

Quan h$ san xuat

12.QHSBB:

Quy hoach su dung dat

13.QSBB:

Quyen su dung dat

14.SHTB:

Sd huu toan dan

15.TP.HCM:

Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh

16.VBQPPL:

Van ban quy pham phap luat

17.XHCN:

Xa hQi chu nghia


muc Lyc
TRANG

Ldl N6l DAU...................................................................................................

1

Cliuong 1
TONG QUAN CHE DO PHAP LY VE SO HU*U DAT DAI

1.1. Khai ni$m che dQ phap ly ve so hiru dat dai ........................................... 11
1.2. Nhirng yeu to co ban chi phoi che d$ sd hiru dat dai o Vi$t Nam
hi$n nay............................................................................................................

27

1.3. Litqc sir che dQ scr hiru dat dai d Vi$t Nam ............................................... 41

Ket luan chirong 1............................................................................................ 74

Chwmg 2

THUt HIEN CHE DO SO HU*U TOAN DAN DOI Vdl

DAT DAI 0 VIET
• NAM HIEN
• NAY VA NHU*NG VAN DE DAT
• RA
2.1. Nhirng d£c trirng cua vi$c thiryc hi$n che d$ so hiru dat dai o
:..... 76

Vi$t Nam

2.2 Thye trang phap luyt ve thyc hi$n che dQ so huu toan dan doi voi dat dai
o Vi$t Nam hi$n nay va nhirng van de dat ra

94

Clurong 3

MOT SO VAN DE VE DOl M6l CHE DO SO HUtJ DAT DAI

HIEN
• NAY 0 VIET
• NAM
3.1. Mpt so van de nhyn th ire ............................................................................ 156
3.2. Cac giai phap doi moi che dQ so hiru dat dai 6 Vi$t Nam hi$n nay ....

181

Ket luan chuong 3 .......................................................................................... 215
KET LUAN..................................................................................................... 207

DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO......................................................221


M0C LVC
TRANG
LdlNOIDAU ................................................................................................................ 1
CHVONG 1: T6NG QUAN CHE DQ PHAP LY VE SO HUU DAT DAI

11

1.1. KHAI NI$M SO HUU VA CHE DQ PHAP LY VE SO HUU DAT DAI ................ 11

1.1.1. Khai ni£m ve so* huu .......................................................................................... 11
1.1.1.1. Cac quan diem pho bien ve sb huru va che dp sb huu................................... 11

1.1.1.2. Ve vai tro cua che do so huu trong nen kinh te thj truong theo djnh hudng.....

XS hQi chu nghia b Viet Nam...................................................................................... 14
1.1.2. Khai ni$m che do phap ly ve sb huu doi vbi dat dai

17

1.2. NHlTNG YEU TO CO BAn CHI PHOI CHE DQ sd HUU DAT DAI 0 VIET NAM

HIENNAY.......................................................................................................................27
1.2.1. Quan he sb huu dat dai la quan he mang tinh nen tang

27

1.2.2. Che d§ sb huu dat dai bi chi phoi dac bi$t bbi yeu to truyen

thong-lich sb ............................................................................................................... 29

1.23. Che do sb huu dat dai bi chi phoi bbi nguon goc cua dat dai va nhu cau
thiet yeu cua xa hoi trong sb dung dat dai .........

30

1.2.4. Che do sb huu dat dai bi chi phoi boi tinh co dinh ve khong gian
va nhung yeu to anh hubng den gia trj cua dat dai .............................................. 31

1.2.5. Che do sb huu dat dai luon phai duyc xem xet trong moi tuoug quan

vbi che do sb huu tai san gan lien vbi dat................................................................. 33
1.2.6. Tham khao cac mo hinh sb huu dat dai tren the gibi................................ 35

1.3. LU0C SI/CHE DQ SO HUU DAT DAI 0 V®T NAM........................................... 41
1.3.1. Trong thoi ky phong kien.................................................................................. 41

1.3.1.1. Cac hinh thuc sb huu dat dai b Viet Nam dubi thbi phong kien.................. 41
1.3.1.2. Nh^nxetvabai hoc kinh nghiem ................................................................... 46
1.3.2. Trong thoi ky Phap thu§c............................................................................... 52


1.33. Che d$ sd huu dat dai d Mien Nam va Mien B5c tu sau thdi ky

Phap thu§c den llien phap 1980 ................................................................................ 57
1.3.3.1. 6 Mien Bac trade 1975 .................................................................................. 57
1.3.3.2. Q Mien Nam trade 1975................................................................................. 59

1.3.3.3. Trongpham vi c&nudc tu 1975 den 1980....................................................... 62
1.3.4. Che do so* huu toan dan doi vol dat dai tir llien phap 1980 den nay....... 65
Ket luan chuong 1 ........................................................................................................ 74
CHUONG 2: THQ*C HlfN CHE DQ SO HUU TOAN DAN D6l VOl

DAT DAI O VI$T NAM Hlf N NAY VA NHlTNG VAN Dfc DAT RA............. 76
2.1. NHUNG DAC TRUNG CUA VI$C THVC HI£N CHE DQ SO HUU TOAN DAN
DOI vdl

dAt

DAI 6 VIET NAM HIEN NAY .............................................................. 76

2.1.1. Quyen so* hu u toan dan doi vdi dat dai dupe thuc hi£n thong qua co*
che dai di?n vdi nhung tang cap, phuo'ng thuc thuc hien da dang cung su*

dan xen cua cac yeu to chinh tri, quyen luc cong cong va tai san......................... 76
2.12. Dat dai khong the la doi tupng cua quan he dich chuyen quyen sd hu u . 88

2.13. Vi$c thuc hien quyen sd huu dat dai cua Nha nude khac vdi vife thuc

hien quyen sd huu doi vdi cac tai san khac nham dam bao su* cong bang trong

vi£c tiep can va thuc hien quyen khai thac sir dung dat cua cac chu the thu(}c cac
thanh phan kinh te khac nhau.................................................................................... 91

2.1.4. Co su* khong thong nhat giua che do phap ly doi vdi dat dai va che do

phap ly Vi^ChJ dp phapl^Kdoi vdi tai san tren dat................................................... 93
2.2. THQC TRANG PHAP LUAT VE THQC HIEN CHE DQ SCI HUU TOAN DAN

DOI vdi dAt DAI 0 VIET NAM HIEN NAY VA NHUNG VAN DE DAT RA........... 94

2.2.1. He thong chu the thuc hi$n quyen sd huu toan dan doi vdi dat dai
va nhung van de dat ra................................................................................................ 94

2.2.1.1. Cac co quan nha nude co tham quyen............................................................. 94
2.2.1.2. Ngudi su dung dat............................................................................................ 99

2.2.1.3. Cac chu the khac tham gia vao quan he phap luat dat dai.......................... 102


2.2.2. Thue hif n che d§ so* huu toan dan doi vol dat dai thong qua chinh sach

tai chinh va nhung van de dat ra .............................................................................. 103

2.2.2.1. Ve van de gia dat.............................................................................................103

2.2.2.2. Ve van de gia tri quyen sir dung dat trong moi tucmg quan vdi quyen..............
va nghia vu ciia ngudi su dung.................................................................................... 108

2.2.2.3. Ve van de nguon thu ngan sach nha nude tir dat va dieu tiet thj trudng............

bang cong cu tai chinh ................................................................................................. 110
2.23. Thye hi£n che do sd huu toan dan doi vol dat dai thong qua hoat dQng

quy hoach, ke hoach sir dung dat va nhu ng van de dat ra................................. 113
2.2.4. Thye hi$n che do sd huu toan dan doi voi dat dai thong qua hoat d(}ng
giao dat, cho thue dat va nhu ng van de dat ra ...................................................... 118

2.2.4.1. Ve hinh thuc va doi tuong giao dat, cho thue dat.......................................... 119
2.2.4.2. Ve can cu giao dat, cho thue dat..................................................................... 123
2.2.4.3. Ve han muc giao dat .................................................................................... 128

2.2.5. Thye hien che do sd huu toan dan doi vol dat dai thong qua hoat dong

thu hoi dat va nhung van de dat ra ......................................................................... 129

2.2.5.1. Ve cac trudng hop thu hoi dat.........................................................................130
2.2.5.2. Ve van de boi thudng, ho trq, tai djnh cu khi Nha nude thu hoi dat........ 134
2.2.6. Thuc hien che do sd huu toan dan doi voi dat dai thong qua cac quy dinh
ve quyen va nghia vu cua ngudi sd dung dat va nhung van de dat ra.............. 140

2.2.6.1. Quyen cua ngudi su dung dat ngay cang dupe md rQng vdi y nghia la
quyen tai san ................................................................................................................. 141

2.2.6.2. Nghia vu cua ngudi su dung dat ngay cang dupe xac dinh phii hup vdi

ban chat quan he tai san giua Nha nude vdi ngudi sir dung dat va co che

thj trudng........................................................................................................................ 143

2.2.6.3. NQi dung quyen va nghia vu cua ngudi su dung dat con nhieu

diem bat hop ly............................................................................................................ 145
Ket luan chuong 2 ...................................................................................................... 154


CHUONG 3: MQT S6 VAN BE Vfc Bdl M(h CHE BQ SQ HUU BAT BAI
HIEN NAY 0 VIET NAM........................................................................................ 156

3.1. MQT SO VAN DE NHAN THU*C.......................................................................... 156
3.1.1. Nhan thuc ve van de tu* nhan hoa dat dai................................................... 156

3.1.2. Nhan thuc ve ban chat moi quan h£ giua Nha nuo*c vol ngudi su* dung
dit................................................................................................................................ 173

3.2. CAC GlAl PHAP Ddl M6l CHE DQ SO HlTU TO AN DAN DOI Vdl DAT DAI 0
VI$T NAM HI$N NAY.................................................................................................. 181

3.2.1. Ve phu*o*ng thuc thuc hien quyen su* dung dat .......................................... 181

3.2.2. Ve hinh thuc su* dung dat.............................................................................. 185
3.23. Hoan thi£n cac quy dinh ve quyen va nghia vu cua nguo*i su* dung

dat va chinh sach tai chinh dat dai ..........................................................................189

3.2.2.1. Tao su binh dang ve quyen va nghTa vu giua cac chu the su dung dat..... 189
3.2.2.2. Tiep tuc ma rQng quyen cua nguai su dung dat ve nQi dung va doi tupng... 193
3.2.2.3. Can phai doi mdi chinh sach tai chinh dat dai tren co so ket hpp hai hoa

lpi ich cua Nha nuac va cua nguai su dung dat, bao dam su tuang quan giua

quyen va nghTa vu ....................................................................................................... 197
3.2.3. Mot so kien nghj cu the khdc........................................................................ 204

3.2.3.1. Ve van de quy hoach, ke hoach su dung dat................................................ 204
3.2.3.2. Ve van de dieu tra, khao sat, do dac, lap, quan ly ho sa dia chinh va dang ky

quyen su dung dat........................................................................................................ 205

3.2.3.3. Ve van de bao dam su dong bQ cua che do phap ly doi vdi dat dai va
cac che dQ phap ly khac co lien quan ........................................................................ 207
3.2.3.4. Ve van de thu hoi dat..................................................................................... 208

3.2.3.5. Ve van de tiep can thong tin va su tham gia giam sat cua nhan dan.......... 211

3.2.3.6. Ve van de bao v? quyen va lpi ich hop phap cua nguai su dung dat......... 212

Ket luan chiro*ng 3 .................................................................................................... 215
KET LU AN ............................................................................................................... 207

DANH MQC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO................................................................. 221


Ldl NOI DAU

1. Tinh cap thiet cua de tai

doi vdi dat dai co y nghTa quyet dinh trong thuc day sy phat trien kinh te - xa hQi cua dat
nude. 0 Vi$t Nam, Hien phap 1980 va Hien phap 1992 deu quy dinh dat dai thuQC
SHTD do NN thong nhat quan ly. Viec thyc hien quyen SHTD doi vdi dat dai theo quy

dinh cua LDD 1987, LDD 1993 va LDD 2003 trong thdi gian qua da dpt dupe nhieu tien
bp mang tinh dot pha. Dat dai tu mQt lopi tai san “vd gia”, thieu mQt ngudi chu gan bo

vdi dat dai Mng ca quyen lpi va trach nhiem, bi su dung lang phi da trd thanh hang hoa,
cd dupe ngudi chu thuc su, quan he dat dai tung budc van dQng theo co che thi trudng,

hieu qua su dung dat ngay cang dupe nang cao.
Tuy nhien, ben canh nhung thanh tpu da dat dupe, do chua thiet ke dupe mpt mo
hinh thuc hien quyen sd huu dat dai vdi muc tieu, tieu chi va budc di thich hpp nen che

do sd huu dat dai d nude ta hien nay van con nhieu han che can phai khac phuc nhu:
chua cd su phan dinh rd rang yeu to quyen lpc va yeu to tai san trong quan he giua NN

vdi NSDD, su binh d^ng giua cac CTSDD nhat la giua cac chu the trong nude vdi chu
the nude ngoai chua dap ung dupe yeu cau cua xu the hpi nhpp; can cu tiep can quyen
va nghTa vu cua NSDD con qua phuc tap, thieu khoa hQC, tinh tuomg quan giua quyen va

nghTa vy con mang tinh hinh thuc nhat la giua nghTa vy theo luat dinh va quyen tren

thuc te, chinh sach tai chinh dat dai con to ra lac hau, chua dieu tiet cd hieu qua thi

trudng bat dpng san, gay that thoat tai san NN, pha vd tinh thong nhat cua thi trudng

QSDD; phuomg thuc thyc hien quyen sd huu con xo cung, thieu tinh linh hoat lam phat

sinh thu tyc hanh chinh rudm ra, co che “xin - cho” va gia tang chi phi giao dich; sy

cong khai, minh bach trong quan ly va sir dyng dat dai con mang tinh hinh thuc dan den

tinh trang thieu cong bang trong tiep can QSDD va anh hudng xau tdi hieu qua kiem tra,
giam sat cua ngudi dan; chua cd co che bao ve quyen va Ipi ich chinh dang cua NSDD

mpt each hieu qua nhat la trong thu hoi dat, giai quyet khieu npi va tranh chap dat dai...
Nhung han che tren ket hpp vdi sy nua vdi, thieu nhat quan trong ap dyng co che thi

trudng va thieu kien quyet trong xu ly hanh vi vi pham phap luat dat dai lam cho hieu


2
qua su dung dat chua cao, tinh trang tham nhung trong linh vuc dat dai chua duQc khac
phyc co hieu qua.

Doi moi vice thuc hien quyen SHTD doi vdi dat dai la cong vice kho khan va
phuc tap. Ke tu Hien phap 1980 den nay, NN da ban hanh ba dao Luat Dat dai vdi nhieu

lan sua doi bo sung de thuc hien cong viec nay nhung van chua dap ung dupe yeu cau
cua thuc tien. Theo ke hoach, hien nay chung ta lai tiep tuc phai sua doi Luat Dat dai

(Bq Tai nguyen va Moi trudng da xay dung du thao Luat sua doi bo sung mQt so dieu
cua LDD 2003 va dua ra lay y kien dong gop). Do vay, viec danh gia thuc trang che

sd huu dat dai hien nay, tim hieu nguyen nhan cua nhung ton tai, han che tren co sd yeu
cau cua thuc tien, thanh tuu cua khoa hoc phap ly cung nhu kinh nghiem cua cac nude

quan trQng va can thiet.

Vdi cac ly do neu tren, tac gia da lua chon de tai “Che do phap ly ve sd hiru doi

vdi dat dai d Viet Nam hien nay” lam de tai luan an tien si Luat hQC. Viec nghien cuu
cac van de ly luan va thuc tien cua che do sd huu dat dai hien nay d Viet Nam khong chi

co y nghia ve mat hoc thuat ma con co y nghia thuc tien thiet thuc cho viec sua doi bo
sung LDD 2003 dang dupe trien khai va xay dung Bq luat Dat dai trong tucmg lai

2. Muc dich va nhi£m vu cua de tai
Muc dich nghien cuu cua luan an la lam sang to mQt each he thong nhung van de

ly luan va lich su cua che do sd huu dat dai d Viet Nam, danh gia cac quy dinh cua phap
luat ve xac lap va thuc hien quyen SHTD doi vdi dat dai ke tu Hien Phap 1980 den nay
cung nhu thuc tien ap dung chung, qua do gop phan hoan thien ly luan ve sd huu dat dai
noi chung va SHTD doi vdi dat dai noi rieng, chi ra nhung han che cua phap luat hien

dai d nude ta.
Vdi muc dich tren, de tai co nhiem vu:

lam ro ban chat cua che do phap ly ve sd huu dat dai; phan tich, danh gia muc
dich cua che do sd huu, chu the va hinh thuc sd huu, nQi dung cua quyen sd

huu tren co sd ly luan chung ve sd huu va cac dac trung, dac thu cua quan he sd
huu dat dai, cac quan diem va mo hinh sd huu dat dai tren the gidi,


3
2)

Nghien cuu ljch su che do scr huu dat dai d nuac ta qua cac thai ky, dac bi$t la
ke tu nam 1945 den nay nham rut ra nhung bai hQc ljch su va su tiep noi cua

cac chinh sach dat dai cua NN Viet Nam dan chu cQng hoa, Chinh phu Cach
mang lam thai Cong hoa mien Nam Viet Nam va Nha nude CHXHCN Viet

Nam;
3)

Nghien cuu myc dich cua vise xac lap che dQ SHTD doi vdi dat dai lam ca sd

cho vise danh gia cac van de ve hinh thuc sd huu, noi dung va phuang thuc to
chuc thyc hien quyen sd huu, qua do lam rd dac trung cua che dQ sd huu doi

vdi dat dai vdi nhung han che co huu hoac rat de phat sinh cua tung dac trung
cy the nhu la nhung luu y mang tinh djnh hudng cho vise doi mdi quan he sd
huu dat dai;
4)

Nghien cuu, danh gia cac quy dinh cua phap luat trong thuc hien quyen SHTD

doi vdi dat dai va thuc tien ap dung, qua do chi ra nhung uu diem va han che

cua chung lam ca sd cho viec dua ra nhung kien nghi cho hudng hoan thien,
5)

Dua ra nhung kien nghi ve mat nhan thuc cho viec tu nhan hoa QSDD tren ca

sd che do SHTD ma khong nhat thiet phai da dang hoa cac hinh thuc sd huu va
kien nghj nhung giai phap cu the cho viec tiep tuc doi mdi thuc hien quyen sd

huu toan dan doi vdi dat dai.

3. Doi tuerng va pham vi nghien cuu
Doi tUQng nghien cuu cua luan an gom:

Cac quan diem khoa hoc ve sd huu noi chung va sd huu dat dai not rieng,

trong do dac biet quan tarn den cac quan diem cua Chu nghTa Mac - Lenin va
cac quan diem da duqc thua nhan rong rai d cac nude tu ban phat trien;
Nguon sir lieu va cac nhan xet danh gia cac nha sir hoc ve sd huu dat dai d
Viet Nam;
Cac quy dinh cua phap luat ve sd huu dat dai va thyc tien ap dung chung d
Viet Nam.

Luan an gidi han viec nghien cuu tap trung vao che dQ phap ly ve sd huu doi vdi

dat dai d Viet Nam hien nay tren ca sd nQi ham cua che do sd huu dat dai duac gidi han

trong khuon kho nhung van de sau:
Myc dich cua che do sd huu;

I


4
Chu the va hinh thuc sd hiru,
Noi dung quyen scr huu va van de to chuc thuc hien chung.
Do van de scr huu dat dai la van de phuc tsp va co lien quan den nhieu linh vuc

nen luan an chi tap trung giai quyet nhung van de phap ly co ban. Dsc biet, trong

chuong 2 cua lusn an, khi danh gia vise there hien che dQ SHTD doi vdi dat dai, tac gia
khong the de csp den tat ca cac van de co lien quan ma chi tsp trung vao nhung van de

mang tinh trQng tarn, true tiep nhat trong thuc hien quyen sd huu la: he thong chu the

there hien quyen SHTD doi vdi dat dai; quy hosch, ke hosch su dung dat; chinh sach tai
chinh trong lTnh vuc dat dai; giao dat, cho thue dat; thu hoi dat; quyen va nghTa vei cua

NSDD. Nhung van de co lien quan khac, tac gia hose ket hop long ghep trong cac van
de vua neu hose xin duqc tiep teic there hien trong nhung cong trinh nghien cuu khac.

4. Tinh hinh nghien cuu

Trong thdi gian qua da co nhieu cong trinh nghien cuu ve che dQ sd huu dat dai d
Viet Nam. Chung ta co the chia cac cong trinh nghien cuu nay thanh cac losi sau:

- Cac cong trinh nghien cuu ve sir huu ir Viet Nam cd lien quan den sir huu dat
dai hoqc cd de cap den van de sir huu dat dai nhu: Quyen tai san trong cai each kinh

te: Quan ni?m, mot vdi hdi hoc nude ngodi vd kien nghi (bai viet, 2002) cua PGS. TS

Phsm Duy NghTa, Tong quan ve luat tai san (bai viet, 2003) cua TS. Ngo Huy Cuong,
Mot so van d$ v€ sd him nha nude trong nen kinh te thi trudng theo dinh hirdng XHCN

(bai viet, 2005) cua PGS. TS Nguyen Cue, 71 ep tuc doi mdi tu duy ve sd him XHCN (bai
viet, 2006) cua Quang Can, Mot so van de ve sd him d nude ta hien nay (sach tham

khaoj cua PGS. TS Nguyen Van Thso Va TS. Nguyen Huu Dst, Sd huu tu nhdn vd kinh
te tu nhdn trong nen kinh te thi tnrdng theo dinh hirdng XHCN d Viet Nam (sach chuyen

khao) cua GS. TS Nguyen Thanh Tuyen, Van de sd him trong thdi ky qua do d Viet

Nam (lusn an Pho tien sT khoa hQC Kinh te, HN, 1994) cua TS. Do TrQng Ba, Che do sd
huu trong nen san xudt hang hda nhieu thanh phan di len chu nghTa xd hoi ir nude ta

(de tai nghien cuu cap bQ) cua Vien Nha nude va Phap lust, Quyen sir huu cua cong dan
d Viet Nam (luan an Pho tien sy khoa hQC Luat, 2000) cua PGS. TS Ha Thi Mai Hien...

Cac cong trinh nghien cuu noi tren deu la cac cong trinh nghien cuu ve van de
quyen tai san va sd huu noi chung, do vay van de sd huu dat dai trong cac cong trinh

nay khong duQc de cap mQt each true dien hoac neu cd cung chi dupe su dung de minh


5
hQa cho chinh sach so hiru chung. Rieng trong cuon Mpt so vdn de ve sd hiru d nude ta

hien nay cua PGS. TS Nguyen Van Thao va TS. Nguyen Huru Dat, van de so huru dat dai
da dupe cac tac gia de cap trong mQt myc rieng nhung cung chi dung lai o vipc neu va
danh gia cac quan diem khac nhau ve so huu dat dai tren co so thuc tien thuc hien chinh

sach dat dai trong nen kinh te ke hoach hoa va giai doan dau cua nen KTTT.
- Cac cong trinh nghien cuu ve phap luat dat dai va sd huu dat dai. Trong thoi

gian qua o Viet Nam da co nhieu cong trinh nghien cuu ve phap luat dat dai va so huu
dat dai nhu: Sd hiru tu nhdn ve dat dai hay ve quyen sir dung dat dai: Kinh nghiem quoc

te va mot vdi lien he vdi Vi£t Nam (bai viet, 2002) cua Dinh TrQng Thang, Nhung van de
phap ly ve thi trudng quyen sir dung dat d Vi ft Nam (ky yeu hQi thao, 2002) cua PGS.

TS Pham Huu Nghj, Cac quy dinh ve vife ngudi Viet Nam dinh cu d nude ngoai, to
chirc, cd nhdn nude ngoai sir dung dat tai Viet Nam trong du thao Luat Dat dai sua doi

(bai viet, 2003) cua PGS. TS Tran Dinh Hao, Vai tro cua Nha nude trong viec thuc hien
quyen sd hiru toan dan ve dat dai (bai viet, 2005) cua PGS. TS Pham Huu Nghi, Su tiep
can mot so van de ly luan ve vai tro can thiep va dieu tiet cua cua Nha nude doi vdi thi

trudng hat dong san (bai viet, 2006) cua Le Van Su va TS. Nguyen Quang Tuyen, Ve
giao dich quyen sir dung dat theo quy dinh cua phap luat hien hdnh (bai viet, 2006) cua
Th.s Luu Quoc Thai, Ban ve gid dat cua Nha nude (bai viet 2006) cua Th s Dang Anh
Quan, Tinh thdn Hien Phap (bai tra lai phong van, 2007) cua TS. Nguyen Dinh Lqc,

Qua trinh “thi trudng hoa” dat dai d Trung Quoc (bai viet, 2007) cua Th.s Luu Quoc

Thai, Quan ly dat dai va nhung thdeh (hire dphia trudc (bai viet, 2008) cua GS TSKH

Dang Hung Vo, Van de ruong dat d Viet Nam (sach, 2002) cua PGS. TS Lam Quang
Huyen, Cor sd khoa hoc cho viec hoach dinh cac chinh sach va sir dung hop ly quy dat

dai, Tong eye dja chinh, Vien nghien cuu dia chinh (de tai nghien cuu doc lap cap nha
nude, 2002), Van de sd hiru va quyen sir dung dat dai trong tinh hinh hien nay (de tai

nghien cuu, 1993) cua Tong eye quan ly ruQng dat, Che dinh quyen sir dung dat (luan
van thac sy Luat h(?c, 1997) cua Th.s Nguyen Thi Cam, Dia vi phap ly cua ngudi su

dung dat trong giao dich dan su, thuong mai ve dat dai (luan an tien sy Luat hoc, 2003)

cua TS. Nguyen Quang Tuyen, Chinh sach, phap luat dat dai vdi kinh te thi trudng d

Viet Nam (Chuang trinh giang day kinh te Fulbright) cua GS. TSKH Dang Hung Vo...

6

Nhin chung, nhung cong trinh tren chu yeu Up trung nghien cuu ve nhung khia

canh cy the cua che do so huu dat dai d Vi$t Nam tren co so thuc trang viec thyrc hien

quyen SHTD doi vdi dat dai theo LDD 1987, LDD 1993 lam co sd cho viec hoan thien

LDD 1993, LDD 2003. Nhung cong trinh nay chua dua ra dupe he thong co sd ly luan
ve SHTD cung nhu giai phap thuc hien quyen SHTD doi vdi dat dai trong dieu kien
K.TTT va hoi nhap quoc te. Ke tu khi ban hanh LDD 2003, cung co mQt so cong trinh

nghien cuu ve che dQ sd huu dat dai d Viet Nam nhung cung chi dung lai d viec tiep can
van de nay d mot vai khia canh cu the. Cho den nay, d nude ta van chua co mQt mQt

cong trinh nao nghien cuu toan dien va chuyen sau ve van de sd huu dat dai tren co sd
thuc tien thuc hien LDD 1993 va 5 nSm thuc hien LDD 2003. Chinh vi vay, PGS. TS

Pham Huu Nghi cho rilng: “v/?c xac lap che do sd hiru loan dan ve dat dai bang tuyen
ngon trong Hien phap 1980 ma khong quan tarn thau dao den viec gidi quyet cac hau

quaphap ly cua tuyen bo nay la van de rat dang duac nghien cuu sau ” [65. tr.51 ].
Ve phia tac gia cung da thuc hien de tai luan van thac sy Luat hQc: Che do sd

huu todn dan doi vdi dat dai trong dieu kien kinh te thi trudng, nam 2000 Trong luan
van nay, tac gia da dua ra nhung van de ly luan ve che do SHTD doi vdi dat dai tren co

sd quan diem cua Chu nghTa Mac - Lenin va mQt so kien nghj cho viec hoan thien che

do sd huu dat dai 6 Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, nhung van de ly luan ma tac gia trinh bay

trong de tai nay con mang tinh khai quat, chua giai quyet triet de va day du cac van lien

quan den che do sd huu dat dai va QSDD tren co sd tiep thu nhung thanh tuu cua khoa

chu yeu dua tren co sd thuc tien 8 nam thuc hien LDD 1993 nh^m muc dich hoan thien

chinh dao luat nay. Rieng doi vdi nhung kien nghj ve nhan thuc, tac gia thay rang, ben
canh mQt so kien nghj cho den nay van con hup ly, trong do phan nhieu da duQc the hien

trong LDD 2003 thi cung co nhung kien nghj nen co thay doi ve hudng tiep can phu hup
vdi dieu kien thuc te va tren co sd nhan thuc mdi cua ban than.


7
5. Phuong phap nghien cuu

Luan an dirge thyc hien dua tren co sb phuong phap luan cua chu nghTa Mac Lenin, tu tubng Ho chi Minh, quan diem, dubng loi cua Dang va NN ve chinh sach dat

dai, ve thj trubng bat dong san.
Trong qua trinh thuc hien luan an, tac gia da su dung cac phuong phap phan tich,

chuong 1, phuong phap nay duqc su dung nham phan tich cac quan diem khoa hoc ve

so huu noi chung va so huu dat dai noi rieng. 0 chuong 2, phuong phap phan tich duqc
su dung de phan tich cac quy dinh cua phap luat ve sb huu dat dai va thuc tien ap dung
chung b Viet Nam. 0 chuong 3, phuong phap phan tich duqc su dung de phan tich cac

quan diem ve doi moi quan he sb huu dat dai b Viet Nam.

- Phuong phap chung minh duqc tac gia su dung b tat ca cac chuong cua luan an

nham chung minh cho cac quan diem ve van de sb huu dat dai.
- Phuong phap so sanh duqc tac gia su dung b chuong 1 de so sanh cac quan

sb huu cua Chu nghTa Mac - Le nin va cac quan diem ve sb huu b cac nubc tu ban; so
sanh cac quan diem ve sb huu dat dai trong chu nghTa xa hqi; so sanh cac mo hinh sb

huu dat dai tren the gibi; so sanh quan he sb huu dat dai vbi quan he sb huu cac tai san
khac; so sanh qua trinh doi moi quan he sb huu dat dai b cac nubc XHCN Dong Au
trubc kia vbi qua trinh nay b Viet Nam va Trung Quoc. Trong chuong 2, phuong phap

so sanh duqc su dung chu yeu de so sanh cac chinh sach ve sb huu dat dai cua Nha nubc
ta qua cac thbi ky; so sanh cac quy dinh cua phap lu$t dat dai trong LDD 1987, LDD

1993 va LDD 2003; so sanh che do phap ly cac lo$i dat, quyen va nghTa vu cua CTSDD

Trong chuong 3, phuong phap so sanh duqc su dung de so sanh cac quan diem ve doi

moi quan he sb huu dat dai b Viet Nam; so sanh cac phuong an trong cac kien nghj ma
tac gia dua ra de thay duqc uu diem cung nhu nhuqc diem cua tung phuong an.

- Phuong phap thong ke duqc tac gia su dung nham dua ra nhung so lieu chung
minh cho cac nh£n dinh ve quan he sb huu dat dai trong chuong 1 va dac biet la ve thuc

tr^ng thuc hien quyen sb huu dat dai b Viet Nam tai chuong 2.


8

- Phuong phap tong hop duQc sir dung trong phan md dau va ket luan nh&m khai

quat hoa nhung van de co ban cua luan an. Ngoai ra, phuong phap tong hop cung duQc
su dung trong tat ca cac chuong cua luan an nh^m rut ra nhung luan diem, luan cu khoa
hQC tren co so nhiem vu nghien cuu cua tung chuong.

- Trong qua trinh thuc hien luan an, tac gia cung da su dung phuong phap chuyen

gia thong qua viec tham khao y kien cua nhieu nha khoa hQC co uy tin nhu PGS. TS
Nguyen Thai Phuc, TS. Nguyen Due Chinh, PGS. TS Mai Hong Quy, PGS. TS Pham

Huu Nghi, PGS. TS Le Thi Bich Tho, PGS. TS Dao Cong Huan, TS. Nguyen Quang
Tuyen, TS. Chu Hai Thanh... thong qua trao doi, thao luan, dac biet la qua bao ve
chuyen de va bao ve luan an b cap cor so.

6. Ve ket can, bo cue cua de tai

Ve ket cau, bo cue, de tai bao gom cac phan sau:

* Leri noi dau

- Phan noi dung bao gom ba chuong:
Chuong 1: Tong quan che do phap ly ve so huu dat dai

Chuong 2: Thuc hien che do sb huu toan dan doi vbi dat dai hien nay b Viet Nam

va nhung van de dat ra

Ket luan

Danh muc tai lieu tham khao
r

A

*>

A

7. Y nghia khoa hoc va thuc tien cua cua de tai

nay, hinh thanh he thong luan cu khoa hoc cho viec tiep tuc doi moi quan he sb huu dat

dai mot each toan dien va triet de, cu the:

1. Luan an da lam sang to co sb ly luan ve che dQ sb huu dat dai noi chung va

che dQ SHTD doi vbi dat dai b Viet Nam hien nay. Ve phuong dien nay, diem mbi cua
luan an the hien b cho da phan tich ly giai nhung van de ly luan mQt cac day du va he

thong tren co sb quan diem cua chu nghTa Mac - Lenin, cac thanh tuu cua khoa hoc

phap ly the gibi cung nhu tren co sb khia canh truyen thong ljch su va nhung net dac thu

cua Viet Nam


9
2. Luan an dua ra duQC day du va he thong cac dac trimg cua che dQ so huu dat

dai va cua che dQ SHTD doi voi dat dai d nude ta va su chi phoi, tac dQng cua nhung
dac trung nay den viec xac lap va thuc hien che dQ sd huu dat dai lam can cu cho viec

nghien cuu, danh gia va hoan thien phap luat dat dai. Day la nhung nQi dung chua duQC

cong trinh nghien cuu nao d Viet Nam de cap den. Vdi nhung nQi dung nay, luan an gop
phan lam phong phu them ly luan ve che dQ sd huu dat dai noi chung va che dQ sd huu

toan dan doi vdi dat dai d Viet Nam noi rieng.
3. Luan an da chi ra duQC tuomg doi day du nhung han che cua viec thyc hien
che dQ sd huu dat dai d Viet Nam, nhat la nhung han che phat sinh qua 5 nam thyrc hien
Luat Dat dai 2003 cung nhu nguyen nhan true tiep, nguyen nhan sau xa cua nhung han

che noi tren .
4. Luan an luan giai nhung yeu cau va phuomg thuc doi mdi che dQ sd huu dat dai

d Viet Nam hien nay tren co sd do khang dinh tinh hop ly cua giai phap doi mdi che dQ

sd huu toan dan doi vdi dat dai thong qua thay doi cau true cua quyen sd huu. Nhung
kien nghi cua luan an co nhieu diem mdi co ban so vdi cac cong trinh nghien cuu trudc
day va theo quy dinh cua phap luat hien hanh, cy the.

Thu- nhat, luan an da thiet ke duQC mQt mo hinh thyc hien quyen SHTD doi vdi

dat dai trong dieu kien kinh te thj trudng va hQi nhap quoc te ma ve hudng tiep can va
nQi dung co nhieu diem khac so vdi cac quy dinh cua phap luat hien hanh

Thu hai, luan an da dua ra cac giai phap cy the nham doi mdi phuomg thuc thyc
hien quyen sd huu nhu: ve hinh thuc sir dung dat; ve hoat dong dieu phoi dat dai; ve can

cu tiep can quyen va nghia vy cua ngudi sir dyng dat...
Thu ba, luan an da dua ra duyc nhung giai phap gop phan hoan thien co che bao

dam quyen va lyi ich chinh dang cua ngudi sir dyng dat phu hyp vdi ban chat tai san cua

mdi quan he giua Nha nude vdi ngudi sir dyng dat
Thu* tu\ nhung kien nghi cua luan an khong chi dung lai d nhung giai phap mang

tinh tinh the de giai quyet nhung han che da phat sinh ma la nhung giai phap mang tinh
toan dien, cy the nham giai quyet triet de nguyen nhan cua nhung ton tai tranh tinh trang

Luat Dat dai lien tyc phai sua doi bo sung nhu trong thdi gian qua.


10

Vdi nhung noi dung tren, hy vQng r&ng, lu$n an khong chi la tai li$u can thiet va
bo ich cho cac co quan NN trong vi$c hoan thien phap lu£t dat dai d Viet Nam ma se la

tai li^u tham khao co gia tri trong vi$c nghien cuu, giang day phap lu£t dat dai


Chuang 1

TONG QUAN CHE DQ PHAP LY VE Sd HUU DAT DAI

1.1. KHAI NIEM SO HUU VA CHE DQ PHAP LY VE SO HUU DAT DAI

1.1.1. Khai ni$m ve so* hu u
1.1.1.1. Cac quan diem pho bien ve so* huu va che do sir huu

a) Theo quan diem cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin

Theo chu nghia Mac - Lenin, quan he scr huu la quan he giua nguai vdi nguai
trong xac lap va thuc hien quyen doi vdi doi tuqng sd huu Ph. Ang ghen da khang dinh:
"Khoa kinh te chinh tri khong nghien cuu cac vat phdm, ma nghien cuu nhung mdi quan

he giua nguai vdi ngudi, xet cho cung la giua giai cap vdi giai cap, nhung cac quan he

do bao gid cung gdn vdi cac vat phdm va bieu hien ra nhu la nhung vat phdm" [27,

tr.615].

Quan he sd huu vira la mQt pham tru kinh te, vua la mQt pham tru phap ly.
La pham tru kinh te, quan he sd huu duac hinh thanh va van dong theo nhung

quy luat khach quan va la mQt trong cac yeu to cau thanh QHSX co y nghia nen tang
quyet djnh den quan he phan phoi, quan he quan ly tuang ung vdi mQt phuong thuc san

xuat nhat dinh. C.Mac cho rang, quan he sd huu chinh la: “cdz nen mdng tham kin nhdt
cua loan bo ket cau xa hoi va do do, cua hinh thuc chinh tri, cua mdi quan he giua cai

quyen toi cao va su phu thuoc, tom lai, cua moi hinh thuc dac thu cua nha nude" [28,

tr.5OO].
Quan he sd huu la mQt pham tru ljch su duqc xac lap va van dong tren co sd dieu

kien kinh te - xa hQi, phan anh tinh chat va trinh dQ phat trien cua LLSX d tirng khu vtre,
tung thai ky. Trong tac pham Su khdn cung cua triet hoc C Mac khang dinh: "Trong

mdi thdi dai ljch su quyen sd huu da phat trien mot each khde nhau va trong mot loqt
nhung quan he xa hoi khac nhau ” [23, tr.234], Trong “Thu giri Vat-xi-li-e-vich An-nen-

cop, Mac viet: "Khi ngudi ta phat trien ndng luc san xuat cua minh, nghia Id khi ngudi

ta song, thi ngudi ta phat trien nhung quan he nhdt dinh vdi nhau, va tinh chdt cua

nhung quan he xa hoi do nhdt thiet phai thay doi cung vdi su thay doi va Idn mqnh cua
nhirng ndng luc san xuat ay” [22, tr 794]


12
Ban chat cua scr huu la lai ich va trudc het la lqri ich kinh te. Scr huu ve kinh te,
cu the han duqc hieu la viec no mang lai cho chu sd huu nhung lqi ich kinh te nhu the
nao. Quyen scr huu ve mat phap ly se khong con y nghTa dang ke neu khong dem lai cho

chu sd huu mQt lqi ich nao do. Vi du, quyen sd huu ruQng dat cua dja chu khong cd y

nghTa neu nd khong mang lai cho ong ta khoan dia to tu ngudi lTnh canh C.Mac kh^ng
dinh: “dia to la hinh thdi dudi do quyen sd hiru rupng dat dupe thuc hien ve mat kinh
te” [25, tr. 196]. Trong xa hQi cd giai cap, van de lqi ich kinh te dupe the hien d cho giai

cap nao chiem huu tu lieu san xuat va san pham tao ra tu nd va:

ich giai cap dupe

bieu hien trong do, la khia canh quan trong nhat cua quan he kinh te ve' sd huu ” [48,
tr.10).

Vdi tinh each la bQ phan cua quan he xa hQi nen tang, quan he sd huu can phai

dupe the che hoa ve mat phap ly. Dudi goc dQ phap ly, quan he sd huu dupe hieu la cac
quyen nang phap ly trong qua trinh xac lap va van dong cua cac quyen nang kinh te doi

vdi doi tupng sd huu theo cac quy dinh cua phap luat.
lGii.quan_hg sdjhuu duqc the che hoa dudi dang cac quy dinh cua phap luat thi
toan bQ cac quy dinh cua phap luat ve quan he sd huu va ca che van hanh cua chung
duqc gQi la_che dQ phap ly ve sd huu ma trong luan an nay tac gia xin dupe noi ngan

gQn 1^ che dQ sd huu. Quan diem nay da duqc thua nhan rQng rai trong cac cong trinh

nghien cuu ve sd huu d nude ta [80, tr.38], [4, tr.29],
Theo
b)

quan diem cua cac hoc gia tu* san

Giong nhu quan niem cua chu nghTa Mac - Lenin, cac hQC gia tu san cung thong

nhat rang, quan he sd huu la quan he giua ngudi vdi ngudi trong viec xac lap va thuc

hien quyen doi vdi tai san. Trong tac pham Understanding property law, cac tac gia cua
cuon sach nay cho rang: “quyen sd huu khong phai la su khdi niem hoa moi quan he

giua ngudi vdi vat ma la moi quan he giira ngudi vdi ngudi (giua cac chu sd hiru vd
ngudi khong phai la chu sd hiru), mot moi quan he dupe xap dat vdi cac vat ” [122, tr.

53], Tuong tu nhu vay, thuyet kinh te hQC ve quyen sd huu tai san da duqc thua nhan
rQng rai d phuong Tay cung quan niem quyen sd huu tai san: “Khong phai la thuc the

vat chat thong thudng ma la chi quan he hanh vi xac nhdn vdi nhau ve vipc sir dung vat

chat cua con ngudi ”[71, tr. 197] hoac: “Khdi diem cua viec phan tich thi trudng khong
phai d cho tra Idi quan he giira ngudi vd vat la edi gi, md phai tra Idi quan he do xa hpi


13
quy dinh giua ngudi va ngudi do sir ton tai cua vat va viec sir dung nd dan den la cdi gi.
Quydn sd hiru tai san tire la quy tdc hanh vi nhu vqy” [71, tr.197],

Ve vai tro cua sa hiru, cac hQC gia tu san cung thong nhat rang, sa huu dong vai
tro dac bi$t quan trQng trong syr phat trien cua nhan loai vai y nghTa: “la tien de cho

chinh tri hoqc tham tri la cho su khai hoa” [122, tr. 13], Tuy nhien khac vai quan diem

cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin, tarn quan trQng cua sa huu theo quan niem d cac nude tu
ban dac biet duac nhan manh d khia canh la quyen ca ban cua con ngudi, la dQng luc

cho sy phat trien. Do vay, quyen sa huu cua ca nhan dupe coi la thieng lieng va bat kha
xam pham.
Trong quan niem ve sa huu, cac nude tu ban khong co su phan biet giua sd huu
la pham tru kinh te vdi sd huu la pham tru phap ly giong nhu chu nghTa Mac - Lenin, (5

cac nude theo trudng phai thuc chung phap ly nhu My, Canada... quyen sd huu chinh la

quyen sd huu ve mat phap ly vdi quan niem: “tai san va phap luat sinh ra va chet di
cimg nhau, trudc khi luat dupe lam ra thi khong cd tai san; loai bo phap luat va tai san

cham dirt” [37], Theo do, quan he sd huu chi dan thuan la “quan he hanh vi giua con

ngudi ducrc xd hoi quy dinh (nhu phap luat nha nude, cac che dinh hanh chinh, cac

phong tuc tap quan) dat trong mdi quan he vdi su ton tai va sir dung cac cua cai” [80,
tr.15]. Doi vdi cac nude theo trudng phai phap luat tu nhien, quyen sd huu xuat hien

trong tu nhien dupe coi la “can ban va doc lap vdi chinh quyen ” [37], John Locke cho
rang: “Luat tu nhien la mot thu quy tdc bat diet doi vdi con ngudi, doi vdi nha lap phap,
cimg nhu nhung ke khac. Do do chinh quyen chi cd vai tro thi hanh luat tu nhien chir

khong sang tqo ra luat mdi. Dieu do cd nghTa la cac BLDS cd nhiem vu truyen dat day
du cac quyen doi vat ludn ludn thudc ve con ngudi cimg cac quyen tai san khac” [37],

Theo tac gia, khi nghien cuu quan he sd huu, bao gid cung phai gan vdi dieu kien
kinh te - xa hoi ma no ton tai, van dQng. Ve, mat lich sir, quan he sd huu vdi tu each la

nhung quan he kinh te co trudc phap luat, phap luat chi la su the che hoa nhung quan he

khach quan von da ton tai trong ddi song thong qua nhung quy dinh thua nhan, gidi han
tinh hop phap cua quyen sd huu. Tieu chi de danh gia su phu hop quy luat khach quan

cua che dQ sd huu chinh la quan he sd huu ve mat kinh te. Mac du d cac nude tu ban
khong co su phan biet giua sd huu ve mat kinh te vdi sd huu ve mat phap ly, nhung khi

nghien cuu va dieu chinh phap luat doi vdi quan he sd huu, mQt each vd thuc hQ cung


14
phai dat no trong moi quan he so huu vdi tu each la mQt pham tru kinh te. Va phai

chang “luat tunhien” nhu John Locke da noi, trong trudng hpp nay chinh la mQt pham

tru kinh te cua quyen sd huu? Cu the horn, Felix Cohen cho r3ng: “Quyen sd huu la

quan he giua ngudi vdi nguai ma trong do ngudi duac coi la sd huu chu co the loqi tru

nhung ngudi khac thuc hien nhung hdnh vi nhdt dinh hoqc cho phep nhung ngudi khac
thuc hien nhung hdnh vi nhu vqy” va trong “cd hai trudng hap” phap luat chi dong vai
tro “tragiup trong vi?c thuc hien nhung quyet dinh do ” [37].

La quan he phan anh quan he sd huu ve m£t kinh te, quan he phap luat ve sd huu

khong phAi bao gid cung phan anh dung quy luat khach quan vi yeu to chinh tri, vi y chi
chu quan cua ngudi lap phap. Do vay, van de hoan thien che dQ sd htru khong chi dung
lai d nhung giai phap phap ly don thuan cua gidi luat hoc.

1.1.1.2. Ve vai tro cua che do so* huu trong nen kinh te thi trudng theo dinh
hudng XHCNdViet Nam
Khi xem xet vai tro cua quan he sd huu noi chung va cua quan he sd huu dat dai
noi rieng trong dieu kien KTTT d Viet Nam, do nhan thuc khac nhau nen da xuat hien
nhung quan diem khac nhau. Phan ldn cac nha nghien cuu cua Viet Nam deu thong nhat

■vin de sd huu la van de cqc ky .quan_trong_yi quan he sd huu la quan he mang tinh nen

.tang auvet djnh den thanh, phan kinh te Trong nen KTTT nhieu thanh phan va trinh dQ
phat trien cua LLSX hien tai, tat yeu phai da dang hoa cac hinh thuc sd huu. Song, ben

canh do, cung co quan diem cho rang:

Trong nen kinh te thi trudng thi bo may kinh te thi trudng la cai quyet dinh

su tang trudng, phat trien kinh te va van de co ban cua nen kinh te chuyen tu

hoi thich hop vdi kinh te thi trudng va phat trien.. Van de co ban va quyet
tu d day la tang trudng phat trien kinh te chu khong phai la van de sd huu;

rang: Trong nen kinh te thi trudng, khi cua cai mang hinh thai gia tri va san
pham cua lao dong mang hinh thai hang hoa thi sd huu quy vao sd huu tu

lieu san xuat da trd len khong con thoa dang... khong phan anh het ban chat
cua he thong kinh te thi trudng; trong kinh te thi trudng thi van de cot tu

khong phai la ai nam tu lieu san xuat ma van de d cho ai la ngudi day su
phat trien, tang trudng kinh te. Trong tien trinh nay... cung co luc dien ra


15
qua trinh quoc hiru hoa hay ngirpc hi, tu nhan hoa, song van de d day khong
phai la van de thay doi quyen chiem huu va each thuc san xuat ma la thay

doi each bo tri cac nguon lyre cua su tang trudng va phat trien [80, tr. 34-35],
Theo tac gia, quan diem tren d mQt chung muc nhat dinh co nhung nhan to dung
xet dudi goc dQ phe phan each tiep can van de sd huu mQt each cung nhac, tuyet doi hoa

vai tro cua hinh thuc sd huu. Ngoai ra, quan diem tren do chua thay het ndi ham cua sd

huu nen da danh gia khong dung ve vai tro cua sd huu trong nen kinh te thi trudng.

Dung la. de thuc day “suphat trien va tang trudng kinh te” thi phai co d$ng lye va
phuong thuc to chuc su dung nguon lye hop ly. Nhung, cai d$ng luc thuc day do khong
gi quan trQng hon la dong luc vat chat tuc la phai noi den van de sd huu vdi he qua keo

theo no la van de phan phoi lyi nhuan, van de quan ly. Thu hoi trong nen KTTT co ai

dam bo von dau tu neu khong co co che bao dam quyen sd huu cua hQ vdi nguon von
do, bao dam cho hQ duQc hudng lyi nhuan phat sinh mQt each thoa dang? Con van de to

chuc su dung nguon luc thi co ban nhat chinh la van de to chuc thuc hien quyen sd huu.

Tai nguyen thien nhien, tu lieu san xuat khac, tien von, quyen phat minh sang che...
khong phai la nhung tai san vd chu ma deu co chu sd huu xac dinh. Trong KTTT, nguon
lye thuQc sd huu cua ai khong phAi la van de mau chot nhu quan niem truyen thong ma

dieu cot tu la to chuc thuc hien quyen sd hfru doi vdi nguon lye do nhu the nao. Va day
cung la van de thuQc ve pham tru sd huu.

Rd rang, trong dieu kien KTTT nhu da duQc khang dinh trong cac van kien cua
Dang Cong san Viet Nam va Hien phap 1992, van de doi mdi quan he sd huu la mQt van
de then chot. Nhin chung, cac nha luat hQC va cac nha kinh te - chinh tri hoc deu thong

nhat quan diem doi mdi quan he sd huu theo hudng da dang hoa cac hinh thuc sd huu

tren co sd su datfeng cua cac thanh phan kinh te trong do dac biet nhan manh den vai

tro cua sd huu tu nhan, coi sd huu tu nhan va kinh te tu nhan nhu "mot pham trit tat yen
cua phat trien kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghta ” [92, tr. 14].
Cung vdi viec da dang hoa cac hinh thuc sd huu, mQt trong nhung noi dung quan

trQng cua doi mdi quan he sd huu d Viet Nam chinh la van de cai each che dQ SHTD

Khac vdi cac nude tung la cac nude XHCN d Dong Au, khi chuyen doi sang nen KTTT,
ta khong tu nhan hoa o at tai san thuQc SHTD b^ng each chuyen doi hinh thuc sd huu

ma ve co ban, hinh thuc cong huu van duQc duy tri vdi vai tro chu dao. Do vay, de khai


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thac, su dung nhung nguon luc thuQC SHTD thuc day su phat trien cua K.TTT nhieu
thanh phan co y nghia due biet quan trQng. Van de dat ra d day la lam sao de cac chu the

trong xa hoi nhat la cac doanh nghiep thuQc cac thanh phan kinh te co the tiep can va su
dung cong bang, co hieu qua tai san cua toan dan phu hgp vdi quy luat cua K.TTT, dam
bao quyen SHTD ve mat kinh te. Hudng giai quyet van de nay chinh la thua nhan nhieu

chu the, nhieu cap dQ thuc hien quyen SHTD. PGS. TS Tran Dinh Hao khang dinh:
cdp do la can thiet trong dieu kien cua nen kinh te nhieu thanh phan” [46], Day la
hudng giai quyet dupe ap dung co hieu qua d Trung Quoc qua nhung phuong thuc: phi
tap trung hoa quyen quan ly tai san (ca the hoa quyen quan ly tai san); lien ket cong tu

tren co sd chia se lpi ich...
Tren co sd quan diem cua chu nghia Mac - Le nin va nhung thanh tuu cua khoa

hoc kinh te - chinh tri, phap ly the gidi cung vdi su sang tao cua gidi hQC gia Viet Nam,
van de sd huu d nude ta trong dieu KTTT theo dinh hudng XHCN da dupe nghien cuu

ly giai tuong doi sau sac va toan dien gop phan quan trong trong hoach dinh chinh sach
va hoan thien phap luat Ve sd huu theo hudng da dang hoa cac hinh thuc sd huu, cai

each che do SHTD tren co sd phan cap quan ly, sir dung..
Tuy co nhung thanh tuu dang ke, nhung cung can phai thua nhan la khoa hoc

kinh te- chinh tri, phap ly ve sd huu d nude ta nhat la ve sd huu dat dai trong thdi gian

qua van chua dap ung dupe nhu cau cua cong cuoc doi mdi. Bieu hien cu the la tinh
trang chua thoat han ra khoi tu duy mang tinh giao dieu, chua dam true dien de cap den

nhung van de gai goc, chua manh dan tiep thu nhung thanh qua cua khoa hoc ve sd huu

tren the gidi. Cho den nay, chung ta chua co dupe he thong cac luan cu khoa hoc ve sd
huu dudi goc do khoa hoc phap ly va khoa hoc kinh te - chinh tri, chua cd each hieu

thong nhat ve sd huu va thuc hien quyen sd huu nhat la giua cac nha khoa hoc kinh te,

cua chung ta chua nhat quan. Trong cac Van kien dai hoi Dang cua hai ky dai hoi gan

day (Dai hoi IX va Dai hoi X) cung cd nhung each tiep can khac nhau ve hinh thuc sd
huu va che do sd huu. Che dinh sd huu trong phap luat thirc dinh cung con cd nhieu han
che can giai quyet. Tai san thuQc SHTD van chua duQC thuc hien cd hieu qua vi Iqi ich

chung va la doi tuong cua nan tham nhung, lang phi Nhung sua doi, bo sung cac quy