Project Progress Report: " Introduction of the principles of GAP for citrus through implementation of citrus IPM using Farmer Field Schools " potx

1

0
Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development
_____________________________________________________________________
Project Progress Report 3
April to September 2008

Project Name
Introduction of the principles of GAP
for citrus through implementation of
citrus IPM using Farmer Field Schools
Vietnamese Institution Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development, Plant Protection Department

Vietnamese Project Team Leader Mr Ngo Tien Dung
Australian Organisation
University of Western Sydney
Australian Personnel
Oleg Nicetic, Robert Spooner-Hart
Date commenced
March 2007
Completion date (original)
August 2010
Completion date (revised)

Reporting period
April 2008 to September 2008
Contact Officer(s)
In Australia: Team Leader
Name:

Oleg Nicetic (til 2/07/10)
Robert Spooner-Hart (from 3/07/20)

Telephone:
+61245701329
Position:
Research Program Coordinator
Fax:
+61245701103
Organisation

University of Western Sydney
Email:



In Australia: Administrative contact
Name:
Gar Jones
Telephone:
+6124736 0631
Position:
Director, Research Services
Fax:
+6124736 0905
Organisation

University of Western Sydney
Email:

In Vietnam
Name:
Mr Ngo Tien Dung
Telephone:
+84-4-5330778
Position:
National IPM coordinator
Fax:
+84-4-5330780
Organisation

Plant Protection Department
Email:


2

1. Project Abstract

2. Executive Summary

All activities undertaken in the first six months in the second year of the project resulted in
successful implementation of all planned FFSs based on specific needs of each province that
were identified by rapid appraisal in June 2008. Other outcomes achieved in the reporting
period include the finalising the GAP manual based on feedback from CARD PMU, good
progress in implementation of VietGAP by farmer group in Dong Thap, completion of
GLOBAG.A.P. implementation in Vinh Long province and finalising book the Field Guide
for Citrus Pests and Diseases.

Within the reporting period a total of 57 FFS were started in 13 provinces with 1710 farmers
enroled. They will study the principles of GAP including record keeping, IPM, understanding
of citrus orchard ecosystem, influence of pruning and tree density on yield and tree health,
and understanding of the influence of organic and mineral nutrients on soil health and citrus
orchard productivity.

Dr Nguyen Van Hoa and his team from SOFRI completed writing of the GAP manual that is
now very significant reference material for GAP training in citrus.
Dr Vo Mai and her team from VACVINA have been progressing very well with
implementation of GAP in Long Hau village, Lai Vung district, Dong Thap province. The
group of eleven farmers from have been participating in GAP implementation for nearly a
year now and they make very harmonious and coherent group determent to achieve GAP
certification. Our activities in Long Hau village have great support from local government at

all levels from commune peoples committee to provincial DARD. Local government
provided financial support for building of field toilets.
The key objective of this project is to align the Vietnamese citrus industry with world standard
production practices and open opportunities for export markets. Adoption of sustainable integrated
pest management (IPM) aligned to principles of good agricultural practice (GAP) leads to both
economic and environmental benefits, and will enable Vietnamese citrus growers to be at the
forefront of production in the Asia-Pacific region. Production of export quarantine-compliant
citrus fruit with pesticide levels below international minimum residue levels (MRLs) as the result
of this project will open new market opportunities in the competitive export markets and will
enhance food safety for domestic consumption. The project is based on an interactive learning and
action research paradigm, and uses the farmer field school (FFS) model. Leading research
institutions from Southern and Northern Vietnam, together with extension officers from PPD and
farmer organisations including VACVINA and Farmers Union are working together to produce a
GAP procedures tailored to suit Vietnamese conditions. They are also work closely with the
farmers on validation of the GAP manual and providing training of trainers and farmers in IPM
and GAP through FFS. Project activities are conducted in 5 provinces in the Mekong delta and 8
provinces of Central and Northern Vietnam. The IPM component is based on practices developed
in project 036/04 VIE which have been adjusted in consultation with key personnel from Northern
Vietnam, to account for local conditions.

3

Unfortunately we have to abandon implementation of GAP in My Long village cooperative
in Cai Be district, Thien Giang province due to the lack of finance for necessary changes
farmers have to make to comply with GAP requirements.

Dr Lam from PPRI after incorporating changes to the draft of the Field Guide for Citrus Pests
and Diseases suggested by Dr Duc and Mr Loc from PPD and other master trainers has
completed the book which is now ready for print.

The management structure that was improved after the first year of the project performed
very effectively resulting in on time implementation of all activities.
3. Introduction & Background
Citrus fruit is one of the major fruit crops in Vietnam (MARD 2004) and citrus production is
an important source of income for many Vietnamese farmers. However, productivity and
production of citrus in Vietnam is considerably lower than in Australia and major citrus
producing countries of the world such as Brazil and the USA. It has been stated by MARD
that “in general, citrus cultivation has not been significantly developed over the past few
years, largely because of the serious damage of pests and diseases, especially greening
disease (officially known as huanglongbing) and therefore studies on their control methods,
in combination with managing citrus plantations and using advanced and intensive
technology is a vital necessity” (MARD 2004).

The objectives of this project are to develop GAP production procedures for the Vietnamese
citrus industry that will be published as a handbook and to introduce GAP practices using the
FFS model. Through the FFS training program a national cadre of citrus IPM/GAP master
trainers and provincial level FFS facilitator teams will be established. The key methodologies
adopted are participatory based learning and action based research. The objective of both
techniques is to fully engage participants and allow them to direct the learning and research
to best meet their needs. A key component of this project is Training of Trainers and Master
Trainers in citrus GAP including IPM. Trainers will conduct FFSs in their provinces and
together with the trained farmers will become leaders in citrus production aligned to GAP.
Multiple outputs from FFS training have been demonstrated in previous CARD projects in
citrus. These include: farmer empowerment through increased knowledge of the agro-
ecosystem; the conservation of biodiversity and protection of the environment through
reduced pesticide application as a result of improved knowledge of pests and diseases and
more effective control measures; increased food security through enhanced production; and
protection of the health of farming communities and consumers of fruit through reduced
pesticide use in fruit production. In addition to these outputs it is expected that this project
will establish a locally relevant GAP framework and begin the process of implementation of

these practices in citrus production. Implementation of GAP will open new market
opportunities in both the domestic and export markets.
4

4. Progress to Date
4.1 Implementation Highlights
The activities undertaken in the first six months in the second year of the project have
resulted in all objectives being achieved and all outputs delivered on time. The activities
undertaken in this period are detailed below.

4.1.1. Commencement of FFFs

Successful implementation of the program for 2007 has resulted in 98 trainers being
effectively trained in citrus IPM and GAP. These trainers conducted FFS at 57 locations in 5
provinces in the Mekong Delta and 8 provinces in the northern part of Viet Nam (Table 1).

Table 1: Location of FFSs number of participants and gender ratio in 2008
Province Number of FFS

Number of
farmers trained
(CARD FFS only)
Proportion of
female
participants
(%)
MEKONG DELTA
Tien Giang 7 210 14
Dong Thap 2 60 3
Vinh Long 6 180 3

Can Tho 6 180 12
Ben Tre 4 120 16
Sub-Total 25 750 9.6
NORTHERN VIETNAM
Ha Tinh 4 120 36
Nghe An 4 120 35
Hoa Binh 4+1* 120 28
Ha Tay 4 120 25
Phu Tho 4 120 39
Yen Bai 4 120 29
Tuyen Quang 4 120 21
Ha Giang 4 120 17
Sub-Total 32+1* 960 28.75
TOTAL 57+1 1710 19.17
* Funded by local government

A total of 1710 farmers have commenced training in 2008, of which 19.2% were female
(Table 1). Participation of women was significantly higher in the Northern Vietnam where
female participation was 29% with Phu Tho province recording 39% female participation. In
the Mekong delta female participation was only 9.6%, with Ben Tre recording highest female
participation of 16%. Curriculum framework has not changed since last year and it contains a
total of 21 sessions held during the growing season covering topics presented in Annex 1.
The project management team consisting of Dr Duc from PPD Hanoi, Mr Loc from Regional
Centre 4 in Vinh and Oleg Nicetic from UWS have visited all FFS in June 2008 and they
conducted rapid appraisal to establish specific training needs in each province. Results of the
appraisal are shown in Appendix 2. From presented results it can be concluded that pest and
diseases problems vary significantly from province to province. The number of pesticide
5

sprays is generally not too high, but choice of pesticides in many cases is not IPM-

compatible. The results obtained assisted in focusing the FFS towards the farmers’ specific
needs.


4.1.2. GAP Manual

The draft GAP manual for citrus in Vietnamese based on GlobalGAP was submitted to
CARD PMU and it was approved with the request to provide the English version of the final
manual as well. Attached to this report as separate PDF files are final versions of GAP
manual for citrus in English and Vietnamese. The GAP manual was written by the
experience team of researchers from SOFRI headed by Dr Hoa. The same team wrote the
GAP manual for dragon fruit.


4.1.3. Implementation of GAP

Output 6 of the project is to implement GAP in one of the cooperatives (farmer groups) in the
Mekong delta and implementation of GAP is the main focus of the 3
rd
year of the project
(2009). However, because of the complexity of the certification process and the existence of
a large gap between the reality of Vietnamese citrus production and GlobalGAP
requirements, implementation of GAP has already commenced.
The team from VACVINA, headed by Dr Vo Mai, works with two groups of farmers. The
first group is from Long Hau village, Lai Vung district, Dong Thap province. Eleven farmers
from the village actively participate in GAP implementation. This group grows Tieu
mandarin, which is a very popular variety on the Vietnamese market but with very low
prospects for export; hence, this group is working towards VietGAP certification. The group
has been participating in GAP implementation for nearly a year now and they have been a
very harmonious and coherent group and determined to achieve GAP certification. Our

activities in Long Hau village have great support from the local government at all levels:
from the commune’s People’s Committee to provincial DARD. Local government provided
financial support for building of field toilets. Team of trainers supported by our project have
regular monthly meeting with the group and all implementation activities have been
progressing very well. The second group of farmers Dr Vo Mai works with are from My Hoa
cooperative. All farmers involved in this cooperative have graduated from the 2007 FFS. The
cooperative has received financial support from the retail company Metro to implement
GAP. The cooperative producing pomelo and is involved in export of pomelo to Europe;
hence, GLOBALG.A.P has been implemented in this cooperative.

4.1.4. Pest and Diseases Field Guide for North of Viet Nam

Dr Lam from PPRI, after incorporating changes to the draft of the Field Guide for Citrus
Pests and Diseases suggested by Dr Duc and Mr Loc from PPD and other master trainers, has
completed the book which is now ready for print.
4.1.5. On farm record keeping system

On farm record keeping system was developed based on VietGAP requirements and consists
of a very simple, cheap record book that was trialled by farmers in the first year of FFS. The
first version of the book was a small A5 format which was not accepted by farmers because
space for writing was too small and farmers liked to write using large letters. After the format
6

of the book was adapted to A4 size with landscape orientation, acceptance was very good. In
Annex 3 the final version of record keeping book is presented. (Note: Formatting in the
Annex is not as good as original). In Annex 4, feedback from 24 farmers from 4 provinces is
presented. More comprehensive feedback from focus group discussions with 90 farmers from
all 13 provinces will be done as part of impact assessment at the end of the project. 83% of
farmers find the record books easy to use, 8.5% of farmers find book not easy to use but still
managed to keep accurate record and 8.5% of farmers find the book too difficult to use so no

record was kept. 79% farmers would buy the record book if the price is around VND 10,000.
92% of the farmers stated that they will continue using the record book after termination of
the project.
4.2 Capacity Building
The institutional capacity of the PPD to facilitate farmer participatory training is high and
this project is further enhancing that capacity by addressing capability gaps in relation to
specific knowledge about GAP. In the second year of the project trainers working with
farmers on implementation of elements of GAP related to IPM, farmers and environmental
safety, and record keeping. At the review workshop it became clear that trainers’
understanding of GAP had improved but there is still a lot of conceptual confusion in
differentiation between IPM and GAP. At refresher TOTs the concept of GAP and the
potential impacts of GAP implementation were studied and discussed. At the end of the TOT
the GAP implementation strategies were drafted.
Forming linkages between all stakeholders involved in the project is a critical component of
capacity building and all efforts are being made to build linkages between institutions in
Northern and Southern Vietnam. This project has successfully facilitated sharing of expertise
and knowledge related to GAP between stakeholders from the Mekong delta, who have
higher levels of GAP knowledge and experience, and stakeholders from the Northern
provinces with less exposure to GAP. The very important linkage has been established
between PPD staff and the non-government organisation VACVINA that is now driving
implementation of GAP.
4.3 Training Programs
Training is a major component of this project and during 2007 it has been conducted at two
levels. At the trainers’ level 10 master trainers completed a 4 day workshop in Hanoi and a
total of 98 extension officers, mainly from PPD but some from ARD and NGOs, received
training in citrus IPM and GAP. These trainers then facilitated a total of 24 FFSs in their
local regions funded by CARD and an additional 17 FFSs funded by provincial government.
In 2008 trainers are facilitating a further 57 FFSs.

At the farmers’ level training focussed on integrated crop management that included IPM,

plant nutrition and pruning. In regard to GAP training, the focus has been on record keeping.
At workshops in November 2007 and refresher TOTs in February-March 2008 it was
concluded that in Northern Vietnam the focus should remain on Integrated Crop
Management (ICM) and record keeping while in Mekong delta other elements of GAP may
be included in FFS curriculum.
Refresher TOTs were used for discussion about GAP principles and the ways GAP can be
implemented in Vietnam. Discussion focused particularly on the role of cooperatives in
implementation of GAP. Another important part of refresher TOTs was the identification of
pests and diseases in the orchard and practical exercises to calibrate knapsack and calculate
dose of pesticide applied. Participants also assessed spray coverage of citrus canopy. At the
7

end of refresher TOTs, practical exercises for FFS orchards were designed and they have
been implemented over the past 6 months.
4.4 Publicity
A finding of the pre-intervention survey was that the best way to disseminate information to
farmers through the media is by television, as more than 90% of all farmers have a television
set in their own home. Every province in Vietnam has a local television station and as 70% of
the population live in rural areas, the level of content relating to agricultural matters is high.
In Mekong delta television reporters have been invited to all major project events such as
meetings and the opening and closing of FFS. The Vietnamese project team regularly
participate in the program “Farmer’s bridge” on several local TV stations in the Mekong
delta. Unfortunately, there is no similar media coverage in the North.
4.4 Project Management
After adjustments made to management structure within the first year of the project and
reported in 2
nd
six-monthly report project management worked efficiently in the current
reporting period.
.

5. Report on Cross-Cutting Issues
5.1 Environment
The focus of the FFS is to increase the farmers’ understanding of the ecosystem and the
impact of human influences on it. This approach has the potential to reduce the detrimental
impacts of human activities on the environment. The IPM strategies farmers learn and
implementation of GAP should result in improved ecosystem health. At this stage of the
project it is too early to detect any evidence of environmental improvement.
5.2 Gender and Social Issues
In the training of master trainers and trainers about 30% of trainers overall were females.
This proportion of males and females is reflective of the overall PPD trainer gender balance.
In the Mekong delta, only 9% of trained farmers were woman and in Northern Vietnam
woman participation was 29%. This reflects the differences in traditional roles of women
between the regions.

All project activities are strongly supported by local government and farmer organisations
including the Farmers’ Union and The Women’s Union. Participants in FFS are encouraged
to actively engage with their local community and share knowledge acquired in FFS. From
previous CARD projects we have evidence that the FFS participants became the founders
and core members of Farmers’ clubs and cooperatives and it can be anticipated that FFS
participants will become actively involved in dissemination of their newly acquired
information in this project as well.
8

6. Implementation Issues
6.1 Issues and Constraints

As reported in previous 6-monthly report, there were two issues that posed minor constraints
to the project’s successful implementation. These are the limited knowledge of trainers in the
area of citrus pests and diseases in some provinces, and the selection criteria for participants
of FFS in the North that were based on social status of the farmers with preference being

given to poorer farmers without taking into account the level of farmers’ knowledge and
level of production. These constraints were addressed by intensifying visits to FFSs by
Vietnamese experts from PPD Hanoi and Regional Centre 4. The experts provided ‘on-site’
training for trainers and farmers. They made recommendation for pesticide use to ensure that
IPM compatible pesticides are used. However, it was concluded that in many FFSs farmers’
knowledge and their practices cannot improve within the timeframe of one FFS conducted
for one growing season.
6.2 Options

1. It was decided that in each province two existing FFSs will be selected to continue the FFS
program for the second year.

7. Next Critical Steps

In the next 6 months 57 FFSs will be completed with 16 FFSs in the North selected to
commence in 2009. In November, a review workshop will be held to develop the curriculum
for the second year of FFSs. The book Field Guide for Citrus Pests and Diseases will be
printed and distributed.

8. Conclusion

In the first six months of the second year of the project an efficient management structure has
delivered all planned outputs. Good planning, open communication between project
personnel and sustained efforts have resulted in successful second year of FFS training for
1710 farmers and 98 trainers. The GAP manual has been completed and Citrus Pest and
Diseases Field Guide for Northern provinces of Vietnam is ready for printing.
Implementation of GAP is progressing successfully in Vinh Long and Dong Thap provinces,
but it was abandoned in Tien Giang province.

9

Project Progress Against Proposed Objectives, Outputs, Activities And Inputs

Project Title: Introduction of the principles of GAP for citrus trough implementation of citrus IPM using Farm Field School
Vietnamese Implementing Institution: Plant Protection Department
PROPOSAL PROGRESS REPORT
Narrative Information Required Performance Measures Assumptions/Risks Information Required
OBJECTIVES
1










2

3





To develop GAP manual for citrus that
includes IPM guidelines that are compliant
with GAP standards








To establish a national cadre of citrus
IPM/GAP master trainers and province
level FFS facilitator teams.








Enhanced capacity of farmers to implement
citrus IPM compliant with GAP standards

GAP manual and IPM guidelines
compliant with GAP standards and
suitable for local conditions exist.








Training of master trainers at
national level conducted and
reported.
Training of trainers at regional
level conducted and reported.
Cadre of competent national
master trainers and provincial FFS
facilitators exist to champion GAP
principles and IPM aligned to GAP
in their region.

Citrus IPM/GAP FFS conducted.
Trained farmers knowledge on
citrus IPM and GAP increased.
Trained farmer implement IPM

aligned to GAP (commenced in

Low risk because of MARD
need to comply with APPPC
requirements. Study is also
aligned with
VACVINA/VinaFruit strategic
goals to develop export oriented
citrus industry hence proponents
will have high level of
institutional support.


Low risk because high self
motivation of master trainers,
high level of institutional
support and for reasons stated in
2.1.






Low risk. See 2.1 and high level
of community and institutional
support to achieve the objective.

All objectives remain highly
relevant and satisfactory progress
was made in the first six months of
the second year towards their
achievement.
10








4












5

6










Develop procedures/formats for compliance
with EUREPGAP/ASIAGAP in areas other
then IPM but related to IPM including on-
farm recording system formats and
responsible/safe use, handling and storage
of pesticide and post-harvest handling.







Assess effectiveness of FFS for
implementation of IPM and GAP


Implementation of GAP in one of the

cooperatives in Mekong delta.
FFS participant orchards).
Reduced pesticide use.
Increased food safety and
protection of health of farming
communities and consumer of
fruits.

Increased capacity of citrus
industry to implement GAP and be
prepared for new market
conditions after Vietnam enter
WTO.
Increased capacity of GOs and
NGOs to assist small holders
transition to unprotected market
environment.
Increased capacity of VinaFruit to
facilities export of Vietnamese
citrus.

Comprehensive analysis reported.



GAP implemented.

See 4.1 and high level of
community and institutional
support to achieve the objective.










Low risk since methodology is
already developed in CARD
project 36/04 VIE.

Medium because some elements
of GAP like use of certified
planting material cannot be
implemented in existing
orchards.
OUTPUTS
1.1

.
Baseline data are reported and published.
Baseline to include:
1) Information on knowledge, skills
attitudes and practices of PDD,
SRPCC, NIPP, CU, SOFRI,
VACVINA, VinaFruit and SPC on

Report on baseline study submitted
to GOs and NGOs. Press release
written.




Report peer reviewed by CARD
PMU. Feedback on report
requested from all stakeholders.
Results published in media.



Baseline study methodology was
developed and data collection was
performed in all 13 provinces. Data
were analysed and reported. Report
was accepted by PMU.

11



















1.2





2.1

GAP and the integration of IPM into
GAP.
2) Knowledge and skills on GAP/IPM of
15 Master Trainers, 90 Trainers and a
representative sample of 2880
participating farmers
3) Current GAP/IPM practices of
representative sample of participating
farmers including production levels and
financial analysis of costs and returns
4) Analysis of key markets for GAP/IPM
compliant citrus and expected market
demand and premiums
5) Identification of opportunities for
project interventions to provide
economic, social and environmental
benefits to smallholders.

IPM guidelines aligned to GAP developed
and documented.

10 master trainers (5 from Mekong delta
and 5 from North) competent in citrus IPM
aligned to GAP and GAP principles.

IPM strategies developed and
published in brochure and MARD
and VACVINA websites



Master trainers successfully
conduct training of trainers and
monitor trainers involved in
conducting FFSs.

Brochure and content of
webpage peer reviewed by
CARD PMU



Competency will be assessed by
critical self-evaluation and by
key project research and
extension personnel.

IPM guidelines developed verified
by FFS participants and included
in book.



Training was successfully
completed.

12




2.2



3.1





3.2











4.1

4.2






90 trainers (30 in Mekong delta and 60 in
North of Vietnam) competent in citrus IPM
aligned to GAP.

2880 farmers with improved capacity to
implement IPM aligned to GAP.




Publication of (1) GAP Handbook
incorporating IPM aligned handbook and
(2) Updated Pests and Diseases Field guide
for application in different agro-ecological
zones of Viet Nam

Procedures for compliance with
EUREPGAP/ASIAGAP including
responsible/safe use, handling and storage
of pesticide and post-harvest handling of
fruits developed and published.


On farm record keeping system developed
and verified.





Trainers successfully facilitate at
least one FFS within the course of
project.

Farmers successfully graduate
from FFS. Implementation of IPM
program aligned to GAP
commenced during the course of
FFS.

Books published and used as a

resource by farmers and GOs and
NGOs.









Procedures published in the form
of manual. Concise version
published in industry press and on
VianFruit Website.



System developed and
implemented by FFS participants.





Competency will be assessed by
critical self-evaluation and by
master trainers.

Competency will be assessed by

critical self-evaluation and by
trainers. Implementation of IPM
program aligned to GAP verified
through farmer record keeping.

Feedback from stakeholders.











Published manual and webpage
peer reviewed by CARD PMU





Survey to evaluate the system.

First year of training was
successfully completed by all 90
trainers. Trainers completed the
first year of the FFS and
commenced the second year.

All (57) FFS planned for 2008
commenced on time. All FFS
enrolled 30 or more participants.
This means that 1710 farmers will
be trained.
Dr Nguyen Van Hoa and his team
from SOFRI completed the GAP
manual.








Included in GAP manual. The
manual may be posted on the
website, if decided by CARD
PMU.

On-farm recording formats were
developed and have been used by
FFS participants.
13

5.1






6.1
Surveys and semi-structured interviews
conducted.
Economic benefits and the changes in
practices on farms that were included in
FFS in CARD project 036/04 VIE
documented and analysed.

GAP certified pilot cooperative established.
Surveys conducted and analysed.
Findings that comprise 4 years of
assessments of FFS effectiveness
published.



GAP implemented in one of the

cooperatives in Mekong delta.
Acceptance for publication by
high impact journal.





Certification granted or pending.








The farmer group in Dong Thap
province is in process of VietGAP
implementation. The farmer group
in Vinh Long is nearing
completion of GLOBAL GAP
implementation, with assistance
from METRO and Vac Vina.




ACTIVITIES
1.1.1.

1.1.2.







1.1.3.



Hold stakeholder meeting to discuss
activities and roles of each of the
stakeholders in execution of activities in
relation to Objective 1.

Conduct semi-structured interviews with
farmers, extension officers and wholesalers
in each of 13 provinces in regard to GAP
principles and current practices. Also
conduct interviews with exporters and
researchers in the Northern and Southern
parts of Vietnam.

Conduct survey of current practices in

relation to all 14 principles of GAP.


Activities agreed tasks and
timeframes to complete tasks
accepted by all stakeholders.


Interviews conducted, results
recorded.






Survey analysed using SPPS.
Results reported.


Completed




Completed

Completed


14

1.1.4




1.2.1





1.2.2.







1.2.3

2.1.1




2.1.2




2.1.3

Circulate results to MARD and
VACVINA/VinaFruit and other farmer and
exporter organisations. Write press releases.


Develop draft IPM programs based on
CARD project 036/04 VIE with the addition
of all GAP principles related to IPM.
(Strategies will differ in the north and south
of Vietnam)

Conduct training of trainers using draft IPM
programs (developed in 1.2.1). Programs
will be verified during the first year of FFSs
and refined at the review workshop at the
end of the first year of the project. Refined

programs will be verified during the second
year of the project.

Dissemination of IPM programs through
brochures distributed by GOs and NGOs.
Publish programs on MARD and
VACVINA websites.

Hold stakeholder meeting to discuss
activities and roles of each of the
stakeholders in execution of activities in
relation to Objective 2.

Selection of trainers trained in previous
CARD project or FAO programs.



Conduct the training of master trainers

Report on results of survey and
interviews written and peer
reviewed by CARD PMU.
Submitted to GOs and NGOs.
Press release written.

IPM strategies agreed by all
stakeholders

IPM strategies verified by farmers,
extension officers and scientists.
Written feedback will be required
from trainers. Report on IPM
strategies peer reviewed by CARD
PMU.


Brochure printed; webpage on
citrus IPM incorporated in MARD
and VACVINA websites.


Activities agreed tasks and
timeframes to complete tasks
accepted by all stakeholders.


Trainers selected. Selection criteria
based on competency shown in
previous CARD/FAO projects,
GO/NGO ratio and sex ratio.

Successful completion.
Competency assessed by critical
Completed

Completed




First year completed. Verification
in second year commenced.







Completed



Completed




Completed




Completed

15




2.2.1





2.2.2




3.1.1.







3.1.2

3.2.1


4.1.1




4.1.2




Selection of participants in TOT from
members of GO, NGOs and farmers trained
in previous CARD project.



Conduct the training of trainers




Identification of districts and villages within
each of 13 participating provinces to be
targeted for the program. Selection of
farmers from all socio-economic groups.

FFS undertaken



Writing of handbook and field guide
undertaken.

Hold stakeholder meeting to discuss
activities and roles of each of the
stakeholders in execution of activities in
relation to Objective 4.

Development of preliminary procedures for
compliance with EUREPGAP/ASIAGAP
self-evaluation and by key project
research and extension personnel.

Participants selected. Selection
criteria based on, GO/NGO ratio,
sex ratio and for farmers
competency shown in previous
CARD/FAO projects

Successful completion.
Competency assessed by critical
self-evaluation and by master
trainer and key project research
and extension personnel.

Districts and villages identified.
Farmer meeting held in each
targeted district and village.
Participants of FFS come from
different socio-economic groups.
Women, ethnic minorities and
members of NGOs represented.

Farmers successfully graduated
from FFS. Competency assessed
by trainers. KAP analysis
conducted.
Books published and peer
reviewed by CARD PMU.

Activities agreed, tasks and
timeframes to complete tasks
accepted by all stakeholders.


Preliminary procedures developed
and introduced to master trainers

Completed





The second year of TOT

completed.




Completed for the second year of
FFS





First year of FFS completed the
second year commenced, in
progress.

Completed.



Completed



Completed.



16

4.1.3



4.1.4

4.2.1



4.2.2


4.2.3


5.1.1


5.2.1

including on-farm recording system formats
and responsible/safe use, handling and
storage of pesticide and post-harvest
handling of fruits.
Verification of preliminary procedures
developed in 4.1.2 through FFS


Writing of verified procedures from 4.1.3
undertaken.
Development of preliminary on farm record
keeping system procedures for compliance
with EUREPGAP/ASIAGAP.

Verification of preliminary procedures
developed in 4.2.1 through FFS

Verified on farm record keeping system
from 4.2.2 designed.

KAP survey and semi-structured interviews
conducted.

Objective measures of capacity

improvement in target beneficiaries
(Compared with baselines) including a)
information on knowledge, skills attitudes
and practices of PDD, SRPCC, NIPP, CU,
SOFRI, VACVINA, VinaFruit and SPC on
GAP and the integration of IMP into GAP
b) Knowledge and skills on GAP/IPM of 15
Master Trainers, 90 Trainers and a
representative sample of 2880 participating
farmers c) changed GAP/IPM practices of
representative sample of participating
farmers including production levels and
and trainers.



Procedure tested by farmers and
feedback analyse at review
workshops.

Procedure written in the form of
manual.
Preliminary on-farm record system
developed and introduced to
master trainers and trainers.

On-farm record keeping system
tested by farmers.

System adopted by farmers who

completed FFS.

Preliminary analysis reported


Evaluation reported.














Verification by FFS participants in
progress.


Completed.

The first stage completed.
Improved record keeping system
introduced to second year FFSs.

Verification by FFS participants
commenced

Completed


Pre-intervention surveys
conducted.



Monitoring of impact of 2007 FFS
commenced and continue in 2008









17

5.3.1

6.1.1



6.1.2


6.1.3


6.1.4

6.1.5.
analysis of financial environmental and
social benefits to growers through adoption
of GAP/IPM practices.

Write scientific paper on evaluation of FFS

Select a cooperative that will be pilot for
implementation of GAP in citrus


Establish relationship with the packaging
house that could be GAP certified

Develop GAP implementation plan.

Implementation of GAP plan.

Certification sought




Paper published.

Cooperative selected and
agreement signed


Relationship between packaging
house and cooperative established.

Plane developed and accepted by
cooperative.

GAP implemented

Certification granted or pending


Not scheduled in reporting period

Completed

Completed.


Completed

In progress.


In progress.

18

Project Implementation Schedule


Activity Month of 2008 (Year 2)
Previous
reporting
period
March April May June July August
1.1.1 OS
1.1.2 OS
1.1.3 OS
1.1.4 OS

1.2.1 OS

1.2.2 OS OS OS
1.2.3. NS NS NS NS NS NS

2.1.1 OS
2.1.2 OS
2.1.3 OS
2.2.1 OS
2.2.2 OS OS
3.1.1 OS
3.1.2 OS OS OS OS OS OS OS
3.2.1 OS OS OS OS OS OS OS
4.1.1 OS
4.1.2 OS OS OS OS OS OS OS
4.1.3. OS OS OS OS OS OS OS
4.1.4 NS OS OS OS OS OS OS
4.2.1 OS OS OS OS OS OS OS
4.2.2 OS OS OS OS OS OS OS
4.2.3 NS OS OS OS OS OS OS
5.1.1 OS
5.2.1 OS OS OS OS OS OS OS
5.3.1 NS OS OS OS OS OS OS
6.1.1 OS
6.1.2 OS OS
OS
OS OS OS OS
6.1.3 OS OS
OS OS OS OS OS
6.1.4 OS OS OS OS OS OS OS
6.1.5 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

OS = Implemented according to project logframe schedule

BS = Implemented behind project logframe schedule

NS= Implementation not scheduled in reporting period

{ } Recommended adjustments to implementation schedule




19

List of Annexes

Annex 1a Curriculum summary for FFSs in Northern Vietnam 2007

Annex 1b Curriculum summary for FFSs in Mekong delta 2007

Annex 2. Results of rapid appraisal of specific training need in each province

Annex 3: Record keeping book (final version).

Annex 4. Results of preliminary evaluation of on-farm record keeping book



20

Annex 1a: Training program for FFSs in 2007 Northern provinces


Week Contents
1 Selection of meeting room, study field, farmers
2 Opening Ceremony, arrangement of FFS, conduct pre-test, base line
survey and set the IPM experiment.
3 Introduction of record keeping and distribution of record keeping
notebooks. Introduction of GAP principles.
Ago-Ecosystem of Citrus orchard:
+ Introduction of Citrus orchard ecosystem in the class
+ Go to the Citrus orchard: Survey, collection the specimens,
+ Return the room: Drawing and analysis of Citrus orchard agro-
ecosystem
+ Practice on the field and discussion
- Group dynamic/team building activities
4 - Ago-Ecosystem analysis
- Citrus in building phase (Nutrition requirement after harvesting and
before flowering stage)
- Use compost in Citrus production; set up compost experiment
- Insect zoo
- Group dynamic/team building activities
5 - Ago-Ecosystem analysis
- Physiology of Citrus at stage of Summer flush cycle and Fruit
development, the factor affect this stage (Soil, Water, Nutrition)
- Role of Yellow ants on Citrus orchard (Ant keeping on Citrus orchard)
- Group dynamic/team building activities
6 - Ago-Ecosystem analysis
- Use of spray mineral oil and other IPM compatible pesticide for control
of major citrus pest:

spray techniques,
Determine the dosage, volume
- Insect zoo
- Group dynamic/team building activities
7 - Ago-Ecosystem analysis
- Management of Insects, Mites and Natural enemies
- Insect zoo
- Group dynamic/team building activities
8 - Ago-Ecosystem analysis
- Management of Insects, Mites and Natural enemies (continue)
- Insect zoo
- Group dynamic/team building activities
9 - Ago-Ecosystem analysis
- Disease management
- Insect zoo
- Group dynamic/team building activities
10 - Ago-Ecosystem analysis
- Disease management (continue)
- Physiology of Citrus at stage of Autumn flush cycle and Fruit mature, the
21

factors affect the this stage (Nutrition requirement at flowering and fruit
development stage)
- Group dynamic/team building activities
11 - Ago-Ecosystem analysis
- Negative affect of chemical pesticides and Mineral Oil on Pests and
Natural enemies, Human health, Environment
- Insect zoo
- Group dynamic/team building activities
12 - Ago-Ecosystem analysis

- Introduction of Bio-Agents
- Insect zoo
- Group dynamic/team building activities
13 - Ago-Ecosystem analysis
- Weed management
- Insect zoo
- Group dynamic/team building activities
14 - Ago-Ecosystem analysis
- Pruning technique; Pruning to form the shade
- Insect zoo
- Group dynamic/team building activities
15 - Ago-Ecosystem analysis
- Use of traps and baits to control Pests
- Insect zoo
- Group dynamic/team building activities
16 - Ago-Ecosystem analysis
- Harvest and post-harvest activities
- Insect zoo
- Group dynamic/team building activities
17 - Ago-Ecosystem analysis
- Physiology of Citrus at stage of flower formation and development
- Solutions for rehabilitation of citrus orchard after flooding –apply to the
South
- Insect zoo
- Group activities
18 - Survey and analysis of Citrus orchard ecosystem
- Physiology of Citrus at stager of Spring flush cycle and Flowering
- Life Cycle and Food web
- Group dynamic/team building activities
19 - Review of GAP standards implemented during FFS. Discussion on

implementation of GAP standards at farmers own farms.
- Survey farmers after FFS
20 - Synthesis and Analysis of Field Experiment data
- Advantages and disadvantages when conducting IPM training on Citrus
orchard
21 - Post-test
- Closing ceremony



22

Annex 1b: Training program for FFSs in 2007 Mekong delta


Week Activity
1 Contact, organise class and select orchard
2 Opening class, establish farmer groups and conduct pre-
intervention survey
3 Introduction of record keeping and distribution of record keeping
notebooks. Introduction of GAP principles.
Agro-ecosystem; difference between rice and citrus eco-system,
record keeping and monitoring
4 Game; need for nutrition, organic and mineral fertilizer. CD
provided
5 Continue 4
6 Impact of pesticide; resistance & outbreaks. PSO; how oil works,
spray application. Insect zoo & monitoring
7 Insect pests and beneficials, Insect zoo & monitoring
8 Insect pests and beneficials continued, Insect zoo & monitoring

9 Citrus diseases
10 Citrus diseases continued
11 Safety of pesticide handling. Quantifying economic inputs &
outputs
12 Biopesticides; Bt, Trichoderma. Advantages and disadvantages
13 Nutrition for flowering & fruit set
14 Techniques of growing citrus, pruning, tree spacing, weed
management without herbicide
15
IPM on citrus, Introduce the process of facilitating farmer to
conduct VietGAP
16
IPM on citrus continued, Introduce the process of facilitating
farmer to conduct VietGAP
17 Recovery management of citrus trees after flooding. Rearing fish
in canals.
18 Postharvest
19 Post-intervention survey and synthesis of knowledge
20 Discussion. Which pesticides to use and difficulties of IPM.
Results of monitoring, results of experimental trials.
21 Conclusion and close


23

Annex 2: Major pest and disease, and citrus management operations that need to be addressed in FFS for each
province.

A2.1 Ben Tre province
A2.1.1. Most important pests and diseases indentified by FFS participants

Pest
Factor
Psyllid Phytophthora Scale Mites Peel borer (Pyeris citri)
Require lot of
sprays
21 7 5 12 6
Is not
sufficiently
control despite
control
measures
undertaken
15 15 10 4 5
Reduce yield

16 15 4 11 5
Reduce quality
of fruits
14 14 6 7 9
Can destroy
tree
14 26 10 0 0
Farmer needs
help from PPD
to find
management
solution.
26 23 0 0 1

24

A2.1.2. Main production operations

Operation
Factor
Pruning Soil
management
(fertiliser)
Pest and
disease
management
Harvesting
and
marketing
Record keeping
and planning of
production
Financial planning
(budgeting for next
production cycle
inputs and
regeneration of trees

Spend lot of
time doing it
12 19 17 6 3 3
Spend money
on
9 30 15 4 1 1

Contribute to
success of
production
11 22 13 2 4 8
Not sure how
to do but still
do it
2 6 10 3 13 27
Needs help
from extension
services
8 23 20 5 2 2

25

A2.1.3. List of the pest and disease that farmers sprayed against and name of pesticides used


Pest Percent farmers spraying

Number of sprays Pesticide used
Citrus psyllid 100 2 Actara, Supracide
Aphids 80 2 Actara, Bassa, PSO
Citrus leafminer 95 2 Confidor, PSO
Scale/mealybug 100 1 Supracide
Green bug 70 1 Decis
Phytophthora/fruit rot 95 2-3 Ridomil, Aliette
Borer in peel 70 2 PSO, Karathe
Mites 80 8 PSO, Kumulus
Canker 75 2 Koc 85, Kocide

Scab 70 2 Koc 85, Kasumine