Chuyên đề thể bị động đầy đủ lí thuyết và bài tập

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 9: THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG
A. TÓM TẮT KIẾN THỨC
1. Cách chuyển chung:
Câu bị động có cơng thức chung là:
BE + Ved/ PII
Trong đó, “be” được chia theo thời tương ứng với các thời Simple, dùng “be +
being” với các thời tiếp diễn, và “Have/ has/ had + been” với các thời hoàn thành:
QUÁ KHỨ
HIỆN TẠI
TƯƠNG LAI
ĐƠN
Was/ were
Am/ is/ are
Will be
TIẾP DIỄN
Was/ were + being Am/ is/ are + being (khơng có BĐ)
HỒN THÀNH Had been
Have/ has been
Will have been
Để chuyển một câu chủ động sang bị động, ta áp dụng quy tắc sau:
2. Quy tắc:
 Khi biến đổi 1 câu từ chủ động sang bị động ta làm theo các bước sau:
1. Xác định S, V, O và thì của V trong câu chủ động.
2. Lấy O trong câu chủ động làm S của câu bị động.
Lấy S trong câu chủ động làm O và đặt sau “By” trong câu bị động.
3. Biến đổi V chính trong câu chủ động thành PII (Past Participle) trong câu bị
động.
4. Thêm Be vào trước P2 trong câu bị động (Be phải chia theo thời của V chính
trong câu chủ động và chia theo số của S trong câu bị động).

I/ CÁCH CHUYỂN SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG THEO TỪNG THỜI

Áp dụng theo các chuyển đã nêu ở trên, ta có bảng cơng thức bị động theo từng
thời sau:
ĐƠN

QUÁ KHỨ
CĐ: S1 + Ved/ PI + O1

HIỆN TẠI
CĐ: S1 + Vs/es + O1

TƯƠNG LAI
CĐ: S1 + will V + O1


BĐ: S(O1) + was/ were
+ Ved/ PII + by O(S1)

BĐ: S(O1) + am/ is/
are + Ved/ PII + by
O(S1)
TIẾP
CĐ: S1 + was/ were
CĐ: S1 + am/ is/ are
DIỄN Ving + O1
Ving + O1
BĐ: S(O1) + was/ were BĐ: S(O1) + am/ is/
+ being + Ved/ PII + by are + being + Ved/
O(S1)
PII + by O(S1)
HOÀN CĐ: S1 + had Ved/ PII CĐ: S1 + have/ has +

THÀNH + O1
Ved/ PII + O1
BĐ: S(O1) + had been + BĐ: S(O1) + have/
Ved/ PII + by O(S1)
has + been + Ved/
PII + by O(S1)

BĐ: S(O1) + will be +
Ved/ PII + by O(S1)
CĐ: S1 + will be Ving
+ O1
BĐ: khơng có

CĐ: S1 + will have
Ved/ PII + O1
BĐ: S(O1) + will have
been + Ved/ PII + by
O(S1)

Có thể thấy các thời hồn thành tiếp diễn và tương lai tiếp diễn khơng có bị
động, vì 3 thể be-being-been khơng thể tồn tại liền nhau trong 1 câu tiếng anh.

II/ CÁC CẤU TRÚC BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT
1. Bị động với câu có 2 tân ngữ
Cấu trúc chủ động của dạng này là:
S – V – O(sb) – O(st)
Trong đó:
O(sb) là tân ngữ GIÁN TIẾP chỉ người
O(st) là tân ngữ TRỰC TIẾP chỉ vật
VD:

Với câu: “She gave me the book.”
Có 2 cách để chuyển sang thể bị động:
Cách 1: Lấy tân ngữ gián tiếp chỉ người làm chủ ngữ
S(sb) + be + VpII + O(st)
VD: I was given the book by her.

Cách 2: Lấy tân ngữ trực tiêp chỉ vật làm chủ ngữ


S(st) + be + VpII + GIỚI TỪ + O(sb)
VD: The book was given TO me by her.
Các động từ thường được áp dụng công thức này là:
1.

Give sb st

=> Sb be given st

=> St be given TO sb

2.

Show sb st

=> Sb be shown st

=> St be shown TO sb

3.

Send sb st

=> Sb be sent st

=> St be sent TO sb

4.

Offer sb st

=> Sb be offered st

=> St be offered TO sb

5.

Cook sb st

=> Sb be cooked st

=> St be cooked FOR sb

6.

Choose sb st => Sb be chosen st

=> St be chosen FOR sb

7.

Buy sb st

=> Sb be bought st

=> St be bought FOR sb

8.

Make sb st

=> Sb be made st

=> St be made FOR sb

2. Cấu trúc bị động kép
Cấu trúc chủ động:
They/ people + V tường thuật (say/ think/ believe/ suppose/…) + that S V O

Có 2 cách chuyển sang dạng bị động:
Cách 1: Dùng chủ ngữ giả “It”
It + Be + PII tường thuật (said/ thought/ believed/ supposed/…) + that + S V O
Với dạng này, ta chỉ chuyển vế đầu tiên thành bị động còn mệnh đề sau that giữ
nguyên.
Động từ TOBE chia số ít theo chủ ngữ mới “It” và theo thời ban đầu của động từ
tường thuật.

Cách 2: Dùng chủ ngữ mệnh đề sau “that”
S + Be + PII tường thuật (said/ thought/ believed/ supposed/…) + to V/ have PII
Thời của động từ TOBE tuân theo thời của động từ tường thuật câu gốc, số ít hay
số nhiều chia theo chủ ngữ mới.

Vế sau dùng TO V khi V tường thuật và V mệnh đề chính cùng thời, dùng TO
HAVE PII khi có sự lệch thời giữ 2 động từ này.

3. Bị động với LET, MAKE, HAVE, và GET
CHỦ ĐỘNG
Let sb do st
Make sb do st
Have sb do st
Get sb TO do st

BỊ ĐỘNG
Let st be done by sb
Make st be done by sb
Have st done
Get st done

VD:
My mother let me buy that toy. => My mother let that toy be bought by me.
My parents make me study Spanish. => My parents make Spanish be studied by
me.
4. Bị động của động từ theo sau là V-ing
Ta dùng dạng Ving ở sau các động từ sau:
Admit (thừa nhận)
Avoid (tránh)
Consider (coi như)
Delay (hoãn)
Deny (phủ nhận)
Detest/ hate (ghét)

Dread (sợ)
Enjoy (thích thú)
Excuse (xin lỗi)
Fancy (thích)
Imagine (tưởng tượng)
Finish (kết thúc)


Forgive (tha thứ)
Imagine (tưởng tượng)
Keep (cứ duy trì)
Mind (ngại)
Miss (bỏ lỡ)
Pardon (bỏ qua)
Postpone (trì hỗn)
Practise (thực hành)
Propose (đề nghị)
Resent (phật ý)
Resist (khăng khăng)
Risk (liều mạng)
Suggest (gợi ý)
Try (cố gắng)
Khi chuyển sang thể bị động, ta giữ nguyên chủ thể và động từ ở bảng trên, và
chuyển bị động ở vế sau theo công thức:
Cấu trúc chủ động: S + V + sb Ving + st
=> Bị động: S + V + sb/st + being + P2
VD:
I suggest opening a new shoe shop.
=> I suggest a new shoe shop being opened.
She admitted stealing the jewelry.

=> She admitted the jewelry being stolen.

5. Bị động của các động từ theo sau là V (khuyết thiếu) và To V
CẤU TRÚC:
Chủ động: S + can/ should/ must/ had to/ used to/ be able to/… + V + O
=> Bị động: S + can/ should/ must/ had to/ used to/ be able to/… + be Ved/ PII


VD:
You can turn on the air-conditioner.
=> The air-conditioner can be turned on (by you).
He is able to lift that heavy box with one hand.
=> That heavy box is able to be lifted with one hand by him.

6. Bị động của động từ chỉ tri giác SEE, SMELL, WATCH, NOTICE, HEAR,
LOOK
CẤU TRÚC CHUNG:
Chứng kiến 1 phần của hành động: ĐT tri giác + O + V-ing
(Ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì và chỉ thấy 1 phần của hành động hoặc 1
hành động đang diễn ra bị 1 hành động khác xen vào)
=> Bị động: S + be + P2 + Ving
Chứng kiến toàn bộ hành động: ĐT tri giác + O + V
(Ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì từ đầu đến cuối)
=> Bị động: S + be + P2 + to +V
CHÚ Ý: riêng các động từ: feel, find, catch thì chỉ sử dụng cơng thức 1.
VD:
We saw her following us when we passed the shop. => She was seen following
us when we passed the shop.
He noticed a girl sing a beautiful song in the park => A girl was noticed to sing a
beautiful song in the park.

7. Bị động của SUGGEST, REQUIRE, REQUEST, ORDER, DEMAND, INSIST,
RECOMMEND.
CẤU TRÚC:
Chủ động: S + suggest/ recommend/ order/ require... + that + S + (should) + V O
=> Bị động: It + was/ will be/ has been/ is... + P2 + that + S + (should) + be + P2.


Trong đó:
● "be" là khơng đổi vì động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở câu chủ động ở dạng
V nguyên thể.
● Should có thể được lược bỏ.
VD: He suggested that she (should) buy a new car.
=> He suggested that a new car (should) be bought.

8. Bị động của cấu trúc chủ ngữ giả " IT".
CẤU TRÚC:
Chủ động: It + be + adj + for sb + to do st.
=> Bị động: It + be + adj + for st + to be done.

VD: It is impossible for me to finish this task in one hour
=> It is impossible for this task to be finished in one hour.

9. Các trường hợp đặc biệt
1/ It's your duty to + V => Bị động: You're supposed to + V
VD: It's your duty to clean the floor today.
=> You are supposed to clean the floor today.
2/ It's impossible to + V => Bị động: S + can't + be + P2
VD: It's impossible to reach the manager by phone today.
=> The manager can't be reached by phone today.

3/ It's necessary to + V => Bị động: S + should/ must + be +P2
VD: It's necessary for you to revise for the test.
=> This test should/ must be revised for by you.


4/ Mệnh lệnh thức + Object. => Bị động: S + should/must + be +P2.
VD: Take off your shoes!
=> Your shoes should be taken off.

B. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Exercise 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động theo thời thích hợp (khẳng định)
1. Cats usually eat fish.
_______________________________________________________
2. They are playing chess in the room now.
_______________________________________________________
3. Harry has visited my house several times.
_______________________________________________________
4. John took the pill this morning.
_______________________________________________________
5. My parents were watching a TV show at this time yesterday.
_______________________________________________________
6. We had known that family for years before they moved away.
_______________________________________________________
7. They will widen this road soon.
_______________________________________________________
8. She is going to sell her house next month.
_______________________________________________________
9. The students will be taking an important test at this time tomorrow.
_______________________________________________________
10. I will have received a gift from my pen pal by this Sunday.

_______________________________________________________


11. My father will punish my sister.
________________________________________________________
12. Alan opened a coffee shop last year.
________________________________________________________
13. His brother has painted the fence so far.
________________________________________________________
14. Anna is reading a book at the moment.
________________________________________________________
15. They use computers at school for education purpose.
________________________________________________________
16. A good teacher is going to teach us German next month.
________________________________________________________
17. We can buy postcards in all tourist resorts.
_______________________________________________________
18. We were making a cake in the kitchen when the disaster struck the town.
_______________________________________________________
19. They had crossed the bridge before you called them.
_______________________________________________________
20. By Saturday, Julie will have finished her monthly report for the company.
_______________________________________________________
Exercise 2: Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động theo thời thích hợp (phủ định)
1. My close friend didn’t give me a bar of chocolate on Valentine Day.
_______________________________________________________
2. Peter hasn’t won a lottery so far this year.
_______________________________________________________
3. The teacher isn’t explaining the lesson at present.
_______________________________________________________

4. The MC won’t interview the president on the tonight news.


______________________________________________________
5. I hadn’t offered Peter some CD games before he asked.
______________________________________________________
6. My mother wasn’t cleaning the floor while I was studying.
____________________________________________________
7. He doesn’t drink beer so often.
____________________________________________________
8. Bing and Lisa weren’t studying Math at that time.
____________________________________________________
9. They aren’t going to buy that sofa.
____________________________________________________
10. We don’t have to grow vegetables in our garden.
____________________________________________________
Exercise 3: Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động theo thời thích hợp (nghi vấn)
1. Do Vietnamese eat durians?
____________________________________________________
2. Did Alex apply for that position?
____________________________________________________
3. Is your uncle going to visit Hanoi next month?
____________________________________________________
4. Have you cooked that dish before?
____________________________________________________
5. Will customers comment on our new product?
____________________________________________________
6. Are they fixing the bike at this time?
____________________________________________________
7. Was Alice doing her homework at 7 p.m. yesterday?

____________________________________________________
8. Had their brothers won the match before time was up?
____________________________________________________


9. Will you prepare for dinner tonight?
____________________________________________________
10. Will she have completed her phone call by six thirty?
____________________________________________________
Exercise 4: Chuyển các câu 2 tân ngữ sau sang thể bị động
1. Her mom will give her a new book this afternoon.
She_________________________________________________________
2. The children didn’t show him their paintings.
He__________________________________________________________
3. Could you send me your CV via email?
I____________________________________________________________
4. My girlfriend is cooking some spaghetti for me in the kitchen.
Some spaghetti________________________________________________
5. Ivan’s parents are going to choose him a suitable university.
A suitable university___________________________________________
6. The employers don’t offer the position to ones who are not qualified.
The position__________________________________________________
7. Aunt Helen has bought my younger brother a new shirt lately.
My younger brother___________________________________________
8. I was making a collage for my daddy when he stepped into my room.
A collage____________________________________________________

Exercise 5: Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động kép theo 2 cách
1. People believe that he is a hero.
=> It_________________________________________________________

=> He_______________________________________________________


2. They said that the novel is worth reading.
=> It ________________________________________________________
=> The novel_________________________________________________
3. They claim that English is spoken all over the world.
=> It________________________________________________________
=> English___________________________________________________
4. People think that drinking soda is not good for health.
=> It________________________________________________________
=> Drinking soda_____________________________________________
5. They say that watching Youtube videos spoils young children.
=> It_______________________________________________________
=> Watching Youtube videos__________________________________
6. People suppose that this man caused the accident.
=> It________________________________________________________
=> This man_________________________________________________
7. People believe that violet rays are harmful to human.
=> It________________________________________________________
=> Violet rays________________________________________________
8. They once thought that the earth was square.
=> It________________________________________________________
=> The earth_________________________________________________

Exercise 6: Chọn đáp án đúng
1.
A.
2.
A.

The examiner let test paper __________ by all the students.
be done
B. done
C. to be done
D. do
The robber admitted the money __________ by him and his accomplices.
steal
B. be stolen
C. being stolen
D. to be stolen


3.
A.
4.
A.
5.
A.
6.
A.
7.
A.

Clara used to __________ high score at school.
be given
B. give
C. gave
D. given
They were seen _________ the school gate by the security.

crossed
B. cross
C. being crossed D. crossing
The doctor recommended that his blood pressure __________ every
month.
checked
B. be checked
C. is checked
D. to check
Students are supposed __________ all home assignments before class.
to finish
B. finish
C. finishing
D. finished
He suggests a party __________ in celebration for their victory.
organized
B. be organized

C. organizing

D. being organized

8. I am going to have my laptop __________ tomorrow.
A. repairing
B. repaired
C. repair
D. to be repaired
9. She didn’t mind her belongings _________ between close friends.
A. to be shared
B. being shared C. shared

D. share
10. We were warned not ________ alone by people.
A. going
B. to going
C. to go
D. gone
11. Traffic law must _________ by all residents.
A. follow
B. followed
C. be followed
D. being followed
12. Charles imagined his house ___________ into by a gang of burglars.
A. broken
B. be broken
C. was broken
D. being broken
13. The boss made the work ___________ by him in two hours.
A. be completed
B. complete
C. to complete
D. completing
14. The company requires that interpersonal skills __________ by all attendees.
A. to be met
B. be meet
C. are met
D. be met
15. It is difficult for the game _________ due to bad weather.
A. to continue
B. to be continued C. continues
D. continued

16. They finally admitted that our conversation __________ at that time.
A. being recorded
B. was recorded C. recorded
D. to be recorded
17. The local authority is getting a new hospital __________ near the airport.
A. to be built
B. be built
C. built
D. being built
18. An electrical fault could have __________ by the fire.
A. caused
B. to be caused
C. been caused
D. be caused
19. The prisoner is thought __________ by climbing over the wall.
A. to be escaped
B. to have escaped C. escaping
D. that escaped
20. We noticed three men __________ after the explosion.


A. arresting

B. to be arrested

C. being arrested D. were arrested

ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1:
1. Fish are usually eaten by cats.

2. Chess is being played by them in the room now.
3. My house has been visited by Harry several times.
4. The pill was taken by John this morning.
5. A TV show was being watched by my parents at this time yesterday.
6. That family had been known by us before they moved away.
7. This road will be widened soon.
8. Her house is going to be sold by her next month.
9. An important test will be taken by the students at this time tomorrow.
10. A gift from my pen pal will have been received by me by this Sunday.
11. My sister will be punished.
12. A coffee shop was opened by Alan last year.
13. The fence has been painted by his brother so far.
14. A book is being read by Anna at the moment.
15. Computers are used at school for education purpose.
16. We are going to be taught German by a good teacher next month.
17. Postcards can be bought in all tourist resorts.
18. A cake was being made by us in the kitchen when the disaster struck the
town.
19. The bridge had been crossed by them before you call them.
20. By Saturday, Julie’s monthly report for the company will have been
finished.
Exercise 2:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.

A bar of chocolate wasn’t given to me by my close friend on Valentine Day.
A lottery hasn’t been won by Peter so far this year.
The lesson isn’t being explained by the teacher at the moment.
The president won’t be interviewed by the MC on the tonight news.
Peter hadn’t been offered some CD games by me before he asked.
The floor wasn’t being cleaned while I was studying.
Beer isn’t drunk by him so often.
Math wasn’t being studied by Bing and Lisa at that time.
That sofa isn’t going to be bought.


10. Vegetables don’t have to be grown in our garden.
Exercise 3:
1. Are durians eaten by Vietnamese?
2. Was the position applied for by Alex?
3. Is Hanoi going to be visited by your uncle next month?
4. Has that dish been cooked by you before?
5. Will out new product be commented on by customers?
6. Is the bike being fixed at this time?
7. Was her homework being done by Alice at 7 p.m. yesterday?
8. Had the match been won by their brother before time was up?
9. Will dinned be prepared by you tonight?
10. Will her phone call have been completed by six thirty?
Exercise 4:
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.
8.

She will be given a new book by her mom this afternoon.
He wasn’t shown their paintings by the children.
Could I be sent your CV via email?
Some spaghetti is being cooked for me in the kitchen.
A suitable university is going to be chosen for Ivan by his parents.
The position isn’t offered to ones who are not qualified.
My younger brother has been bought a new shirt lately.
A collage was being made for my daddy when he stepped into my room.

Exercise 5:
1. It is believed that he is a hero.
He is believed to be a hero.
2. It was said that the novel was worth reading.
The novel was said to be worth reading.
3. It is claimed that English is spoken all over the world.
English is claimed to be spoken all over the world.
4. It is thought that drinking soda is not good for our health.
Drinking soda is thought to be not good for our health.
5. It is said that watching Youtube videos spoils young children.
Watching Youtube videos is said to spoil young children.
6. It is supposed that this man caused the accident.
This man is supposed to have caused the accident.
7. It is believed that violet rays are harmful to human.
Violet rays are believed to be harmful to human.

8. It was once thought that the earth was square.
The earth was once thought to be square.
Exercise 6:
1. A
6. A
11. C
16. A

2. C
7. D
12. D
17. A

3. A
8. B
13. A
18. C

4. D
9. B
14. D
19. B

5. B
10. C
15. B
20. C