Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học " Diagnosis and control of diarrhoea in suckling pigs - MS4 " pptx

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Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development

CARD Project Progress Report


001/04VIE

Diagnosis and control of diarrhoea in suckling pigs


MS4 Report
Farm data and farm management systems developed and
implemented

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Table of Contents
1. INSTITUTE INFORMATION 3
2. PROJECT ABSTRACT 4
3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4
4. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND 4
5. PROGRESS TO DATE 5
5.1 FARM MANAGEMENT REPORTING FORMATS 5

5.2 FARM DATA FROM 10 FARMS (TESTS AND CONTROLS) COLLECTED, ANALYSED AND REPORTED 5
5.3 REMAINING LOGFRAME OBJECTIVES 6
9. CONCLUSION 6
APPENDIX 1 7

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1. Institute Information
Project Name
Diagnosis and control of diarrhoea in suckling pigs
Vietnamese Institution
National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR)
Vietnamese Project Team Leader
Dr. Truong Van Dung
Australian Organisation
The University of Queensland/Victorian Department of
Primary Industry
Australian Personnel
Dr Darren Trott, Dr Ian Wilkie, Dr Tony Fahy
Date commenced
April 13
th
2005
Completion date (original)
January 2007
Completion date (revised)
April 2007
Reporting period
MS 4 Data
Contact Officer(s)
In Australia: Team Leader
Name:
Dr Darren Trott
Telephone:
617 336 52985

Position:
Associate Professor of Veterinary
Science
Fax:
617 336 51355
Organisation
School of Veterinary Science The
University of Qld
Email:

In Australia: Administrative contact
Name:
Melissa Anderson
Telephone:
61 7 33652651
Position: Manager Research Projects Office Fax: 61 7 33651188
Organisation
School of Land and Food The
University of Qld
Email:



In Vietnam
Name:
Dr Cu Huu Phu
Telephone:
84 4 8693923
Position:
Head of Bacteriology Department

Fax:
84 4 8694082
Organisation
NIVR
Email:



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2. Project Abstract

This project is designed to improve productivity of smallholder pig farmers in Vietnam through
improved health management, particularly of piglets during the pre-weaning period. Additional
to the health management plan the project will develop and implement appropriate rapid
diagnostic tests for the principal causes of preweaning diarrhoea to improve speed and accuracy
of laboratory diagnosis. The third part of the project seeks to improve the production and
efficacy of locally-manufactured E. coli vaccines. During the second six months of the project,
we are still in a data gathering phase. Test farms were revisited and further recommendations
made. An unexpected solution to problems in producing diagnostic antisera for the unusual
fimbrial type that appears to be unique to Vietnam has emerged. Project findings will be
p
resented at the 2006 International Pig Veterinary Society Congress.

3. Executive Summary

This report documents progress on the following deliverables (linked to the project logframe
objectives and milestone descriptions):

o Farm management reporting formats prepared
o Farm data from 10 farms (test and controls) collected, analysed and reported;

o Extension material training prepared and training modules delivered to key extension
workers by NVIR staff
o Competent extension staff certification records
o Analysis of financial returns at the smallholder and commercial farmer level

4. Introduction & Background
Diarrhoea during the suckling period has been recognised as the principle health problem
affecting both smallholder and commercial pig production in Vietnam. Previous research has
confirmed the presence of a new fimbrial type in E. coli strains causing colibacillosis in
Vietnam that would not be controlled by existing vaccines. Existing vaccines are currently
imported into Vietnam at considerable cost. In addition, there are many other causes of
suckling diarrhoea, the significance of which is currently unknown in Vietnam, which are all
affected by husbandry and management during farrowing and lactation. Project 001/04VIE
(Diagnosis and control of diarrhoea in suckling pigs) began with three objectives to solve this
problem:

1. Production and testing of locally-produced E. coli vaccines

2. Development of a management plan for preweaning diarrhoea using a continuous
improvement (CIP) model

3. Improved field and laboratory diagnosis of preweaning diarrhoea


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5. Progress to Date
5.1 Farm management reporting formats
A copy of the simple sow card format used to measure production parameters and farm
performance are provided in Appendix 1.
5.2 Farm data from 10 farms (tests and controls) collected,

analysed and reported.
HAAMS data from the 5 test and 5 control farms is provided as separate Excel files
(Attached with this report). The results were reported in MS3 and 6 reports as follows:
An analysis of preweaning mortality reported over a 14-month observation period established
that the test farms, which were subject to a number of recommendations during the life of the
project, had a significantly lower average pre-weaning mortality compared to the control
farms (8.6% ± 3.6 vs 15.6% ± 4.3; p<0.05). One of the control farms was removed from the
trial due to an outbreak of hog cholera. For the majority of test farms, consistently lower pre-
weaning mortalities were sustained over the trial period, however for Dong May farm in Thai
Binh, pre-mortalities of close to 20% were reduced to 10% towards the end of the observation
period. It is difficult to determine whether this reduction in preweaning mortality was
associated with uptake of any of the previous visit’s recommendations as the same problems
were still observed on the second visit!
A bigger improvement may have been confounded by the small sample size, but problems in
the adoption of the Continuous Improvement Model may also have had an impact (ie the
benefits of using the vaccine were not being realised due to the many endemic disease and
production problems that were beyond the scope of this initial project to improve). The major
problem encountered from the farm visits was inadequate uptake of skills, knowledge and
recommendations by piggery managers most probably caused by breakdown in
communications between Vietnamese scientists and piggery workers in the intervening
periods between site visits by Australian scientists. The National Institute for Veterinary
Research scientists are, for the most part, laboratory based researchers and we identified a
training requirement in veterinary extension. We therefore adopted a top down Train the
Trainers approach in CARD004/05VIE which, for the large part, has been successful in
creating a subset of successful smallholder farmers in Central Vietnam.



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0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
Apr-05
May-05
Jun-05
Jul-05
Aug-05
Sep-05
Oct-05
Nov-05
Dec-05
Jan-06
Feb-06
Mar-06
Apr-06
May-06
Jun-06
Month
% Pre Weaning Mortality
Anh De Thai Binh C
Anh Thiet Hung Yen C

Trang Due Hai Phong C
Minh Duong Ha Tay C
Dinh Dung Binh Dinh C
Dong My Thai Binh T
Anh Hiep Hung Yen T
Anh Tinh Hai Phong T
Thanh Bich Ha Tay T
Nhon Hoa Binh Dinh T
Figure 1: Average preweaning mortalities observed in five test (T) and five control (C)
piggeries during the 14-month observation period.
5.3 Remaining logframe deliverables.
o Extension material training prepared and training modules delivered to key extension
workers by NVIR staff
o Competent extension staff certification records
o Analysis of financial returns at the smallholder and commercial farmer level

Unfortunately these three objectives were far beyond the capacity of this initial project
focused on preweaning mortality, but were taken up with enthusiasm in the CARD
004/05VIE project which was extremely successful. Two NIVR staff (both veterinarians)
were trained in Australia and Vietnam and now can conduct extensive farm audits in addition
to teaching extension staff vital skills such as how to conduct a post-mortem and what
pathological changes to expect for major endemic and epidemic diseases. Poor success in
compliance by piggery workers to adhere to a continuous improvement model as
recommended by Australian scientists at the large test farms (vs the controls) was turned
around in the 004/05VIE project focused on smallholder farmers by the formation of farmer
clubs.
9. Conclusion
Over 1 year’s worth of production data was obtained for test and control farms to determine
whether advice provided to reduce preweaning diarrhoea in addition to general farm
improvements significantly improved preweaning mortaility. Whilst the results were

significantly different between test and control farms, clearly the results would not
sustainable without a more holistic approach.

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Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development





APPENDIX 1
Collaboration for Agriculture and Rural
Development (CARD) Program


Diagnosis and control of diarrhoea in suckling pigs

Sow recording cards


Dr Tony Fahy
Ms Karen Moore

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FARM Identification……………………….

Sow/farrowing details

Sow ID
Date farrowed
Date weaned
Parity
N
os born alive Nos weaned
N
os born dead Fostered in
F
oetus/mummy Fostered out

Litter mortality details
Date Nos dead Death code Code for piglet death

Overlay 1
Scours 2
Splay legs 3
Runts 4
Pale/Bleeder 5
Unthrifty 6
Arthritis/Meningitis 7
Savaged 8
Cold/exposed 9
Accident 10

Deformed 11
Hernia 12
Unknown 13

Treatment records

Piglet/litter treatment Sow treatment Treatment code
D
ate Nos treated Treatment code
D
ate Treatment code
Antibiotic oral O
Antibiotic injection A
Iron I
Fluid oral F
Fluid drinker D
Oxytocin X
Stresnil S
Manual delivery M
Other V