Nghiên cứu chế tạo máy bơm chìm công suất lớn cho nông nghiệp

HOP
TAC
NGHI~~N
CW
CH~
TAO
MAY
BaM
CHIM
C~NG
SUAT
LON
CHO
N~NG
NGHI~P
+
(QW~N
1:
ISAO
CAO
T~N(;
H(1P)
Ca
quan
thqc
hien:
Trung
tarn
tlr
vdn
diu

tlr, thi6t
ke,
-
tong
nghe
CG
dien
!long
nghiep
vh
thuy
Idi
I
(Tuhg
cbng
ty
ca
dien
NN
&
I'L
-
80
Nhg
nghiep
&
PrNT)
HOP
TAC
NGHI~N

CW
CH~
TAO
MAY
BOM CHhl
C~NG
SUAT
LON
CHO
N~NG
NGHI~P
(QUY~N
I:
RAO
CAO
TONG
HOP)
Ca quan quhn
ly:
Bo Khoa hoc va Cong nghe
Ca quan chi quan:
Bo Nong nghiep va Phat
trie'n nong thon
Ca quan thuc
hien:
Trung tam tu van dau tu, thie't
ke,
cong nghe ca dien nong nghiep
va
thuy

Iqi
(~dng cung ty co. didn nung nghiep
vd
thiy
I@
Be
Nong nghiep
vd
Phdf
trih
nong fhun)
Chi nhiem
d$
tai:
PGS.
TS. Nguyen Van Bay
Tham gia thuc
hien:
-
Ths. Db Huy Cumg
-
KS.
Nguyen Van Anh
-
KS.
Tran Xuan
Lw
-
KS.
To Thai Bhh

-
KS.
To Dinh Hue
MUC
LUC
I.
n.
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
111.
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.
rv.
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
4.7.
v.
5.1.
5.2.
~6og

quan
chung
02
Tinh
h'mh
nghiCn ciru, ch6 tgo
vh
sit
dung miy born chim trb
th&
gi6i
02
7?nh
hlhh
nghien ch, chg
t+o
vh
siT
dung miy
barn
chim
b
Vitt
Narn
06
Nhu
cdu
thi tmbg
m8y
barn

chim
3
trong
nude
10
Khi
nhg xxut khdu mPy
bom
chim
13
Nghi@n
ch,
tinh toan thie"t
ke
miy
bum
chim
Lua
chqn
d6i
tuqng nghi&n ch vh cd
s&
1f
thuygt tinh toin
Tinh
tqin thigt kk$'
mdy
barn
dbng
chko

Met
sd
di&u ch luu
9
v&
1f
thuy6t tinb toAn 18
cinh
06
hai do cong
dng hiit mAy bm chim
Tinh
toin dng xA m6y
born
chim
Tinh
toin lgc tic dung lCn
rdtor
miy
bm
chim
Vbng
Jam
kin
ca
khi
cba
may
barn
chim

Gidi
thieu
chung
Nguyen
1f
lh
vice
vb phh loai
vbng
lhn
kin
ca
khi
Met
sb
ki6u
kkt
c$u cha vvbng
lh
kin
ca
khi
L$
thuygt vvP
tinh
toin vbng lhm
kin
cd
khi
ki&u

dd$
mtit
Thigt kI5
cfic
c+p ma
s6t
cha
vbng
lhm
kin
ca
khl
Chi ti& lb xo cira vbng
lh
kin
cu
khi
trong
barn
chim
Nhiing
bien
phip
mg
chst luwg
lhm
vi&c c6a ciic vbng
lhm
kin
ca

khi
CBng
nghe
ch6
tqo
may
bm
chim
71
CBng
nghe
gia cbng chi ti& budng
xoh
miy
bm
chim
AGREX
285/4
71
CBng
nghe
gia
cbng chi
ti&
binh
c0ng
tic
miy
bdrn
ch

AGREX
285/4
76
VI.
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
VII.
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
7.5.
Thir
nghiem may
bum
chim
-
dong
ca chim
Thir
nghicm m8y
barn
chim
Thh
nghitm dong ca di&n lip vbi m6y
barn
chim
Thir
nghi&m mfiy

barn
ch
AGREX
285/4
K6t
cau
cong
trinh tram
lap
may
bum
chim
D+c didm
chung cSa c6ng trinh tram
lap
may
born
chim
KEt
cgu
tram
lip
rnfiy
barn
chim
Tlnh
to6n thie't
ke*
cbng
trNmh

tram lip mhy
burn
chim
AGREX
285/4
Cbng trinh tram lip mtiy
bum
chim
AGREX
285/4
So
dnh
kinh
t6
ky
thugt
dc
tram
twm
l$p
&c
may
bm
cb
AGREX
285/4,
miiy
barn
h8n
lm

tyc ngang
HL900-9
vA
born
h~dng
tyc dimg
20HlB-50
VIII.
Quy trinh cong nghe thao
lap
va
quHn
Iy
van hhnh may
bam
chim
8.1.
Quy trinh cbng nghe thiio
miiy
ban
chim
8.2.
Quy trinh cBng
ngh&
lip rhp
may
barn
chim
8.3.
Quy

trinh
van hAnh m6y
bbm
chim
8.4,
Sira
ch3a
vh
bio
duhg mhy
barn
chim
8.5.
He
th6ng
diCu
khi6n
vl
bio ve
tu
dQng miy
bcrm
ch'm
8.6.
Nhimg
h~
hbng thrtimg gap vi
cic
bicn phiip
xir

19
khic phuc
khi
sa
dung mAy
barn
chim
IX.
Ket
luan chung
9.1.
Vb
d&
hup tic khoa hoc cbng
nghc
v6i
Hungary
9.2.
Y
nghia khoa hoc
9.3.
Hie. qua kinh ts',
x5
h6i
9.4.
Ke"t
lugn vB kisn nghl
Thi
lieu
tham

khio
155
Vdi nhhg dGc didm
vh
uu
viet
rieng, rniy bum chi dB
~UUC
sh
dung rong
rBii
trong sin xugt phuc
y
n6ng nghiep, cbng nghiep, khai thic
mb,
giao thbng, xay
dmg

Doanh thu v$ rniy born chim
hhg
nam c6a cic hang trCn the gibi dat t6i
hing chuc tf d6 la. Mby bum chim c6 clc tinh nang
hbn
hdn cL rniy bum blnh
thudng khhc
d8i
vbi clc khu wc c6
su
thay dbi
rnuc

n~bc
hfit nhi&u
(AZ
3
6m),
nhanh dQt ngbt; c5c viing n&n dgt y&u kh6 x51y dqg cBng trinh, cbc nui c6 nudc
gie"ng sau
(khi
khai thfic m6
).
Dgc biet, miy born chim khdng gay tigng
dn,
d+
rung dong nh6

sE
gihnh
uu
th6
Ih
trong vi&c bb ve mbi tnrbng sinh thii hien
nay.
D6i
v&i
nbng nghi&p, rniy bum chim dang nghy chng chigm ty
1&
cao so vdi
c8c bum truykn thBng khbc.
Vi
du,

rniy bum chlm chi& tdi
90%
phuc
y
t1.r6i
ti@u
trong neng nghiep cha Malayxia.
Vi&t Nam d5 nhgp khdu
vi
sh
dung nhi& loai bum chim v6 cac ca c6ng
suit
phuc
y
cho cic muc dich
kh5c
nhau (born gigng sAu cho cgp nu&, bum chim cho
khai thac mb, phuc
w
tudi ti&u trong nbng nghiep).
Tuy
nhien, chlra c6 cu quan nho
di silu nghien cSRl rniy bum chim. Ki&n thirc hidu bigt vd mhy barn chim cbn
rrP
it
vh han chb. Cbc
mhy
bum chim, thi6t b!, phu tiing thay th6
deu
phHi nhap khiu, dac

bifit
1h
chc mhy bum chim ci3
1h.
Dieu d6 gay
kh6
khan cho ngudi v+n hhnh sir
dung.
GiB
thhnh miiy bdrn chim nh+p khkhgu rgt cao Ihm
Qnh
huhg
i(m
den vi&c phd
bien ip dung rQng
riii
loai bum nhy vAo sln xu&. Trong khi d6, cbng
vdi
su
phit
tridn manh cua n2n kinh
t&
dill
nubc, nhu c8u v& mby barn chim nghy
tang
cao dBi
vdi c6c chhng loai
vh
cAc muc dich khbc nhau. Chinh vi v?y, nghi&n ciru
d6

tli
v&
miy born chim
1i
r&t cc$n thigt vi c&p bich.
"Hqp
tac
nghiBn
czh, chl'tga cdc
miy
born
chinz phuc
vu
n8ng nghi(;pHsE
cho phkp Viet Nam chkd$ng cung c8p cPc
loai
mhy
bum chim phii h~ dieu ki&n cu
the
vdi
gih thhnh ha
s&
ti& kiem kinh
phi
dAu
to.
NgoAi
ra, k&t qui nghi&n ciru s2 cho ph6p chii dong cung cgp cic chi ti&, phu
tiing phuc
y

cho sira chaa thay
th&
hing nghn bum chim dang hoat dbng ciing nhu
g6p phha xu$t khhgu sang cic nu6c trong khu vqc thu ngoai
te,
g6p phdn
vio
chuung
trii
xugt khiu, tham
gia
v8o su nghiep cc6ng nghi&p ho6 nbng nghiep, hi&n dai h6a
nBng thBn cfia
Nhh
nubc, nhanh chdng hoh nhap vho AFTA trong thbi gian tdi. Vdi
bien phip
hgp
tdc vdi chc
Hiing
ch&' tao d0ng cu di&n c6 uy tin cao tr&n th6 gidi
(cu
thd vdi Hungary
-
Dirc) nham ti&p nhan
su
giup da v& c6ng nghe ti&n tien trong
c6ng tic nghi&n ciru, thid
kg
che' tao rniy barn chim phuc
w

tu6.i
ti&
trong nbng
nghiep sE cho phkp nhanh ch6ng tigp c!n
vtri
cbng nghf! mdi cfia th&' gidi thuc hien
chi& luqc "chay tat d6n diu" cia Ding vh
NhB
nudc
ta.
2.1.
Tinh hinh nghiCn ch, che
tao
va
sir
dung
may
born
chim
tren the gidi
Nghnh cbng nghi&p ch& tao mfiy barn tren th6 gidi dC dat duqc nhigu thbnh
tgu
trong nghi&n cliv
If
thuygt ca bin, thigt
kg
ch6 tao
vh
iip dung vio sAn xu&
khoang 1500 loai miy bum. Mby

barn
chim dZ daqc nghiCn citu sau vh dat dgn
tr'hh
do
cao v$ cu sb
19
thuyet thh toin, thigt kg, chg ~o, dac biet
1i
chc bum chim
phuc
%
nbng nghi&p
vi
thoit n~bc thhi.
V$n
de
quan trong d6i v6i nganh chi5 tao mhy hien nay cdn quan tam
1A
nbg
cao hi&u
SUP,
tang
do
bgn,
tu8i
tho cPa may vl thigt bb/, trong d6 khau
tu

dbng hoh
vi

ca gibi hog qui trinh lhm vi&c c6
9
nghia rgt
1dn
vh gi8
vi
tri hang diu.
Nhugc
&dm
cu bln cfia ph8n
ldn
ch mly bum cdnh d5n
kidu
Iy am, dbng
chko hay hudng tqc la tinh trang khbng kin cfia chc gioang theo tyc. Ciic rb ri cha
chgt 16ng qua gioang sE dAn dEn giIm khh nang 1Am viec hoac
lhm
hbng thigt
bi.
ciic may b& chirn
sE
kh5c phuc cbc nhqc di6m nh hen, dAm
bio
dc
Gn
vA
tudi
tho cao.
Hien nay, cic miy burn cinh d&n trpc
@t

ngang
thuhg lhm viec
vtri
chi& cao
hut dia hinh
H,,
5
(6
-
7)
m,
d6i
v6.i
burn canh dh tyc dhg ciing bj h+n ch6 chi&
dAi cba tvc. Trong thvc
d,
cb muc nudc sbng su6i thay dBi r2(t
1dn
A
H
r
5,O
m vB
nhanh dot ng$t gay nhih kh6 khan cho viec van hhnh sir dung khai thhc thiet bi. DP
c6 mot
$6
bicn phip
ky
thuat giIi quy&t tinh trang tr&n: dhg tram bum n8i (thuyh,
phao), tram barn

di
dong tren duimg ray nhim trhh cho
sf
6ng nggp deng ca dien.
Tuy
nhien, cic bi&n phAp d6 dem
lai
hieu quh chua cao do kgt c&u thigt bi vh cBng
trinh ph$c tap, khh dieu khidn the0 nguy&n
19
tq
dong, do vay, khdng chb dQng
trong van hhnh khai thlc. Mby bum chim dP khac phuc t6t cic nhuuc ditm neu trkn.
d
cic n~bc cbng nghi&p phdt trign, mPy bum chim dl duuc ch~I
9
diu tu
nghiCn citu, che tao vh 6p dung vho sAn xugt phuc
y
nbng nghiep, cbng nghitp,
xAy
dung,
giao thbng t3 nhkg nim 1940
-
1950. C6c bum chim dl dat chgt Iu+g cao vdi
cic thbng
s6
ky thu!t khiic nhau vh cbng
sulit
N

=
0,1
-
5.000KW1
H
=
1
,O
-
500m,
Q
=
l,0
-
30.000 m3/h. Thuc
t&'
dang
sir
dung
rang
rHi cic mhy
barn
chim lap vdi ccPc
dong
ca
chim kiku khb, ki6u nua U&
vh
ki&u
u&.
Chc dong ca di&n chim phb

thinh dong ca di&n chim loai m0t pha hay loai
3
pha kigu ldng s6c v& cuBn day.
~hd
bign nhnhSt lh ciic miiy bum chim
kih
gieng slu tyc dimg hay tyc ngang mot
tAng hay
nhi6u
tsng canh phuc vu cho c$p nudc trong nbng nghiep, sinh hoat dbi
sBng dsn sinh (hinh
11.1).
C6c may barn
chim
tryc dimg kidu ly tam @imh
II.2),
kidu
h8n lu~ (dbng chko) (hhh
11.3)
hay
bum
hudng tqc ch'm (h'mh
II.4)
duqc nghi@n
ch,thigt
kg,
che tao vh
ip
dung
rang

riii trong nbng nghiep vh cac muc dich kh8c.
HAu nhu cac HHLg
sh
xu& burn c6 uy tin cla cic nudc cbng nghi&p phht tridn deu
quan tam nghi6n ciru vB phiit tridn may burn ch'm cic loai. Cic HZng ndi tigng vdi
c8c sh phh m8y
bum
chim
-
d(mg ca chi nhu: Flygt (Thuy Didn),
ABS,
Mona
(Dlic), Omega (Tay
Ban
Nha), Kubota,
EBARA,
Hitachi (Mat),
3HEPTOMAUI
(Nga), Huyndai (Hhn QuB'c), cAc hbg bum c$a Phiip, Hungary, Anh
Hungary c6
nhieu
hang chuy&n nganh chu
jr
nghien ciru thie't
kg
vh ch&
tao miy bum vdi chgt luqng dat tieu chuin quBc
t&
va c6 uy tin cao, dgc bi&t
dB'i vbi nghnh thujr lui Vitt Nam. Hhng chuc m8y

bum
truc dhg loai
CsV1.000
(N
=
250
-
320 KW, Q
=
8.000
-
16.000 m3/h)
dB
d~dc
lap
tai
9 tram
burn phuc
v@
tudi tieu
b
Vi&t Nam tit nhkg nam 1960
-
1970,
d6n nay, vh hoat
dong
khti
hieu quA. Hhg EXTREN cba Hungary d% cung c&p
cac
rnhy

barn
neu
tr&n vB dii nghitn
ch,
thi&t kg, ch6 tao nhi&u rniy bum chim cic loai cbng sugt dat
chat lupgicao, dB xust khiu sang nhieu nudc tren thg
gidi.
Hag
ABS
cha
ang ho8 lien bang Ddc duuc
thinh
l+p tir cu6i thg kg 19 vB
bit
ddu ch&' tao miy bum chim tir nhitng n&m 1950.
ABS
c6 doanh thu hlng narn
nhieu
tq
db
la
do cung c%p sd I-g rgt
lh
rniy
born
chlrn cho hun 100 nudc tren
thg gidi.
ABS
sin xu& hhang tram
loai

bum
chim (ci dong cd vB
bum
chim) v& cbng
SUP
N
=
0.16
-
15.000 KW, llru lugng dat
t(ri
Q,.,
=
25.000 m3/h va cot ip Hm,
=
220 m.
ABS
lubn duuc xi5p trong hhng ngii nhhg Hing dhg d$u thg gidi vv$ chi5
tao rniiy
bm
ch'm.
Hkg Flygt cba Thuy Di6n la mot trong nhihg td
h*
cBng nghiep dlmg
v1
tri
hang ddu trong nghien ciru, thigt kg, ch6 tao rniy burn chii. Xugt phat
tir
nhu cdu
thqc

tg
cha nginh khai thac mi5 can loai bum mi dgng cu dien khbng bi
hh
huhg
do ngap lut m6, chju duuc
su
mhi mbn c$a nudc c6 nhiv$u tap chgt mb vh c6 th6
di
chuydn linh hoat bhng thi~ cbng
,
HBng Flygt dii cho ra ddi nhhg mau
bum
chim
dbu
tien
tir
ngm 1948. £Xn nay, Hihg
dP
c6 hhg trim ki6u burn chim v6i cac
ci3
cbng su%t (dat
tdi
N,,,= 10.000KW), cLc thbng s6vB tinh nmg ky thuat khiic nhau.
HLg dii xu& khiu
tdi
110 nudc tren the gidi v&i doanh thu hhng nirrn hang tf
db
la.
Tuy vay, gi8 thhnh cic bum
chim

cha HHng Flygt thuoc loai dk nhgt the gih.
Cic bum chim cba Hing Huyndai
(Hh
Qudc) vh Tdng cbng ty
3HEPTOMAUI
(Nga)
c6
gih thhnh thgp hun nhiku so vdi bum chim ciia Flygt.
KEt cgu rniy bum chim ciia
3H E PTOMAUI
vh Huyndai
c6
nhiCu cii tign vh co
phAn gih dun hm so
vdi
bum chim cha Flygt hay
ABS.
Tuy nhien, vk chk luwg va
hinh
thi3c
my
thuijt
cbng nghiep, c8c
H5ng
barn
cua Nga
vh
Hhn QuBc
c6
phin thua

kern
so
viri
ck
HBng
cfia
Thuy
Didn, Dirc
vH
Hungary.
Hinh
II.1.
Mdy
bmz
chim
~ieir
gikng
suu
nhih
tirig crinh
Hinh
11.3.
Bmt
h6ri
lidu
(ddng
chko) chim truc
dhg
Hinh
11.2.

Boi-r~
ly
tcim
chim
truc
dhg
Hirth
11.4.
Bm
h~hg
truc chim truc
dhg
Chc hbg
sh
xu&
bmn
cb dang chli
f
ddu
tu
nghien ciiv sau vi5 nang cao
tudi tho.
60
Mn,
khH
nang lhm vi&c theo nguyen
If
tq
dgng ho8 cim thie't bi ciing nhu
nang cao chgt luqng thui luc phdn

dh
dbng cha born chim, nghi&n ciru ciic k&t cgu
mdi nhh tang cdng suQ c6a mbi td rniy
bmn
N
=
1O.OOOKW. cgt ip
H
=
600
-
800
rn, luu luqng
Q
=
40.000
m3/h.
Lf
thuygt tinh toin thigt kk mAy bum chh d5 dat
duuc nhiku thbnh
tgu
1611,
d@c biet, vC phin tinh toin kbt c$u cic loai bum chim
ki&u ly tarn, dbng chbo vii huhg tyc (kd ci tyc ngang vh tyc dimg) vdi cl tao
gBi dt~ chiu
IUC,
hf! thBng lam kin ca gidi, b8i tm vl
1Bm
m6t.
Lf

thuygt tinh toin
dang
dude
ti$ tyc hohn thi&n vh phlt tridn.
N6i
chung,
1f
thuygt ttnh to9n phAn dAn
dbng rniiy
bum
chim khbng c6 gi qui khic bi&t so vdi tinh toin thigt kg phiin din
dbng c9c
bm
ciinh dHn thbng thuhg. Tuy nhi&n, do dac di&m @t chim trong mOi
tmhg chiit 16ng (c6
th&
ll
nudc s~h, chgt lbng thHi, hol chgt, nudc bfin clt

vdi
nhiet do
khk
dhau) hay trong dieu kien thuc
t&
kh6c nhau nh~ bum
tir
c9c gi&ng
khoan sau hbng vhi
trh
mdt (bum gigng sau), barn nudc phuc

y
Iim mht
b
cfic
nhi miy @.n
tir,
bum
chim phuc
y
cho cbng tic khai thfic dAu khi s& dbi
h6i chc phucmg ph9p tinh tofin dac bi&t kh8c nhau v&i nhihg luu
f
dac
thii.
Vi
du,
d6i vdi bum chirn dhng cho c&p nudc lhm mit
&
nhh miy di&n nguyen
tii
yeu c$u
b&n dac biet cao, chi lap d!t mgt 18n n&'u c6 hu h6ng dii chi ti& nh6 cfing bj loai b6
tohn bg ci barn vl dgng cu (sau khi lip bmdgng ca xong sC hhn kin tohn bo cic
m8i lap gh6p
dd
dim bAo kin tuyet ddi).
Dbi vdi cic bm chim cot 9p cao tdi vhi tram met thi vgn d& tinh toin chinh
xhc l+c doc tyc
c6a
barn vl giHi phip k&t cgu di can bang lgc hay bi&n phhp

lh
giim lqc doc
tryc
ciing nhu ki5t c$u chi ti& chiu duqc luc doc tvc sE
la
vgn d$ quan
trong
b!c nhgt chng
vdi
dAm bAo do kin tuyet d8i cha bum. Ngohi ra, ddi vdi m6i
kidu bm chim
sB
ca'n
quan
tam v6 dac tmg ri&ng trong ttiih tohn.
VI
du, dbi vdi
bm chim kigu ly tam c6t hp khhg quh
lh
(H
5
70rn)
phuc
y
nbng nghiep vA
thoht
nude
thii thi
cdn
chli

j
nhi$u &n tic dong c6a lqc h~hg tam vh chon vbng bi
chm hay vbng
bi
dB phli thi&n v& chju luc huhg tam. Ddi vdi bum chlm ki&u
huhg tvc
thi
lai cdn quan tam hm dgn luc doc tvc vl chon vbng bi ch@, vbng bi
da
d&u thien v& chiu luc doc twc. Ddi vdi
born
chim ki6u hh8 luu
thi
quan t&-n tdi
ci
hai loai
lqc
dP
n&u.
6
Nga
vh
Ucuren c6 chc nhh m8y 1611 chuyen thigt kg, chb
tao
cic
loai m6y bum chim neu tren
vh
dat ch&t luqng
t6t.
Cic

bom
chim phuc
vy
cho n6ng nghiep vl thoht nudc thii loai binh thuhg
(dB
axit thgp, kich thudc c6c v4t cimg trong
nude
thhi khbng quA
1h
)
si5 cho ph6p
sir
dung
loai bm
chim
kidu c6nh d5n truy&n th6ng va phAn
ttinh
toAn 19 thuyet si5
dun giln hun nhih so
vdi
bum chim phuc
VIJ
cb muc dich dac biet di neu.
Cic nudc ASEAN vh ch3u
A
dB
c6 nhieu lien doanh, lien
k&t
vdi
cic H5ng

bum
lh
tren thg gi8i trong nghien ch,
thi&
ke
vh che tao cAc kiku
bom
chim
vdi
c8c loai cdng sugt khgc nhau
vh
dat kgt
qqui
t8t. R6t
kinh
nghiem ciia clc nudc cdng
nghiep phlt tri&n, clc nubc ASEAN
vh
chAu
A
cfing sir dung rat r0ng
rli
c&c mAy
bum chim, d8u tu cho nghien
ch,
thigt
kg
vHB
chg tao cic loai barn chim phuc vu
nei ti&u

vB
xu5t khkheu dat hi+ qui cao.
Vi
du
ditn
hinh
18
Malayxia dB sir dung
cac loai mLy bum chlm vbi
ti
trong dac biet
1611
(chi& tdi 90% tohn b0 sd luqng
bum dang hoat dong) phuc
y~
cho
tudi
ti&u trong ndng nghiep
vh
thoat nu& th%i.
Nguyen nhgn d4n den tinh hinh tr&n
Ii
do
uu
viet
cba bum chim: cdng trinh tram
dm giln, r&t phh hqp
v6i
chc
dng c6

su
thay
d8i
muc nubc
nhiCu,
nhanh dQt
ngot
vi dac bi&t
12
khBng gay tigng 8n (nguyh nhAn quan trong nhgt d& Malayxia
sir
dung
barn
chim vbi ti
1&
cao). Ngohi ra,
born
chim cho phdp sir
dung
vdi m$c dB
tq
deng hol cao
rAi
thuan lgi cho Malayxia
khi
luc luqng
lao
dbng rfit thieu.
2.2.
Tinh

hinh
nghikn
ch,
che
t.+o
va
su
duug may
born
chim
&
Viet
Nam
Miiy
barn
chim
c6ng sugt lh, c0t
Ap
cao
b
dang
barn
gi&ng sAu c$ nubc cho
cac khu dgn cu phuc dbi s6ng dan sinh ho?c c6c
nhh
m6y, xi nghiep dg duuc sfi
dung
i,
Vi&t Nam
iil

nhimg nam 1960
-
1970.
Cic mhy bum chim
kiiu
gigng sau
llru
luqng
nh6,
c0t
ip
cao thuhg nhgp cha
nude
ngohi (Nga, Bungary, C0ng hog
%c
I.
Cho dgn nay, m6y
bum
chim sir dung
b
Viet Narn phuc
+
tu6i
tieu trong ndng
nghiep cbn qui it (chua qul 100
t6
rnly cic loai)
v6i
cdng sugt
N

=
10
-
320
KW.
Nguyen
nhan
chinh
dan
d&i7 tinh trang tr&n 11
do
gii
th&nh c6c
bum
chim qu6 cao
trong
&hi
gil trj sln phdm ndng nghiep
th@,
ngudn vbn ngAn
ssih
Nhl
nubc
lai
han
the.
NgoHBi ra,
bb
than cic
nhl

quBn
19,
nhhg ngua khai thbc mdy bum
vi
tram
bum chua
~UUC
chuh bi dsy dh
kith
thirc cho vi&c tigp nhgn loai
bum
niy
nhh dat
hi&u qui cao. Nhhg nam qua,
BQ
NBng nghiep
vh
Phit tri6n ndng thdn
dP
bat ddu
ch6
y
nhgp
c&c bum chin ki&u ly tam, dbng chko vvh hudng tqc mOt c$ c6ng
suSLt
16n
N,
=
320
KW,

lu'u
luqng ldn
Q,,,,
=
16.000
m3/h
phvc
+
tlf6i
ti&u trong nBng
nghiep ttir cic nu&: Thuy
Ditn,
Ddc,
&I
DD
HHBn QuBc

Sau mQt sb
n&n
dua vio
sir
dung
trong
thuc
td, c6
th&'
rtit ra mot st5
k&i
luan v8 mdy
bum

ch'un: c6c miy bom
chim lim vi&c tBt,
dn
dinh;
cdng tr'hh tram raIt dm giAn, dac bi&t phii hqp v& hi&u
qua d6i v6i dng
sBng
hb
c6 su thay
ddi
muc
nu6c nhitu
vi
nhanh dgt ng0t. Kinh
nghiem ciing chi r6 chgt lugng miy cha mBi nu6c c6 kh6c nhau. C6c thigt
bj
may
bum chim
c6a
Thuy ~ien, Hungary, Dirc du~c
dlnh
gib cao. MPy bum chirn cua
Hin
Qu6c c6 k&t cch dm giln hm,
nhmg
can phHi chii
9
tbi met sB nhuqc didm
khi
sir

dung (Thuc
t&
lap dgt
v&
ssir dung
born
chim cha
HBn
Qudc
&
tram born
Phh
Sa, Hh Tay dC
chi
rB di$u ngy).
Nhbg
n8m
qua
clng thgy r6 nhiku
v&n
d&
t8n tai ddi vdi nginh che tao rnly
bum.
Born
chim cbng sugt
lh,
luu
luqng
I6n
phuc

+
nbng nghi&p vA thoat nudc
thHi cbn qui mdi m& d6i
vdi
Vi&t Nam,
k&
ci cln
be
ky
that chuy&n nghnh miy
thuf
khi
d&n
cin
bO
quhn lf, lap dat vP
sir
dung hay c0ng
nhan
van hhnh, sira ch3a

HAu nhu chua c6 tli lieu
ky
thu? nlo v$ bum chim chinh thirc
duuc
cbng bB' vh ph6
bign mot c6ch
bhi
ban c6 tinh ph6p
quy,

mGc
dii
s6' lugng vh ch6ng loai mPy bum
chim dudc nhap khdu
vh
sir
dung
ir
Vi&t Nam
la
rgt ddang
kd
(hang
ngh t6 mPy clc
loai). Nhieu cbng ty khai thic nudc ngh chh
yr5u
chi quan tam d&n tinh to5n lua
chon
cic
barn
gi&ng slu
vh
nhap
khdu miy c6a
nude
ngoii. MQt sB hgp t6c
x5
(Hi
Nam,
Narn

Dm ),
cAc cbng ty
&
thinh
phd
Hd
Chi
Minh,
Hi
N0i di ch6 tao chc
bum gi&ng slu ki6u
ly
tam nhi&u cgp vh cac chi ti& lhm
phu
tirng phuc
vy
sha chira,
thay
thd cho chc ban
nh+p
ngoai, nhung chgt
luqng
v2 hieu su%t cbn thgp. Vi&n
khoa hoc thuf lui tridn khai
d&
tii cap
Bg
quHn
I$
v& nghi&n ch

thi&t
kg
chd tao
bm chim
nhmg
chua c6ng
bB
kgt
qui,
Cac
mAy
bum
ch'm
dH vh dang duuc
sir
dung rgt rcng rli
b
Vi&t Nam phuc
+
cho vi&c thoit nudc thii (nudc sinh hoat
vP
nudc thHi cbng
nghiep).
Tuy nhien, cac
bm
chim dbng cho thoit nudc thAi c0ng sugt
N
>
3OKW
dude

sis dung
vdi
s8'
111qng it hon nhiZu
so
v6.i
loai
born
chim cbng
su%t
nhb,
dac biet
b
pham vi cbng
SUP
N
=
4,5
-
22
KW.
Thbi
gian gPn day, van d& v& mbi tmhg
nu6c ta d~qc quan
tam
slu sic hm d2 dIn dgn viec
sir
dung nhih hon clc
barn
chim hlit nuirc

thii
&
thhnh phd vh
b
c6c nhh miy cbng nghi&p cing nh~ phuc
vy
cho cic dhi phun
nude
trang tri cii tao cinh quan m0i tmhg.
Nhimg n8m qua,
BP,
NBng nghiep vvl PhPt trih n6ng thbn dH giao cho Tdng
cdng
ty
ca di&n n8ng nghiep v2
th3y
lui
nghien ciru
vh
chju tr,6ch nhi&m
lap
dat hh8u
hgt
cic
t6
may burn chim c6 cdng suat
ldn
(N,,
=
320

KW,
Q,,
=
16.000
m3/h) do
Be
nh+p khkheu cua nudc ngoai phuc
y
m6i
tiBu trong n8ng nghiep. Tdng cbng ty dZ
hoin thinh t6t nhiem
y
nghien
ch
thi lieu v&
bcrm
ch,
dong ca chim vh cLc thigt
b/ di&u khien k&m theo; d nghien ciru clc
quy
trinh
c8ng ngh&
I$
dat
rn4y
burn
chim ca
ldn
vi tqtc ti&p tien hhnh lap d$t
bum

chim
dat
ket quuH tBt. ~6ng cbng
ty
ciing nghien ciru, thi&t
kg,
ch& @o chc
phu
Nng nhh bHo dui3ng sira chiia thay the
cAc chi ti&
bum
chim
nh!p ngoai bi hu h6ng nhim dim bio cho
tgt
ci cic m6y bm
hoat dong binh th~tmg khbng cSn sg can thiep
ciia
chuyen gia nudc ngoii.
ang
nhu
chc burn cinh dan thbng thutmg dang duuc sir dung, bum chim
chg cln phHi duuc nghien cciru theo ck gam
bum
dd dat hieu qui cao trong
thbi
gian ngin vB ti&
kiem
kinh
phi
d$u

m.
Hien nay, trong ndng nghiep dang
sir
dung c6c may barn h~hg
try,
ly
tam
vh
dbng cheo kidu try ngang, tvc dimg
vl
tyc dat nghieng v6i cic
thbng
sb
cBng
sugt d0ng ca dicn rgt phd bi&n:
-
"Loai
16n":
N
=
75; 90;
110;
200; 250;
320;
500 KW
(v6i st5 vbng quay
tuung
img
n
=

300; 490; 590; 730;
980;
1450; 2900
v/ph)
-
"Loai vira va
nh6":
N
=
55;
45; 40;
37;
33; 30;
22;
(20); 15; (14); 11;
(10);
73;
5,5;
4,5; 4;
3,s;
3; 2,8;
2,2;
1,5;
1,1;
0,5; 0,3; 0,15 KW
(vdi
st5
vbng
quay tumg
hg n

=
980; 1450; 2900
v/ph)
Miy bom chim cha cic nuCrc tr&n
thE
gidi
dX
phc hiu
nhu
dAy dii cic tri
s6
cbng su8t dong cu dien
di
neu cua Vitt
Nam
vA
c%c
tri
s8'
c0ng suat
khic
vh
1h
hun. Nham
pbup
vy
cho cBng
thc
nghien
ch,

thigt
kg,
chi5 tao miy barn
chirn
phuc
vu
.
.
tu6i tiCu nBng nghiep clng
nhu
cic ngilnh kh5c chdng ta
phii
chd
9
nghien clju
the0
gam
dong ca tr&n
vdi
cAc gam ban b+c tnmg nhgt.
Cin c
h'"
j
la
bom chim phyc
%
tubi tieu trong ndng nghiep chii y&u
sir
dung
cho

nhimg
nui c6
sq
thay d8i
muc
nube nhi&u
vi
nhanh dOt
ngot.
Nhimg noi
d6
thuhg nhm
?r
ven chc sbng
suBi
(ngohi
dC)
hoac cic
h6
chira
lh.
Nghia
12,
cot nubc
cla bom thuhg
1h:
H
2
6
m.

Sh
dung cPc
mLy
bom
chim
c6
c0t
nu6c
H
<
6
m
phuc
MI
tudi
tieu trong ndng nghitp
sE
cho hi&u
qui
thgp
hm.
V6i
ciic
m6y bm chim
vB
dong cu chim duuc
thigt
kk&'
vA
che tao trong nu&

chac
chh
sE
ha gii
thlnh
sln phh td
m6y
vi
cho phkp chh
dwg
cung
cap
thigt bi,
phu tiing thay thE. Day
11
giii
phap
t8i
uu
nhgt d6 6p dung rong
rli
cac miy born
chim vho
stin
xu& phuc
vl;l
nbng nghi&p ciing
nhls
cLc nghnh
kinh

ti5
khic.
Ngoai ra,
day ciing
11
bien
phPp cdn
thiW
phht huy n0i
luc
Viet
Nam,
phin lhm
giirn
kinh
phi
nhap khdu, tang ngoai t& xu& khdu,
nhanh
ch6ng ho8
nhap
vho
APTA
trong
thbi gian tdi, dac biet
Ih
tham gia vho viec thqc hi&n cic
Dv
An
xay lap cic tram
barn chim mdi,

caic
du in cii tao cic
barn
ly
tam, huhg
tq~c
cfi
bang
c8c
bum
chim
the0 ngudn vdn
cha
NgAn hhng the
gidi
WB2,
ADB
vh
ODA.
CBng trinh tram
lap
miy barn chim ciing
lh
vgn
d66
rgt ca'n duuc quan tam.
Nu& cic sBng su6i
b
Viet
Narn

vho mba
mua
thuhg c6 ndng do pht~
sa
rgt
lh.
Hi&n
tuqng b8i Iang d8i vdi c8c cira s8ng
,
diy
song
hay
b
cic
kenh
mumg,
bt!
hiit,
b6
xa
tram
bom d5 gay rift nhibu phirc tap cho cBng tic quin
19
van
hhh
khai
thic
miy born vB
tram
bm phuc

vy
nbng nghiep.
Sir
dung
ban
chim cbng sugt
1611
trong
dibu
kien
tic
d0ng bBi ling ciia
phii
sa
sE
kh6
khan
hm
nhiku.
Kinh
nghiem
v!n
hhnh
sir
dung
c5c bm chim cbng sugt
1611
(N
=
320 KW)

&
cic tram
born
Phii
Sa
(Hh Tay),
Dai
Dinh
(Vinh
Philc)
&
b&n
ba
sbng Hdng
dZ
cho thgy phii c6 giHi phap
ky
thu? dac biet
khi
thigt kg, chg tao born chim vh phii l~
9
den
k&t cgu cbng
trinh,
cin quan tam
d&'n
quy trinh kh& deng, b6ng
ma
mly. Day
1h

vih
d&
rgt quan
trpng
dd
dh b8o bm llm
viec
bihh
thuhg vil nhg cao
tudi
tho, do
b6n
cta thi&
bi, lhm tang hifsu qu6 sir dung cbng trinh.
Barn
chim
phy
y
cho tho6t nudc
thii
c6
can bH hay vgt
chg,
biln clt lhg dong ceng gap cic kh6 khan hi sir dung
nhung
c6 th& khic phuc
nha
thigt bi khgy. Tuy vay, hien ttrqng c6a
phti
sa b8i lang v$o

mha
1ii
3
cic sdng 16n thubng ph$c tap v5 kh6 xi?
19
hm nhi$u so v6i tic dong c6a
bhn cht lang dong c6a nudc thHi.
T6m lai, c6
th6
khang dinh rang, rnly bm chim 1B thi&t bi ca di&n thuec loai
c6ng nghf! cao
dii
duqc
sir
dung vdi
s6
luwg kh6ng nh6 vi dang c6 nhu cdu riit
Ib
dBi
v6i
nhidu n@nh, dcc biqt
dbi
vdi n0ng nghi&p
vb
thost nu6c thiii. Tuy nhien, c6
th&
heng dinh ring, v&
1-h
qc mly bm chim, Vi@t Nam
d5

bi
@t
hau khl
xa
so
v6i c6c nudc khic trong
khu
vqc (Singapor, Thii
Lan,
Malayxia,
Indbnexia)
vd
hi& bigt chu* s8u trong
ly
thuygt
tinh
todn thigt kc, cbng ngh& che tao, quy trlnh
cdng nghe v&
lip
dat, van hhnh khai th6c quAn 19
vh
sira chila
miiy
born
chim, clc
kign
thirc
v& k@t cb clc loai miy barn chim vh cic kiku c8ng trinh lap d+t mly
bum
chim, c6c thi lieu th6ng tin,

cic
thi
lieu kf thu?t, cbng tic bdi duhg dio
tao
chuyen
nghnh v&
born
vA
tram lap
born
chim d6i v6i
cb
c8n
bg
ky
thuat, quHn
19,
cdng
nhan linh nghe v& che tao, lip b$t,
sira
chiia
born
chim. Nghla
LA,
nghi&n cliru sAu
v&
bum chim, d$c bict, d$ thi
v$
"Hqp
t&

rrghidn
ch, ch8po
mdy
bom
chh
cdng
suat
Zh
phuc vu ndng nghiep"
1ii
vh
dC
r%t cgp thiht
b&
9
nghia
khoa
hqc ciing
nhu hieu quA kinh t&
xl
hoi. Cdn dac bict quan tAm chri
9
ci v& ch6 tmg chi bao
chung
cijng nhu tang cubg kinh
phi,
nhan luc chgt xhm cho viec nhanh ch6ng tiep
cgn vi nam bat
cac
kign thllrc v$ thigt

kg,
chh tao, lap bat v9 sa
dung
may bm chim
caic ca c8ng sugt khhc nhau cho cic nghh khac nhau cha nen
klnh
t&'
dgt nu& (bi
kkm
the0 1h cic k&'t cgu
c0ng
trinh tram t6i
uu
t~cfng img phh hqp vdi dieu
kien
cu
the cha
timg
nglnh).
~6
tii
18 budc khbi biu dd d6ng
g6p
kjp thbi cho vi&c tham gia
thuc
hien
rgt
nhi&u du An cha
B(9
Ndng nghiep v9 Phlt tri&n n6ng thbn trong th&i

gian tdi nhim cung clip ththt bbj m8y
bom
chim c6ng sugt 16n cho cdc tram born
chim
m6i
hay thay the cho cLc miy
bm
ly
tam,
huhg
tqc th6ng
thuhg
&
qud ci
vh
~II
hbng

v6i nguBn v6n vi&n trd hing tram tri&u 66 la cha
ODA
hay
v6n cha
Ngan hang thg gidi giai doan
2
(WBZ), v6n c8a Ngan hbg phlt trikn chau
A
(ADB)
vi
ngu6n
vdn

khBng nh6
Zr
trong nuac.
2.3.
Nhu
cau
thi trubng
may
bum
chim
6
trong
nu&
Khio sAt
nhu
c8u
thi
tmhg tieu
thu
mAy bum
chim
b
Vi&t Nam c6
the
phen
ra chc loai:
2.3.1.
Muy
born
chim phuc

vu
cho
cap
n~&c sinh
hoat
vd
cac
nhu
dy
cBng
nghiep
Nudc sach phuc
cho dai sdng
dan
sinh vh cdc day chuyen
sAn
xualt trong
c0ng nghiep thuhg dqc lgy
tir
chc ngudn nu& ngdm, thi& bj hut
nubc
ngtim til
cac gi&ng thuimg
la
c5c
mriy
bum n~bc kidu gging sgu nhap ch6 y&u
cfia
Nga
(ATH-6,

ATH-8, ATH-10 hay chc bm cgp n116c ki&u
ly
tam chim
).
Mot sii mAy
barn chim khic nhap
cba
cic
nudc
Dong
Au,
Nh$t,
My,
Hhn Qu6c vh Trung Qudc.
Cic mdy barn gi&ng
sAu
nhgp
cia
Nga
tir
nhimg nsm
cudi
the kf bubc
thuhg
c6
gid thhnh thgp theo cic Hiep djnh
vC
vien trg cha Lien
X8
cii

hogc theo
cdc
Hqp
d$ng
kinh
ti5
ky
thugt
v6i
gii thtri
bao
cgp. Dgn nay, cic born chim
c6a
Nga
khdng chn gi6 th$ nira vi gii dP tang
khi
cao (ga'n
bhg
gii5 c6a born cic nudc
Italy,
TBy
Ban
Nha
vA
dit hun so vdi
born
chi
c6a
HBn
Qu6c).

Bum
chim kitu
gigng s8u cua Trung Qu6c ciing dii dudc nhgp
khdu
vho
Vi&t
Nam
kh5
nhi6u
co
ch8
luqng k6m
hung
gi6 thhnh qud th5p nen
vb
tiCu thu duqc v6i
s6
Iu~g kh6ng
nhb
b
cic dla phuung.
Hien
nay,
trCn thj tmhg cic
bm
gigng
sAu
(bm chim
tryc
dhg hoac tpc

ngang hi& tdng chnh n =
4
-12
thg chnh) dang
dude
nhgp
kh$u
tir Italy,
Hin
Qudc, Dii Loan,
My,
Nh+t vi
Trung
Quiic.
C6
met
sd
CCI
s&
CCI
khi
cha
Hi
NQi,
thhnh ph6 H6
Chi
Minh,
Ha
Nam

chg
tao mUt
s6
chi ti&,
phu
tiing
thay
th6 cho c6c
barn
nh3p ngoai. Tuy nhien, cac phu
tiing duqc chb tao d&u dqa theo miu nu6c ngoii (kh0ng
c6
nghien ccinr bii bin) nen
chgt lucg khsng cao. ang vi
19
do 66
rnA
hieu sugt
lim
viec c6a
born
chim sau
khi
sira
chila bho du~g thuhg
rit
thgp, gay t6n k&m nhieu
v&
chi phi nang luqng
cho barn.

Vi
khhg
diu
tu cho nghien ch nghiem tiic, d$y dh nen kh0ng c6
thi
lieu
ky
thuat phd
bien
rgng
r5i
ham b6i
duhg
ki6n
thirc
cho
cin
bq
v2
c0ng
nha
ky
thu? chuyCn sau
v6
bum chim.
rinh
trang
nly
15
vgn d& b3c xx6c cdn quan

th
chlL
9
khac phy.
Sd
lugg mhy burn
chim
ki6u
gibng
sau
dude
nhgp
khdu
vdi
sb lqmg
llrn
vh nhu chu nghy cing tang.
2.3.2.
Ciic
bom
chim
nhii'u
cup c@t
tip
cao
sd
dung
cho
khai
thdc

rnd
vd
thout
n~dc
thdi
Chc
bm
chin phuc
vq
khai thAc m6 vi thoht nudc thAi
lh
viec v6i m6i
tmhg chgt 16ng c6
nhi$u
tap chgt hoii hoc nen rgt nhanh
hu
hhg. Cic chi
ti&
phdn
dAn dbng phii thay th& nhi&u.
W
khhng c6 hidu bi&t sAu v&
bum
chim nen cac phu
tiing thay thE v3n phii nh+p ngoai
IA
chinh.
MQt
s6
chi ti& thay

W'
d~dc chg tao
trong
nu&
deu c6 chst luqng
thgp,
tudi
tho ngan, chua dip hg duuc
cAc
y&u chu
ciia sin xu5t-
Cic
burn
chim phuc khai Mc m6 vA thoit nudc thii
dwc
nh!p ngoai c6
sB
l~qg it hm nhi&u so
vdi
loai
bm
chim
ki&u gi&ng s Au nhmg do dac
di&m
phii
chlu mhi mbn, chgt
lbng
c6 tap chgt phirc tap n&n giA thM ra't cao. Chc
bum
chim

loai nay hap chS yk'u cfia Oc, Nhat,
Y,
Nga.
2.3.3.
May
bom
chim
phuc
vu
n6ng
nghiep
Nghicn ch, khio siit tinh
hinh
sir
dung mhy
burn
chim phuc
y
tudi ti&
trong n6ng nghiep cc6
chc
nude
cdng nghi&p phht tridn
(My,
PhAp,
Italy,
Nhat
Nga), cPc
nlrbc
NIC

c6a chAu
A
(HBn QuPic,
Dhi
Loan) vh ciic nudc
ASEAN
c6
th6
nit ra
nhih
bii hpc bd ich cho
viec
hoach djnh phit
trian
ngAnh ch& tao miy
bm
n6i chung, sir dung may
burn
chim n6i rieng
b
nudc ta.
LA m0t n~dc nBng
nghiep
liia
nudc, nhhg
nZrn
qua Viet Nam dZ bat nhhg
thAnh t+
1611
trong nBng nghiep. Nghnh thdy lui vdi dc h& th6ng thily

1qi
vh cic
tram
bum
d5u m6i
d5
c6 nhmg d6ng g6p
1h
vAo thbh
dii
n&u. Kinh
nghiem
v&
nghiCn ciru, thigt kg chES tao vA
su
dung hhng ngAn mjly
bum
cic loai trong hm nua
th6 ky
qua
dii cho chfing ta nhimg bhi hoc
bd
ich,
tao
di&u kien cho vi@c ip dung
nhhg
tikn
bQ
khoa hoc ky thu+t mdi vho sin xu& trong 66 c6 vgn be
mAy

burn
chim.
Trudc mat, trong thbi ky
2002
-
2015
kinh
tE Vi&t Nam phfit trign manh,
hung tibm lqc v& kinh tG ciing
nhu
sli.c mua cfia n&n
kinh
te
nudc ta cbn han ch&' so
vdi c8c
nude
khPc trong khu
%c
(Singapo, Malayxia,
Thfii
Lan
).
MAy
bm
chim
lh sAn phim cdng nghi&p c6 tinb cBng ngh& cao vh gi8 thhnh
kh0ng
th$.
Dh
c6 dau

tu
nghien ciiu, thigt kk? chi?' tao
burn
chim trong
nude
nhim
giim
gii
thinh sin
phdm
vi chh dong cung cdp thiia
bi
cho sin xugt
(k6
ci
phu tiing thay
the?,
nhung
khH
nang ve thi truhg
ti&u
thu miy
born
chim
cPc cB c0ng sugt cho ndng nghiep
ciing chi
phit
trien
vdi
tBc

do
phb
hgp
v& di&u kien cu thd Viet Nam
(do
y&u
ti5
tam
19,
trinh do hi& bikt chung c6a c6n bo quHn
If,
ky
thu!t tir kh8u thikt kk, chi5 Go,
lap d+t vh v+n hgnh sir dung t6c dong).
ThHo lugn vi$ vi&c hoach dm
kg
hoach phiit tridn vA sir dung cAc loai bum
chi
cho nBng nghiep c6
thb
phan
chia theo cAc hudng sau:
a)
VkcQi
rzrt6c
4
May
barn
chim phuc
y

cho nbng nghiep sE chi dem lai hi& quh cao d$i vbi
clc dng co su dao dong muc n~dc
@
hiit
AZ
Z
4
-
5
m vA cgt nudc d/a hinh phHi
bum
H,,
3
6m. Nghia li, cot nudc miy bam phAi dh
bio
H,
3
7m. CAc dng c6
cot nudc thgp
hcm
vln c6 th6 sir dung bam chim nhng hieu qul
sE
thgp hm nn&n
d
it duuc khuygn khich hoac sE duuc mb rQng phm vi Ap dung.trong nhi$u
n&n
sau.
Kinh
nghjem sir dung cic mhy born nudc phuc
vy

tu6.i tieu trong nbng nghiep
c6 th6 chia ra cic khoAng trj s6 theo cic viing vi muc dich
sir
dung khic nhau:
-
Vdi chc tram bum phuc
t&i
kgt hgp tieu qua cdc d& bao doc
chc
de quai cfia
khu cc
b8i
ven sbng Hdng, song CAu, song
Thli
Bi
nh
c6 th6 dDng cic born
chim
c6 cot nuirc
H,=
7
-
18
m.
-
Vdi cicviing ven s0ng Hdng, song
MZ,
song Lam

vdi chc d&

ldn,
caoviviing
Trung du mi&n
BBC,
mien
Trung

c6 th6 sit dung loai bum chim c0t Ap
Hb=
20
-
30
m
-
Dbi
vdi vimg TAy Nguyh, dng
nQi
phia
B~C
(Tuyen Quang, sac Giang
.)
cfing
nhu vdi c6c
he
thdng tutri phun mua c6 thd sir dung loai bbm chim cot
lp
Hb3
35
-
60

m
Chc bum chim phuc
vy
nBng nghiep sE duuc sir dung lap cho c6c tram
born
x8y mdi ho$c thay thb cic mmby bum cii (s8 llrqng rgt lh) dii lap
td
nhnhg niim
1960
-
1970.
Vdi muc ti& n&u tr&n nhim dat
hi@
qui
kinh
ti5 cao
khi
diing miy bum chim
c%n quan tam den dc gam bum phu hop
v6i
cPc trj s6 c6ng sua't vi
luu
lugng d6
thay thk cic bum cii mi vAn sir dung du~c c6c c6ng
trinh
th6y
lqi
dbu m6i (tram
bam, cira van, cira c6ng) vi dc he thdng
k&nh

mumg
&
xay dung. C6 the nghi&n
ch, thi&t kb vA chi5 tao chc bum chirn lip
vdi
c6c dong
ca
dien chim theo cbng su%t:
Hien
nay, thqc
ti5
dang
sir
dung hhg nghn mdy
barn
dbng ch6o tpc ngang
12LTX- 40 hoac HL900-
9
v& cAc thbng
sd
kp
thu+t:
-
C6t n~tdc mjly
barn
H=9m
-
LUU
lu~g mPy
barn

Q
=
900 m3/h
Cbc
mby
barn
12LTX- 40 d cii, hu h6ng
nhieu,
hi@
qui
sir
dung
th%p
vi
dB
den
th&i
k3 thay th& hhng loat. CAc tram
ddu
mbi
vh
he
theing cBng trinh
be
hut,
b6
xl, k&nh muung
vb
sir
dung t6t. Ngohi ra,

nhieu
tram
bum
vdi qui m6
tubi
tiCu dbi h6i cric m8y
burn
c&p nudc c6 c8c thbng
sb
ky
thuet cu bin tumg
tq
hoac
tang them 10,
-
15% luu luqg m8y
burn.
Nghia
li,
nhu
cdu
ve
born
chim vdi cfic
thdng s6 kj; thug nhu dl n&u lh rlit ch thiH. Loai rnPy
barn
chim
cdng sugt dwg ca
di&n N
=

37KW sB dPp hg cPc yeu c8u rgt
I&
cha thuc
tg
(k6 cb tang luu lugng
nang cao hi@ qui sir dung cia cBng trinh).
V6i dgng cu di&n ch
N
=
37KW c6 the nghi&n ch gam
barn
chim vdi cot
nudc may
bum
H,
=
10,20,30,40,50
vB
60 m.
Ngoli
ra,
tmdc mat c6 th6 nghien ch clc
burn
chim c6ng sua dong ca
N
=
55KW
lap
vdi c6c
miy

born
h8n
lm
H
=
10
-
15
m,
Q
=
800
-
1400 m3/h
vh
c6c gam
ban
v6i
cic c0t iip khhc nhau.
Thuc ti5 sin
xust
cGng dang rgt
cin
loai
bum
chim kib huhg tqc
v8i
c6ng
sugt
N

=
75KW. c0t 6p
H
=
7
-
IOm, luu luqg
Q
=
1800
-
2500 m3/h.
Sau
khi
sHn xugt
vi
ip dung vAo shn xu9lt phuc
n6ng nghiep cdc loai m6y
bm
chim cbng sugt
N
=
37,55,75KW sB mh rQng pham
vi
tang cbng sugt
N
=
100
-
300KW vA giam

N
=
0,5
-
30KW nham dip img dly dh c8c gam
burn
chim phb
hq
vCri
cdc yeu cdu vl muc dich sir dung cu
tht.
2.4.
KhP
nting
xugt
khau
may
barn
chim
Nhitng nHm qua, thhi kk
ddi
mdi
dH
tao di&u kien cho cdc cBng
ty
sin
xu&
cdc thigt
bl
cu dien cha Vi&t Nam tigp

xuc
vbi
cric HBng nudc ngohi
vh
cac
th]
mhg tieu thu. Cbc thid
bi
mdy
bum
lap
vdi dong ca dien do
Vi&t
Nam sAn xu& d5
c6
chgt lugng teit, hinh thirc my
that
dep,
c6 th6 canh tranh
vdi
c6c s6n phh chng
loai cha
ciic
nu&: ThPi Lan,
&I
DQ,
Trung Qudc.
Th&
manh
c6a m6y bum Vi&t

Nam
Ih
chgt lu~g
vh
h'hh
thirc khbng
thua
k6m cbc
nude
trong
khu
%c mh giA
thhh th3'p hun nhieu.
CAc
doanh nghiep
Viet
Nam dH thang thdu
nhib
du
an cung
clip
mdy
bum cho Lho, Campuchia.
Trung
tLim
tz~
vik
da:u
tu,
hie^?

kk:
cbng ngh$
ca
dzen nbng nghiep
vu
thGy
Zpi
(AGRIMECAD)
cung
v8i
~6ng c0ng ty cd dien nbng
nghiep vh
thby
lqi
(AGRTMECO)
dZ
thuc hien
nhih
DU
5n cung cgp cic may bum
nudc, cac thigt bj
ca
dien phuc
y~
nbng
nghiep
vh thhy lai cho
c6c
dja ph~cmg cha
LAO, Campuchia thu

nhi$u
ngoai te.
Kinh nghiem nhih
nam
lhm viec v6i
BQ
NBng Lam nghiep cua CQng hoh
dan chu nhAn dan Lha, Vumg
qudc
Campuchia dii chi rd rang cic nudc niy c6
nhu
cdu rgt Idn v&
miy
bum chim phuc
vy
nbng nghicp
vdi
cdc thong
sB'
ca bAn:
-
Vhng ha'Lho
vh
Campuchia cAn mmLy
barn
chim v6i cgt nudc
H
=
10
-

20
m
vi cbng'sugt dQng cu
di&n
N
=
37
-
75
KW.
-
Vung
thng vA thugng Lio cAn mQy barn chim
v6i
cot
nu6c
H
=
30
-
45
m
vh
c6ng sugt dwg cd dien
N
=
37
-
75
KW.

Cac bja phuung cha
Lao
vh Carnpuchia
d5
nh!p kh6
nhiCu
chc mdy barn
chlrn
viri
cbc th8ng
sb
dZ
n&u cba c8c HBng born
&
Do,
Nhat,
My.
Song song viri
vi&c
tap tl-ung nghi&n ciru
d6
thi
nghi&n ciru
vl
triln
khai
Du
An
sln xua thir nghiem
mAy bum chin cBng sugt ldn phuc

vy
n0ng nghiep, Trung
tam
AGRIMECAD
vh
~dng cBng ty
AGRIMECO
dii
c6
sg
trao
ddi,
h* tic vB thoA thu@ vdi tinh HSa
Phan
vB
Kham Mu0n
(Lio)
d& cung cgp cho ban mot sb mhy bum chin cbng su8 N
=
37
-
55KW,
H
=
30
-
45
m.
Dq
ki&n

sE
cung cap cho
tinh
Vihg
Chin
08
td
m6y
bm
chim
cBng sugt
1611
N
=
150
KW,
H
=
16 m, Q
=
2500
m3/h.
3.1.
Lua
chon
doi
tuqng
nghien
ch
va

ca
sir
Iy
thuyet tinh toan
Do di&u
kien
d!a
hinh
chc dng shn
xu&
nbng nghi&p
vdi
chc tram
born
c6
dao dQng muc nudc
b&
hlit
16n
dbi hbi
thi&t
bi
m6y
barn
c6 dac thii rieng: tohn
be
tt$
mhy
born
phAi

dat
chim
trong nudc. Tuy
nhien, xu&t phAt
tir yeu c$u thuc tE, diZu
kien sAn
xuilt
vB
tr'mh.
d6
cia
cbng
nghe chE tao, trhh d6
dan
tri
cha
nguai
sir
dung
c6 th&
chon
bum
dbng cheo
v6i
cdng
suait
N
=
37KW.
CQt bp

c%n
dat H
2
lOm.
tr
'3'
'
.e3'K
.HTK
.Kdlr
N'
==-
dc
'7
dc vb .vdc
Trong d6:
-
Ndc
=
37~~
COng
sugt dong ca
di&n
-
K,,
=
1,05
He
s6
an

tohn cha dong co
-
H,
=
lorn
CBt i5p thik't
kg
c6a mAy
born
Luu
Iuqg thigt
kg
cha
miy
born
1h:
Hien nay,
nhieu
phumg phiip tinh toin thdy dQng luc cic he th6ng
Iudi
cinh
miiy
barn
dbng chko
dat
mirc
do
t6t
vi
nghy cing duuc hoPn thi&n.

C6
th6
xAc
dinh
c6c kich thudc c6a
bAnh
cdng tic
mhy
born
dbng chko theo cic gii thik't
lh
diCu
ki&n t8n
th5t
thiiy lqc
nh6
nhgt
tumg
img
vdi
c9c tri
sb
nh2,
nhgt
cfia
van
t6c tumg
d6i trong r5nh
tai
cira vho

vi
ra
kh6i
bhh
cbng
tac.
Hinh
111.1.
TiCi
dien kinh
tuygn
&-n
d6ng
bbnh cdng
tdc
born
ddng cheo
C6c kich thudc ca
bin
ciia ti& dien
kinh
tuygn dh dbng bhnh cbng tic bum
dbng
ch6o (h'mh III.1) x8c drnh the0
CAC
thong
s6
ca bh cba
bum.
6)

Sdvdng
quay
d@c
trung
cia
barn
(
n,
)
Trong d6:
$.
n
=
1450v/ph
SB'
vbng quay cba
bum
vbng quay dac tnmg
n,
=469v/ph
sE
cho he theing ludi canh
may
bum
kiiu dbng chCo.
3.1.2.
Cu
s&
l'
thuytft

tihir
tuun
bdnh
c6ng
tuc
mdy
born
ddng
chdo
Dieu ki&n 1hm
viec
cia bum
lii
su
chenh itch
Ap
luc
b
hai phia cAnh bAnh
cBng thc, do 66
c6
SIJ
iong
8n
dinh
cia
van tdc tuyet
ddi
vh dp luc
b

trong bdnh
cdng tac.
Tuy
nhien, chuygn dong
tumg
dBi
b
banh cdng tic 18 chuyin dong
6n
dinh. Do 66, tac dung tumg h6 cha dbng chiy
vh
he
thdng cinh c6a binh c6ng
t6c
duqc nghien ciru trong chuygn dong tumg
d6i,
cbn dbng chat lbng trong phiin 6ng
hut
vh
Bng
xP
miiy
bum
duqc xCt trong chuygn dong tuyet dbi.
Phumg trinh
ca
bh cha
may
cinh cho ph6p chuy&n bii toin xic djnh cot
nudc cSa binh cbng t6c

sang
bli to6n
x6c
dinh
66
gia
mbmen
dong lugng cba dBng
chiy
b
trong binh cbng tic, tdc
la
ta
bhi
toan
dong luc hoc chuyin
sang
dong hoc.
D6i vdi bum dong ch6o c6
he
s6
tf t6c chng cao thi banh cbng tac chng
g5n
vdi
loai hudng try. Khi 8y
cc6
th8
sh
dung phucmg phap thiei
kg

1~6i profin thhg dd
tinh toin cinh. T6t nhgt vln
la
diing phumg phiip thh
lu~
phhng tr& tren
b&
mat
hinh tru,
sau
d6
dhng
thufit bi6n hinh bio gidc cic profin
dZ
c6 thhh cic mat dbng
chHy d6i xhg qua t~c binh cbng tic chnh chko. Trong tnrlmg hqp nay
c6
th6 dbng
c6c c6ng thirc vh h(! s6 tinh to6n cho
binh
cbng tic bum huhg tqc.
Trong tmhg h* he
so"
ti
t8c
n,
cia
born
dBng ch6o nhb hm thi dhng ch6y
b

vhng binh cbng tic sE c6 tinh chart v!t
If
gdn gidng trong
born
ly
am.
Tinh toin
thigt
kb
cinh binh cbng tic phHi dqa tren
1y
thuygt ddng tia cia
a-le.
Bb
cb niy
sE sir dung phlrmg phip tinh cinh c6a bom dbng chCo
dga
tren
co.
sb
19
thuygt cha
bm ly tam.
Nhi&m cba 19 thuygt bm chh dh
11
nghikn ch su trao
ddi
niing luqng
vi cic lqc tic dung tumg hd giila bhnh
xe

c6nh vh dbng chhy. Trong vimg b5nh
cbng tic dbng chiy c6 chuydn dong
tuy&t
d6i
kh8ng 6n dinh vi chuygn dong
b
di6m
bgt
k3
trong h& toa d0 cb dm st thay
d6i
theo chu
kp
phu
thuoc vho sl thay dBi ciia
iip
sugt
i3
cPc.rikh binh cdng tic.
Do
vdy, tac dung tuong
hd
ciia dong chiy vh h/!
thdng cPnh cPa binh cdng tic
dude
nghien cciru trong chuy&n dwg tumg ddi, cbn
dbng
chgt 116ng trong phAn bng h6t vl Bng xh m5y bum duuc xem xtt bong chuygn
d0ng tuy&t d&.
Sa

dd
chuydn dQng c6a dbng chiy trong
bum
dbng ch6o tr-inh biy
tren
h'mh
111.2.
Phumg tnnh Becnuli cho chuyin dong hrdng d6i cba tia phln
tir
chgt lbng
khbng
nkn
dugc
xAc
dinh:
Hinh
111.2.
Sa
dri'
chuy2h
dQng
clia
dortg
chdy
trong
barn
dorrg
chu'o
Trong ti& dien
1-1

c6 chuydn d0ng khbng
dn
dinh
vira
12
tu&t
dBi
vh
Nmg
dBi. Phumg tr'hh Becnuli cho doan
1
-x
Tir tam giic t6c do
(hhh
LII.3)
Ta c6
su
gia tang nang lu~g theo dbng
tia
b
doan
1.1
va
2.2:
Trong
d6:
4
v:
E,
=

-
t
-
+
Z,
Nang luqng cGa dbng chiy theo
tia
b
doan (1.1)
Y
2g
p,
v;
E,
=
-
+
-
+
2,
Nang luqng ciia dbng chhy the0 tia
&
doan
(2.2)
Y
2g
Sq
gia tang nang luqng
dun
vi

c6a dbng tiaH,
tq
If!
vdi su thay ddi mdmen tbc
d0
cfia n6 (khdng
tinh
tdn
thgt
thhy
luc).
Chuyin
kt
dbng
tia
tinh
ti&p
cho toPn
be
dbng chiy
c&n
x9c dinh
mhen
trung
binh
ciia
tbc
d0
(RV.
),

&
ti&
dien vho vh
m:
Xem
xkt
so
d8 tic dung
tumg
h6 cfia
dbng
chhy vh binh cdng
the.
Su
thay
ddi
mdmen
dong
l~qng
deii vbi dbng Bn dfi
b
binh
xe
cPnh
Q
=
cotrct,
n
=
const

tit
ti& dien 1
-
1 den
ti&
di$n
2-2
sC
12:
Hinh
111.3.
Tam
gibe
ti%
dc
trong
mcj
hmi
ddng
chi0
a)
d
c2a
vcio
b)
d
cr5a
ra
thay
ddi

mdmen
dong
luqng
trong bAnh cdng tAc M,,duqc
can
bing bbi
mdmen xoan cfia
t*c
born
M,
vl
c8c
mbmen do
ma
sat
(M,)
vh
(M,).
M,,
=MI
-M,-Mm0
(3.10)
Nghia
18,
phuong trinh ca bin c6a mly bum clnh d&n (trong d6 c6 ki6u bum
ly tam) li phudng trinh Becnuli
(2-5)
vi phuang trinh c5c mbmen dong luqng d6i
v&i dbng
8n

dinh trong m9y bom
(2-6)
vi
(2-7).
Ta c6 th& xhc djnh cct nubc
19
thuy&'tH,
vh
sq
gia
tAng
rnbrnen dong Iuqng c6a dbng chhy
b
viing bhnh cbng thc
theo biiu thiic:
Phumg trinh dm giin nhnhait the0
19
thuygt ddbg tia (phumg trinh a-le)
dude
xlc djnh vdi chc giA thigt: chlit 16ng
I9
hlhg,
s6
16 cinh
111
vb han(~,
=
m)vl teic do
g6c(a,
=

consr)dhng dd nghien ciru chuyin dong
b
dng b6nh c0ng thc
bm
ly th.
Do su t8n tai cba lu~ hohn t8c d0r
=
ZIIRV, nkn xuai hien khbng ddng d&u c6a bidu
dd t8c dO trongr~fnh banh cbng
t&.
C0t nu&
19
thuygt cia bum xic djnh
qua
trj
s6
luu hoAn t6c do
b
cira vho
(r,
)
vi cira vio
(I-,
)
b6nh cBng thc
:
RB
ring, luc nang cira binh cOng tic xu&t
hi&n
tr&n cAc

luu
hoin
teic
d0
bao
quanh
clc 19 dnh gay ra st
1H
ngu6n g6c
19
thuygt tao n&n cot Ap ciia
miiy
bm[4].
Cgn
llru
9
rhg,
cot nubc tinh theo
sd
dB chnh vB he(~,)vh
trj
sb
thi
nghi&rn
cia cot
nu&
19
thuyd(~,,)c6
sp
khPc nhau b6i h& sb hi&u chinh do

Bnh
huhg cia
st5 lugng cbanh hh han(p):
3.1.3.
Phumg
irinh
cu
h7n tinh tuan banh c6ng i2ic
mdy
bmn ddng che'u
PhAn
lh
cAc tram bum phuc
y
tudi tieu trong nbng nghiep hi&n nay d&u lap
bom
ly
tAm,
barn huhg tyc vB rnQt sd bum dbng ch6o (h0n 1~).
Bum ly tam
lhrn
vi&c dua tr&n nguy&n
I9
tic dung cha luc ly tam tao duuc nh8
bhnh cbng thc quay.
C6
th6
sir
dung chc phuong phip
ttinh

toin rniri cho bum dbng chCo, nudc
chiy v8o bhnh c8ng tic theo hudng doc
tyc
v6.i ven t6c tuyet d6iVOd&V,'.
Vdi
vgn
tdc
d6,
nu& chiy vho r5nh binh cBng thc tigp
tyc
thg
v@
t6c
dgn trj sB'5
6
cira ra.
Qua
rgnh bbanh c0ng thc, chc phAn
13
nu6c chuygn dQng phirc tap, vi ciing quay vdi
bAnh cbng tdc n&n sB c6 v+n t6c quay
U
vh
doc
theo
18
cLnh
sZ
c6
vgn t6c tuang d6i

W.
Trong didu kien thgc t&, nghia 18 vdi chuyh deng cha chgt 16ng
1y
tuhg
qua
bhnh cdng
tic vdi sb cinh
1611
vb han, c6 thd ceng hai chuy6n d0ng
thanh
chuydn
deng tuy&t d6i c6a chgt 16ng vdi van t6cY. Dung quy dao chuydn dong nhu nhau
dBi vdi cic phdn ti?. Khii niem vi$ dbng ch~t lBng
19
tuhg qua binh c0ng dc duuc
sh dung
dd
lap phuung trinh 19 thuygt ca bin cho bum ly tam. Van t8c tuyet d8i cha
nudc
ir
ci3a vh v9 trong r5nh binh cbng tacY, x8c
dinh
tir
bi6u
ddd
van t8c bing
chch cQng hinh hoc vgn t6c quayU, vB van t6c tumg
d6i
W,
.

Trong tgt cci cic bum dbng chko ty t8c cao, nudc chiy vlo binh cBng tic the0
hudng doc tvc vdi v!n t6c tuy&t d8i
v0
dgn
V,
.
V6i
v$n t& d6,
nude
chiy vio rinh
binh cBng tAc tiep &tc ting v?n t6c dgn trj s6v2b cha ra. Qua r5nh binh cbng tic,
cic phan tir nudc chuygn dong phdc tap, vi cting quay
vdi
binh c0ng tic n&n sE c6
v?n t8c quay
U
yi
doc the0 li cgnh
sE
c6
vgn t6c tumg d8i
W
. Trong di&u ki&n th~c
t&,
nghia la v6i chuygn dwg cc6a chgt 16ng 19 tuhg qua blnh c0ng tic vdi
st5
cAnh
ldn vd han, c6 th6 cong hai chuydn d0ng thinh chuyen dwg tuyet dBi cfia cha lhg
vdi v+n t6cv ::D@g quy dao chuy6n dong nh~ nhau ddi v6i cAc phsn
tir.

Kh6i
niem
v&
dbng chgt lbng 19 tuhg qua binh cBng t8c duqc sh dung dd lap phuctng trinh
19
thuygt ca bin cho burn
ly
tarn.
V+n
t6c tuyet d6i cha nudc
b
cira vho
vh
trong r2nh
bhnh cdng tic
V,
xb
dlnh
tir
bidu dB van
t6c
bhng cich cong hinh hoc van tdc quay
U, vh vgn t6c
tuong
d6i
W,
.
Van t6c tuyet d6iv2& cira ra kh6i bhnh cbng t6c
x9c
dm bang cAch cong

hinh
hoc vgn t8c quayu, vA vgn t6c tumg d6i
W2
.
D&
nudc chiy vh khu vqc canh binh c0ng tic kh6ng va, car; thigt
kg
sao cho
dbng chiy kh6ng bi giin doan. Dbng chhy sE lien tuc khdng bi giin dog khi van
t6c tumg ddi
W,
b
c~a
vio
c6 huhg gan triing duhg tigp tugen v&
M
mat phAn
tir
ddu tien cia li cinh, nghia 19, tr~ s6 g6c dat
P,
c6a la cinh
&
cha vho gAn v6i g6c tao
bbi hudng cfia
W,
vhU,. Tuung
tu,
c6
th6
xic djnh g6c det cira ra

P,
tr&n
rnep
ngoPi
binh cbng tic. C6c g6c cha hinh binh hinh v+n t6ca, vha, giita cAc v!n t6cY vW,
clng nhu
V2
VBU,
xic dm huhg cfia dbng chAy
b
cira v9o vi cira ra.
Sir dung
dm
lust
thay d8i mbmen d6ng luqg d6i vdi dbng
8n
dinh c6a
khBi
chgt lbng chhy qua
r5nh
bhnh c0ng t5c d& l+p phumg trinh ca ban cho born ly tam.
Nghia
la,
c8n darn bHo cb di&u ki&n
giH
thid: s6 c6nh bhh cbng tb nhih
vB han va m6ng vb cbng, chgt llbng
19
tuhg (khbng
nh6t).

GiA
sir
c6 1uqg nudc chira ddy trong kho6ng khbng gian giila hai
li
cinh
binh
cBng tic,
b
thbi didm ban ddu v/ tri ciia
kh6i
nudc
b
abcd, qua khohg thai
gian dt vi tri 66 thay ddi thhh efhg. Dat
kh6i
luqg
c6a
16p
nudc m6ng vb chng
abfe
chly tir rhh binh cbng tic ra
11
dm.
KhB'i luwg d6
sE
bang khdi luqng chgt
16ng cdgh chAy vio bAnh cbng tac trong thbi gian
dt.
t)
viing abhg gi3a hai

lii
ciurh bainh cbng tic c6 m0men kh6i luwg chuyen
dong khbng thay dbi trong
thiri
gian
dt.
Nghia
18,
sg
thay dbi mbmen kh6i lugng
chuydn
dong
cha chiit lbng
ir
r2nh banh cbng taic cdgh vh kh6i lugng dm chAy ra
khbi
biinh cbng tAc (abfe).
Su
thay ddi cia mbmen khdi luqng chuy&n dong bhg xung mbmen cda
th
cA ngoai Iuc tac dgng vio chst 116ng nam
b
giOa hai
1A
ciinh Mnh cbng tAc trong thbi
gian
dt.
Mbm& ngoai luc
M
c6 the vigt theo cbng thirc toin hoc:

dm
M=-
(r,~,
cosa,
-r,~,
COSU,)
dl
Trong tnrbng hqp miy
burn
ly tgm lam viec khbng c6 tdn
thai
thi cdng sul
tr&n tvc sS truyh toh bo cho dbng chhy:
N
=
SH,,
Trong d6:
Y
-
Trong luqng rieng cua chgt l6ng
CBng
su%t
do
bang tich cllra momen tr&n t~c dong
cu
vB v@ t6c g6co cfia
bAnh cBng thc:
Tf
s6
dm/dt

tinh cho ci cPc rkh binh cOng tic
se
lB luu lugng kh6ng
ddi
cia
kh6i chi% lbng qua binh cbng tic trong don
vj
th&i gian:
Tir phuong tr'mh:
a
MU
=
-
o(r,
V,
cos
a,
-
r,
V,
cos
a,
)
(3.18)
g