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#%=>?
#D =>?H9?`ZW^
#I =>?H9?`<bC<D
##H9?`<;OF?`bTJI
#+cTa9]9_K?H9?`I
%'()*+,,-.*+/01*23+,90,*:4*+;*'777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777<=
Dd9>OVe9C9#
DDFf9OVRg:hKe9+
DI =<=>?OVe9C99EB:;0
D#89:;WiW^?KO>e9C99jB:;7
D#kOCK9C9L
D#DkABE?H9L
D#IlR>e9L
D##.?C9NQW;Od[=9B?`L
%'()*+,,,-%>%'0?4>*+,90,*:4*+;*'7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777@A
Id9>DI
ID =Wi9NKe9C99EBD#
II]<=Xe99EBWm9nOdB?FD0
I# =9H99E=e99EBD7
I#e99EB9eMD7
I#i9AF9E=D7
I#D =<=>?@ABDL
I#I =<o9H9e99EB9eMID
I#De99EB?FOFBWeMp=?#I
I#D.WeMp=?##
I#DD.q@EiAr7A9?F#+
I#Ie99EBsEREt0A9?Fu#4
I##.9mEREtD#A9?Fu#7
I+%_9[B9]>?OFW==#L
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#C9NQRF?O>+
#DCX9]>9H99E=+
#IZOF9]>N@9+
#I_9<_A8?`bOFB?`+D
#ID_9<_N@9e9OFEBOF9=99vB+#
#IDe9C9OFEB+#
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ABE989k<kTaGW^CA;?89OABFEWb9NQ9„9}
W_O>RF?:EW^9FR>F<CAg:hWZGJWB?ABEAk?H99<C
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 !"#$%&
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8M=99^<CvTŒW_U9EWZ9C9<Cv
9RjG=9C9WJqWNxWB?ABE9EF\?9;9e9b9^
9Nd:]9eCW^W=nMG‰N:hWZ9C9
kTaNG?;9EWZ9VOdˆFMB:hTa9|9kTa
OF>9;?W^9]>ETgGAˆQB:hETg<C
9EFGNQTAg?e9:;9F<EBOF?`P(99=RFe9Rd?89
OkTa<=N<9V?899C99;?H99vkMKW_@[†
[ˆ:]G’9C9F<CWNxWB?ABE9;9GW^pB9
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H[B‰9H9<CRNQ
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9C9
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<SOFWNxABEO>A\=@[FkN9C9†WNxABEO>
•M9E?89:;R•O]e9Wg ’G9C9OVƒ:@K=
A89A=E:‡WNxWB?ABE†eM9j[BRS9?dWNxA_9GOFWB?

ABE9C9WNxAk?H99>9W;OF<CWNx9VW_Ae9<“
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r?WB?ABE9C9Ak?H9G;pm?98?OF<CAg:hWZ ’
T9Nbj?ME<j?MEAg…9bW`Agpm?98?
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9O_99je?V?A}[Te?_?89NQ<CA_9?H9?`
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RF?C9NQ?GWˆRF?C9NQTpˆ?HMe9GWƒ9QTXR>
TpB:];e9>M=MABEO>TMU?V?OvW=MWNx=
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9NQ?
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9E=?`bGT?899C9<=RF?OqABEO>Ei<_9xMB
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:hTaTXR>WMN@9>NBGTEGOTmEG•W^RF?RdMOq
A}E9C9e9EWbGWƒ9Q<_9xMOdXMN@M=M?`
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9AF9EA=E=EF
<7A7 UaYb"!"^!\`cd\
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BEO>9EF9C9TXR>RF?89KWV<bW==WNxN9_
FERF9;NGbOFEe9V_9;N<9_GW8M9MK>
9;G?aWk:hTa9C9G•89>9;WNxeMHRFWB?ABE

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9•aWkKme9C9RFRF?ETXR>9\Rj<C9^
m9e9eVWbb•RFW;MN@<CH9e:]
9ƒ9KTXR>W`WNx„TbRnm;n9H9•
9HOFE?C9NQbeTXR>
‹<o9H9e9ƒ?
s H99E=e9
s 8B?`9C9
H99E=e9WNxTW^e9C9OFE?89MN@
9>?Ar=:hTa?89<bAk?H9WNxTA\NQ?`
OFNQB?`GO>B?`9C9†b9^9]>WNx<b<E=
8B?`9jMN@9>?W`TXR>OF9BR9CW>M•9E
b
Hình 2.1. Lược đồ chung cho giấu thông tin
O‡9jA^T[=9e9@ABPN@9>
AEƒ?=W;9NxWNxTRF??C9NQW^e9N9mp9GTEG
OTmEGB•G9C9eRF?aWkKNQ:hTaC9eRF
 
(#

 !"#$%&
?89RNx9C9??89S•FEWbNBGREEGWEOAB•
998OFE?aWkKNQ:hTaC9:‡WNxeOFE9E
MN@9>Q?89A8„GA8„RFXN@9G9^
<=9H99E=W^e9OFWNx9]>Od?89<bAk?H9;
N=>?`ZW^<e999WNxMN@9>MN@
9>AB9W`eOFMˆM;:hTa9j?<HWNx
W;9NxMN@9>be9C9G[=9B?`WNx9]>9C
[?89A8B?`9N@OdA8„9C9Od<bK[=
9„%_9[B9WNxƒ?MN@9>;OF9C9W`e

Nd9_M9mE9C9e:‡WNxphRS<^?Wg:E:=Od9C9
eAWU
b?RGe9C9RF>9H9OF<E}K9V9CAj
9E?899V9CG?aWkKAK((RFmeX9C
A=EAj9EX9CA=E<=?F<CRF?BN\W=<^W_
9CA=EF—OFAr?89=9FEWb:EENQ<Cb9•?
[V<C9^M=9>Ei<C9^M=l„
@7@7 2"h!gdiZjeb
%o9H9e9C9r??aWkWB?ABE9EFOFABE?H9
9C9•F\<k89RFABE?H9EXR>WNxWm?eG
RFABE?H9EkW;9NxWNxTW^e9<k<=
FTŒW_<Nd<o9H9K_Ke9%
Nd9e9RFe9?H9LAK((M*%NdF9HM9
OFE=<o9H9e9:EE9C9eWNxVOF[9}RF
NQ<=<bM=9>WNx?89W;9NxbAge9Aj9E
<C%Nd9RF9lOˆ:;LN(K(M*%Nd
9lOˆ:;W=TeOFEW;9Nxr?<’WgAB[V:\X
M=9>pj99C9lOˆ:;b?VTaRd@jWNx
[9ˆ?jV@OF9]9_W`bVX<o9H9TFE
<NdF
vOK((An9ƒ9v,MOFWNx:hTaE9dF
Gbb•RF9FR>WNxMKL%KKNM =ˆ><^OV
<o9H9e9C9WNx9V[V9_> bR‡XfM:d?
e9OV<o9H9e9C9t9C9WNx^9mE•j9KK
bu98OV:hs,MFKA%AE„s,MFA(KAAgO
P(AAn9X\OA(OFE9_<l9?9Nd CjGC9W`h
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?899CA=EAk?H9EE^K?RF>A((A\H7KAFA(KA
W`E9}WUK?89CR>9HOFp??899CA=E9jTWUK
NQCR>e%9bKNQCR>F?}WKTFNQCR>WNxh
9dH7KA
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9]9C9NQ%Ag@bGX9?]<C9eF9\j
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WˆN9E9Q_9_d((
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.<_9[BFk9F<bˆQOV:]9ƒ9K9C9
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9C99EB9b?9j,46GJ9ETERF
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• Thông tin nhúng: ,FRNx9C9WNx„OFE9EB?C
9NQ
• Phương tiện nhúng:,F?89W;9NxWMN@9>NBGTE
OTmEW`b9C9„
• Tính không nhìn thấy:RF?899EAjUKAe9<“?89>e
9FEk<C9eRF9ke9OCK9C9„
9EMN@9>„
• Tính mạnh mẽ: ,FjU9K?89>e9k??‡RF
bW_<BgWNx=9E9=A_WZFEWb9jMN@9>
„OF=89eCbKWk
• Khả năng nhúng: ,FjU9AK?89>e9%B

„kRF:;RNx9C9„WNx„9EMN@9>

• Nhiễu: ,F MN@ 9> „pe9  >XWiW^? R  :EOd
MN@9>AWU
 
(4

 !"#$%&
• Thuỷ vân số:,F?89<o9H9e=9lOˆOFE9EMN@9>
G<o9H9<CjUOV9k<C9eK9C9
„
bV=W^MˆRE=<o9H9e9C99EB:;GT]
9jR•O]=M! =<o9H9NQ9<o9H9e99EB
9FREN(K(OF(K
• Watermarking RF<o9H9„?89A^9NxGJ}RF9lOˆ
tN(K(uOFE9EB?C9NQW^p=Wg[V:\XB
?C9NQ%k9NdKA^9Nx9NQqt9vOFA9W_OF
A9u%o9H9FEMfMWB?ABEjO•A^9Nx<
B?C9NQAgA_WZA\=MfM9E9=NR}tV7KuGf
?e9TXR>t7AAKAAuG=A_WZ}GjG
O>WB?ABEjO•A^9Nx<C<^W_<b:]9eC
T]9jO>^•9H99E=OFbA8B?`9E9
• Image hiding RF<o9H9T?89B?C9NQW^RN9XOF
^E=TXR>[9}Od<k9Nd9N@W;Rd?89
=9EFaWkKB(KRFRF?ETXR>9\j
<C[:=9WNxW;Od9g=KENQ
@7=7 #YZ[akaeb!\`lZ[
>e9C99EBRF<o9H9J9N@W;?dOFW
bpNdM=99^e9
89<o9H9e99EBWNxW==T]9j?89:;WiW^?

:
s kOCK9C9WNxe9EB
s ;RNx9C9WNxe
s k9EFOFABE?H9K9C9
 
(7

 !"#$%&
s e9RNxKB:<e9C9Aj9E
-*D*)* "%,2(,
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C9„RF<C9=WNx_?89NQOd9g=RFA
9NQ<CMˆA>9WNxB?C9NQOFB<_9[BE<(K
jU9kOCK9C9e\?W8E9N(K(
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W^ABEO>AB[V
-*D*-* ".
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„<CAg9?<Ag9eC?89=bKWk9j@:\X
^A_9WUWKOV9H99E=„9OFbA8B?`t9v<E=Ak?H9uG@
XJbWNxBb?9C9tB<_9[Bu;OdB (K
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9EBWm9n<k9Nd?™GW8M9MOŒJRj9dD?™MfM
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YNAOF=Ta9jYNA9v%KAIY9\Rj
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s 9?MmTm
s PRm99m?F
s 9?M9
=e9„a9^KB9?M
s 9?MmTm
9m9 &• =9g
sD HTV7K œ•L447
Is0 %k9NdV7K %^RE9EAE
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s# 9mAn9WUOTXR> [VVAKKA9mAn9WUO
TXR>
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D4sD7 ;37(KA?F ;WgRF
DLsIY ;A9E?89MpmR b9^RFG#G7G0GD#9“
9mEREB
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f7K7A9:žK7
Df7K#A9:žK7
I+sI7 %k9NdB kArA9m
ILs#D 8MˆB kArK7žKK
#Is#0 8MˆBT} kArK7\KK
#4s+Y ;?F:hTa9EB
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^9gB
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
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A9?F?dbMRm99m?F
s 9?M9PUFr?:MU(7KK?FKBP
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WNxRN9vTNdRj9jG=W^?BWNxRN9X9vTNdRj9j
9v9=:MB=9gK?‹W^?BRF?89†:;9q9dMU
9h?F9N@KPRm99m?F
FMU9 E9Ke9„Z(FK(K EA_9:;A9TF

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=9g:
s =9g?MRFBWm9nG?‹A9A^T?89W^?B
_A9?=9gY9W^?BRFW^?WmGA9?=9g
W^?BRFW^?B9n
s =9g#9?MRFB0?FG?‹W^?BWNxA^TA\#
A9
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9E=N@9TaG=MU?V?G>9;e99EW
MN@9>A\RNx9C9WNx9EWZArBRFe9RdOF@X
e9C99EB‰WbO9J_9:[9}9E=U_9
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99C9GABEO>AB[V9=BGWV<^9HMGe9C9
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9WZOF’A_9WNxWr:BWb?X9C9bS
•FFG<B:;W`WNx:hTae9MZA_G9e9C9
9EBW`Wm?RVXTa[9}9j=R•O]9E
WQ:;p`8kTaNW;Od=NdM=99^GX<k9W`WNx:;
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99EBC9eRF:;9|œDI#+047L•9Od:;W`WNx•\
9j9|MkTNdB
F/*)*H^_ B$B4#A`!,
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PU?V?YYKHOV‰EMfMNQTRN9X
X<k9EBgMˆƒnOFEOg9kFEWb9EwRmOABW^WB?
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 !"#$%&
ABE9k9EFK9C9FR>:WbWNx9V9]9_M[?=
V(EiRN9V9j?mEWbGO>H9]X<kGp=9]9C
9W`9\9F?89OeWV]<[9}<?FO>nM9C9

pj99C9A\=99iW9\9F?89OeW;OdAe9<
[;FEG9ZFEj?OFEWbGRbe9VRE9C9[
9}UWNxABE?H9NX9C9OVG9C9OVABE^?
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>9;?=9k9j? „e9TAgRenMOFAg9WZA\=
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9W`9\jOC[9}GeM9_9
89WiW^?Ke9C99EBXWbRF9C9WNxe
?89=OCbNRF=9V9C9?H9E?FNQ<=
<C9^A_9WNxGA\:<e9C99e9RNxBUN
<C9WZWiA>9W;OdB?UBWeMp=?UWˆA=Ek
W`WN9OaO>FsLˆeW8Nd•OF9EF9_dk9j
9?<KA;[;9_ [A((Zb(PK W`T=9e9C9
9EBW^RjROdWƒA}GOFnW`[?i9WNxa9A=E9
N@o (OF=@[[;9_ nn:OaO>FG9
O>j=OeWVRj[W_e9C99EB:‡e9WNx
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C>9C9OFEC9=ABE?H9WV99;9>M9}MZ9C
9EO>j?MEGWbTeWV9W^^[9mEWNQANW>
E?aFWVHM9d?89<o9H9W@BW=9HW^e
X9C9[9}FE?89BWm9ntBgMˆuAr=:h
Ta<E=Ak?H9OF?89?9H9}:;PN@M=MFWNx?
RFbW89EFEGWB?ABEe9RNxB;OFb9†R>X<k9Nd
9C9 eWNxOd<k9NdB?C9NQ9N@W;:EOd=
MN@M=M<=OFEMfMeWNx9dŸ
D
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<;BWb
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NW`b\9j„9C99EBb<=>?<=
WbRF9lOˆ:;t(7N(K(uOFe9C99EBt((
uE<9lMˆ:;<CjU9C9eMBOCOF
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gWNx=9E9=A_WZ9jB9e9C99EBjU=
9C9eMB•<CAgM=9>OF<C9]>WNxMfM9E
9=FE9jBMN@M=MFbXWiW^?<=G=
9]><=N9EA=E=EFRFe99EBj†WV
HM9d=Wi9NkKe9C99EB
s J_]\bmcd\n
XR>;\WˆRFTXR>KB9•GTW`e9C9OFE9E
BN9<9pm?BAr9g=TXR>BWNx9=9•
•RFB<C9WZ9mE9Q<9=GWVF<=OdW
MN@9>(%KO<99==TXR>MN@9>;
RFBˆ?99TXR>;:‡9WZRj9aOd9=KE
NQ9mE=WE=AFG=B]<=A>9FBN\Rd
W;Od=<o9H9e99E(%K;Ode9C99E
BMN@M=MeOF<o9H9eMa98OFEWiW^?9g=KE
NQOkTaNW8:=9;G_9;<EB=9Eq
s +aYdlcd\_`bao
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=MfM9E=9]>CO>e9:‡WNx9]>9jTXR>
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B%e9C9G=MN@M=MWVA_WZ=9gK=A99E
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