Tóm tắt la đỗ quang ta

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE
VIET NAM INSTITUTE OF STRATEGY AND POLICY FOR INDUSTRY AND TRADE

DO QUANG

SOLUTIONS FOR SHIFTING THE STRUCTURE
OF VIETNAMESE EXPORT COMMODITIES
TO RUSSIAN FEDERATION

SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS ECONOMICS

Sector:

Commerce

Code :

9.34.01.21

Hanoi - 2023


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THE PROJECT WAS COMPLETED AT
VIET NAM INSTITUTE OF STRATEGY AND POLICY FOR INDUSTRY AND TRADE

Science instructor: 1. Assoc Prof. Dr. Dinh Van Thanh
2. Assoc Prof. Dr. Nguyen An Ha
Reviewer 1:
Reviewer 2:

Reviewer 3:

The dissertation will be defended before the Institute-level State
board of dissertation thesis
On:

date

month year 2022

Thesis dissertation can be found at:
- National Library of Hanoi
- Library of Vietnam Institute of strategy and policy for industry and
trade

Hanoi - 2023


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PREAMBLE
1. The research necessity of the thesis topic
Vietnam has been going to deeply integrate into the world
economy to expand markets and to promote import and export in order to
exploit Vietnam’s advantages in trade relations with other countries. The
process will inevitably lead to shifting of Vietnam’s export commodities to
adapt to the change of the world market.
Vietnam

and the Russian

Federation established official

diplomatic relations on January 30, 1950. An important milestone for the
development of economic and trade cooperation relations between the two
countries was the signing of the Declaration on the Strategic Partnership
between the Russian Federation and Vietnam in 2001. May 29, 2015. The
Free Trade Agreement officially signed between Vietnam and the Eurasian
Economic Union (VN-EAEU FTA) in general and the Russian Federation
in particular has opened up more opportunities for Vietnamese goods to
penetrate market of the Russian Federation. The two sides consider
economic cooperation an important pillar of the comprehensive strategic
partnership, will endeavor to expand cooperation on the basis of mutual
benefits, determined to create favorable conditions.
With a population of over 140 million people, Russian Federation
is a large market with great potential for Vietnam to boost exports and
promote its comparative advantages. This is also the traditional market of
Vietnam, with a community of overseas Vietnamese living in, so there are
many advantages when bringing Vietnamese commodities to the market.
However, statistics in 2021 show that the two-way trade turnover between
Vietnam and Russian Federation only reached 5.51 billion USD,
accounting for 0.82% of Vietnam’s total trade turnover in which export
turnover reached 3.20 billion USD, ranked 26 th among the export markets
of Vietnam’s commodities. In addition, the structure of export


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commodities of Vietnam to Russian Federation for many years is still in
disproportion

The world economic context is ongoing rapidly evolved and
changed while Vietnam is implementing new generation FTAs with many
different partners. Shifting the structure of export commodities to boost
exports to the Russian Federation market will create many opportunities
and conditions for trade development and increase exports with the
remaining 4 countries in the Eurasian Economic Union, of which the
Russian Federation is a member, plays a very important role in connecting
and developing. Therefore, it is necessary to change and shift the structure
of exports to the Russian Federation market. In particular, it is necessary to
study to find solutions from the State in the orientation of restructuring
export goods to ensure scientific, systematic, comprehensive and feasible...
From the above reasons, it is necessary to study the topic
“Solutions for shifting the structure of Vietnam export commodities to
Russian Federation” and find out the orientation and solutions for shifting
the structure of Vietnamese export commodities is necessary, creating a
strong move to develop the export of Vietnam’s commodities to the
market.
2. Objectives and tasks of the thesis
2.1. Objectives
To explain and supplement the theoretical issues of shifting the
structure of Vietnam export commodities to analyze and evaluate the
reality of shifting the structure of Vietnam export commodities to Russian
Federation and propose solutions in order to shift the structure of export
commodities to Russian Federation by 2030.
2.2. Research tasks
- Conducting an overview of the relevant research situation to find
out the theoretical and practical gaps that need further research of the
thesis.

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- Systematizing, supplementing and establishing a number of key
theoretical bases and international experiences on solutions for shifting the
structure of Vietnamese export commodities to Russian Federation.
- Analyzing and evaluating the reality of the structure’s shift of
Vietnamese export commodities to Russian Federation in the period 20162021; finding out the results, shortcomings and causes as a practical basis
for the proposal solutions.
- Giving the context, proposed orientations and solutions with
theoretical and practical bases to shift the structure of Vietnam’s export
commodities to Russian Federation by 2030.
3. The object and scope of the thesis
3.1. The object of the thesis
The object of the research is the theoretical and practical issues of
the structure’s shift of Vietnamese export commodities to Russian
Federation.
3.2. Research scope of the thesis
- Regarding to the research content: Researching solutions to shift
the structure of Vietnamese export commodities to Russian Federation by
main implementing entities, which are the State, enterprises and
associations.
- Regarding to the research space: Researching the structure’s shift
of Vietnamese export commodities to Russian Federation.
- Regarding to the research time: Researching the reality of
shifting the structure of Vietnamese export commodities to Russian
Federation

in

the

period

2016-2021,

developing

solutions

and

recommendations by 2030.
4. Research Methodology
- Dialectical materialism method; Historical and logical method;
Methods of classification and systematization of the theory; Statistical and
comparative methods; Expert interview.


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5. New findings of the thesis
- In theoretical terms: The thesis has researched and
supplemented a number of theoretical issues on the structure’s shift of
export commodities of one country to a foreign market; Setting theoretical
framework of the concept; identify the main contents and evaluation
criteria, factors affecting the structure’s shift of exports, in relation to
signed FTAs. The thesis has reviewed international experience and drawn
some lessons that can be applied and lessons to be avoided for Vietnam.
- In practical terms: The thesis has synthesized, analyzed and
evaluated the reality of structure’s shift of Vietnamese export commodities

from the State and enterprises. On the basis of the new context, the thesis
has proposed some solutions to shift the structure of Vietnamese export
commodities to Russian Federation by 03 parties: the State, enterprises and
industry associations effectively shift the structure of Vietnam’s export
commodities to Russian Federation.
6. Structure of Thesis
Excerpt for the Introduction, Conclusion, References, List of
research works of the author and Appendix, the main content of the thesis
is organized into 04 chapters as follows: Chapter 1: Overview of research
works related to the thesis topic; Chapter 2: Main theoretical basis and
international experience on shifting structure of export commodities of
country to foreign market; Chapter 3: The reality of structure’s shift of
Vietnamese export commodities to Russian Federation in the period of
2016-2021; Chapter 4: Context, orientation and solutions for shifting the
structure of Vietnamese export commodities to Russian Federation.


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CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO
THE THESIS TOPIC
1.1. Overview of research works
1.1.1. Research works related to international trade development
The theoretical basis of international trade development, which includes
the content of structure’s shift of export commodities, is mentioned in many
economic theories such as mercantilism, absolute advantage of Adam Smith,
and comparative advantage of David Ricardo, the theory the fator-endowment is
also known as the Heckscher - Ohlin theory.
The theory of national competitive advantage (Michael Porter (1990),
which explains why some countries take the lead in the production of certain

products
1.1.2. Research works related to the export of commodity to Russian
Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union Area
In trade relations between countries with Russian Federation, Do Minh
Hanh (1998), Trinh Thi Thanh Thuy (2007); In terms of formulating strategies
and policies for international trade development, (Dinh Van Thanh, 2010);
Approaching from the perspective of international trade policy of Russian
Federation and the possibility of developing trade relations between Vietnam
and Russian Federation (Dang Hung Son, 2012); Research on the impact of the
free trade agreement of Vietnam - Eurasian Economic Union on trade between
Vietnam and Russia, Bui Quy Thuan (2021)
1.1.3. Research works related to structure’s shift export commodities
Economic restructuring to develop Vietnam’s exports in line with the
changing trend of the world market for commodities and services, Nguyen Van
Nam (2002), Nguyen Huu Khai (2006) Studying the experience on structure’s
shift export commodities to foreign markets, Nguyen Huu Khai, Dao Ngoc
Tien, Vu Thi Hien (2007), Balkay Diána (2012), Nay Myo Aung (2009), Selvon
Hazel (2013), Ana Popa (2015). Current empirical studies on export channel
selection (Li, Min, 2017), Le Tuan Loc (2015), Nong Ngoc Hung (2017);


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Solution to shift the structure of Vietnamese export commodities to one market
(Dang Thanh Phuong, 2018), (Pham Nguyen Minh, 2018), (Nguyen Phuc Nam,
2021)
1.2. Comment on research gaps in theory and practice
1.2.1. Results and unresolved issues in published studies
Analyzing some concepts that the thesis can use such as: the concept of
export, shifting export commodities, trade liberalization, international economic

integration, ... ; Analyzing and giving some policy implications; certain
solutions to shift Vietnam’s exports in general, including the Russian market.
These assessments are important data that can be inherited and developed in the
thesis.
1.2.2. Issues that need further research in the thesis (thesis research
gap)
Firstly, studying and supplementing some theoretical issues such as
clarifying the concepts and factors affecting structure’s shift of

export

commodities, especially for Russian Federation in relation to exports. with
regional FTAs.
Secondly, synthesizing and analyzing the reality of Vietnamese exports
to Russian Federation and structure’s shift of Vietnamese export commodities to
Russian Federation on the sides of the State and enterprises.
Thirdly, providing domestic and international contexts, perspectives
and directions for shifting the structure of Vietnamese export commodities to
Russian Federation. These requirements are considered as guiding ideas
throughout thesis conducting process.
Finally, proposing a number of solutions and recommendations for
shifting the structure of Vietnamese export commodities to Russian Federation
by 03 parties: the State, enterprises and industry associations, especially
solutions on the State side in export management and orientation are feasible
and highly synchronous.


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CHAPTER 2: MAIN THEORETICAL BASIS AND
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE ON SHIFTING STRUCTURE

OF EXPORT COMMODITIES OF COUNTRY TO FOREIGN
MARKET
2.1. The concept and content of structure’s shift of export
commodities
2.1.1 The concept of structure’s shift of export commodities
- Export of commodities
“Export of commodities means the bringing of commodities out of the
territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam or into special zones in the
Vietnamese territory, which are regarded as exclusive customs zones according
to the provisions of law” (Clause 1, Article 28, Commercial Law 2005).
- Structure of export
Structure of export is the totality of components of export commodities
that make up the total export turnover of a country in stable and developing
relationship and in a certain socio-economic conditions corresponding in a
definite period. Structure of export is the result of the process of creating wealth
of an economy through international trade activities with a certain level of
development of a country when participating in the process of international labor
allocation.
- Structure of export commodities
“Structure of export commodities is the entire of groups of export
commodities in the total export turnover with their respective positions,
proportions and relatively stable relationships” (Nguyen Huu Khai, 2007).
- Structure’s shift of export commodities
Structure’s shift of export commodities is the process of changing the
quantity, proportion, value and relationship between the components in the
structure of commodities. These bring the structure’s shift of export
commodities from one state to another to achieve a more optimal export
structure, in line with the economic development process.

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2.1.2. The content of structure’s shift of export commodities
- Shift among export commodity groups: is the shift in the structure of
exports among export commodity groups of a country to a market which is the
process of changing in position, proportion and the quality of the product groups
in the direction of being more adaptive to the needs of the export market, while
promoting the comparative advantages of each group of commodities, creating a
reasonable export structure and meeting the export objectives.
- Shift in each export commodity group: the gradual decrease in the
proportion of raw and semi-processed commodities, and the gradual increase in
the proportion of processing and manufacturing commodities in each export
commodity group.
2.1.3. The role of parties in shifting the structure of export
commodities
2.1.3.1. The role of the State
The role of the State consists of: (1) Orientating to develop commodity
production for shifting the structure of export commodities; (2) Support
enterprises for shifting the structure of export commodities; (3 Ensuring
information to support enterprises for shifting the structure of export
commodities products; (4) Ensuring a business environment for enterprises for
shifting the structure of export commodities; (5) Coordinating for export
development.
2.1.3.2. The role of enterprises
The role of enterprises consists of: (1) Playing a central role in
restructuring exports; (2) Being economic organizations performing the role of
producing commodities for export, ensuring the stability of export-import
growth; (3) Contributing to improving the quality and added value of export
commodities
2.1.3.3. The role of industry associations

The role of associations consists of: (1) Acting as a bridge between the
State and the market in shifting the structure of export commodities; (2)


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Representing, conducting the right of supervision; (3) Representing for
enterprises in the process of negotiating and signing FTA and other agreements;
providing services to association’s members.
2.2. Affecting factors and criteria for assessing the structure’s shift
of export commodities
2.2.1. Affecting factors on shifting the structure of export
commodities

There are three groups of factors affecting the structure’s shift of
export commodities: (1) International factors; (2) Country factors; (3)
Competitiveness of enterprises and products.
2.2.2. Criteria for assessing the restructuring of exports
Index of assessing the ability to export commodities; The degree of
shifting the structure of export commodities by scale and growth rate; The
degree of shifting the structure of export commodities by quality and added
value
2.3. Experience on shifting the structure of export commodities of
some countries and lessons for Vietnam
2.3.1. Experience on shifting the structure of export commodities
The thesis has learned the experience of The structure’s shift of export
commodities of Belarus, Malaysia and Thailand and drawn some lessons for the
State and enterprises in restructuring export goods to the Russia Federation.
CHAPTER 3: THE REALITY OF STRUCTURE’S SHIFT OF
VIETNAM’S EXPORT COMMODITIES TO RUSSIAN FEDERATION

IN THE PERIOD OF 2016-2021
3.1. Overview of Russian Federation
3.1.1. Market characteristics of Russian Federation
The economy of Russian Federation has increased steadily for the
period of 2000 -2020. Gross domestic product (GDP) rose steadily, foreign
exchange reserves increased with a trade surplus. The inflation rate is under


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controlled, and the currency is stable. Tax reform is progressing well and
initially achieved positive results. The legal framework is being completed. As
of the end of 2021, Russian Federation is the 11th largest economy in the world
with a GDP of US$ 4.8 trillion, with a per capita income of US$ 11,590.
3.1.2. Trade relations between Vietnam and Russian Federation
Russian Federation established official diplomatic relations with
Vietnam on January 30, 1950.VN - EAEU FTA was officially signed on May
29, 2015 and took effect from October 5, 2016. Comprehensive strategic
partnership, the highest relationship framework of Vietnam on July 27, 2012. In
November 2021, the heads of state of the two countries issued a “Joint Statement
on the Vision of the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between Vietnam and
Russian Federation to 2030”.
Table 3. 1. Export - import turnover and trade balance between Vietnam
and Russia in the period 2010-2021
Export
Year Turnover
(Mil.
USD)

Total trade

Import

Growth
rate (%)

Balance
(Mil. USD)

Turnover Growt
(Mil.

h rate

USD)

(%)

Turnove
r
(Mil.
USD)

Growt
h rate
(%)

2010

829.70

-

999.10

-

1828.80

-

-169.40

2011

1287.32

55.16

694.01

-30.54

1981.34

8.34

593.31

2012

1617.85

25.68

829.37

19.50

2447.22 23.51

788.48

2013

1921.17

18.75

855.13

3.11

2776.29 13.45

1066.04

2014

1724.91

-10.22

826.71

-3.32

2015

1438.34

-16.61

741.78

2016

1616.09

12.36

2017

2165.65

34.01

2551.62

-8.09

898.20

-10.27

2180.12 -14.56

696.55

1136.83

53.26

2752.92 26.27

479.25

1392.33

22.47

3557.98 29.24

773.32


13

2018

2446.40

12.96

2131.10

53.06

4577.50 28.65

315.30

2019

2667.59

9.04

1835.11

-13.89

4502.71

-1.63

832.48

2020

2849.20

6.81

2065.50

12.55

4914.70

9.15

783.70

2021

4893.32

71.74

2238.52

8.38

7131.84 45.11

2654.81

Source: UN Comtrade, 2022
3.1.3. Regulations on the import of commodities of Russian

Federation
Regulations on the import of commodities of Russian Federation
include: (1) Procedures for import commodities; (2) The field of transportation,
logistics and paymen; (3) Tariffs on commodities imported into Russian
Federation.
3.2. The reality of structure’s shift of Vietnam’s exports to Russian
Federation
3.2.1. Results of structure’s shift of export commodities by size and
growth rate
Exports of Vietnam’s commodities to Russian Federation are mainly
02 large groups of commodities: Raw or processing commodities (SITC 0-4)
and manufacturing commodities (SITC 5-8), accounting for over 99% in the
total exports. The group of non-classified commodities (SITC 9) accounts for a
very small proportion, less than 0.1%, so it is not significant in the analysis of the
export structure to the Russian market.


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Figure 3. 1. The trend of structure’s shift of export commodities to Russian
Federation among commodity groups
Source: UN Comtrade, 2022
Above figure shows the trend of structure’s shift of export commodities
to Russian Federation among commodity groups in 2010, 2016 and 2021. The
annual growth rate of the group tends to increase, reaching 16.54% in 2016, and
28 0.02% in 2021. The proportion of raw or processing commodities (groups 04) tends to decrease over the years to 45.14%, 23.50% and 18.27%, respectively.
For the group of manufacturing commodities (groups 5-8), the annual
growth rate of this commodity group has decreased gradually over the years
11.13 % in 2016, and 9.46% in 2021. The group has an increasing trend in
Vietnam’s commodity exports to Russian Federation, increasing by 54.86%,

76.50% and 81.73% respectively.
(1) Structure’s shift of raw or processing commodities from Vietnam
to Russian Federation

Figure 3.2. The trend of structure’s shift of raw or processing commodities
to Russian Federation
Source: UN Comtrade, 2022


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Figure 3.2 shows the trend of trend of structure’s shift of raw or
processing commodities (SITC group 0-4) to Russian Federation over the years
2010, 2016 and 2021.

Figure 3.3. The trend of structure’s shift of manufacturing commodities to
Russian Federation
Source: UN Comtrade, 2022
3.2.2. Structure’s shift of Vietnam’s export commodities to Russian
Federation by international trade indicators
- Structure’s shift in groups of raw or processing commodities by The
revealed comparative advantage
The revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index of raw or
processing commodities exported from Vietnam to Russian Federation in the
period of 2016-2021 tends to increase from 2.08 in 2016 to 5.21 in 2021.
However, the group’s RCA index products on the market of Russian Federation
change frequently and tend to decrease quite strongly. However, it tends to
increase quite rapidly in 2019, 2020 and 2021.
Table 3. 2. RCA index of certain countries which export raw or processing
commodities to Russian Federation in the period of 2016 - 2021

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021


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India

12.56

12.95

12.40

12.50

12.32

12.47

Pakistan
Thailand

36.54
4.45

38.79
4.25

37.39
7.44

37.49
7.65

37.45
7.49

Vietnam

1.56

1.22

3.12

5.37

37.21
7.23

5.19

China
Malaysia

0.003

0.007

0.05

0.07

0.07

0.021

0.04

0.02

0.04

0.06
0.03

5.21
0.03

Source: Compiled by the author from UN Comtrade data

Vietnam’s RCA of raw or processing commodities tends to increase
from 2016 to 2021, especially in 2021 with an RCA of 5.21.
Table 3. 3. RCA of some countries which export manufacturing
commodities to Russian Federation in the period of 2016 – 2021
2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

India

18.74

19.92

21.9

21.68

20.98

19.14

Thailand

17.97

18.4

18.25

29.28

28.76

22.61

Malaysia

6.64

6.58

6.51

7.19

7.87

8.22

16.61

6.69

7.61

4.62

5.65

7.73

Vietnam

Source: Compiled by the author from UN Comtrade data
- Structure’s shift of export commodities by the trade intensity index
Vietnam’s exports to Russian Federation are increasingly weaker. This
shows that Vietnam is increasingly losing its role as an important partner of
Russian Federation, even to the lowest level compared to all other countries.
- Structure’s shift of export commodities by the export similarity index
Vietnamese export commodities structure is less similar to most
countries in the EAEU. With a low level of export similarity, trade between
Vietnam and its partners in the EAEU in general, and Russian Federation in
particular may still have a lot of growth potential.
- Structure’s shift of export commodities by the trade complementarity
index


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The level of complementarity of our country’s exports to the import
needs of most of the partners in the EAEU has been improved.

3.2.3. Reality of solutions for shifting the structure of Vietnam’s
export commodities to Russian Federation
3.2.3.1. For the State
Promulgating strategies for importing and exporting commodities over
periods; Project on improving the competitiveness of Vietnam’s export products
in the period of 2015 - 2020, with a vision to 2030; Project on development of
regional markets for the period 2015 - 2020, vision to 2030... The State has
adjusted import-export mechanisms and policies in the direction of encouraging
exports, in line with the process of economic integration and trade liberalization.
3.2.3.2. For the enterprises and associations
Many enterprises have applied for C/O to enjoy tax incentives.
Enterprises with a large volume of records and far from the central area are the
ones benefit the most. These are shown by significantly reduced by time, effort
and costs. There are a number of items that have high C/O rates in this market,
such as seafood, textiles, plastic products and rice.
The associations, as representatives of the business community, have
had many solutions to support enterprises to export to Russian Federation.
Timely information provided about the State’s policies, forecast of the situation
and solutions of ministries and branches for export enterprises to know and find
ways to adapt; Trade promotion organizations hold activities to provide
information to connect trade, support businesses to organize seminars and
business transactions…
3.3. General assessment
3.3.1. Achievements
- Strategic orientation and export development policy in the right
direction and timely support from the Government, efforts of state management
agencies in export development and export restructuring


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- Gradually reduce the proportion of raw or processing commodities
and gradually increase the proportion of manufacturing commodities;
- The structure of Vietnam’s exports meets relatively well the import
needs of Russian Federation and is relatively stable.
- Gradually reduce the proportion of labor-intensive commodities and
gradually increase the proportion of commodities with higher technology
content.
- The change in export structure of commodity groups on the one
hand shows that Vietnam’s production has had a positive shift with the
proportion of manufacturing commodities accounting for more than 83.95% in
total export, and on the other hand, it shows that the export strategy and policy of
the State has been implemented in the right direction.
- The right, continuous and long-term efforts of enterprises in
overcoming the challenge of separate regulations and not following international
standards of Russian Federation, especially non-tariff trade barriers very strict...
- The business community has had solutions to change the
commodities’ structure, to promote the export of high-value-added products, and
to withstand the pressure of the market.
- Trade in commodities between Vietnam and Russian Federation is
complementary, supporting each other rather than competitive.
- Successfully attracting FDI in the period 2016-2020.
3.3.2. Shortcomings and reasons
* Shortcomings
- The total number of items, the number of product groups and the
number of items within each product group have not changed much, showing
the lack of diversification of Vietnam’s exports to Russian Federation.
- Commodities exported in raw or processing form with low added
value. Many export industries such as machinery, components and vehicles are
still processing and dependent on imported raw materials.

- The added value of exported commodities is still low


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- The quality of Vietnamese exports to Russian Federation has not
improved, lacks variety and competitiveness is not high
- Logistics activities, especially for the transport of export
commodities, are also an export restriction to Russian Federation.
* The cause of the restriction
- For the group of processed and manufactured commodities - mainly
export processing for FDI enterprises, it shows that the added value is low as
well as the supporting industry of Vietnam is still weak.
- Vietnam’s export commodities are facing stiff competition (in terms
of price, design, packaging, quality, transportation, etc.)
- Non-tariff barriers such as regulations on food hygiene and safety,
regulations on quality quarantine...
- Incentives from the implementation of the VN-EAEU FTA are
much lower than those in other FTAs such as CPTPP, RCEP, EVFTA...
- The ruble of Russian Federation in recent years has continuously
fluctuated in a downward trend.
- The cooperation and coordination between the authorities of the two
countries is still not close
- Unpredictable and unstable developments of the regional situation
(embargo, Russia-Ukrain conflict, etc.)
CHAPTER 4: CONTEXT, ORIENTATION AND SOLUTIONS FOR
SHIFTING THE STRUCTURE OF VIETNAMESE EXPORT
COMMODITIES TO RUSSIAN FEDERATION
4.1. The international and domestic context affect to structure’s
shift of Vietnamese exports to Russian Federation

4.1.1. International context
World economic growth has improved after the Covid-19 pandemic,
but still has many potential risks and is not stable. Global trade maintains its
growth momentum but faces many difficulties due to trade protectionism;
Strengthening production linkages, strongly developing production and


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distribution networks and regional and global supply chains will continue to
strengthen; The expansion of trade liberalization and implementation of
commitments in recent FTAs, including the VN-EAEU FTA; Economic
competition based on the development of the 4th Industrial Revolution;
Sustainable export development, green products associated with circular
economy; The conflict between Russian Federation and Ukraine; The needs of
Russian consumers change rapidly.
4.1.2. Domestic context
Macroeconomic stability; relatively stable export growth; promote
economic institutional reform, improve business investment environment;
Advantage of natural resources and labor; Vietnam’s industrial production
capacity has improved sharply; The proportion of contributions of high-tech
industries in the manufacturing and processing industry and the private sector is
higher next year than in previous years; The quality and added value of exported
commodities are now able to meet the requirements of Russian Federation.
4.2. Viewpoints and orientations on the structure’s shift of
Vietnamese export commodities to Russian Federation
4.2.1. The view on the structure’s shift of Vietnamese export
commodities to Russian Federation
- Meeting the objective of improving the quality, efficiency and added
value of exported commodities;

- Diversifying export products, attach importance to traditional export
products, and at the same time need to actively expand new products.
- Developing key export products to Russian Federation, but not limited
to fixed items that flexibly respond to market demands and price fluctuations.
- Gradually increasing the proportion of high-value-added exports that
are domestically produced and gradually reduce the amount of processed exports
and low-value-added commodities.