Assignment 1 1690 Internet Of Things

ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification

TEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title

Unit 43: Internet of Things

Submission date

11/10/2023

Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date

11/10/2023

Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name

Tran Duc Long

Student ID

GCH210562

Class

GCH1106

Assessor name

Le Ngoc Anh

Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.
Student’s signature
Grading grid

P1

P2

P3

P4

M1

M2

M3

M4

D1

D2


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 Resubmission Feedback:

2.1

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Table of Contents
A.

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

B.

Task 1: Review and evaluate about IoT aspects. ................................................................................................................................. 9
I.

Review IoT functionality, standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs (P1-P2) ................................................. 9
1.

2.

II.

Explore various forms of IoT functionality. (P1)........................................................................................................................... 9

1.1.

Definition about IoT .................................................................................................................................................................. 9

1.2.

IoT characteristics ................................................................................................................................................................... 10

1.3.

How does IoT work? ............................................................................................................................................................... 12

1.4.

Applications of IoT .................................................................................................................................................................. 13

1.5.

Some examples for real world application of IoT................................................................................................................... 15

Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT development. (P2).................... 19
2.1.

IoT standard architecture ....................................................................................................................................................... 19

2.2.

IoT framework ........................................................................................................................................................................ 21

2.3.

IoT tools .................................................................................................................................................................................. 25

2.4.

IoT hardware........................................................................................................................................................................... 28

2.5.

IoT APIs ................................................................................................................................................................................... 29

Evaluate a common IoT platform (M1-M2) ................................................................................................................................... 31
1. Evaluate the impact of common IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and APIs in the software development
lifecycle (M1). .................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
1.1.

Cross platforms ....................................................................................................................................................................... 31

1.2.

Performance monitoring ........................................................................................................................................................ 32

1.3.

Web development .................................................................................................................................................................. 32


1.4.

Increasing demand for decentralized solutions ..................................................................................................................... 33

1.5.

The bottom line ...................................................................................................................................................................... 34

2.

C.

Evaluate the impact of common IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and APIs in IoT security (M2) .................... 35

2.1.

Issues and concerns with IoT security .................................................................................................................................... 35

2.2.

How to protect IoT systems and devices................................................................................................................................ 37

2.3.

Some examples ....................................................................................................................................................................... 38

Task 2: Plan an appropriate IoT application ...................................................................................................................................... 39
I.

Determine a prolem and IoT solution (P3-P4) ............................................................................................................................... 39
1.

Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques available to develop IoT applications. (P3) ....... 39

1.1.

IoT architecture development (IoT Architecture with three Layers (Tiers)) .......................................................................... 39

1.2.

Framework (Google Cloud Platform – Internet of Things framework) .................................................................................. 41

1.3.

Tools........................................................................................................................................................................................ 43

1.4.

Hardware ................................................................................................................................................................................ 46

1.5.

APIs ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 48

2.

II.

Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT. (P4) .............................................................................................................. 52

2.1.

Scenario .................................................................................................................................................................................. 52

2.2.

System design ......................................................................................................................................................................... 52

2.3.

How the system work ............................................................................................................................................................. 58

Plan to create an IoT application (M3-M4).................................................................................................................................... 58
1. Select the most appropriate IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques to include in an application
to solve this problem (M3) ................................................................................................................................................................ 58
1.1.

Blynk Platform ........................................................................................................................................................................ 59

1.2.

ESP8266 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 60

1.3.
2.

Arduino IDE ............................................................................................................................................................................. 63
Apply your selected techniques to create an IoT application development plan(M4) ............................................................. 64

2.1.

Human resources .................................................................................................................................................................... 65

2.2.

Budget..................................................................................................................................................................................... 66

2.3.

Project timeline ...................................................................................................................................................................... 67

D. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
References ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 69


Table of Figure
Figure 1: Internet of things (IoT) ............................................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2: IoT characteristics (i-scoop.eu, 2023) ........................................................................................................................................ 11
Figure 3: Examples of an IoT System (Gillis, 2023) ................................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 4: Applications of IoT ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 5: IoT applications – wearables (Upasana, 2022) .......................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 6: IoT Application - Smart home .................................................................................................................................................... 16

Figure 7: IoT applications - Health Care .................................................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 8: IoT applications - Agriculture ..................................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 9: 4 Stage IoT architecture ............................................................................................................................................................. 20
Figure 10: IoT Framework (Pedamkar, 2023) ........................................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 11: Kaa IoT...................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 12: Cisco IoT Cloud Connect .......................................................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 13: ZETTA IoT ................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Figure 14: IoT tools ................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 15: IoT hardware ............................................................................................................................................................................ 28
Figure 16: IoT APIs..................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 17: IoT security and challenges ...................................................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 18: IoT Architecture with Three Layers (Tiers) (Calihman, 2019) .................................................................................................. 40
Figure 19: Google Cloud Platform (Riseuplabs, 2023) .............................................................................................................................. 42
Figure 20: Arduino .................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 21: Firebase (Özşahan, 2023)......................................................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 22: Arduino Uno ............................................................................................................................................................................ 47
Figure 23: NodeMCU................................................................................................................................................................................. 48
Figure 24: Apple HomeKit (Tedee, 2023) .................................................................................................................................................. 49
Figure 25: Google cloud ............................................................................................................................................................................ 50
Figure 26: Architecture of the product ..................................................................................................................................................... 53
Figure 27: Arduino IDE .............................................................................................................................................................................. 54


Figure 28: Oled display (indiamart, 2023) ................................................................................................................................................ 55
Figure 29: MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter ...................................................................................................................................................... 56
Figure 30: Blynk ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 31: Project simulation .................................................................................................................................................................... 58


A.

Introduction

In an era defined by digital innovation and connectivity, the Internet of Things, often abbreviated as IoT, has emerged as a
revolutionary technological paradigm that is reshaping the way we interact with the world around us. This transformative
concept represents the interconnection of everyday physical objects, devices, and machines, enabling them to communicate,
collect, and exchange data over the internet. With its profound impact on industries, homes, and the way we live our lives, IoT
stands at the forefront of the fourth industrial revolution, promising a future of unprecedented convenience, efficiency, and
intelligence.
Within the healthcare sector, IoT has emerged as a beacon of innovation, enhancing the way medical professionals monitor,
diagnose, and treat patients. IoT in healthcare leverages a wide array of interconnected devices and sensors, including heart
rate monitors and blood oxygen level measurement tools. These devices have redefined patient care, enabling real-time
tracking of crucial physiological parameters. Heart rate sensors offer continuous insights into a patient's cardiovascular health,
allowing for early detection of irregularities or anomalies. Simultaneously, the capability to measure blood oxygen levels, a
vital indicator of respiratory and circulatory health, enhances the precision of diagnoses and treatment decisions.
In this assignment, I will discuss IoT, specifically how I apply IoT and deploy architecture, software, hardware, and framework
to create a complete product applicable to healthcare.

B. Task 1: Review and evaluate about IoT aspects.
I.

Review IoT functionality, standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs
(P1-P2)
1. Explore various forms of IoT functionality. (P1)
1.1.

Definition about IoT
The Internet of Things, often abbreviated as IoT, represents a network of interconnected devices that
communicate and share information with other IoT devices and the cloud. These IoT devices typically come

equipped with technology like sensors and software, encompassing both mechanical and digital machines
as well as everyday consumer items. (Gillis, 2023)

Figure 1: Internet of things (IoT)

In various industries, there is a growing trend of utilizing IoT to enhance operational efficiency, provide
better customer service, support informed decision-making, and enhance overall business value. IoT enables
data transfer across networks without the need for direct human-to-human or human-to-computer
interactions.
In the context of IoT, a "thing" could be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm animal fitted with a
biochip transponder, an automobile equipped with sensors that alert the driver about low tire pressure, or
any other natural or human-made object that can be assigned an Internet Protocol address and is capable
of transmitting data across a network. (Gillis, 2023)

1.2.

IoT characteristics


Figure 2: IoT characteristics (i-scoop.eu, 2023)

There are seven essential characteristics of IoT:
• Connectivity: This is self-explanatory. IoT devices, hardware, sensors, electronics, and control
systems all require connections at various levels to function effectively. (i-scoop.eu, 2023)
• Things: Anything that can be identified or designed to connect falls under this category. This
encompasses a wide range of objects, from sensors and household appliances to tagged livestock.
Devices may include built-in sensors, or sensing materials can be attached to them.
• Data: Data serves as the fundamental component of the Internet of Things, acting as the initial step
toward enabling action and intelligence.

•

•
•

•

1.3.

Communication: Devices are interconnected to facilitate the exchange of data, which can then be
analyzed. Communication can take place over short distances or extend to long and very long ranges.
Examples include Wi-Fi and LPWA network technologies such as LoRa or NB-IoT.
Intelligence: This aspect involves the sensing capabilities of IoT devices and the intelligence derived
from extensive data analytics, often incorporating artificial intelligence.
Action: This pertains to the outcome of intelligence. It can encompass manual actions, decisions
based on data analysis (as seen in scenarios like smart factory operations), and automation, which is
often a critical component.
Ecosystem: This characteristic focuses on IoT's place within the context of other technologies,
communities, objectives, and the broader framework in which IoT operates. It encompasses
dimensions like the Internet of Everything, the platform dimension, and the importance of
establishing strong partnerships.

How does IoT work?
An IoT ecosystem comprises internet-connected smart devices equipped with embedded systems, including
processors, sensors, and communication hardware. These devices gather, transmit, and respond to data
acquired from their surroundings. (Gillis, 2023)
IoT devices communicate their sensor data by linking to an IoT gateway, which serves as a central hub for
receiving data from IoT devices. Prior to sharing, this data may also be routed to an edge device for local

analysis. Local analysis helps reduce the amount of data sent to the cloud, thereby minimizing bandwidth
consumption.
At times, these devices communicate with other interconnected devices and act based on the information
they exchange. Most of these tasks are performed autonomously, although users can interact with the
devices to set them up, provide instructions, or access data.
The specific connectivity, networking, and communication protocols employed by these internet-enabled
devices vary depending on the particular IoT applications in use.
Additionally, IoT can leverage artificial intelligence and machine learning to simplify and enhance data
collection processes.


Figure 3: Examples of an IoT System (Gillis, 2023)

1.4.

Applications of IoT


Figure 4: Applications of IoT

The Internet of Things (IoT) finds numerous practical applications in the real world, spanning various domains
like consumer IoT, enterprise IoT, manufacturing, and Industrial IoT (IIoT). IoT applications are diverse,
encompassing industries such as automotive, telecommunications, and energy. (Gillis, 2023)
For instance, in the consumer sector, smart homes equipped with intelligent thermostats, appliances, and
connected lighting and electronics can be remotely controlled through computers and smartphones. Wearable
devices, featuring sensors and software, gather and analyze user data, sending information to other
technologies to enhance users' convenience and comfort. These wearables also contribute to public safety by
improving response times for first responders during emergencies or tracking vital signs of workers in high-risk
situations, like construction sites or firefighting scenarios.
In healthcare, IoT empowers providers to closely monitor patients by analyzing generated data. Hospitals utilize

IoT systems for tasks like managing pharmaceutical inventory and tracking medical instruments.


Smart buildings employ IoT technology to reduce energy consumption. Sensors detect the occupancy of rooms,
enabling automatic adjustments in temperature and lighting. For instance, if a conference room is full, the air
conditioner activates, and if everyone leaves the office, the heating decreases.
In agriculture, IoT-based smart farming systems utilize connected sensors to monitor variables such as light,
temperature, humidity, and soil moisture in crop fields. IoT also plays a pivotal role in automating irrigation
systems.
In the context of smart cities, IoT sensors and deployments, such as smart streetlights and meters, contribute
to traffic management, energy conservation, environmental monitoring, sanitation improvement, and various
urban enhancements.

1.5.

Some examples for real world application of IoT
a. IoT Applications – Wearables

Figure 5: IoT applications – wearables (Upasana, 2022)


Wearable technology is a prominent aspect of IoT applications and likely one of the earliest industries to
embrace IoT integration. Nowadays, we commonly encounter devices like Fitbits, heart rate monitors,
and smartwatches. (Upasana, 2022)
Among the less familiar wearables is the Guardian glucose monitoring device, which serves individuals
dealing with diabetes. This device is designed to identify glucose levels within the body by employing a
miniature electrode known as a glucose sensor, positioned beneath the skin. It then transmits this
information wirelessly, using Radio Frequency, to a monitoring device.

b. IoT Applications – Smart Home Applications

Figure 6: IoT Application - Smart home

With the rise of IoT, "Smart Home" stands out as the most frequently searched IoT-related feature on
Google. But what exactly constitutes a Smart Home? (Upasana, 2022)


Wouldn't it be delightful if you could activate your air conditioning system before arriving home or turn
off the lights even after you've left? Imagine being able to remotely unlock your doors for friends, even
when you're away from home. It's not surprising that as IoT continues to evolve, companies are
developing products to simplify and enhance your daily life.
Smart Homes represent a groundbreaking advancement in residential living and are expected to become
as ubiquitous as smartphones. Owning a home is often the most significant financial commitment in a
person's life. Smart Home products are designed to offer savings in terms of time, energy, and money.
Companies like Nest, Ecobee, Ring, and August, among others, in the Smart Home industry are poised to
become household names and aim to deliver an unparalleled user experience.

c. IoT Applications – Health Care
IoT applications have the potential to transform conventional medical systems, which typically respond
to health issues, into proactive systems centered around well-being. (Upasana, 2022)

Figure 7: IoT applications - Health Care


Presently, medical research relies on limited resources that often lack essential real-world data. It
predominantly utilizes leftover data, controlled settings, and volunteers for medical studies. In contrast,
IoT offers access to a wealth of valuable data derived from real-time field data and testing.
Additionally, the Internet of Things enhances the existing medical devices in terms of their power,
precision, and availability. IoT places emphasis on constructing comprehensive systems rather than
merely developing individual pieces of equipment. Smart medical devices employed by organizations

also contribute to enhancing the healthcare system. These healthcare devices empower individuals with
insights into their health status and ways to enhance it. This application is rooted in IoT's capacity to
establish connections among devices, gather data through sensors, and process that data to generate
accurate results.

d. IoT Applications – Agriculture
Statistics project that the global population will continue to grow and approach nearly 10 billion people
by the year 2050. To sustain such a vast population, the integration of agriculture and technology is
essential to achieve optimal results. There are numerous opportunities in this field, one of which is the
concept of the Smart Greenhouse. (Upasana, 2022)

Figure 8: IoT applications - Agriculture


Greenhouse farming techniques aim to boost crop yields by managing environmental conditions.
However, manual intervention can lead to reduced production, energy wastage, and increased labor
costs, rendering the process less efficient.
Incorporating IoT devices into a greenhouse not only simplifies monitoring but also empowers precise
climate control. Sensors measure various parameters in accordance with the specific needs of the plants
and transmit this data to the cloud. The cloud then processes this information and implements control
actions accordingly.

2. Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use
in IoT development. (P2)
2.1.

IoT standard architecture
a. IoT standard architecture
Internet of Things (IoT) technology boasts a diverse range of applications and is experiencing rapid growth.
Its functionality varies depending on the specific application area for which it has been designed and

developed. However, there is no universally standardized architecture that IoT strictly adheres to. The
architecture of IoT is contingent upon its purpose and deployment in various sectors. Nonetheless, there
exists a fundamental process flow upon which IoT is constructed.


Figure 9: 4 Stage IoT architecture

•

•

•

Sensing Layer: Within this stratum lie sensors, actuators, and devices. These sensors and actuators
receive physical or environmental data, process it, and then transmit it through a network.
(geeksforgeeks, 2023)
Network Layer: The network layer comprises Internet or network gateways and Data Acquisition Systems
(DAS). DAS is responsible for tasks like data aggregation, data conversion (which involves collecting,
aggregating, and transforming analog sensor data into digital format), and more. Advanced gateways,
which serve as the bridge connecting sensor networks to the Internet, also handle essential gateway
functions, including virus protection, filtering, decision-making based on input data, and data
management services, among others.
Data Processing Layer: This constitutes the processing unit within the IoT ecosystem. Data undergoes
evaluation and preprocessing at this stage before being forwarded to a data center. There, the data is
made accessible to software applications, often referred to as business applications. These applications