Whey Products as Functional Foods pot

WHEY PRODUCTS AS
WHEY PRODUCTS AS
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
W. James Harper
Department of Food Science &
Technology
The Ohio State University

Functional Foods
Functional Foods

Functional foods have been defined as “any food or food
ingredient that may provide a health benefit beyond the
traditional nutrients that it contains.”

Functional Dairy Foods
Functional Dairy Foods

In the early 1980’s, the Japanese were the first to recognize
dairy components as having significant contributions to
“physiologically functional foods.” Since then there has
been an increasing number of investigations that have
supported this view.

Functional Dairy Foods
Functional Dairy Foods

Current evidence for the health benefits of most dairy
foods and dairy components is based primarily on in vitro

and in vivo animal studies

Human clinical studies are still needed in many areas

Significant Functions
Significant Functions

Anti-microbial – including control of gut microflora

Anti-viral

Binding of E coli and cholera enterotoxins

Anti-cancer

Immunomodulation

Anti-oxidative

Opioid effects

Retard osteoporosis

Cardiovascular Functions
Cardiovascular Functions

Anti-inflammatory

Anti-hypertensive


Anti-thrombic

Cholesterol reduction

Whey Products and Whey
Whey Products and Whey
Components
Components
with Bioactive Functions
with Bioactive Functions



WHEY PRODUCTS WITH
WHEY PRODUCTS WITH
POTENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS
POTENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS

Whey Protein Concentrates
–
34 to 85% protein

Whey Protein Isolates
–
Ion exchange and membrane processed

Whey Protein Fractions
–
Lactoferrin, Lactoperoxidase


Whey Protein Hydrolysates
–
Bioactive peptide concentrates

Whey Salts From Permeate
–
Enriched in calcium salts

Almost All Milk Components May
Almost All Milk Components May
Contribute Potential Health
Contribute Potential Health
Benefits - Including
Benefits - Including

Proteins

Peptides

Lipids

Minor Carbohydrates

Minerals

Vitamins

AND
AND
Almost all bioactive milk

Almost all bioactive milk
components are found in
components are found in
whey
whey

Whey Composition
Whey Composition
Component Sweet whey Acid whey
Total solids 6.5% 6.4%
Protein 0.6%` 0.54%
Lipids 0.25% 0.05%
Lactose 5.0% 4.5%
Ash 0.52% 0.6%
Lactic acid 0.14% 0.47%

Sweet Whey Proteins
Sweet Whey Proteins
Beta lactoglobulin 55%
Alpha lactalbumin
15%
Immunoglobulins
15%
BSA
5%
Lactoferrin
<1%
Lactoperoxidase
<1%
Casein macro peptide

10%

Whey Lipids
Whey Lipids

About 50% of whey lipids are phospholipids derived from
small fat globules and fat globule membrane

Bioactive lipids in whey include:
–
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)
–
Sphingolipids
–
Ether lipids
–
Butyric acid

Relationship between
Relationship between
Bioactive Function
Bioactive Function
and Whey Components
and Whey Components

ANTI-CANCER POTENTIAL
ANTI-CANCER POTENTIAL

Anti-cancer activity reported
Anti-cancer activity reported

for the following cancers*
for the following cancers*

Colon (c)

Prostate (p)

Gastric/stomach (g)

Breast (b)

Skin (s)
*based on cellular and animal models

Protection from Some
Protection from Some
Cancers
Cancers
Cancer
WPC LF/LP CLA BSA Peptides
colon + + + + +
breast + + + +
skin +
prostate (+) + +
gastric +

Other possible protectants
Other possible protectants
include
include


Colon Cancer
–
Sphingolipids
–
Butyric acid
–
Calcium
–
GMP

Breast Cancer
–
Alpha-lactalbumin
–
MFGM protein

CARDIOVASCULAR
CARDIOVASCULAR
EFFECTS
EFFECTS

Components with
Components with
Cardiovascular Effect
Cardiovascular Effect
Activity WPC WPI Peptides LF B-vit. Other
Hypertension
+
+ + + (Ca)

Anti-
inflammatory
+* +
Anti-
thrombic
+ + +
Reduce
cholesterol
+ +
Stearic
acid

IMMUNOMODULATION
IMMUNOMODULATION

Immunomodulation
Immunomodulation

Modified whey protein concentrate

Immunoglobulins

Lactoferrin

Lactoperoxidase

Kappa casein glycomacropeptide

(CLA)

MICROBIAL/VIRAL
MICROBIAL/VIRAL
RELATIONSHIPS
RELATIONSHIPS

Microbial/Viral Effects
Microbial/Viral Effects
Component Anti-
bacterial/viral
Toxin
Binding
Pre-biotic
Properties
WPC + + +
A-lg/B-lg. +
Lactoferrin +
Lactoperox. +
GMP + + +
Oligo-
saccharides
+

Antioxidative Effects
Antioxidative Effects

Whey Protein Concentrates/Isolates

Lactoferrin

Vitamin C


Peptides