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Table of contents

<b><small>CHAPTER 1: GENERAL THEORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON </small></b>

<b><small>CURRENT PRACTICE...1</small></b>

<b><small>1.1. Introduction to artificial intelligence...1</small></b>

<b><small>1.1.1. Definition of artificial intelligence...2</small></b>

<b><small>1.1.2. The goal of artificial intelligence...4</small></b>

<b><small>1.2. The impact of artificial intelligence on current practice...5</small></b>

<b><small>2.1. AI and job automation...17</small></b>

<b><small>2.1.1. Examples of industries and tasks affected by job automation...17</small></b>

<b><small>2.1.2. Benefits and challenges of AI-driven job automation...19</small></b>

<b><small>2.2. Impact on the career prospects of AOF students...21</small></b>

<b><small>2.2.1. The evolution of job roles and skill requirements in the AI era...21</small></b>

<b><small>2.2.2. Opportunities created by AI in many different industries...23</small></b>

<b><small>2.2.3. Challenges and job mobility of AOF students...25</small></b>

<b><small>Chapter 3: Feasible and practical solutions to improve the position of Academy of Finance students in the job market...28</small></b>

<b><small>3.1. Academic considerations for AOF students...28</small></b>

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<b><small>3.2. Develop technical skills in AI and related industries...30</small></b>

<b><small>3.3. Develop soft skills and adaptability...31</small></b>

<b><small>3.4. Take advantage of internships, projects, and networking opportunities...33</small></b>

<b><small>3.5. Learn for life and stay updated in the rapidly growing AI field...34</small></b>

Bibliography...36

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<b>CHAPTER 1: GENERAL THEORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITSIMPACT ON CURRENT PRACTICE.</b>

<b>1.1. Introduction to artificial intelligence</b>

The idea of AI has been mentioned for a long time in literature and science fiction. However, the real birth of AI as a field of scientific research only began in the mid-20th century. In 1950, mathematician Alan Turing posed the question "Can computers think?" , marks an important first step in AI research. He also proposed the "Turing Test" to determine whether a computer can be considered intelligent or not. In 1956, the term "Artificial Intelligence" was used for the first time during a conference at Dartmouth College, organized by John McCarthy and other scientists. From there, AI became a fully-fledged research field and grew rapidly.<small>[ CITATION Edi22 \l 1033 ]</small>

In the early years, AI focused on expert systems and natural language processing. However, the development of AI has also encountered many difficulties and failures, leading to periods of "AI winter" when the industry has had its resources cut. The explosion of computer technology and big data at the beginning of the 21st century opened a new era for AI. New techniques such as machine learning and deep learning have enabled AI systems to learn and process big data more effectively. Today, AI has become popular in many different fields, from virtual assistants to autonomous driving, from health care to military and security. and security). Leading technology companies such as Google, Amazon, Microsoft and Facebook are investing heavily in AI research and development.<small>[ CITATION Edi22 \l 1033 ]</small>

In the future, many leading technology experts believe that AI is expected to continue to develop strongly and deeply affect many aspects of human life. Some typical trends include:<small>[ CITATION kie23 \l 1033 ]</small>

 General AI: The ultimate goal of AI is to create systems with general intelligence, able to learn and solve any problem like humans, instead of just focusing on into narrow fields.

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 Advanced Machine Learning and Deep Learning: Machine learning and deep learning techniques will continue to improve, allowing AI systems to learn and process big data more effectively, making predictions and decisions more exactly.  Ethical AI and Accountability: With the increasing influence of AI in society,

issues of ethics and accountability will become more important than ever. AI systems need to be designed and operated according to ethical, transparent and fair principles.

 AI and Cybersecurity: AI will play an important role in protecting cybersecurity, detecting and preventing threats, and enhancing security and privacy.

 AI and Health: AI will be widely applied in the medical field, from disease diagnosis and treatment, analysis of large medical data, to research and development of new drugs.

 AI and Automation: AI will continue to drive automation in many sectors, from manufacturing and logistics to services and education, helping to increase productivity and efficiency.

 AI and the Environment: AI can play an important role in solving environmental problems, such as climate change, resource management and biodiversity conservation.

While AI opens up great opportunities and potential, it also poses many challenges and potential risks. Ensuring the safety, ethics and control of AI will be an important task in the future. There is a need for regulation and introduction of new legal frameworks to ensure transparency, accountability and ethics in the use of AI.

<b>1.1.1. Definition of artificial intelligence</b>

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of science and technology that aims to create intelligent computer systems capable of learning, reasoning, and acting like human intelligence. AI encompasses many different fields of research and applications, but they all work toward the common goal of creating computer systems capable of solving complex problems intelligently and efficiently .<small>[CITATION Sta20 \l 1033 ]</small>

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 Narrow AI and General AI: Narrow AI are intelligent systems designed to solve specific problems in a certain field, such as identification voice, face, or autonomous driving.

 General AI (General AI or AGI): The ultimate goal of AI, to create systems with general intelligence like humans, capable of learning and solving any problem in many fields. different areas.

 Machine Learning and Deep Learning: Machine Learning is an important branch of AI, studying how computer systems can learn and improve their capabilities based on data and experience.

 Deep Learning: Is an advanced technique of Machine Learning, using artificial neural networks to simulate how the human brain works, allowing learning and processing complex data quickly. effectively.

 Autonomy and Reinforcement Learning in AI: Autonomous AI systems (Autonomous Systems) have the ability to plan, make decisions and take actions independently to achieve a set goal, without the need for assistance. Detailed management from people.

 Reinforcement Learning: Is a technique that allows AI agents to learn how to act to maximize rewards in a given environment, through testing and learning from experience .

 Human-Centered AI: Human-Centered AI researches and builds AI systems as effective partners and support tools for humans, such as assistant robots help, smart virtual assistant.

 Ethics and Safety in AI: With the increasing influence of AI in society, ethical and safety issues in the use of AI become extremely important. AI systems need to be designed and operated according to principles of ethics, transparency, fairness and safety, ensuring accountability and control over possible consequences.

Artificial intelligence is a diverse and complex field, encompassing many different areas of research and applications. Understanding the basic concepts and development

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trends of AI will help us effectively exploit the great potential of this technology, while ensuring the safe, ethical and human use of AI. be the center.

<b>1.1.2. The goal of artificial intelligence</b>

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of research and development aimed at creating computer systems capable of solving problems and performing complex tasks intelligently, much like intelligence. of human. The general goal of AI is to create systems capable of observing, learning, reasoning, making decisions and acting automatically, flexibly and effectively. Here are the specific goals of AI:

 Develop reasoning and problem-solving skills: AI aims to create systems capable of analyzing information, drawing logical conclusions, and providing optimal solutions to complex problems, like process human reasoning process.

 Easy and Efficient Knowledge Representation: One of the important goals of AI is to develop efficient ways to represent knowledge in computer-coded form, allowing AI systems to access, Organize and use knowledge flexibly and effectively.

 Copy and simulate human intelligence: AI aims to create systems capable of copying and simulating human intellectual abilities, such as learning, remembering, reasoning, and solving problems. Solve problems and make decisions intelligently.

 Developing self-learning systems: One of the important goals of AI is to create computer systems capable of self-learning and improving their capabilities through experience and data, without needing to be trained. pre-programmed.

 Connecting perception and action: AI aims to create systems capable of connecting cognitive processes (learning, reasoning) with actions (decision making, control) flexibly and effectively, like the connection between cognition and behavior in humans.

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 Surgical support and medical applications: AI algorithms can be used to analyze medical data, support diagnosis and treatment, as well as develop smart medical applications, such as support virtual surgery.

 Creating systems with intelligent behavior: The ultimate goal of AI is to create computer systems capable of displaying intelligent behavior, learning new knowledge, and assisting humans in making decisions in an intelligent way. effective.

 Natural language processing: One of the important goals of AI is to develop systems capable of reading, understanding and processing natural human language (such as text, voice) to be able to communicate. communicate and interact effectively.

 Enhance and optimize sensor technology: AI aims to improve and optimize various aspects of sensor technology, such as the ability to recognize, process and analyze data from sensors.

 Developing smart robots: Robotics is an important field in AI, aiming to create smart robots capable of collecting information, making decisions and performing complex tasks automatically.

 Predict and simulate human behavior and emotions: AI also aims to develop systems capable of identifying, interpreting and simulating human behavior, motivation and emotions, helping for e-commerce applications, customer relationship management, and decision support.

The goals of AI are many and varied, including simulating human intelligence and creating intelligent systems that exceed human capabilities in some specific fields. The development of AI has been bringing important breakthroughs in many different fields, from technology, health, education to science, military and social life.<small>[ CITATION The22 \l1033 ]</small>

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<b>1.2. The impact of artificial intelligence on current practice</b>

<b>1.2.1. In education</b>

Artificial intelligence (AI) is having a profound impact on the field of education and has the potential to change the way we learn and teach. By using this technology, we can optimize teaching and learning to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4). One of the ways AI plays an important role is through data collection and analysis. AI can provide teachers with information about student engagement, learning progress, and health. This helps educators make smarter decisions about how to approach and support individuals in the classroom. In addition, AI can also personalize the learning process. By analyzing each student's strengths and weaknesses, AI can tailor educational content to fit each individual's specific needs. This helps enhance learning efficiency and performance. Virtual reality technology is also an area where AI is driving progress. By creating interactive learning environments, AI allows students to experience lessons in a more vivid and engaging way. This can include interacting with virtual objects or visiting historical locations through virtual reality experiences. However, implementing AI technology in education also carries risks and challenges. Policies that protect privacy and ensure fairness in the use of sensitive data are needed. In addition, educational managers also need to consider how to use AI properly so as not to lose creativity and diversity in education.

In short, AI has great potential to improve education by optimizing the learning and teaching process. However, to achieve this, attention is needed to issues related to privacy, equity and creativity in education.

About advantages:

AI brings many important benefits to the education system, of which the highlight is the ability to personalize the learning process. Specifically, AI systems can create individual learning and assessment plans for each student based on unique learning

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abilities and needs . This ensures that each student receives an optimized learning experience, thereby increasing engagement and learning performance .

Additionally, AI provides more flexible access to learning for students with special needs. Through the smart learning system, AI-powered devices can detect areas where students need additional support and provide appropriate guidance. This helps students who may need extra time or support in specific subjects to keep pace with their classmates.

Another advantage of AI in education is its ability to evaluate and solve problems in real time. Teachers can use this technology to monitor students' understanding of concepts by tracking individual progress throughout the learning process. Through this, they can identify problems that need attention and thereby propose appropriate solutions.

Finally, immersive virtual reality (VR) experiences are also an integral part of advancement in education. Advances in artificial intelligence research, especially in the field of machine vision and SLAM algorithms, have brought new opportunities for the creation of VR games and simulations. For example, Pokémon Go has accelerated the development of VR. Universities such as the University of Southern California have also successfully applied VR technology in training soldiers, finding that they learn faster when using virtual reality simulations rather than relying solely on books and traditional instructions. system. This proves that AI and VR can create effective and interactive learning experiences, helping to improve the quality of education.

About limitations:

Although artificial intelligence in education (AIED) offers much potential, there are some notable limitations:

 The real lack of AI integration in education: Despite many research and development efforts, the integration of artificial intelligence into the education system is still not widespread . Many schools still continue to use traditional

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teaching methods and have not really applied AI technology to the teaching process.

 AI products for education are not diverse and popular: Currently, the number of AI products for education is still limited. Although there are some software and teaching tools that use artificial intelligence, they have not been sufficiently researched and developed to become an indispensable part of the education system.

 Lack of preparation and training for teachers: Implementing AI in education requires preparation and training for teachers. Most current teachers have not been trained on how to use AI technology in the teaching process, which reduces the effectiveness of applying new technology.

 Limits on personalization: Although AI has the ability to personalize the learning process, doing so is difficult due to limited data and analysis methods. This can mean that learning plans and assessments do not fully reflect each student's unique needs and abilities.

 Privacy and ethical challenges: The use of personal data and sensitive information in the learning process can raise many privacy and ethical issues. There should be clear policies and regulations to ensure safety and protection of students' personal information.

Market growth:

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Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an indispensable part in many different fields, from smart mobile devices, sports, construction - architecture to education. In the education industry, the fusion between AI and digital learning systems has created a new concept: Smart education. The digital education market, commonly known as the e-Learning market, is growing strongly thanks to the adoption of AI applications. From online courses to online reference materials and virtual classrooms, artificial intelligence in education has changed the way learning compares to traditional methods. The emergence of artificial intelligence in education plays a more important role than we often think. More than 50% of schools and universities globally are currently using AI to support administrative management and teaching. Research has also proven that applying learning methods with AI brings many significant effects. This trend is driving rapid growth in the e-Learning sector by providing personalized interactive courses, high-quality online lectures, and gamified classes to enhance learning. studying skill. Forecasts for the global AI education market are expected to surpass 20 billion USD by 2027. This shows the attraction and development potential of AI in the field of education.<small>[ CITATIONelc23 \l 1033 ]</small>

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<b>1.2.2. In finance</b>

Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly important role in the financial sector and is creating significant impacts. Below is some analysis of the role and impact of AI in this field:

 Analyze and evaluate credit risk: AI has the ability to analyze and process huge amounts of data quickly and accurately, helping financial institutions evaluate credit risk and make decisions for customers. Borrow more effectively. Machine learning models can analyze thousands of factors to predict customers' ability to repay debt, thereby helping to minimize bad debt risks.

 Automated trading and investing: AI systems can be used to perform automated trading and investing in financial markets. AI algorithms can analyze market data, identify trends and investment opportunities, and execute transactions quickly and efficiently, far beyond human capabilities.

 Detect financial fraud: With the ability to analyze big data and recognize unusual patterns, AI can help detect fraudulent financial activities, such as credit card fraud, money laundering, and fraud accountant. Machine learning models can be trained to identify signs of fraud and promptly alert financial institutions.

 Financial consulting and wealth management: AI can be used to provide financial consulting and wealth management services to individual and institutional customers. AI systems can analyze factors such as financial goals, risk appetite, and market data to make appropriate investment and asset management recommendations.

 Improved customer experience: Virtual assistants and chatbots equipped with AI can provide 24/7 customer support, answering customer questions and requests quickly and effectively. This helps improve customer experience and increase the operational efficiency of financial institutions.

 Risk management and compliance: AI can help financial institutions manage risk and comply with regulations more effectively. Machine learning models can

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analyze transaction data, identify unusual patterns and flag suspicious activities, helping to reduce risk and ensure regulatory compliance.

Applying artificial intelligence (AI) in the financial sector brings many advantages, but also faces some limitations. Here are some points to consider:

 Enhanced performance and speed: AI is capable of processing and analyzing large amounts of data in less time than humans. This enhances efficiency and speed in financial decision making.

 Accurate forecasting and prediction: AI models can be used to forecast financial market trends, helping investors and financial institutions make smart investment decisions.

 Optimize risk management: AI can analyze data and identify potential risks in financial activities, thereby helping to optimize risk management and protect the assets of organizations. position.

 Increased automation: AI systems can perform repetitive tasks and automate work in the financial sector, helping to reduce errors and operational costs.

 Fraud detection: AI can be used to detect fraudulent activities in finance, from fraudulent transactions to credit card fraud, helping protect consumers and organizations from financial loss .

 Dependence on data: To operate effectively, AI systems need to rely on accurate and sufficient data. Missing or inaccurate data can lead to unreliable or misleading results.

 Poor explainability: Some AI models, such as deep learning neural networks, can produce complex predictions that cannot be easily explained. This makes it difficult to understand AI's decision-making process, especially in cases of error or fraud detection.

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 Security risks: The use of AI in the financial sector can cause data security issues, including the risk of hacker attacks or leakage of important information.

 High initial investment costs: Building and deploying AI systems in the financial sector can require a large initial investment, from software development to training and system maintenance.

 Risk of job loss: Automation through AI could cause job loss for some in the financial sector, especially in jobs that are repetitive and easily automated.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the game in the financial services sector, delivering incredible improvements in customer experience, operational efficiency and risk management. According to statistics, AI has become a force that cannot be ignored, reshaping the way customers interact and improving service quality. Here are the important impacts of AI in the financial sector:<small>[ CITATION Liv24 \l 1033 ]</small>

Enhance customer experience:

 37% of consumers have received financial assistance from AI chatbots, providing convenience and real-time connection.

 78% of customers will continue to use the bank if provided with personalized content by AI.

 Statistics show that AI can increase customer satisfaction by 20% thanks to its ability to predict and meet needs.

 69% of consumers feel comfortable seeking advice from an AI virtual financial advisor.

Enhanced security and anti-fraud:

 AI has resulted in a significant 60% reduction in false positives in fraud alerts.  AI's predictive capabilities help detect unusual patterns and prevent suspicious

activities, strengthening financial security. Automate processes and increase efficiency:

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 36% of organizations use AI for robotic process automation (RPA).

 Process automation helps increase transaction speed and efficiency, from loan approval to instant money transfers.

Improve compliance and reduce costs:

 AI helps some executives reduce compliance-related costs by 10% or more.

 Automate tasks like monitoring transactions and flagging anomalies, ensuring customer interactions stay within legal boundaries.

Support employees and increase productivity:

 70% of employees believe AI enhances job satisfaction by eliminating repetitive tasks.

 Collaboration between humans and AI enables employees to focus on value-added activities, driving innovation and meaningful interactions.

Forecast for the future:

 Statistics predict that 95% of customer interactions will be driven by AI by 2025.  This is a future filled with endless possibilities, where innovation blends perfectly

with customer centricity.

AI is becoming an unmissable force in the financial services sector, delivering incredible improvements in customer experience, operational efficiency, risk management and compliance. As AI continues to advance, it will reshape the way financial services are delivered, introducing new standards of customer satisfaction and providing a competitive advantage to financial institutions that embrace innovation. this innovation.

<b>1.2.3. In automation and the job market</b>

Artificial intelligence (AI) is bringing about profound changes in the way work is automated and the structure of the labor market. While AI opens up many new

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opportunities and potential, it also poses significant challenges and risks in terms of its impact on jobs and the global workforce.

Impact of AI on automation:

 Increase productivity and production efficiency: AI has the ability to automate many production steps and processes, reduce dependence on direct labor and improve operational efficiency. This helps optimize resources, reduce costs and increase profits for businesses.

 Detect and prevent risks: Thanks to the ability to analyze big data and recognize patterns, AI can predict and warn of potential risks in production, operations or transaction processes. This helps people make accurate and timely decisions to prevent risks from occurring.

 Replace job roles: AI is gradually replacing job roles that involve tasks that are repetitive, routine, or do not require too much complex thinking. Machine operations, simple data processing, and many administrative tasks are likely to be automated by AI.

 Creates new jobs: Besides replacing some existing jobs, AI also opens up new job opportunities in the design, development, deployment and maintenance of AI systems, as well as work related to data analysis and management of these systems.

 Automate repetitive work: AI helps free up human time and resources by automating tasks that are repetitive, routine, and do not require too much complex thinking. This allows employees to focus on more strategic, creative and value-added activities.

Impact of AI on the job market:

 Changing the structure of the job market: AI is creating profound changes in the structure and human resource needs of many different occupations. Traditional jobs may be replaced, while new jobs related to AI and technology will become more and more important.

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 Creates new jobs: While AI may eliminate some existing jobs, it also opens up many new job opportunities in fields related to the development, deployment and operation of AI systems , as well as jobs related to data analysis and AI management.

 Changing existing job roles: AI will change existing job roles, automating many repetitive and uncomplicated tasks, thereby freeing up time for employees to engage in more mundane activities. strategic, creative and higher value-added activities.

 Impact on the workforce: According to estimates by the International Labor Organization (ILO), about 7% of the total global workforce is at risk of losing jobs due to automation and AI by 2030. Although However, this figure is likely to be higher in developed economies and some emerging markets, with around 60% of jobs affected.

To respond to the changes brought about by AI, countries and businesses need a strategy to train and retrain the workforce, focusing on developing new skills suitable for the AI era. At the same time, there needs to be appropriate policies and regulations to protect labor rights and ensure fairness and inclusion during the transition process.

Applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) to automation and the job market brings both distinct advantages and disadvantages, as follows:

 Enhance efficiency and productivity: AI can automate many repetitive and time-consuming tasks, helping to increase productivity and reduce working time.

 Reduce costs: Automating workflows can reduce costs by requiring less human resources and fewer errors, while increasing operational efficiency.

 Free employees from monotonous tasks: Employees can shift their focus to more complex and higher-value tasks, helping to create a diverse and creative work environment.

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 Increase prediction and risk management: AI can analyze big data and predict trends or risks in the market, helping businesses and organizations have smarter strategies and decisions.

 Creation of new jobs: While it may reduce some traditional jobs, the adoption of AI also opens up opportunities for the growth of new jobs in areas such as technology development and management WHO.

 Job loss for non-skilled workers: Automation can lead to job loss for people doing simple and repetitive tasks without special skills.

 Privacy and information security risks: Automation can create risks related to the disclosure of personal information or sensitive data if not carefully managed and protected.

 Dependence on technology and techniques: If AI systems have problems or are not updated regularly, it can pose risks to business operations and the labor market.  Social impact and ethical issues: Automation could widen the gap between rich

and poor and raise concerns about fairness and ethics in the labor market.

 Ability to change labor market structure: AI can create major fluctuations in the structure and distribution of labor, causing new challenges for individuals and businesses.

<b>1.2.4. Accounting</b>

 Manual, repetitive work: AI can automate many manual accounting tasks such as recording, reconciling, preparing financial reports,... helping to save time and improve efficiency. fruit.

 Analysis and control: With the ability to process big data, AI can quickly analyze financial data, identify unusual patterns and signs to accurately warn of risks and fraud. more fleshly than humans.

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 Consulting and decision making: AI can advise and make suggestions on financial decisions based on data analysis and machine learning models, helping accountants make more informed decisions.

 Accounting standards and compliance: AI can easily update and apply new accounting standards and regulations, ensuring higher compliance.

<b>1.2.5. Language</b>

 Translation: AI systems have very good natural language translation capabilities, helping people communicate, work and access information around the world more easily.

 Natural Language Processing (NLP): AI-based NLP applications can understand, analyze and synthesize natural language (text, voice) helping to automate many tasks such as summarizing text text, answer questions, recognize emotions,...  Writing support: AI can assist humans in drafting, editing and creating text content

more quickly and effectively.

 Language learning: AI applications in language teaching and learning such as analyzing pronunciation errors, providing personalized feedback, and virtual reality learning environments have helped significantly improve language learning abilities

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<b>Chapter 2: Current status of the impact of artificial intelligence on job opportunitiesand job automation</b>

<b>2.1. AI and job automation</b>

<b>2.1.1. Examples of industries and tasks affected by job automation</b>

Work automation is already impacting many specific occupations and tasks in a profound way. Here are some examples that illustrate this trend:<small>[ CITATION Ngu214 \l 1033 ]</small>

Industry: Industrial robots are being widely used to automate intensive manufacturing tasks. These large, heavy robots are placed in fixed positions in industrial plants, and all other workers' tasks and processes revolve around them. The use of robots helps increase productivity, while minimizing labor safety risks for humans. However, this also means that some traditional jobs will be replaced by automation. Factories need to balance economic efficiency and job security for workers.

Automobile industry: This industry has been hit hard by supply chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, before that, automation had a significant impact on the car manufacturing process. Robots and automated machinery have replaced many assembly steps previously performed by workers. This increases productivity, while ensuring greater quality and accuracy. However, direct labor demand in automobile production also decreased significantly.

Footwear and apparel industry: 43.3% of respondents reported "very significant" disruption due to the impact of COVID-19. However, even before the pandemic, automation was significantly affecting the industry. Many sewing, cutting and machining steps have been performed by modern machines, replacing traditional manual labor. This helps increase productivity and production efficiency, but also means that some traditional jobs are lost.

Factory workers: According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), 44% of factory workers are at risk of being replaced by robots. With the rise of industrial robotics, artificial intelligence and automation, many repetitive tasks previously

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