Bài giảng anh văn 2 eg09 2 Đại học mở hà nội

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CEFR.Level A1 – Unit 1 Trang 1

Simple Present - Be

Positive

am with the personal pronoun I

is with the personal pronouns he, she or it (or with the singular form of nouns) are with the personal pronouns we, you or they (or with the plural form of nouns)

Example: I am hungry

She is = She’s It is = It’s

You/We/They You are = You’re We are = We’re They are = They’re Negative

I He/she We/you/they

am not (I’m not) is not (isn’t) are not (aren’t)

a receptionist. Yes-No questions

Are you on vacation? Are you a student?

No, I’m not. I’m a student. Yes, I am.

Is Sarah from the United States? Is Sarah from Australia?

No, she isn’t. (No, she’s not). She’s from Australia.

Yes, she is. Are you and Tom in the same class?

Are you and Tom on the same volleyball team?

No, we aren’t. (No, we’re not). We’re on the same volleyball team.

Yes, we are. Are Mr. and Mrs. Tavares

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CEFR.Level A1 – Unit 1 Trang 2 Questions with question words

What’s your name? My name is Chuck. Where are you from? I’m from Taiwan. Who is that? His name is Tom. What’s her name? Her name is Amy. Where is she from? She’s from Korea.

Where are you from? We’re from the United States. Who are they? They’re Amy’s parents.

What are their names? Their names are Mr. and Mrs. Kim. Where are they from? They’re from Korea.

B: Yes, we ………. ………….. from Hoa Binh City.

2. Fill in the gap with appropriate form of the verb to be.

a. The manager ………in the office. b. The staff…………not at work today.

c. I ……… not in the marketing department. d. It………Saturday today.

e. Our room ……….on the fifth floor. f. You and your friends ……….. so nice. g. I ………very happy to work with you. h. The guest in room 205 …………very angry. i. Her room ……….very dirty.

j. Her slippers ………old.

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CEFR.Level A1 – Unit 1 Trang 3 3. Pair work

Read the following conversations. Then answer these questions. For questions you answer “no”, give the correct information.

Tom: Paula, who is that over there?

Paulo: Oh, that’s my father! And that’s my mother with him. Tom: I’d like to meet them.

Paulo: Mom and Dad, this is Tom Hayes. Tom, these are my parents. Tom: Pleased to meet you, Mr. And Mrs. Tavares.

Mrs. Tavares: Nice to meet you, Tom.

Paulo: My parents are here from Brazil. They’re on vacation. Tom: Oh, where are you from in Brazil?

Mr. Tavares: We’re from Rio. B

Sarah: Hi, Tom. How’s everything? Tom: Not bad. How are you? Sarah: Pretty good, thanks.

Tom: Sarah, this is Paulo. He’s from Brazil. Sarah: Hello Paulo. Are you on vacation? Paulo: No, I’m not. I’m a student here. Sarah: Oh, are you studying English?

Paulo: Well, yes, I am. And engineering, too. Sarah: Are you and Tom in the same class?

Paulo: No, we aren’t. But we’re on the same volleyball team. a. Are Tom and Paulo on the baseball team?

………. b. Are Mr. and Mrs. Tavares on vacation?

………. c. Are Mr. and Mrs. Tavares from Mexico?

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CEFR.Level A1 – Unit 1 Trang 4 ……….

d. Is Paulo from Brazil?

………. e. Is Paulo on vacation?

………. 4. Complete this conversation. Then compare with a partner.

Yoko: Rich, who are the two women over there?

Rich: Oh, ……….names are Lisa and Kate. Rich: Hi, Kate. This………Yoko.

……… from Japan. Yoko: Hello. Nice to meet you. Kate: Good to meet you, Yoko.

Lisa: And ……… name ……….. Lisa. Yoko: Hi, Lisa.

Rich: Lisa and Kate …………. from Canada. Yoko: Oh? Where ………….. you from in Canada?

5. Complete these questions. Then practice with a partner. a. A: ………… that ?

B: That’s Hung.

b. A: ………. ………. he from? B: He ‘s from Lang Son.

c. A: ……… ……… his last name? B: It’s Nguyen.

d. A: …….. ………… the two students over there? B: Their names are Hai and Quyen.

e. A: ……… ……….. they from? B: They’re from Quang Ninh.

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CEFR.Level A1 – Unit 1 Trang 5 6. Group work. Write five questions about your classmates. Then take turns asking and answering your questions.

Capitalizing Proper Nouns

A noun is a person, place, or thing. Nouns can be proper nouns or common nouns. A proper noun is the name of a person, place, or thing. Proper nouns are always capitalized. This means some or all of the words begin with capital letters.

A common noun is a word for any person, place, or thing. Common nouns are usually only capitalized at the beginning of a sentence.

Note: Many proper nouns have more than one word. Small words such as the and of

are not usually capitalized in proper nouns.

Exercise 1.7. Read the following text and capitalize the proper nouns. Chicago

I like the name of my city chicago, the city is in the state of illinois in the united states of america. The name comes from the native americans. The algonquins lived

on the chicago river. The word chigogou comes from their language. It means field of onions. A long time ago, onions grew next to the river and lake michigan. I like

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CEFR.Level A1 – Unit 1 Trang 6 the name because it is interesting. There is no other place in the world with the same name.

Writing sentences in simple present

When we write a sentence in English, there are two compulsory elements: the subject (S) and the verb (V). In some sentences there are only these two elements, nut in many other sentences, there may be other elements like: complement (C), object (O), and adverbial (A).

The basic sentence pattern we learn in this unit is: S + V (to be) + C/A.

A. Write sentences using the prompts below 1. old. I twenty-five years am

………. 2 Venezuela. are We from

………. 3 a I'm student. My is name and Anton

………. 4 today. a day It's nice

………. 5 Her brother's is Paul. name

………. 6 Britain. an is from John

………. 7 is Johansson. name My husband's

………. 8 of is My the top at address letter. new the

……….

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CEFR.Level A1 – Unit 1 Trang 7 B. Write around 60 words about a person you know. In your passage, include these points:

- Name - Nationality - Age

- Job - Family

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Vocabulary Building

Exercise 1.8. How do you answer the question: How are you? Put the correct

expressions in the chart.

OK. Great! Fine. Not so good. Pretty good Not bad.

Each country has an adjective describing its nationality. The nationality usually ends

in: an; tian, ish, ese.

Exercise 1.9.

1. Write the missing vowels (a, e, i, o, u) in these countries.

a. I taly e. G _ rm _ ny i. T _rk _ y b. Br _ z _ l f. _ gypt j. the _ K c. R _ ss _ _ g. _ _ str _ l _ _ k. Sp _ _ n d. the _ S _ h. M _ x _ c _ l. Ch _ n _ 2. Match these nationalities to the countries in 1.

German American British Mexican Spanish Turkish Italian Egyptian Chinese

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Listening for Main Ideas

Exercise 1.10. Listen to the conversations. Answer the questions. (Track 1.1)

- Conversation 1: Who are they? - Conversation 2: Where are they?

Listening for Details

Exercise 1.11. Listen to the conversations again and fill in the blanks. Then practice the conversations with a partner. (Track 1.1)

Anthony Hi. I'm Anthony. 1…………. to meet you.

Mrs. Davis My 2………..'s Mrs. Davis. Nice to meet you, too.

Anthony Are you from New York, Mrs. Davis?

Mrs. Davis Yes, I am. How about 3………..?

Anthony 4………. from Vancouver.

Mrs. Davis Hello, Anthony.

Anthony Oh, hi, Mrs. Davis. How 5…………. you? Mrs. Davis Not 6…………, thanks. How about you?

Mrs. Davis Well, class 8……… about to start, so please take your seat.

Anthony OH, uh ... sure thing!

Looking at the pictures before listening helps you have general idea(s) about the listening text.

When you look at the pictures, think of some questions like:

- How many people are there? Are they male or female? Are they kids, young, middle, or senior?

- Where are they?

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- What are they doing? - What are they wearing?

The answer to these questions will help you decide which picture to choose for the listening text.

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2. Listen again. Complete the sentences. Use the words in the box. (Track 1.2)

Tom Cruise a teacher Canada a student

a. Sara isn’t from the US. She’s from Canada.

b. John is ………. .

c. The man isn’t ……….. . He’s Brad Pitt.

d. Paula isn’t a businesswoman. She’s ………. .

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2…

Hi. I’m Andrei. I’m a doorman. I’m from Russia. This is the Ritz hotel. The hotel is very famous in all over the world. A lot of famous people are here with us. I’m happy because of that.

Names of people

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Vocabulary Skills Reasons for using a dictionary

A dictionary is a very important tool for anyone who is learning a new language. With a good dictionary you can do the following:

- look up the meaning of an English word you see or hear - find the English translation of a word in your language - check the spelling of a word

- check the plural of a noun or past tense of a verb - find out other grammatical information about a word - find the synonym or antonym of a word

- look up the collocations of a word - check the part of speech of a word - find out how to say a word

- find out about the register of a word

- find examples of the use of a word in natural language

To be a good dictionary user, however, it is not enough to know what to use the dictionary for. You must also decide which is the best dictionary for any of the purposes listed above. As well as this, you need to be able to find what you are looking for quickly; you need to be sure that you have found what you were looking

for; and, most importantly, you need to know when to use your dictionary.

Exercise 1.2. Check up these words in your dictionary, fill in the table.

Word Pronunciation Part of speech Meaning Example

1 name /neim/ noun tên Her name is Larisa.

2 company 3 small

4 teacher

5 hotel

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6 famous

7 France

8 friend 9 kind

10 son

Reading for Main Ideas

Exercise 1.3. Answer the questions underneath.

1. What are the three paragraphs about?

2. What should be the title for each paragraph?

Reading for Details

Exercise 1.4. Fill in the gap with an appropriate name

1. ………. from Costa Rica. 2. ……….. 5 years old.

3. ………... from marketing department.

5. ……….. is very famous.

Scanning is reading very quickly to find pieces of information in a text. For example, you scan a book for a name or a number. You move your eyes quickly over the text. You do not read every word. You look for the words or information you want.

Scanning can help you answer questions quickly. Follow these steps.

1. Read the question. Underline the important word or words in the question. 2. Scan the reading text for the words you underlined.

3. Circle the information you need in the reading text. 4. Write the answer to the question.

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Exercise 1.5. Read the following passage about Thanh – a staff in the Nikko

hotel and scan the text to quickly answer these questions.

I’m from Vietnam

Hi! My name is Thanh. I am a receptionist in the Nikko hotel. I am 28 years old. I am from Vietnam. I am married with a baby boy. He is 2 years old. He is very cute. His name is Long. My husband is a taxi driver. He is 34 years old. He is from Hanoi, too. He is very nice and manly. I am very happy about my family.

1. What is her job?

... 2. How old is she?

... 3. Where is from?

... 4. Is she married?

... 5. What is her son like?

... 6. What is her husband like?

...

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Simple Present – Ordinary verbs

Positive

Subject Main verb

I, you, we, they Like coffee. He, she, it Likes coffee.

1. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.

2. For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s(es) to the main verb.

Negative

Subject Auxiliary verb

Main verb

I, you, we, they don’t like coffee. He, she, it doesn’t like coffee.

Yes/No questions

Auxiliary verb

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Questions with question words

What do you do? Where do you work?

Where do you go to school? How do you like your school? Where does Andrea work? What does she do?

Where does Jason go to school? How does he like it?

I'm a student, and I have a part-time job. I work at/in a restaurant.

I go to the University of Texas. I like it very much.

She works for Thomas Cook Travel. She's a guide. She takes people on tours. He goes to New York University. He loves it.

We use the simple present tense when talking about:

 A present habit: I usually get up early.

 A fact She works in a bank.

 A truth The earth goes around the sun.

 A public timetable The train to Hanoi leaves the station at 9 pm today.

Exercise 2.13.

1. Circle the best answers. 1. She ___ four languages. a. speak b. speaks

2. Jane is a teacher. She ___ French. a. teach b. teaches

3. When the kettle ___, will you make some tea?

4. I always __ the window at night because it is cold.

a. close b. closes 5. Those shoes ___ too much.

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the morning.

a. open b. opens 18. The post office ___ at 5:30 pm. a. close b. closes 19. Jackie ___ two children now. a. has b. have

20. When the phone ___, please answer it.

a. ring b. rings 2. Complete these conversations. Then practice with a partner.

a. A: What ... you ... ? B: I'm a student. I study tourism.

A: And ... do you ... to school? B: I ... to Hanoi Open University. A: ... do you like your classes? B: I ... them a lot.

b. A: What... Huong do?

B: She's a teacher. She ….………...English at Hanoi Open University. A: And what about Dr. Thanh? Where... he work?

B: He also ... for Hanoi Open University. A: ... does he do, exactly?

B: He's the Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Tourism. He ... at the Bach Khoa campus.

Intonation of questions

Yes/No questions usually have rising intonation. Wh-questions usually have falling intonation

Listen and practice. (Track 1.3)

Do you like movies? Do you like pop music?

What kind of movies do you like? What kind of music do you like?

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Exercise 1.14. Mark the intonation in these sentences then practice them with a

partner.

Asking follow-up question

Follow-up questions are questions that ask for more information. You can ask

follow-up questions to keep a conversation going. A: are you interested in sport?

B: Yes, I like baseball.

A: Oh, what’s your favorite team?

B: I like the Seattle Mariners.

A: Do you have a favorite player?

Asking follow-up questions helps make your conversations more interesting, and helps you learn more about people you meet.

Exercise 1.15. Read the information in Sanjay and Anita’s profiles. Then

complete their conversation below by writing Sanjay’s follow-up questions.

Do you like TV?

Do you like music videos?

What videos do you like? What programs do you like?

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Sanjay: Hi, I’m Sanjay.

Anita: Nice to meet you, Sanjay. I’m Anita. Sanjay: Where ……….., Anita?

Introduction

A. Match the questions and the answers.

1 What are your names? E a We’re from Australia 2 How old is he? b Not bad, thanks. And you? 3 Where are you from? c No, she isn’t. she’s my sister.

5 Is she your girl friend? e He’s Eric, and I’m Nancy.

B. Pair work. Complete the conversations. Then practice them with a friend.

a. A Hi, Jane! How are you? b. A Hi, my name’s Brian. …………? B Hey, Alex! I’m fine. ………. ? B I’m Nancy.

B ……… guy over there? B I’m from Canada. ………….. ? A ……….. my brother. A I’m from England.

C. Script a conversation between two international students. The two students should introduce as much as possible about themselves.

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What do you do?

I get up I go to bed I leave work I get home I stay up I wake up

at 7:00 around ten early late

until midnight before/after noon

in the morning in the evening in the afternoon at night

on Saturdays. on Sundays.

on weekdays. on weeknights. on weekends. on Fridays.

Exercise 2.8.

1. Complete these sentences with time expressions.

a. I get up ... six ... the morning ………. weekdays. b. I go to bed ... midnight ... weeknights.

c. I start work ... 11:30 ... night.

d. I arrive at work ... Mondays, ...7:00 A.M.

e. I have lunch ... three ... the afternoon ……… weekdays. f. I stay up ... ………… weekends.

g. I have a little snack ... 9:00 ... the evening. h. I sleep ... noon ... Sundays.

2. Rewrite the sentences above so that they are true for you. Then compare with a partner.

3. Pair work. Take turns asking and answering these questions. a. What days do you get up early? late?

b. What are two things you do before 8:00 in the morning? c. What are three things you do on Saturday mornings?

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e. What is something you do only on Sundays?

Many words in English have synonym(s) (words with the same meaning). Some pairs of synonyms are presented below:

seat/chair simple/easy mad/angry ill/sick tiny/little

stone/rock large/big huge/big skinny/thin enjoy/like

hop/jump shut/close loud/noisy begin/start finish/end

tidy/clean silent/quiet chat/talk naughty/bad weird/strange

clever/smart difficult/hard friendly/kind middle/centre late/tardy

Exercise 2.9. Use the words in the box to find synonyms for the italicized words.

close strange

noisy

quiet start end

smart center hard

kind talk clean

1. The room was very tidy.

8. Jenny is quite clever. She can probably answer the question.

9. The night was silent. I couldn’t even hear the wind.

10. The students were so loud that I couldn’t hear the teacher. 11. Do you know what time the movie will finish?

12. There was a ghost in the middle of the room.

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Listening for Main Ideas

Exercise 2.10. Listen and answer the questions. (Track 2.1)

1. What is Helen’s job?

………. 2. Does she have easy or hard job? Why?

……….

Listening for Details

Exercise 2.11. Listen and fill in the blanks. (Track 2.1)

Daniel: How do you spend your day, Helen?

Helen: Well, on 1……… I get up around 2………... Then I read the paper for an hour and 3………… at about 4…………...

Daniel: Really? What time do you go to work? Helen: I 5………….. work at 6…………..

Daniel: And when do you get home at night?

Helen: I get home pretty 7……….., around 8……….

Daniel: So what do you do, exactly?

Helen: I'm a 9………….. announcer. Don't you recognize me? I do

the weather report on KNTV!

Daniel: Gee, I'm sorry. I 10…………. watch TV.

Key words and phrases tell you the important information about a topic. Speakers often repeat key words and phrases more than once. Listening for key words and phrases can help you get the topic of the conversation.

Example: Listen to Daniel describe how he spends his day. Answer the questions

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Exercise 2.12. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions. (Track 2.3)

1. What is the topic of the conversation?

………. 2. In which field does Andrea work?

………. 3. What is her job?

………. 4. Does Jason work?

………. 5. Where does he work?

……….

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What do you do?

Read the texts and do the activities that follow.

What Do You Do?

This week - Chuck Hartman and Helen Reed

Chuck Hartman is a zookeeper in New York City. He works with lions, tigers, and other big cats. Chuck also works with animals from Australia.

"I work with some very beautiful animals," says Chuck. "Some of them are dangerous, but they know me, and they like me-I think!" Does Chuck like his job? "Do I like my job?" Chuck smiles. "No, I don’t like my job. I love my job!”

Helen Reed is a window washer in London, England. She washes the windows on tall office buildings in the city center. She cleans windows eight hours a day, five days a week. "One of the buildings is 40 floors high, and there are more than 5,000 windows," says Helen. "Cleaning the windows is like climbing down a mountain, and the view of London is fantastic."

Is she happy at her work? "Happy?" she says. "I'm delighted! It's the best job in the world!"

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Vocabulary Skills Word forms

The names of the jobs in English are usually end in:

- er: teacher, cleaner - or: doctor, professor - ant: assistant, accountant - cian: musician, politician - man: policeman, chairman

Exercise 2.2. Find at least 5 more jobs for each ending, make sure you can

pronounce them.

er

or

ant cian

man

Tom

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Reading for Main Ideas

Exercise 2.3. Answer the questions about Chuck Hartman and Helen Reed.

1. What is Chuck’s job?

... 2. Does he like his job?

... 3. What is Helen’s job?

... 4. Does she like her job?

...

Reading for Details

Exercise 2.4. Read the article. Check () True or False

True False

1. Chuck and Helen work in the same country.   2. Chuck works with lions and tigers.   3. Chuck works in Australia.   4. Helen washes the windows of very tall building.   5. Helen climbs mountains at work.   6. Helen thinks her job is boring.  

Good readers preview a text (for example, an article, a Web page, or a story) before reading it. They look quickly at the text and its different parts.

This helps them understand it. Here are some tips to help you preview. - Read the title. The title is the name of the text.

- Read the headings. A heading is a short line of the text (like the title). It tells what a section is about. Often there is a heading above each section.

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- Look at any pictures and their captions. A caption is the text under the picture.

Exercise 2.5. This is a web page for people who are looking for work. Preview

the web page. Then complete the sentences.

1. This is the web page of a ……… .

a. university b. career centre c. newspaper 2. The young person wants to find ……… .

a. a job b. a school c. an office 3. The web page has ….. steps.

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was on holiday last week.

I/he/she/it

wasn’t at home yesterday

We/you/they

Thailand last year.

We/you/they

weren’t happy about that.

Were you at home last night? Yes, I was.

No, I was not (wasn’t).

Was she the chairwoman? Yes, she was.

No, she was not (wasn’t).

Last year he was 22, so he is 23 now. When I was a child, I wasn’t afraid of dog.

The weather was perfect when we were on holiday last month. You were late again yesterday.

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try => tried study => studied copy => copied stop => stopped plan => planned

I/we/you/they/he/she/it visited

didn’t visit

their home town last summer.

Did you watch the TV program last night?

Yes, I did.

No, I did not (didn’t).

Did she watch the TV program last night?

Yes, she did.

No, she did not (didn’t).

They lived in Vietnam from 2003 to 2009. He traveled to Laos with his girlfriend. They worked hard to build their country.

Irregular verbs

Some verbs have their own simple past form:

build =>built go => went drink => drank pay => paid say => said tell => told

I/we/you/they/he/she/it Went didn’t go

to see the beautiful, big lake.

Did they tell you the story? Yes, they did.

No, they did not (didn’t).

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Did he tell you the story? Yes, he did.

No, he did not (didn’t).

They built the citadel 2000 years ago.

Farmers usually fought as soldiers when there was a war. They dug a big lake near the village.

Notes: We use ago, yesterday, last with the simple past.

B: No, we ………. We ………in the mountains for a few days. A: And how ……… the weather? ……… it good?

B: No, it ……… good at all. The city ……… very hot, and the mountains ……… really cold!

2. Fill in the table

a. Write the past tense of these regular verbs.

1. cook 2. enjoy 3. invite

cooked

---

4. love 5. study 6. try

---

7. visit 8. wash 9. watch

---

---b. Write the simple form of these irregular past tense verbs.

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Buy

---

---bought gave read saw

---

---slept spent took went

c. Choose three of the verbs above and write sentences about the past.

1. ________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________

3. Read about Lisa’s journey to Madrid. Put the verb in the correct form.

Last Tuesday Lisa (fly) ……….. from London to Madrid. She (get) ……….. up at 6 in the morning and (have) ……….. a cup of coffee. At 6.30 she (leave) ……….. home and (drive) ……….. to the airport. When she (arrive) ……….. , she (park) ……….. the car and then (go) ……….. to the airport café where she (have) ……… a cup of coffee. Then she (go) ……….. through the passport control and (wait) ……….. for her flight. The plane (depart) ……….. on time and (arrive) ……….. in Madrid two hours later. Finally, she (take) ……….. a taxi from the airport to her hotel in the central of Madrid.

Ed in simple past

There are three ways to pronounce the ending “ed”.

/t/: if the word ends in one of these sounds: /p, k, tʃ, f, θ, s, ʃ / /id/: if the word ends in one of these sounds: /d, t/

/d/: if the word ends in the other sounds.

Exercise 2.14. Listen to the following words. Put them in the correct column. (Track 2.4)

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planted landed worked caused planned laughed added folded treated counted started watched closed opened cooked

Asking for clarification

When you listen, sometimes you need to ask the speaker to repeat information. Here are some phrases you can use when you don’t hear or understand something well.

I’m sorry… I didn’t catch that. Could you say that again, please? Could you repeat that? Do you mean …?

Exercise 2.15. Listen to the conversation. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with these words. (Track 2.5)

say repeat again could please 1. Could you ……… that ………, please?

2. I’m ………?

3. Sorry, ……… you …………. that, please?

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Role play a job interview

In a job interview, the interviewer usually asks you about your experience (things you do in the past). Prepare to talk about your experience well in advance is advised. You should think about:

- where you studied - what you studied - how long you studied - where you worked

- what you did in your last job(s)

A. Practice the conversation below with a partner

A: Please sit down, Mr. Smith. Did you bring your application? B: Oh, no. I completed it online, and I emailed it. Is it OK?

A: Oh, yes. Here it is. I printed it this morning… OK. Can you tell me a little about yourself?

B: Yes, I graduated from Franklin High school in 2010. I wanted to get some work experience before college. So, I joined a computer training program.

A: I see. Did you finish the program? B: Yes, I finished it last week.

B. Pair work.

Work in pairs, one is the interviewer and the other is the interviewee. You can make up the information for your experience. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the simple past.

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Verbs + infinitives

Some verbs and expressions are followed by an infinitive.

What are you going to do after graduation? I’m (not) going to get a job right away. I (don't) plan to get my own apartment. I (don't) want to live with my parents. I hope to get a new car.

I’d like to travel this summer. I’d love to move to a new city.

Exercise 2.6. Ask and answer these questions with your partner.

1. What other languages would you like to learn? 2. What countries would you like to live in? Why? 3. What countries wouldn't you like to live in? Why? 4. Do you want to get a part-job?

5. What kind of job do you hope to get? 6. What age do you plan to get married? 7. What age do you want to retire?

8. Do you plan to move to the countryside or another city after graduation? 9. Do you plan to have a big family?

Writing complete sentences

Every sentence needs a subject and a verb. The subject (S) is who or what the

sentence is about. The verb (V) tells what the subject does (action) or what the

subject thinks, feels, or is (state).

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He follows directions very well. His work is excellent.

Travel agents get low-priced tickets. They like travelling. S V S V

A sentence with no subject or no verb is not complete. It is a sentence fragment.

 She likes her new job.

Likes her new job. (no subject)  A carpenter is at my house.

A carpenter at my house. (no verb)

Always check your writing and ask: Does this sentence have a subject? Does this sentence have a verb? A complete sentence must have a subject and a verb.

Exercise 2.7. Read the sentences about truck drivers. Mark the subjects (S) and

the verbs (V) as in the example.

a. A truck driver works in a truck. S V

b. He drives up to 11 hours a day.

c. Truck drivers travel very far over many days.

d. They sleep in a special bed in the truck.

e. The company pays the driver for the number of miles.

f. A driver needs to arrive on time.

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Describing jobs

A. Complete the word map with jobs from the list.

architect receptionist company director flight attendant supervisor engineer

salesperson secretary professor sales manager security guard word processor

B. Match the information in columns A, B, and C.

a salesperson for an airline builds houses a chef in a restaurant cares for patients a flight attendant for a construction company answers the phone a carpenter in a hospital cooks food

a receptionist in a department store serves passengers

C. Pair work

Take turns describing each person's job.

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"She's a salesperson. She works in a department store. She sells clothes."

D. Write 10 sentences describing your job and your family members’ jobs.

……….………. ………. ………. ………. ………. ………. ………. ………. ……….

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