Tài liệu học tiếng anh chuyên ngành du lịch 5 hm14 Đại học mở hà nội

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B. System

………

C. Delivery

………

D. Body language

………

E. Visual aids

………

2. How important it is to have a good introduction at a presentation? What makes a good introduction?

………

II. Introduction

1. Which of the items on the checklist below would you include in the introduction to

A. An internal presentation to colleagues/students? B. An internal presentation to bosses/teachers? C. An external presentation to tourists?

Checklist

 Your name and position

 The title/subject of your presentation  The purpose of your presentation

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2  The length of time you will take

 The main parts or points you will cover - outline  Any visual aids you will use

 When the audience may ask questions  A reference to the audience: a human touch

2. Decide if the following extracts come from the internal or external presentation and complete the table:

A. My name’s Gorden MacNaughton. I’m the new finance manager and I hope you won’t

give me too hard a time!

B. Ladies and gentlemen. It’s an honor to have the opportunity of addressing such a

G. I plan to take only 10 minutes of your time this morning.

H. During the next half-hour, you will hear about a wide range of research.

I. I’ve divided up my presentation into three parts: firstly, we’ll look at the level of savings

which we need to make; secondly, I’ll run through the options open to us; and, finally, I’ll be presenting my recommended course of action.

J. The subject can be looked at under two headings: firstly, the definition of this kind of

diet; and secondly…

K. We have 10 minutes allotted for questions following the presentation. L. Feel free to interrupt me at any time.

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3. Put the following expressions into the correct style of introduction:

a, c, d, e, h, k, o, p b,f, g, i, j, l, m, n a. Erm, perhaps we should begin.

b. Ok, let’s get started.

c. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. d. On behalf of …, may I welcome you to … e. My name’s …

f. Thanks for coming. g. I’m.

h. For those of you who don’t know me already, I’m responsible for… i. As you know, …

j. I’m in charge of…

k. This morning I’d like to discuss with you about …

l. What I want to do this morning is talk to you about/tell you about… m. Feel free to ask any questions you like as we go along.

n. And don’t worry, there’ll be plenty of time left over for questions at the end. o. If you have any questions you’d like to ask, I’ll be happy to answer them.

p. Perhaps we can leave any questions you may have until the end of the presentation.  How happy would you be taking questions a) during your presentation? b) at the end?

Practice: Make an introduction for a presentation topic of your interest.

How you begin your presentation depends on how formal the situation is. Most audiences prefer a relatively informal approach.

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1.2. Stating your purpose 1

1.2. Below you will find a number of ways of stating your purpose of your presentation.

Complete them using the words given. Combining the sentences with those numbered 1 will give you a complete introduction. Then do the same with those numbered 2, etc. Listen to the

audio to check your answers.

OK, let’s get started. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for coming. I’m …. This morning I’m going to be:

showing talking taking reporting telling

1. to you about the videophone project.

2. you about the collapse of the housing market in the early 90s. 3. you how to deal with late payers.

4. a look at the recent boom in virtual reality software companies. 5. on the results of the market study we carried out in Australia.

… so, I’ll begin by:

making outlining bringing giving filling

1. you in on the background to the project.

2. a few observations about the events leading up to that collapse. 3. company policy on bad debt.

4. you an overview of the history of VR.

5. you up-to-date on the latest findings of the study.

… and then I’ll go on to:

put discuss make highlight talk

1. what I see as the main advantages of the new system. 2. the situation into some kind of perspective.

3. you through our basic debt management procedure. 4. detailed recommendations regarding our own R&D.

5. in more depth implications of the data in the fields in front of you.

Practice: Prepare to introduce and state the purpose of a presentation of your own by completing the notes below. Then present your introduction.

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Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone.

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1.3. Stating your purpose 2

Task. Cross out the verbs which do not fit in the following presentation extracts.

1.First of all, I’d like to preview/ overview/ outline the main points of my talk.

2. Perhaps I should start off by pointing/ stressing/ reminding that this is just a preliminary

report. Nothing has been finalized as yet.

3. But later on I will, in fact, be putting forward/ putting out/ putting over several detailed

proposals.

4. One thing I’ll be dealing with/ referring/ regarding is the issue of a minimum wage. 5. And I’ll also be asking/ raising/ putting the question of privatization.

6. So, what we’re really driving at/ aiming at/ looking at are likely developments in the

structure of the company over the next five to ten years.

7. If we could just draw/ focus/ attract our attention on the short term objectives to begin

13. The basic message I’m trying to get through/ get across/ get to here is simple. We can’t

rely on government support for much longer.

14. Disappointing end-of-year figures underline/ undermine/ underestimate the

seriousness of the situation.

15. And the main conclusion we’ve thought/ got to/ come to is that massive corporate

restructuring will be necessary before any privatization can go through.

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1.4. Effective Openings

1.4. Look at the presentation openings below and divide them under three headings:

Problems Amazing facts Stories What do you think each presentation was about?

1. Did you know that Japanese companies spend about four times more on entertaining clients in a year than the entire GDP of Bulgaria? 40 billion dollars, to be precise. You know, that’s twice Colombia’s total foreign debt. You could buy General Motors for the same

money.

2. Suppose your advertising budget was cut by 99% tomorrow. How would you go about

promoting your product?

3. According to the latest study, by 2050 only one of in every four people in Western Europe

will be going to work. And two will be old age pensioners.

4. You know, R&D is 90% luck. When I think about creativity, I’m reminded of the man

who invented the microwave oven. He spent years messing around with radar transmitters, then noticed the chocolate in his pocket was starting to melt!

5. Statistics show that in the last ten years more people have legally emigrated to the United States than to the rest of the world put together – about half a million of them a year, in fact. Now, over ten years, that’s roughly equivalent to the population of Greece.

6. Have you ever wondered why it is that Americans are easier to sell to than Europeans? And why nine out of ten sales gurus are American? You have? Well, if I could show you what stops Europeans buying, would you be interested?

7. I read somewhere the other day that the world’s highest paid executive works for Disney and gets $230 million per year. Now that’s about $2000 a minute! That means he’s currently

making more money than Volkswagen.

8. How many people here this morning hate going to meetings? Just about everybody, right? Well, imagine a company where there were never any meetings and everything ran smoothly? Do you think that’s possible?

9. ... Have you ever been in the situation where you’ve had to negotiate with the Japanese? I remember when I was

working in Nagoya and everybody had told me the Japanese don’t like saying no. So in

Communications experts are all agreed that the first three minutes of a presentation are the most

important. They talk about ‘hooks’ – simple

techniques for getting the Immediate attention of the audience.

A good start makes you feel more confident. Here’s how the experts suggest you ‘hook’ your audience:

1. Give them a problem to think about. 2. Give them some amazing facts.

3. Give them a story or personal anecdote.

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meetings I just kept saying yeah to everything. And they hated it. It turned out yeah

sounds like no in Japanese!

Practice:

Use the frames below to help you prepare effective openings, using the problem, amazing facts, or story technique. Whatever technique you choose, prepare your opening carefully. You should always know exactly how you are going to start.

 ... Problem technique 1. ... Suppose

How would you ... ?

2. ... Have you ever wondered why it is that ... ?

You have? Well, if I could show you ... would you be interested? 3. How many of people here this morning/ afternoon/ evening ? Well, imagine ... Do you think it’s possible?  Amazing facts technique 1. Did you know that ... ?

2. According to the latest study, ...

3. Statistics show that ...

4. I read somewhere the other day that ...

 Story/ Anecdote technique 1. You know, ...

When I think about ...

I’m reminded of ...

2. Have you ever been in the situation where ... ?

I remember when ...

It turned out ... .

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1.5. Dealing with nervousness

Read this article from a website on business communication and discuss the questions which follow.

Over to you

 What other tips can you think of for dealing with nervousness?  How do you deal with nervousness before or during a presentation?  How do you prepare your presentations?

Dealing with nervousness

The American author Mark Twain once put it like this: 'There are two types of people: those that are nervous and those that are liars.' So, once you accept that (almost) everybody who gives a presentation -whether formal or informal, long or short, to strangers or colleagues, is nervous, then you just need to find ways to deal with nervousness and even learn how to use it to your advantage.

Let's first look at ways to deal with and reduce nervousness.

1. Prepare well. ‘Failing to prepare is preparing to fail.’ Preparation is the key to a

2. Learn to relax. Doing stretching or breathing exercises before your talk can help

you to reduce nervousness.

One example: before your presentation, sit comfortably with your back straight.

Breathe in slowly, hold your breath for about five seconds, then slowly exhale. You can relax your facial muscles by opening your eyes and mouth wide, then closing them tightly.

3. Check out the room. Make yourself familiar with the place where you will be

speaking. Arrive early, walk around the room, and make sure everything you need for your talk is there. Practice using any equipment (e.g. microphone, video projector, OHP) you plan to work with.

4. Know your audience. If possible, greet your audience as they arrive and chat with

them. It will be easier to speak to people who are not complete strangers.

5. Concentrate on the message. Try to focus on the message and your audience - not

on your own fears.

6. Visualize success. Imagine yourself speaking to your audience in a loud and clear

voice. Then visualize the audience applauding loudly at the end of your talk as you smile.

Use the steps above to reduce nervousness, but also remember that being nervous isn't all bad. Many experienced presenters say that you can also use your nervousness to give you that extra energy that you need to give a good performance.

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UNIT 2: Linking the parts

1.1. Signposting

Task 1. Choose one of the ‘signpost’ expressions from the box above for the following situations:

1. When you want to make your next point. To ………

2. When you want to change direction. To ………

3. When you want to refer to an earlier point. To ………

4. When you want to repeat the main points. To ………

5. When you want to give a wider perspective. To ………

6. When you want to do a deeper analysis. To ………

7. When you just want to give the basics. To ………

8. When you want to depart from your plan. To ………

9. When you want to finish your talk. To ………

Task 2. (audio) These nine basic signposts are all you need, but you have to remember them automatically. Listen to your cassette or your teacher. When you hear an instruction, for example, make your next point, write the correct phrase: 1. ………..

1. Moving on / question / the US market,

Moving on to the question of the US market,

2. Expand / the figures / last year,

In a good presentation, what you say – the content – is much more important than anything else. But a clear structure helps. When you move on to your next point or change direction, tell the audience.

You can do this easily and effectively, using simple phrases as ‘signposts’ to guide the audience through your presentation:

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. . . 3. I'd like / recap / the main points.

. . . 4. Let's go back / question / clinical research methods.

. . . 5. Digress / a moment, let's consider / alternatives.

. . . 6. Going back / a moment / the situation last year,

. . . 7. Let's turn now / our targets / the next five years.

. . . 8. I'd like / turn now / our projections / year 2005.

. . . 9. Go back / the main reason / our collaboration / the Germans,

. . . 10. I'd like / expand / that / little, before we move on.

. . . 11. Let's go back / a moment / what we were discussing earlier.

. . . 12. Let me expand / some / the main points / our proposal.

. . . 13. Elaborate / that / little / those of you / aren't familiar / Russian business practices, . . . 14. If I could just move on / some / the problems we face'/ Central / Latin America, . . . 15. I'd like / conclude / I may / repeating what I said / the beginning / this presentation. . . .

Present the signpost sentences above until you feel comfortable saying them.

Task 4. (audio 14) An expert is talking about the Traffic Support Centre (TSC) in her city. Listen to the talk and put the points below in the order she mentions them.

a. what the TSC does (main activities) b. how traffic data is collected

с. why the TSC was started

d. how motorists benefit from the system e. how traffic information is given to motorists

Neat, short signposts are more effective than long explanations of the structure of your

presentation. Remember, the simplest way to signpost the end of one stage of your presentation and the beginning of the next is to say:

OK. So,….

[Grabyourrea[Grabyourre[Grabyourr[Grabyour[Grabyour

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Task 5. Now listen to the presentation again and complete the sentences.

OK,_______________________ 1 the background and the reason we developed the programme.

Any questions? OK. So,____________________________ 2to the next point and take a closer look at the Traffic Support Centre itself. ___________________________ 3, the TSC was set up in 2001 to help traffic flow more smoothly, and basically to make the lives of motorists easier. In this part of my presentation________________________ 4 you about the centre’s activities, how we work exactly and how motorists benefit from our services.

So,______________________________ 5 a brief overview of the TSC’s activities. Our main activities are to collect, analyse, and communicate traffic information. After collecting traffic data from a number of different sources, we analyse them and then we inform the media, the police, or other authorities, and - last but not least - the motorists. (...)

This now leads us to ________________________ 6. How does the TSC collect data? Traffic-monitoring equipment has been installed across the main traffic routes, which helps us gather real-time information on traffic speed and traffic flow. Additionally, we use variable traffic sensors and cameras. We also work together with other partners and authorities, for example the police, traffic officers, and the media. Let me show you a few examples of how this works. (...) ________________________ 7 collecting data.

________________________ 8 to the next issue. How do we communicate information to motorists? We do this in a number of ways: by using electronic road signs, the Internet and radio, and state-of-the-art telephone technology. (...)

Let me now come back to ________________________ 9. The TSC wants to make the lives of motorists easier. So, in what ways does the motorist benefit? Well,... first: through real-time information about the traffic situation. Second, through better advice about alternative routes. Third, through safer roads and less driver stress.

Task 6. Complete this box of useful phrases with highlighted phrases from the presentation in Task 5.

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Task 7. Make ‘signpost’ sentences using elements from each column.

1. Before 1 move on to my next point,

come back to next question.

3. This leads let me go this question later.

4. Let’s now turn to we were discussing our new sales strategies. 5. As 1 mentioned to the next a brief overview of our

activities. 6. I’d like to before, I’d like to give you earlier.

7. Let’s go back to what us directly to my through the main issues once more.

8. As 1 said earlier, I’ll be focusing on of customer service.

Task 8. Complete the sentences with words from the box. SIGNPOSTING

Saying what is coming

1. In this part of my presentation, I’d like to tell you about …

2. ………

Moving on to the next point

This leads directly to the next part of my talk.

3. ……… 4. ……… 5. ………

Indicating the end of a section

This brings me to the end of my second point.

6. ……… 7. ………

I’d like to sum up the main points.

Let me briefly summarize what I’ve said so far.

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1 Let me now summarize the___________________.

2 We will be___________________our sales targets today.

3 In my talk I’ll____________________ you about new marketing techniques. 4 Before I move on, let me just___________________what Pve said so far. 5 I think we have___________________everything for today.

6 OK, that’s all I ________________________ to say about time management. 7 This___________________directly to my second point.

8 Let’s go______________ 1 to what I said at the beginning of my presentation.

Task 9. Write the sentences using expressions with as and the information in the

notes. Add missing words where necessary.

1. we/no budget for new software/this year (I mentioned this before)

As I mentioned before, we have no budget for new software this year.

2. Tony Dale/new marketing manager/print media (you all know this already)

……… 3. can’t operate from local airport/because no permission (I said this at the beginning of my talk)

………4. choose between two options (I explained this ten minutes ago)

……… 5. sales have increased/ 10 % since beginning of year (you can see this on the slide) ………

Task 10. (Track 15) A manager is updating her group on some problems they’ve been having with one of the company’s product lines. Listen to this excerpt from her

informal presentation and say whether the following sentences are true or false. Correct the false sentences.

1 The company is having problems with their new men’s cosmetic products. 2 The problems are in three areas: supply, distribution, and production. 3 She identifies two problems in the area of supply: the plastic bottle supplier can’t deliver the quantity they need and the quality of the bottles is poor.

4 They have had to return around 14% of the bottles.

5 They have to take care of the supply problem soon or they’ll have trouble with Father’s Day sales.

Task 11. (Track 15) Complete these sentences from the presentation with the correct form of verbs from the box. Then listen again to check.

back covered discussing inform leads main points sum up wanted

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We’ve been trying to problems____________ 4

with these the delays, the poor quality - all along, but so far we’ve not been able to find ways to ______________ 5 them from happening again.

If we_______________ 7 (not) our supply problems within the next two weeks, we _______________ 8 into serious trouble with respect to our Christmas business.

I’d like to quickly ______________2

the problems and then make some suggestions on how we

can________________ 3 with the consequences.

It’s clear we can no longer continue to_______________ 6 these

conditions.

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Task 12. Choose the correct verb to fit the sentence.

1 How are we going to solve/deal/tackle with delivery problems? 2 I don’t think we can cope/tackle/take care with fewer people. 3 We think it’s important to identify/deal/cope the problems now. 4 Who will take care/deal/tackle of our business clients?

5 We have been trying to cope/solve/take care the software problem. 6 Before we go on, let’s identify/clarify/solve this question.

Task 13. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

1 I’ll give you an overview of some figures_________________to car exports. 2 _________________, I’d like to tell you something about the new software. 3 Let’s now turn to the next question which_________________customer service. 4 _________________a few spelling mistakes, the new brochure is very good. 5 Let me give you some details_________________our Chinese factory. 6 _________________the handbook, the scanner is user-friendly.

Task 14. Put the words in the right order to make sentences with expressions from this unit.

1 move/ now/ to/ point/ next/ let’s/ on/ the

2 all/ topic/ as/ today/ is/ you/ know/ our/ globalization

3 inform/ is/ to/ aim/ about/ my/ latest/ you/ the/ developments 4 be/ additionally/ figures/ discussing/ most/ will/ we/ the/ important 5 said/ brief/ give/ I/ you/ earlier/ a/ I’ll/ as/ overview

6 study/ customers/ according/ with/ this/ it/ satisfied/ to/ our/ are

Task 15. It’s your turn now. Prepare the main part of a presentation using phrases from this unit. Use the checklist to help.

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OUTPUT

Infomedia, a US telecommunications company, expects all employees to give presentations in English. Read this text from the newsletter of an Infomedia subsidiary in Asia and discuss the questions which follow.

OVER TO YOU

 Which of these tips do you find most useful? Can you add any other tips?

 Have you ever presented to an American audience? How different are American audiences from those in your own country?

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Unit 3: Getting attention

BODY LANGUAGE

Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, students will be able to

 illustrate the importance of body language

 practise using body language to communicate your message clearly and persuasively

 know ways of emphasizing and minimizing the message

 learn to design and use cue cards

I. Pre-viewing

1. Choose different students to mime these actions and/or others of your own in front of the class.

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 driving a car  running  dancing  fighting  using a sword

 doing weight training  swimming

 playing football

 writing an exam  cheating on an exam  eating rice

 cooking food  riding a buffalo  washing clothes  talking on the phone  …

2. Use this checklist to discuss the importance of body language in a presentation.

Checklist

 Eye contact  Facial expression  Hands

 Movement  Posture

3. What body language can you use to persuade? Insert appropriate words in the blank with the

given initials to complete these tips.

Effective Body Language for presentation

(A) Importance: More than half of your impact as a speaker depends upon your body language.

Body language can make or (1) break………. your presentation. When you are presenting, strong, positive body language becomes an essential tool in helping you build credibility, express your (2) e motions………, and connect with your listeners. It also helps your listeners focus more intently on you and what you're saying.

(B) Appearance: Appearance is the way a presenter looks, including what they (3)

wear………. Nobody wants to be associated with someone who looks ragged, (4) scruffy……….., untidy, dirty or smelly. So, look (5) smart………., honest, and appropriate with the situation: you should sell yourself before you sell your (6) message………..

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(C) Facial expression and eye contact: Use facial expressions (e.g. smiles) to emphasize your

feelings. The movements of your eyes, (7) mouth………, and facial muscles can build a connection with your audience. Alternatively, they can undermine your every word. Eye focus is the most important element in this process. Look at your audience, and try to maintain (8) equal……… eye contact with everyone. Don’t just look at one person and never (9) stare……… at anyone.

(D) Gesture: Do use your hands. They don't belong on your hips or in your pockets or folded across

your (10) chest………. either or held behind your back. Use them to help emphasize a point, to express emotion, to release tension, and to (11) engage……… your audience. Hold a pen or pointer if you feel more comfortable but don’t play with it. Never point at the audience, touch your (12) nose………. or scratch your head.

(E) Movement and posture: Use movement to support what you are talking about. Sometimes you

should move forward for (13) emphasis……… or from side to side to engage the audience. Don’t stand completely (14) still……….- a little movement between table and board is more interesting. Don’t move around too much or move too far as the audience may watch you instead of listening to you. Try to keep your posture (15) upright……… but relaxed. Look straight ahead, not down at the floor or up at the ceiling.

1. Read the Video Presentation Context

The Academic Management Institute is partly funded by local government. It is facing cuts in its budget

Dr Linden is responsible for the budget of his department. He has called his staff together to discuss the situation. He wants to persuade

All members of Dr Linden's staff are at the meeting. They are all worried about possible job losses.

Dr Linden intends to point out the options facing the department and the Institute

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them to propose an alternative

III. Language Focus

EMPHASIZING AND MINIMIZING

Emphasizing

Strong adverbs intensify adjectives:

We’ve had an extremely good year.

Adverbs can be total, very strong, or moderate.

TOTAL

Absolutely (fantastic) Completely (awful) Entirely (depressing)

VERY STRONG

Extremely (good) Very (bad)

MODERATE

Minimizing

Look at the way the following expressions of degree and uncertainty modify, or minimize, the message:

It seems we will have to delay the delivery.

The Chief Executive Officer appears to have

left the country.

It’s just a little bit further.

We’re going to reduce our staff a bit.

Perhaps we should consider resigning.

There might be another way. I tend to think we should stop now.

To some extent, the company has failed to

realize its potential.

Intonation is also very important in giving

more or less emphasis to what we say.

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Fairly (safe)

Reasonably (expensive) Quite (cheap)

IV. Exercises

1. Read these extracts from different presentations and decide whether the language in each extract

is being used to emphasize or minimize the message. Underline the words used and note if M or E. (a. has been done as an example)

A. I think we have to get this into perspective. It's just a minor problem. It's nothing serious. M

B. I'd like to make a suggestion. Perhaps we could consider placing more importance on conserving

our environment.

C. I'm afraid we can't get away from it. Our extremely low levels of service are threatening the

future of this company.

D. I've got to say that I've never heard such a ridiculous argument. There is no way we can consider

taking this sort of action.

E. There's one more point I'd like to make. It's absolutely essential we make money on this tour. F. We've got a little bit of a problem here. Perhaps it's not central to our business, but I tend to think

we should talk about it briefly.

G. In a way, I would say this is quite important. On the other hand, I realize we've got quite a full

agenda today.

H. Before we go any further, let me say this has been an extraordinary year, and we've seen some

truly remarkable achievements.

2. Add an adverb to these sentences to emphasize the message.

A. This has been a good year. ** B. We have had a difficult time. *

C. We have seen a disastrous decline in our profits. *** D. It was easy to achieve our objective. *

E. The announcement was unexpected. *** F. I’ve got some bad news. **

Key: moderate * very strong ** total ***

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3. Complete these sentences with words that will minimize the message.

A. We ________ see things differently. ________ your experience is ________ limited. B. ________, you’re right. But ________ we ________ consider the long-term view. C. There’s ________ time. ________ we ________ discuss this question now. VI. Cue cards design

The aim is to give a good, short talk on a topic, using short notes, that you know well and that is

not memorized. Reciting a presentation that you have memorized sounds as if you are reading something inside your head. Look at the sample process below to prepare a talk and design cue

cards.

Brainstorm facts:

beautiful, large, varied, superlatives,

mountains, lakes, rivers, 3 oceans, snow/ice, plains

2nd biggest in world, 30x bigger than VN

1857 first oil well, longest petroleum and gas pipelines telecommunications important

first phone call by Bell, heaviest phone users

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largest system high speed internet connections largest mobile phone network

Group the facts:

Part 1 – Geography and population

Part 2 – Superlatives

Part 3 – Canadian Technology

Write the presentation

(Introduction, Outline, Main part, Summary, Conclusion)

Cue Card Design

INTRODUCTION

 Greeting  Topic: Canada

 Purpose: to inform Vietnamese about Canada, its people & achievements

 5 minutes

 1st – geography & people  Then – superlatives  Finally – technology  After – questions

(1)

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GEOGRAPHY & PEOPLE

 Large beautiful cold

 Varied geography – mountains, snow, ice , lakes, rivers, deserts, plains

 Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic oceans, US border South  6 time zones

 Population only 30 million, live 200 km US border

 But, immigrants, different cultures, languages, multicultural society

 English, French official languages

(2)

SUPERLATIVES

 Not only 2nd biggest country, 10 million sq. km

 But longest coastline, undefended border, freshwater lake Superior, 25% freshwater

 Trans-Canada Highway – longest national highway, in fact - more roads, railways

 Yonge St. Toronto – longest st.  Also – one of highest living standards

(3)

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CANADIAN TECHNOLOGY

 Technologically advanced

 1972 – 1st communications satellite domestic  1st radar satellite

 Robot arm NASA space shuttle

 Rich resources – 1857 - 1st oil well drilled  Today – longest oil and gas pipeline  Telecommunications important, well-used  1st telephone call, more time talking

 Currently, biggest mobile phone network, high speed internet connection

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Prepare a presentation and cue cards on the topics you have prepared: Staffing and Internal Organization. Ensure to use appropriate body language when delivering your presentation.

HOMEWORK 4:

Make notes on the reading # 5 (section 3). Bring 2 versions of your notes to class on day 7.

Hand in the original version to the teacher, and keep one for your presentation practice.

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Unit 4: Exploiting visuals

4.1. Presentation tools

Starter:

Do you know the English names of these media and tools used in presentations?

When, if ever, do you use the above media and tools in presentations? Which do you find the most effective? Why?

Power point slide

Task 2.Now listen to the presentations again and complete the sentences. Presentation 1

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4. Ok. Let’s now ___________at our new magnetic ski rack Matterhorn which was launched in August.

5. On the ________________you will see an __________of the Matterhorn X-15 6. Presentation 3

7. These are the ___________ for Europe for the __________three quarters of this year. 8. As you _____________here, we’ve had a very successful year.

9. To highlight our success even further, let’s _____________to the 2003 figures on the previous __________.

10. Let me just ____________to it.

Task 3: Match the two parts to make sentences used to refer to media.

1.On the next page a.from this picture, the design is absolutely new.

2.My next slide shows b.customer have complained about the service.

3.As you can see c.how much the market has changed. 4.Let me just show you some 4.I’ll show you our latest poster. 5.To illustrate this 5.at the figures on the next page.

6.Let’s now have a closer look 6.which shows the market development in 2005.

7.Here we can see how many 7.interesting details.

8.I have a slide 8.you will see a photo of the new XTK model.

4.2.Using approximate numbers

Numbers, especially long ones, are often difficult for the audience to understand. Try to say numbers slowly and clearly, and point at them while speaking.

3. we say “2 million dollars”, “170 pounds” (not 2 million dollar/ 170 pound).

Task 1: How do you say these numbers in English? Write the numbers out in full. Then listen to check your answer.

1. 251 ___________________________________ 2. 7.489 ___________________________________ 3. 3.8 bn ___________________________________ 4. €49 m ___________________________________ 5. $19.62 ___________________________________

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6. 2

3 ___________________________________ 7. 175 𝑚2 ___________________________________ 8. 1.240.000 ___________________________________ 9. 7.2 ____________________________________

Task 2: Listen to the three presentation and fill in the missing numbers below. 1. Car sales in 2004, 1st & 2nd quarter

1st quarter 2nd quarter Germany _____1__ 19.600 EU 32.000 _____2___ Non-EU _____3___ 17.300

2. New open-plan office

Dimensions: _______4___x16m Area: _________5______ 12th floor

 New York €225  Milan _____7____

Fill the blank slide (4) with some key numbers and present them with your partner.

1.SAIC Group 2007

 Subsidiaries: 55  Joint ventures: 63  Employees: 60.000  Vehicles: 800.000  Sales: $12bn

2. 2007 – Car Production of SAIC in China

 Has 55 subsidiaries and 63 joint ventures

 Employs more than 60.000 people  Produces about 800.000 vehicles  Generate sales of $12 billion

Rule of six:

When presenting text on overheads or PowerPoint slides, it is a good idea

to use the rule of six which means:

 a maximum of six lines per slide  a maximum of six words per line

If you stick to this rule, you won’t risk overloading your bullet charts with too much information.

Task 3: Listen to the two short experts from presentations. Complete the slides and find headlines.

 more________________ - customers can change

colors

 ___________% “wait and see”  ___________% never

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- _______colors to choose from

 circular shelving ________ __________design

 ___________% yes, immediately

Now listen again and complete the sentences below. (track23-24)

1. Let’s now _________________________, which is ……

2. ____________________________to three new design features.

3. ________________________is that customers can change the color panels…… 4. What ____________________________?Well, I think you’ll agree that the results

1. Attracting the customer 2. Informing the customer

3. Being convenient for the customer This is how we have dealt with these three areas:

1. The color, shape, and texture of the

bottle have been chosen after considerable research because they proved to be the ones that the pilot group considered the most attractive.

2. Research also showed that customers

were not interested in glamorous names or the use of many colors. What they really wanted was hard information about what was inside the bottle. Once again, it was better not to use long technical jargon to describe the contents, but to use simple language that the lay person could easily understand.

3. A surprise result was that so many of the

pilot group were concerned about how easy (or difficult) it would be to open the bottle. Many thought we had paid too much attention to safety features –making it difficult for small children to open –and not enough attention to customer convenience.

Notes : When designing and using visuals, try to remember :

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 Don’t design visuals to repeat what you can say in words  Don’t read from the visual

 Don’t overcrowd visuals with too much information  Don’t use too many visuals in one presentations

4.4: Presenting visuals effectively

EMPHASIZING IMPORTANT POINTS

Using a verb (stress, emphasize, etc.)

I’d like to stress the following point.

I’d like to draw your attention to the latest figures.

I’d like to emphasize that our market position is excellent. Using what

What is really important is how much we are prepared to invest. What we should do is talk about intercultural problems.

Rhetorical questions

So, just how good are the results? So, where do we go from here? Why do I say that? Because…..

Adverb + adjective construction

It would be completely wrong to change our strategy at this point.

We compared the two offers and found the first one totally unacceptable. I think this fact is extremely important.

Task 1: Match the two parts to make sentences.

1. What I’d like to do 2. I’d like to highlight the 3. So, what are the reasons 4. I’d like to point out how 5. It’s interesting to note that 6. I should repeat that our 7. What we can’t do is 8. So, just how good

a. Important advertising is for us b. for our success?

c. this model is selling quite well in the US.

d. turnover last year was excellent. e. is discussed the latest sales

figures.

f. is the quality of these programs? g. main problem areas.

h. increase our budget.

Task 2: Complete the sentences with the correct adverb-adjective construction from the box.

extremely dangerous - absolutely safe - incredibly cheap - highly interesting absolutely necessary - surprisingly good - completely useless

1. What we should remember is that this chemical process is _________

2. It’s _________________to improve the quality of our product if we want to win new customers.

3. This is a _____________________point.

4. You will be pleased to hear that our turnover last month was_______________. 5. Unfortunately, we found that some of the test results are__________________.

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6. I’m pleased to say that the crash test shows that this system is _____________. 7. Right now this item only costs $1.50 –I think that’s _____________________.

Task 3: First complete this excerpt from a presentation with words from the box. Then listen and check. (track25)

let’s talk about - draw your attention - have a look - it’s quite remarkable on the other hand - the figure also show that - you’ll see - can we explain

I’d now like to _______(1)________to the regions where poverty has been reduced. If you look at the bar chart on the left, ____________(2)_____that the proportion of global population living on less than $1 a day has drop. ____________(3)___in South Asia the proportion of extremely poor people has been reduced from 41 to 31%___________(4)____how much progress has been made by China. __________(5)__________, poverty has increased in many parts of Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. How _______________(6)____this uneven development? To answer this question, we’ll ____________(7)_____at the latest study from the World bank. First, ______________(8)________the figures that indicate global progress.

Task 4: Are these words and expressions used to make contrasts and describe results? Put them into the correct category.

Making contrast Describing result

- - -

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Now choose the correct word to fit the sentences.

1. Online banking is mainly used by our younger customers. Many of our older customers consequently/ however/ therefore find it difficult to handle modern computer technology.

2. However/ Whereas/ Although the euro is quite strong, we managed to increase our exports to the US.

3. Whereas/ Therefore/ Despite we made a profit of $240.000 last year, this year’s profit is only $110.000.

4. On the other hand/ Despite/ Although the growing demand, we didn’t sell more cars than the year before.

5. We have to pay more for oil and gas. Consequently/ However/ Despite our products have become more expensive.

6. Poster campaigns are extremely important. Thus/ On the other hand/ As a result we also need advertisements in daily newspapers.

Task 5: Put the words in the right order to make sentences with expressions from this unit.

1. at / closer / table / let’s / look / this / a / have

____________________________________________________________

5. surprisingly/ able / we / good / despite / were / achieve / to / software / results/ problems.

____________________________________________________________ 6. stress / change / is / important / I’d / how / to / like / this

____________________________________________________________

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Task 6: It’s your turn now. Prepare bullet charts based on your own data (or take information from the first three of the “Summing up” text on the next page). Find an effective headlines for each bullet chart and present them to a partner.

CHECKLIST FOR VISUALS

 1. Prepare each visual carefully and separately.

 2. Check whether the visual really shows what you are saying.

 3. Make sure your audience can read the visual (font size and colors).  4. Find effective headlines

 5. Keep design and content simple.  6. Use bullet charts for text.

 7. Reduce text to a minimum.

 8. Always prepare audience for visuals.  9. Present information clearly and logically.  10. Remember the rule of six.

Keith Sallis, Real Estate Manager

In my opinion the presenter is the focus of the presentation – not the visuals. The key purpose for using a visual aid is to help the audience understand the topic better. So the visuals should only be used to support the presenter’s message. A process-flowchart slide, for example, helps people understand visually what you are describing verbally. If a visual distracts the audience’s attention from what you’re saying. It’s useless.

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Susan Liu, Export manager

Above all, a slide or overhead must be readable. If the audience can’t read the slide, they will soon give up. That’s why font size is very important. It should be as large as possible. I’d say at least 24. And sometimes it’s also a good idea to use different colors to highlight some points. Using many different colors can be confusing though.

Barbara James, Market Researcher

What you say and what you show should always go together 100%. So when you’re not talking about the slide, it shouldn’t be visible. I always switch off the display when I’m talking about something that has nothing to do with the slide. If people are busy looking at the slide, they aren’t listening to what you’re saying. It’s better to use the B-key to return to a black screen or replace the slide with someone form of “wallpaper” such as a company logo.

Javier Sanchez, Financial Analyst

For me it’s very important that the presenter speaks to the audience and doesn’t read to them! The speaker must make eye-contact and not watch the monitor or screen while he or she is talking. I think it’s extremely boring when someone just reads slides word for word as if it were as easy or something.

Tony Benetti, Media Consultant

It’s called “Death by PowerPoint” when people use so many sound effects and animations that the audience’s attention is completely taken away from the delivery of the message. I think PowerPoint is a fantastic tool, but just because it has so many effects you don’t have to use them all. Overuse is overkill here.

OVER TO YOU

What kinds of tools and visuals do you normally use in your presentation?

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What tips can you think of for using visuals effectively?

4.5.Types of visuals

As you can see from the graphs….. Starter

What are these visuals called in English? Match the numbers to the descriptions.

technical drawing line graph

Which of these visuals would you use to describe:

a. Your company’s market share?

b. The steps to be followed from order placement to delivery of a product? c. Your company’s new organizational structure?

Task 1: Listen to excerpts from three presentations and say what visuals are used.

Presentation 1: _________________ Presentation 2: _________________ Presentation 3: _________________

Now listen again and complete the sentences: Presentation 1:

1. The next ______________shows the ___________by age in our country.

2. You can see that the biggest _____________(…) indicates the ______of employees in the age group 30 to 50.

Presentation 2:

3. Let’s now ______________at the sales figures over the past five years.

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4. The key in the bottom ___________corner shows you which colour ________which area.

5. Ok, so I’d like to first __________your attention to the sales figures for France –that’s the blue line here.

TALKING ABOUT VISUALS.

The first rule of preparing effective visuals is that they should be clear and easy for the audience to follow. However, sometimes it is necessary to explain a more complicated visual and it is always necessary to point out the most important information.

 I think you’ll be surprised to see….

 I’d like to you to focus your attention on……  Let’s look more closely at……

Task 2: Which is the box:

Task 3. Match the two parts to make sentences used to talk about visuals.

1. Let’s now have a look 2. The black line gives us

3. Each line on the graph indicates 4. In the upper right-hand corner

a. shows out revenues since 2004.

b. the next pie chart

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