đồ án tốt nghiệp ''''thiết kế kits nhúng và lập trình nhúng''''



 !
"#
Đề Tài:
$$%
&'%
()*+,, ,(/,--(01()234*5,(
06789(5,(:)*


Trang 1
 !"#
$%
&'()(*
+,' +/0'1(
'
2345678)9:3
;<=>?>@A
"#,-(70;
83+,<7,(=7+,>?.@(A,(A7 >BC??DBEF
G >
()*+, ,(>/,--(01()234*5,( H ,(>
0I.@36@>67(899(5,(J)* H(0>
(KA>GBBC &L;>BC??DB
 MN
$$%&'%
 









O
O
MPQ>(R*SS
Trang 2
MQ
&TU
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB





















Trang 3

&VS
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB



















Trang 4


WXMV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB




















Trang 5


WXMPQ




















Trang 6


&
(70Y=ZI[4,
(2,\]39^A-74@=7+,;(_,`70,
(2,\]39^A-74@=7+,(aL,-bc,
&d7,K7IR)
&d79_Ye,
Z9fZ9
&703g+9493h=7i33j3
UTU
? KY3j3Ik3.7
G &lb@9(8,Ik3.7
m Z9I59(,-(7+,9n)
o p73aq,-=.;(6Y=7,-(7+,9n)
E r,-(sAg(@A(89=.3(t937u,Ik3.7
U>$$

U>&'%
U>$v
Trang 7
Trang 8
UTU
 &d7K7R)
CDE4<?CDE3FGH3IJAK;?L8MN3N3IJOPJM9<=G=
3:?G3N?QRS?T33OUVA7WDX?Y5?OPZY[DSA\]33FG
3Y23OP?^_?C?R`MaUMCb3?96c7W[d5=4<7833?@
78DX?Y5?OPMeA49L?AG=?LY?fA3FG33OUVADX?Y5?OP<=4<33R2gh
4ijL83eOO8LOk
L[K3DG33J?POPl;mG=R?MnM[o3Oh7WLp?L2LnY=qJG=
MG3bDCO67`33Y=QA9ArOG33?C?DCsR?78H[YMQA3FG
?C?DCsR?MbM[o333=qY3ZY<=3<3G83FG?`?L[tj33OUVA3G8
3pdKuY?@b3?9;G87JRS?AS?d<?f?J;?<U3@;3I
OYp??qY?W?pk
L833?C?DCsR?J<;?C?DCsR?76G?LqDC?L:3'MGd<Or?
?LQLp?A9Ar;3CA[Y?C7833[YMQAd[o??L2A<NAG49O8dK33MP?F
39?LGD3[v
 Cung cấp giải pháp trọn gói cho thiết kế SoC (System On Chip) bao gồm các bộ xử lý
32 bit dựa trên tập lệnh RISC cao cấp, các hệ thống bus tốc độ cao tiên tiến, tổ chức bộ nhớ
thông minh, các IPs (Interlectual Property) và các công cụ phát triển tốt nhất. Nhờ đó mà
các giải pháp thiết kế 32 bit do ARM cung cấp đem lại khả năng tích hợp hệ thống cao nhất
(hight speed and small die size).
 Đem đến chất lượng cao mà giá cả phải chăng thông qua một loạt các giải pháp
như: tối ưu chất lượng/dung lượng mã, công nghệ Thumb-2, … Hiện nay các thiết kế vi xử
lý dựa trên kiến trúc ARM đem lại công suất tiêu thụ thấp nhất, một đặc điểm rất quan trọng
đối vói các sản phẩm số hiện đại.
 ARM cung cấp các công cụ hỗ trợ phát triển cả cứng (Prime Cells) lẫn mềm (ví dụ OS
và Middle ware) tốt và rộng nhất cho các kiến trúc ARM 32 bit.

Kiến trúc ARM đem lại cho người dùng sự lựa chọn rộng rãi nhất về hỗ trợ phát triển
ứng dụng dựa trên hệ điều hành (OS) như: hỗ trợ Windows Mobile, Windows Embedded
CE, Symbian OS, Embedded Linux, FreeRTOS, ….
Trang 9
 Với hơn 5 tỷ bộ xử lý đã được bán ra và được sử dụng thành công trong rất nhiều sản
phẩm cao cấp (Advanced high end products), các giải pháp về OS của ARM đã chiếm đươc
sự tin cậy của các nhà phát triển sản phẩm.
 Không bằng lòng với những gì đã và đang đạt đươc, ARM cam kết cộng tác chặt chẽ
với các công ty phát triển hệ điều hành nhằm đáp ứng yêu cầu càng cao của thị trường.
 Rút ngắn đáng kể thời gian từ lúc phát triển đến lúc sản phẩm được đưa ra thi
trường nhờ sự hỗ trợ rộng rãi và mạnh mẽ của các công cụ hỗ trợ tốt và tin cậy do ARM và
cộng đồng ARM đem lại. Chẳng hạn như việc cung cấp các IPs có khả năng sử dụng lại,
các platform mẫu, … cũng như công cụ phát triển phần mềm RV MDK (RealView
Microcontroller Development Kit), RVDS (RealView Development Suit), RealView ICE,
Trong đó nổi bật là hai công cụ phát triển chuyên nghiệp RVDS Pro (tích hợp tính năng
Profilers và RTSM -Real Time System Model) và RealView ICE do ARM cung cấp nhằm
đem lại tính ưu việt của các sản phẩm so với các đối thủ cạnh tranh như: độ tin cậy và bền
vững, tỷ giá chất lượng/giá thành cao, tương thích với phát triển tương lai, … Chính nhờ
các công nghệ và công cụ phát triển tin cậy, chất lượng cao như vậy mà ARM đã rất thành
công trong việc giúp việc biến các ý tưởng thành các sản phẩm được người tiêu dùng và thị
trường đánh giá rất cao. Sự tin cậy và chất lượng cao thể hiện rõ nhất ở lượng hàng tỷ chip
xử lý được bán ra và con số này không ngừng tăng lên.
 Các giải pháp thiết kế dựa trên kiến trúc ARM 32 bit mà ARM cung cấp đã đưa đến
các hệ EcoSystems.
 ARM cam kết đầu tư không ngừng vào R&D nhằm cung cấp và đáp ứng ngày càng tốt
hơn các yêu cầu của thị trường và nắm bắt được các xu thế tương lai. Điều đó được minh
chứng qua các thành công của ARM trong việc phát triển các công nghệ tiên tiến IPs, Neon,
Multi media, TrustZone, VFP, Thumb-2, Java Jazelle …
 Công nghệ bảo mật hàng đầu thế giới (Công nghệ TrustZone)
Hiện nay ARM cung cấp rất nhiều dòng xử lý (ARM7, ARM9, Cortex … ) nhằm đáp ứng

các giải pháp khác nhau: thiết bị gia dụng (TV, tủ lạnh, …), giải pháp về thiết bị di động
(điện thoại di động thông minh, gaming, camera,….), giải pháp nhúng (ô tô, máy bay, hệ
thống đo và điều khiển tự động công nghiệp …) … Chẳng hạn dòng ARM A-profile hướng
đến các ứng dụng đòi hỏi tính năng cao, dòng ARM R-profile hướng đến các hệ Real time,
còn dòng ARM M-profile hướng đến các ứng dụng nhúng.
ARM hiện nay là kiến trúc vi xử lý được hỗ trợ rộng rãi và tốt nhất thông qua ARM, các đối
tác và cộng đồng ARM (Microsfoft, Linux, Apple ….).
wJG=3IJ'M[o3Oh7W?Lqxy33A=MJ?897M2
waxyMJ?897M2Oh7W?p?A2?3'
wx?LJY'3M[o3gYp?g[z<<=
Trang 10
wp4Z
w{6M8|?E4]'M[o3OUgYp?3}?L8@A
w'??LQLp?G;DIH3}?L84~d63MJ?897M2
w"jdMuYDQkvMNN?bG3}OGY33?C?R`7M2DI7f=d<M9?
?P3M2??LQLp?3G8
w'4<<3Y3p<MZY33dgh4i76G?LqDC?L:3sR?
wCA•|y?`?L[t
w'"O?@?P3lg@A
wLQd\MC@Amv1gh4i'?P4~?`?L[t"jy•yk
w C?L:3?qY3YV?63?Cj{e€G3?8O?G7GL7GL3?e3?YLek3833b7Wd<?C?
R`:
d•d5=A<<=3<3NuY[t7‚Mnd<MG3Y=QOGDC?L:3's
R?t3IJd[o??L2A<'MeA493‚dKO6ƒ?Lo3YM8?^'3_[
32M'MeA49jL83eOO8LO;=O3G4;87eOO;'43G?8Oe3€3
O?G7GL7L87Y3?O'O;Le4G?e7O8€?„GLeG77ede48Ae??884Ok;[t7‚3N?Q?•A
?p=A\?b\3ZMQ??LQ?<3I33OUVA;MT3RJ?4<HOUVAMeA
49O6D3RJ?A<?LYK3Mf=DI?Q3NM[o31<'Mn?Lz?<O646G3\?35=
3FGLp?uY[t7‚G=?^MZY
Q?Y54o38dJ3??LQ33OUVA76G?LqDC?L:3';'3Y3p38

[t7‚33R8A93??LQD3GY;Mb33MP?[oD3GY
Trang 11
U
Trang 12
S
#%
 03(p,-,(w,- xY`ybbyb<*<3yY
?z,(,-(sA(03(p,-,(w,->
Trang 13
- J?P:jk4<J?P3NDU@?6?L`M[o3:d<8?L8AI
?L[tG=J?PA…N4<33J?P?3o3UZ3bd<ZAuA
W3dW33R<?83Y=q7W?L8uY4~d633IJ;?6M28MuY
DQ;†YG?LS3d<?LY=u?J?PMuYDQ:4p=?I??^333UA
RC;gh4i??833?Y5?MuYDQd<??JYMuYDQ38333a3pY
3p< 3dK33J?PMuYDQ3cMQ?e8Y=q4i?YE463;D‡;
La4e;A93?[a?6;JMuYDQ:4<J?PMuYDQOPM[o3•?<
?^H@AxMCG=L[K3Mf=33JMuYDQOP?[t7833A=?
4KMUAJA;<=G=3b3@MuYDQOP<=78333dgh4i;33J
:Mn?G=?CZAuAMuYDQ<=3<?OU8?98qM2?IA
3FG?C?R`d<<=3<3CA?E?L\4K?L8?<3FG?C?R`
- [d5=DIU?p?3U33OUVAM84[td<MuYDQMuY4<33J:
JG=3:?G3ˆTuYJ?PMuYDQ?6M289?M2?e8Y=q
?S33aD;?YE463;D‡;La4e;8T37J?h?[a?6>
- [o349Z4K33OUVA3aMJ?hJG=MuY3N:?L8N333
dgh4i8T3A2?A9:GRC?L‰3aMJ?h4<O632@3FG333I
J3aD;MJ?h;MuYDQd<3IJ?I?6PoMG<<=?98
Trang 14
qO6d[o??L23FG33OUVA3aMJ?hUVA3aMJ?h<=3<?OU8
d<<=3<?IAA<Z3FGN7833ZAuA:?L8N?98
q3OUVA3aMJ?h4<33OUVA3N?p?A2?†Y?L•3aDj?[t

4<A2?†Y?L•3Y=QM2k;4<MP?[oMQMuYDQ78d5=33OUVA3a
MJ?h<=G=?[t3N33J:?L8N[[o349DIUJ
?P:<83_4<A2?J3aMJ?h
- QA†YGO6??LQ3FGA=??G?p=NMn?LU†YGsGM89GM89@A
xxm4<GM89??LQ3FGA=?4Kd<A=AjAG€LGAed<A
38AY?eLkdKD8U3A=d<AƒA=3ND8U[t7‚G
M89?^xm4<GM89??LQ3FGA=dKOP3dgh4iD8U
3A=d<?I?[t38A2?[tOh7WtM95Yj8O?ŠLGk4<
GM89A<A\M7‚MuY3N3;?LYR•3A2?A=d<OPA=7‚38
A2?[t4qMC‹A=GM895YM[o376R8?^D33
?C?R`gY†YG?GMuYM[o3?IA8d<DC?PdKGY?<A9?98
?<AI?L[t?IAW3dW3838[t
- QA†YGdu3b3@gh4i?zd<z33?C?R`:3NH‡?D3RJ?
PdKd<A9?eLe?3b3@gh4iMGM[o3??LQA9z334~
d63[?[aA9MJ?h;f<MJ?h;3FMJ?h;?[dJMJ?h;
M<8?98?^gG;R8MJ?h>3b7W<=?[tOh7WA=MQR<;A9
Œ';•'89?M2?L8?CKU8ˆMPdK33J:?•3b3@gh4i
??8M[o3b7W3W?Q3833?C?R`d5?4ij?CK?5?k[A8R4e8e;
†YZ8?IA;33MMJ?h3Z?G=;?C?R`=?C;geI?I;?<Y?P3<;[a
?Jd5?U?IA;A=M8;MZYM83a3pY3p<?IA;33J?P
MuYDQ;<?IA;?C?R`G7W?IA>
- 3NdG?LˆMUA5A2?Z3IdJ33W?Q3FGJ?PA…3N?Q4<
A2?J?PZ3bd<3_3N?Q4<A2?J?PZAuAT3MQA3FG4<
89?M2cM`d<3N?@?6M283G8M[o3?C?DCMQ?63JA2?
3bG@3Y=qRJ?<8MN 3dK33A=?MG@;3Ž9[;A2?
3}?63JA2?G=A2?d<3b3@p?M`;?[tMD•AdKH=qY
3ZY3W?Qd<RG8AA2?OP?C?R`A=AN3d<Z3b3Y=q7WA<?GDI
?•A?p=?L8A2?A=?MG@N3Y1•J?P3}M[o3gf=7638A2?
OPJAdWp?M`q33<?C?DC3N?Q?P[YNGN‰AUA?QYD3
?[K3d<3OUgYp?3?[tM[o3OUgYp?<489?dKOP4[o4K

Lp?MG79;8:du3F489N3N?Q4<H?C?R`3ZA?G=•\
[MD~?Y5?OPd<A=3a93s;33?C?R`MJ?h7f7WjA=T?;?F
49;1k;33?C?R`MJ?h‘?IA’jMJ?897M2k;?C?R`?LY=u?I;
?C?R`=?C;gea;?5A33U?L8A2?A=?3fj3GL7AzL2k;8T3H
OUVA4K[M•G8?I;R2DQAO8??L8<A=8T3J?PDQAO8?
33A=@4[o9?f-‡?duM2b3?9;3N?QLp?MaUdKA2?d
MuYDQ8T3Lp?b3?9dKuYMad`;33?C?R`89dd<A94[KM[o3
‰A\?L8A2?4Kd•A=4K
- 3?C?R`{'8T3A=?3ZA?G=3_3NA2?OPMT3MQA?[a?6dK
[33JMuY<8T3dgh4iMuYDQ3:[33?C?R`<=DIU4<
Trang 15
?5?O6Rz3:4<33?C?R`MG@;38‡Oh7WuYb7Wd<DC?
PMCuY?C?R`89d
- NLp?uYnOUgYp?R2dgh4i;Z3bd<ZAuA?L8?`?L[tJ
?P:d<bdKAƒ<OUgYp?493NuY7ˆOUVA;8:du
3F489d<?<v
• HR2dgh4id<Z3bD3GYvegGOO?LYAe?;“LeeO3G4e;';
?e4;8?8L84G;'?Ae4;'1;eeOGO>
• HJMuY<D3GYv”-;Y&;1gŒ8LDO;Œ78„OŠ-
ŠARe77e7;ŠARe77e7•Yg;&OeD;=ARG>
• H  I  H  45  ?L•  D3  GYv  ••;  –—;  '7G;  'OOeAR4=;  ;
•GR1e„;•>
G&z9(<{>
 MZY?q4<'8448Y7G3e8AY?eLj=?{˜M[t'8448kM[o3?
?LQRzGL4eO?GLD{LGeL?9ˆ?JA3FG?L[tM9\3M[o3
OUgYp?<489?MZY?q4<A=[K7˜38?q4hG†YfO6d<8@AxN4<
A=[K7˜'Y?8e?3O{•;M[o3gf=76Oh7WHRNR7˜d<A2?M~G
3bMQ7Y=?L•R2K Y?eAGM[o3M[Gd<8OUgYp?@Axx;{•MnM[o3
?G=?CdKA2?A=?AKOh7WA93?3o@?C?DC3F=CY3FGA=
?Y?eAG4<NM[GLG?Y5??83N?Q45?L•49OGYMNMQ4<A38?q4hG3

g3a;d<A=?3N?QDQA?LG?q4hG;UA?L\4[o3FG3MJd<MZYP
MJ
 ^Hb7WMZY?qd<8H@Ax;33MnUAd<??LQ
A9ArduDU@gh4i–2dgh4iMZY?q[KMC[t?qY7‚4<?e4ll;
M[o3?AW3dWA=?MJ?hd<HJ?P•D3Y=qNd˜
3Z333K8<d<Hƒ?LoD31<8H@A3YPx•;HR2gh4i
mR?MnM[o3OUgYp?;[•3Y3:d˜3ZMCH3KRq8<
 1<8HG?5qm;DX?Y5?A93?3oMnM9??L•M23G87˜MCuY?<
Z3N?QM[Gd<8A2?3gh4i3R2dgh4iM[o3\4<33dMuYDQd<M[o3
3p5L2Ln1K3U?p;33dMuYDQMn?LzqLp?p7˜MQgf=76
33J?P3Y=q7Wn3NA2?O6R‚cduOP4[o33?L8?p?3U33
4~d63?`?L[td<OP33<MZY?[OUgYp??e8[K<=17W;Lp?uY3gh
4iMT3RJ?gYp?JdKuYG87J45?L•a4<DQYO8O8?LY=u?PMQDC?
P33dgh4i1<83YPH@Am;33Mn?LzqcRC?L8ZYC?33
?C?R`MJ?hd<DY=[K<=d˜3ˆ?C?W338MCG=2?J?P:
MZY?qM[o3??LQRz?e4d<8@Ax•N34<A2?383dgh4ill
3833A=?3ZA?G=2?383PN3_MnM[o3Oh7W38?p?3U33A=
?3ZA?G=dKuY3F49D3GY;3:3}D3GYzZAuA?[ab
dKAƒ7ˆM[o39?Lq&<=G=;?Lq?CKgpg}xmy33489dgh4id
MuYDQM[o3Oh7W?L8A2?1<'4<<3Y3p<MZY33dgh4i
76G?LqDC?L:3sR?j3CA•|y?`?L[tk3833MNQAMT3RJ?4<
Trang 16
'3}R3bDIR3;78MNdJ3?3o33dgh4isR?3FG'
d<8A2?3MQgf=76A2?8?Lzq7™7<a
 8MCG=;DJAM[o3uY[t3p5p?4<vJ?P?63J
A2?OP3b3@MT3RJ?3NOh7Wdgh4i I3N<83}3NZAuA
 QA†YG?L\3Z4[Yi4<O6D3RJ?HGA2?d<J?PA=?v
A2?34<A2?J?P3Y=q7WdKA2?3b3@3W?Q;?L8DMNJ
?PA=?4<A2?J?PMG7WdK3b3@3FGN?9A2??tMQA78
ZAuA†Y=C?M`

 L8A2?3N?Q3NuY3[a?L•ZAuA39=3‚4:3dKGY7[K
A2?JMuY<<8MN–zd•A2?3ˆ3N?Q4<A2?Z•3FGA2?J?P
4Ka;qN3N?Q‰A?LqA2?R8GL7A93dKA2?dgh4iLq3‚dKZ
AuAM[o34[Y?LH?L8&1•4<A2?J?P3Y=q7W;qZYC?33
UMbO6?G=Mcz33?JY]d<8jY?k?L8?tGSp?3N?Q;
?b34<UMUARU8?P3M289?M23FGN1•d5=;33MuY3N?P3M289?M2Lp?
3G84<M[o3gCd<8489?tG?63jLeG4?Aek1K33b7WMaU;N3}3Z
A2?3[a?L••jA<DI3ZJMuY<kMQMuYDQJ?P;?Y=q;A2?
JMuY<3<MT??LqMQ39=333[a?L•b7WOr:38J?P
?Lzq363Dš489?
m|93}a,-9^A(03(p,-,(w,->
 2?MT3?L[†YG?L\3FGMN34<‘?†Y=C?M`’T3?L[<=3N
~G4<?p?3U33?L9?Rq?L83FGJ?P;33?L`]d<84q†YGMC]
LGMuY3N?Q??8?L[K3M[o3jduAT?Y=q?S3kp?q‘?†Y=C?M`’DI
3}4<A2?MT3?L[Lq38A2?A<N3N?Q4<A2?J?PRp?DšY=d5=;A2?
MT3?D33_D†YG?L\d<AG‡?Lq3FGMN34<?tG?63
2?U3NDU@?63J3b3@3FGA•?L8A2?D8U?tGHY
9;?p?d<3N?QRC??L[K3
 2?RG8t3_M[o3‘RG8R\3’RzA2?J?PZ3bA<NMuY
DQd•d5=;MPdK[tOh7W3YP;\DI5LGO6J7J3FG
?L8A2??C?R`Z3b{8MN;Mf=3_4<O6D3RJ?HGA2?d<A2?
2?3_3NDU@?[a?3dK?CKRq8<;?Y=qG87J[tOh
7W3FGN49?[tDMaU
 •~d63Mˆ•O6DC?o3FGuY<49dKGY[vDX?Y5?Z
AuA;JMuY<;?C?DCZ3bj3k>1•d5=;A2?DXO[?C?DCU3N
DU@QYM[o3uY4~d63D3GY;?^?C?DCZ3b;gYP4G=8Y?LG3;
MC45?L•ZAuA;3<MT?JMuY<
o49I|9I7~Y>
?[t3NA2?OPMT3MQA3Y[OGYv
 3M[o3?C?DCMQ?63JA2?OPJAdW3Y=q7W3bDIU

MNdG?Lˆ4<33J?PA=?MG3b3@2?OPJ?PMˆ•L<RY23du
Trang 17
?89?M2?tG?63MQMUARU8M2G?8<d<?b7W;A2?OPJ?P
DIMˆ•8T3L<RY233T?3r;38‡MaUNGJ?PZ3bMQ
UA?QY3OUgYp?
 2??[tDIU4<A2?DPLqRJ?A<4<A2?J?Pb3?9‰A
?L8?C?R`A<NMuYDQ
 ZAuAM[o3dC?3833J?P:M[o3\4<€LA„GLed<M[o34[Y?LH
?L8333R2K3}M\3jLeG784=AeA8L=k8T3R2K€4GO3bDIU4<
?L8A2?cM~GZAuA?[t39=dKOP?<Y=qZ3b93CvDI3N
R<A;A<•8T33N[dKD3?[K3•;R2K93C
l Đặc điểm giao diện>
 33N?QDI3NG87JjMPdKHJ?PMaJAk8T3
3NMZ=MFG87JG8?CdK[t7‚?[a?6[33JMuY<?L833
?C?R`MQR<PdK33J?PMaU;?C?R`:Oh7W:?RpA;M•
•Š{d<Q?`3H3›•8T33}Q?`OP;?[tMD•AdKA2?J?P
AeYMaUˆ?L8A2?J?Pb3?9a;A2?A<•M\G;3UAb
8T33N33:?RpAz4uA<•38‡?63J33?G8?3b3?9A<?P
?QYNGM[o3D8UDIG3ZOh7Wœ~G3FG33:?RpA3N?Q?G=
Mc?e8A<•d<3346G3\3?[t3NA2?A<•dKA2?:?
RpA793ZMQYDQj•8=O?3DRY??8k6??LQA9Ar3FGA9?8<3ZY
MnAGMC38H<?C?DCA2?46G3\AK4<Oh7WA2?G87J
„eR?I†YGdJ3DC?PA9uY<=3N?Q:?LM[o3338H
A<•b3?9[M?td˜3Y3pDU@Q?`d<54JYb3
?9D3ZMC;?I†YGA2?A=?D3uY<=4<C?Ob3HY7WMPdK
33?C?R`MuYDQ?^gG;3<MT?d~d™17W;33L8Y?eL4<33?C?R`Mnb
7W?J3<=
l Kiến trúc CPU:
 3R2gh4i?L83N?QM[o33G?<G489vdgh4id<dMuY
DQ3dMuYDQ?[t3N33?C?R`89dM[o3?3o?Lq3‰A

UAD3?[K33FGJ?PNLp?uY489DC?L:3"M[o3Oh7W?L8
?C?DC[';;847€LemD;8„eL;gm;;m|;'?Ae4'1;
eeOGOm;;1m|;“1;s;žm;žm>uY<=?L[o3dK33489
A=?MQR<;?[tR`93CdKA2?d<DC?L:3A=?p?M`3
3ND3?[K3•d<M[o3?C?DCMQ89?M2?L8AI?L[t3IJ
?[t46G3\ld<l••4<Au?UHJ?P<=?[tOh
7W{&;•Yg;e?–{8T333JMuY<:?tG?63[”-G=
1gŒ8LDOˆ333ND3?[K3Lp?4K?[tOh7WA2?3pY•?I
7W4<J?P83j=O?eA8G3)8k;A2?RUA93?3o38A2?
b7W3W?QjGG43G?8Oe3€3?eLG?e73L3Y?)'kGYMNf"
M[o3AYGd<?qAd<8[A2?Z3FG?C?DC32?3C4[o3?[a?64<Oh
7W“'j€e47L8LGAAGR4eG?eGLLG=kd<45?L•38NdKH?<Z
Y=q4i?C?DCRG8A3U"
ls Thiết bị ngoại vi:G8?CdKRq8<?I†YG33?C?R`89d
Trang 18
• eLG48AAY3G?8?eL€G3eOjkvs;l;lm|
• =3L88YOeLG48AAY3G?8?eL€G3ev;Ÿ';;d<Š
• "deLOG4eLG4–YOj"–k
• e?„8LDOv8?L844eL'LeGe?„8LD;•8Œ8LDO
• –2M`?tv••jOk;G?YLe8AGLed<AeL83eOO"?O
• {O3Le?e&veeLG4YL8OeY?&Y?Y?j&k
ll Công cụ phát triển:
 [a?6[33OUVAZAuAD3;ZAuA3_M[o3?
?LQtdJ3Oh7W33?L•Rq7`3j38A4eLOk;3[a?L•7`3oH
jGOOeAR4eLk8T3333I3W›LPj7eRYeLOkY=q;33<?C?DC3N
?QOh7WA2?OP3I3W3Y=q7W[v
• –2›LPA938T3333[a?L•AI•jeAY4G?8Lk
• J3MQ?qA33?L`3e3DOYA8T3d<83[a?L•;
:3N?QDQA?LG?o4J3FG3[a?L•MN
• PdK33J?Pgh4i?JYOP;[t??LQJ?P3N?Q

Oh7WZAuA„8LDRe3[G?G78T3G?eAG?3GMQAI
•33‡?8
• 3?L•Rq7`3d<?L•4qDC?j4DeLk3Y=q7WM[o3Oh7W
MQ?P[YNGA2??C?R`Z3b
• 2?3N?Q3NIH45?L•d<3I3W?C?DCLq3FGN
8T3Oh7Wd<3U?C?^A2?IHMn3NO 
- 33I3WZAuA3N?QM[o3?98LGRz333I?=ZAuA3Y=q
7Wdu8T33Y=QMc?^333I3W??LQZAuA"ID;33
3I3W??LQ7<383_M[o3Oh7WCYR2gh4i3FGMNZ
PdKR2gh4i3FGA2?A=?I7W
l| Độ tin cậy:
 3?[t‰A?L8333ƒA=M[o3Dšd\4<Or39=<@A?Lt
4q?W3A<DIR`4ƒ8T33N?QDIW3J?PDT4ƒ1•?C;33Z
AuAM[o3??LQd<DQA?hA2?333V?5a4<ZAuA38
8<LG;33?C?R`LtDIM?35=[cM~G;3I?S38T3:?RpA?[t
R`93COh7W1J3DIW3J?PDT4ƒ3N?QM[o3?63JR‰
33Oh7W33DX?Y5?[„G?378?AeL)CYZAuADIMuYMT5
M[o333?JY„G?378M`D•?•J?POrR`DzM249
 2?OPdpMu3W?QduM2?35=[v
• J?PDI?Q^MQOhG3HGA2?33G?8<;1{[z
33J?PDIG;J?P7f=37[KM=RQ;33M•JY7˜
Trang 19
M[t>UM[GLG4<3Y=QOGOh7W33J?P3876?LH
8T333ZAuA3Y3pA2?Z3b3@
• J?PUM[o339=4q?W3d•?G?8<;1{[33?C?R`
7˜M[tA=RG=;?C?R`DQAO8?M2G?8<?L833<A=NG
3p?;>UM[GLG4<46G3\RG3DYJ?P
• CYJ?P^89?M2Orf=?c?p?Lp?uY?u3FG;1{
[337`3dWRYIR?6M2;J?P3Y=Q?u;J?PDQA
O8??L833<A=>

E49g7i,3}w9;(R,YkY>
2?OP489DC?L:3ZAuA?I7W?L833[OGYv
| Vòng lặp kiểm soát đơn giản:
 e8?C?DC<=;ZAuAM[o3?c3b3?<A2?dˆ4TMaU1ˆ
4T\MC333[a?L•38;Aƒ3[a?L•38†YU4iA2?Z3FGJ
?PZ3b8T3ZAuA
| Hệ thống ngắt điều khiển:
 3?[tM[o3MQYDQR‰33S?N~G4<33?3dW3FG
M[o3D389?Rz33489O6DJD3GY1{vA2?S?3N?QM[o3
OLGRzA2?R2M`?tOGYA2?3YDšM[o3M`~G?L[K3;8T3RzO6
DJD3cP?C5M[o3A2?R=?e<8MN
 •89DC?L:3<=?[tM[o3Oh7W?L833J?P3NR2†YU4iO6
DJMaU;S\d<3ZM2?L™?pJ?P<=?[t?63JA2?
?3dWMaU?L8A2?dˆ4T3ID;33?3dWb3?9aOr
M[o3?qAd<8A2?3pY?L:3<Mo?L8R2†YU4iS?MQM[o3dˆ4Tgh
4iOGYMN•:3<=;J?PZPdKDQYfMGJAdK33?C?L•
LtL93
|s Đa nhiệm tương tác:
 2?J?PMGJADI[Y?q3_ZPdKDX?Y5?dˆ4T
DQAO8?MaU89?L^dJ3dˆ4T<=M[o3VpY?I†YGA2?G8
7J45?L•'3<45?L•M`~GA2?489?33JAdW;Aƒ
JAdW39=?L8A2?AI?L[tLq3FGN DI3Z?63J
JAdWMN?•N\MC33?C?L•38?9A}jR‰33\‘GYOe’;
‘„G?’;‘=e47’>k
 YMQAd<[o3MQA3FG489DC?L:3<=3_PdKDQAdˆ4T
DQAO8?MaUY=q;dJ3?qAA2?ZAuAAKM[o3?63J7™
7<aR‰3345?L•A2??3dWAK8T3?qAd<8<Mo?I7`3
j†YeYe?eLLe?eLk
|l Đa nhiệm ưu tiên:
Trang 20

 ¡489DC?L:3<=;J?P?[t3NA2?M89AnzAb3?p?63J
dJ33Y=QMcHG33?3dWD3GY?I†YGA2?R2M`?t89An
<=?[t‰AzAb3A<J?PM[o3384<3NA2?JMuY<d<d•?C
3_TU?p?3UHb3?9?L8dJ3†YU4iMGJA
 –p?Dš?3dW<83N?QF=7H4JY3FGA2??3dWD3MuY3ZU
M[o3?3RJ?A2?333g31J3?LY=35?K337H4JY3GO¢3N?Q
M[o3†YU4iR‰A2?OPDX?Y5?MR2NG[<Mo?IMJ
jAeOOGe†YeYeOk;OeAG8LeO>1•Hb3?9N?LqqA2?U
?[tM[o3M[GLGMN4<Oh7WA2?JMuY<?tG?63•:3MN;33
<45?L•3N?Q?5?LYd<8dJ3??LQ333b3@3FG?C?R`3b
DI3Z†YG?fAMC337`3dW3FGJMuY<HG
||Vi nhân (Microkernel) và nhân ngoại (Exokernel):
 JAdfjA3L8DeLe4k4<A2?R[K3?C35Za?KDJAJ
MuY<?tG?63•:3<=;fJMuY<?63JdJ33p?R2
Kd<3Y=Q"38334Y?63?ˆ33?C?L•[t7‚Oh
7W333b3@3[J?P€4e;G87JA94[K;>N3Y;
DC?L:3<=?[tM[o37W?L833J?PA<dJ33Y=QMcd<G8
?CHG33?3dW4<G
 ˆf89jeg8DeLe4k?C<G8?CJY†YUR‰33Oh7W33
4t\3[a?L•38?I?[tZ3bd<?8<R2ZAuA?L8J
?P4YIMbd<3N?QM[o3AzL2Rz33b7W
| Nhân khối (monolithic kernels):
 L8DC?L:3<=;A2?fMZ=MFdK33DU@b3?9M[o33Y=Q
McMQ‚odKAI?L[t:uY<=:33<45?L•3NM[o3
A2?AI?L[tPdKJMuY<?L833A=MQR<[•YgG=
3L8O8€?Œ78„Od<d•?CLp??Y54o38dJ3??LQY=q;N49
Mˆ•MDQ33?<Y=qZ3b4<A?@33FGJ?P2?OP
489fDP?I7W4<ŠARe77e7•Ygd<Œ78„OŠT37‚3
Z3b?@4q[489<=MG?@?L[zLp?A9;MT3RJ?4<
?L833?C?R`:A9[ŒLe4eOOL8Y?eL8T3J?PM`d`•i

783FGMuY<=4<v
• J?P<=3N3cMQDC?PMC333:?I7W
• J?P38‡Oh7W4933M89AnO 3NcRC[33?L•
MuYDQ?C?R`;ŒeReLdeLO;“Le„G44O;>
• 1J3??LQJ?P3N?QM[o3?C<dKA2??5uY489MT3?;
3b3@3ˆOGYMN4:3fPOUVA;J?P3N?QM[o33pY•
MQ489R•A2?OP3b3@DI3Z?C?uY<=:?C?DJAM[o3
Hd‚KA<333b3@MN3CAH
• J?P3N3CM2[t7‚MQ7™7<39=33b7Wd<›LPt
MN;†Y?L•??LQM[o3?63J7™7<ad<dJ345?L•3N?
4M2a
Trang 21
• NuY?CY33=qY3ZY3T?3rdu??tG?633FGJ?P
†YU4iˆA2?J?P[ŠARe77e7•Yg3N?P3M2MFGMQ?LU4t
38uYb7W33b3@3ZMCO6UbG3_3N?Q
M[o3MT?d<8Z3b
C 03(p,-3(d7-7A,3(t9 >
[MnMu35z?Lq;A2?J?P3NDU@?63J?tG?63~G4<J
?PMNU?63J333b3@3FGA•?L8A2?D8U?tGg3M`d<•
p?3N?Q3p5M[o3 MbM[o3=qY3ZY<=;J?PMN3N?Q\4<J
?P?tG?63
3J?P<=U3NDU@Mb33?JY]d<88T333O6DJ
?L8K9A2?D8U?tGRS?RY238q33J?P<=DI3}U?LU
duA2?DC?†YUM:A<3ˆUGp?MbM[o3=qY3ZYdu?P3M23FGJ?P
L833J?P?tG?63;?P3M23_†YG?L\DID‡A•M23g33FG
N
N489?tG?63v?tG?633bd<?tG?63AuAPdKJ?P
?tG?633b;?p?3U333b3@3FGNUM[o3?63?3g3?L8A2?
D8U?tGg3M`;CYDI3UJ?POrR`4ƒqA?L\1{vJ?PMuY
DQDI4[Y;J?P7˜M[t?q4hG;?C?R`=?CPdKJ?P?tG?63

AuA;333b3@UM[o3?63J?L8A2?D8U?tGg3M`•p?
[DIRS?RY23
•0I7k)(.,(3(d7-7A,3(t9€•=.gy},yf3(d7-7A,3(t9 >
 2?OP33b7W:3N?Q?63JJY†YUA<3}3ZA2?3[a?L•
MaU39=M2345MuYDQ3UJ?PY=q;MPdKMGOP33b7WAG
??[aA9;A2?3ZU3NJMuY<?tG?638T3DeLe4?tG
?632?DeLe4?tG?63?[t•aLp?uYO8dKA2?&8<3}
L84i?Y=C?duJMuY<;DeLe434<A2?Z3FGJMuY<;NOrM[o39
4qR2KMZY?qd<d˜??9?L84:33[a?L•89?M22?DeLe4?tG
?63Or3Y3pZYC?337`3dW3Z?C?3833b7W:{8MN3}4<A2?
Z3FGJMuY<d<M[o39?Ž4qR2K;qA2?DeLe4?tG?63?[t
3ND3?[K3Lp?•;Lp?‚o3833R2K3N7Y4[o?p?L833•
7[KAI?UA2?DeLe4?L8A2?&8<3}

Trang 22
- 89?M23FGM[a3?63J?e83[a?L•;A33?3dWj?GODk8T3
4Yj?LeG7k?L8dJ3Mb33?JY]d<8G=?L8†Y?L•gh4iR•?[t
?e8=qY3ZY3FGJ?P3†Y?L•gh4iU?LUduDC?†YUM:?L8A2?D8U?t
Gg3M`
F(ae,-3}‚,(ƒ349=Z=.f)[,- >
 2?3[a?L•?LqA2?34<A2?ZAuA3NDU@?63?M2345
d<3Nd‚KLq3FGA•NRG8AAI?L[t?63?A2?3b3@3W?Qd<
DU@?[a?3dKJMuY<2?3[a?L•3N?QM[o3RS?MZY39=A2?33
M23458T33N?Q?^333[a?L•D32?JMuY<3NDU@?63?uY
3[a?L•3‚A2?4:3O8O8GY
 Y=q;DA2?3[a?L•3NDU@?63GLGA2?d<Z3NDU@?63
?O8O8GY;AƒZMNM[o3\4<A2?4Y2?4Y34<A2?Z?L8
3[a?L•d<W?Y23duAT?3b3@O8dK334YD3[493NDU@
89?M2M2345GY34YOr3GO¢3YA2?R2K?L8A2?3[a?L•
JAdu?3dWd<4Y3N?Q?G=?C38GY•7[KAI?UO6D3GYHG

3[a?L•d<4Y
D7i,3}w99^A(03(p,-3(d7-7A,3(t9 >
 C?L:33FGA2?J?P?tG?63Or†Y=C?M`334YM[o3?63?D
<8d<R‰33<8NDC?L:3cRC4<DC?L:3MuYDQdˆ4TdK844
d<AI•OSgC[Y?qL8DC?L:3MuYDQdˆ4TdK844;DeLe4Or?63
?A2?dˆ4TdI9;dˆ4T<=Or3\LG4Y?L8A2?A˜YM[o3M`?L[K3CY
A2?4Y3Z7`3dW;NOrM[o3gh4iNA2?d<RC?Q3FG[a<=;?Y=
qd˜UMUARU8Aƒ4YMuY3NDU@?LY=35MCdgh4i•7[KAI?U
33gh4i3FG[a<=
Trang 23
- T37‚[aMuYDQdˆ4TdK844Lp?7™?63J;?Y=qN
d˜3NH93CqA?L\bp?MN34<NOrAp?Lp?uY?tG;D
A<A2?4Y3Z?LY=35MCdgh4iOrU3tMC4[o?3FGA•d<A2?3[a?L•3N
†YuY4YOrR`35AMLp?uYbG;[a<=DI3NO6fRJ?
HG334Y;4Y<8†YG?L\d<4Y<8?†YG?L\;?^MNg3M`Ab3M2[Y
?qHG334Y
- 2?[aD3A<33DeLe4?tG?63G=Oh7WMN34<AI•
OSgCAb3M2[Y?qL8AI•<=;Aƒ4YOrMD•AdKAb3M2[Y?q3FGN
•:3<=;dgh4iOr?C?45M[t?LY=35?K4Y<83NAb3M2[Y?q3G8p?DN
Mˆ•M[o3W3dW_3NA2?d<RC?Q3FG[a<=;?Y=qd˜UMUA
RU8334Y3NAb3M2[Y?q?pp?d˜U3N?Q?LY=35?Kdgh4iA2?d<4Z
•7[KAI?U[a33gh4i3FG[a<=
- 2?[YMQA363Dš†YG?L\3FG[a<=MN34<N3NDU@?9A
8n?63?A2?4YD3NA2?4YD3dKAb3M2[Y?q3G8a3ZW3dW”Y
?L•4[Y?LH4933?I?J?t3FG4YR`?9A8n?63?D3NA2?4YD3
dKAb3M2[Y?q3G8a3ZW3dW\4<‘38?eg?O„?3’”Y?L•<=UM[o3
?63JGd<MaUMQ4YR`?9A8n3N?Q?63J?CJAdW3FGA•
A2?333g3DN4p=49M[a3†Y=uMuYDQ
- 2??tG?63U3NDU@Mb4933?JY]d<8G=33O6
DJA2?33Gp?d<3g3p?;Mf=34<33S?3FGJ?PS?3FGJ

?POrU4<A38dgh4i[JAdWMG?63?MQgh4iS?2?S?OrM[o3
gh4iRzj?eLLY?OeLd3eL8Y?ek;N3NDU@D389?A2?4Y3NAb3M2[Y
?q3G8a4YMGM[o3?63?•:3<=;NOr?9A8n494YJ?9MQ7<
†Y=u384YAK3NAb3M2[Y?q3G8aS?3N?QM[o3?98LGRzZAuAjS?
AuAkG=Rz33?C?R`Z3bjS?3bk
?B(„,359(Y …3>
Trang 24
- •?Lq4<OaMDP3FGA2?MQ•f=4<A2?d7WLp?MaU3FGA2?
DC?L:3Z3b3p3G83N?QM[o3?•A?p=?L8A2?MQA?LY=35DI7f=
LY?fA3FGJ?P<=38dgh4sR?–2K“4GOM[o3Oh7W3N
3[a?L•8d84G?4ed<4[Y?LH7H4JY–2K34<A2?R2KM2{'d<
3N7Y4[o?^d<–MCd<?L@A–?‚=?Y23d<8?^b7W2?A87Y4eM
?tG?63;39=R‰4[Y?LH?tG?L8<=j<=?@Ak1{<=
RG8AA2?G87JŠ?eLe?d<"–;3_[A2?3cP?CdKR<MuYDQ
?LY=35?I†YGs3m?63J3b3@DI7f=
- [t?•R2dgh4?L8?63JuY3b3@a"3cMQUOh
L‰dgh4?L8•?Lq3N?3o3b3@"'38G87JP?Cd<?3
oR2MuYDQ"–d<Š?eLe?uYR2dgh43ˆ?3o3U?C?R`89d
- C?DC334<?C?DCZ3bd<ZAuAPoRG8AHR[K3
OGYv
• I•8J?PvI?U33DP3b3@dK33MT3?d<?Y5??8
gh4i
• ?C?833DP3b3@
• fRP3b3@38Z3bd<AuAjŒŒk
• R289?M23FGJ?P
• <MT? 33  3b3@?C? DC  d<8  Z 3bjGL7„GLekd<Z  AuA
jO8€?„GLek8T3Zn8j€LA„GLek
- 3?C?DC3cMQ4<333b3@ZAuAjŒkd<Z3bjŒkM[o3g3
M`?L[K3LOGYMN33R[K3?C?DC3?C?M[o3?C<A2?33M2345zG
DPJG=MGOP33J?P?6M28?C?DCj'{k?[t7<38?C?

DCZ3b3J?P:Oh7WM?tuY3IJ[dgh4i;
{;A9d<333YVP‡;L8?8384;78d5=gY?C?C?DC33J:J
Trang 25