Effective Presentations- Dilek Tokay Presentations play an important role in both docx

Effective Presentations - Dilek Tokay, SU 2004

Presentations play an important role in both your education and career at all levels. Presentations
include the integration of all skills reading, writing, listening, speaking, and research to make oral
and visual communication serve an aim. In education, the aim can be to give new or cumulative
information, and in the business world, to introduce new products or services and/ or revamp existing
ones.
High-level presentation skills assist you to deliver a speech to inform, lead, and influence your audience
in a confident, credible, and persuasive manner with effective language and expressive body language as
well as audio-visual aids.
The key questions are: What? Why? Whom? Where? When? With which tools? HOW?
Presentations consist of three phases:
•
•




Preparation/ Planning
•
•




Exploitation/ Delivery/ Interaction
•
•

R
R
o
o
u
u
n
n
d
d
-
-
u
u
p
p/ Feedback

Preparation/ Planning Strategies
Plan your presentation carefully. This will make your transfer of information more effective, so the
audience can thoroughly grasp your message. Good preparation will also make you more confident
when you are presenting information.

Focusing on Objective, Content, and Organization of the Material to be Presented


D
D
e
e

c
c
i
i
d
d
i
i
n
n
g
g


f
f
o
o
r
r


C
C
o
o
n
n
t
t

e
e
n
n
t
t

[Please attend the workshop for detailed information.]


After brainstorming on a given or chosen topic, set your thesis. Decide how your thesis/ claim can be
presented in the most relevant and appropriate manner to your audience and carry out research for
collecting accurate data.
Be selective! Don't forget, information to be presented has to be accurate, precise, and in an easy-to-
follow format.

S
S
e
e
t
t
t
t
i
i
n
n
g
g

O
O
b
b
j
j
e
e
c
c
t
t
i
i
v
v
e
e
s
s


Think about what you want to achieve. Are you aiming to inform or persuade your audience?

O
O
r
r

g
g
a
a
n
n
i
i
z
z
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n

[Please attend the workshop for detailed information.]


•
•



Presentations start with a brief introduction and end with a brief conclusion. Use the introduction to

welcome your audience, introduce your topic, outline the structure of your talk, and pinpoint the
questions you will raise.

•
•

In the body of your presentation, support your topic/ claim with examples.

•
•

In your conclusion, summarize the main points of your presentation, thank the audience for their
attention, and invite questions. For closer involvement of the audience, you can invite questions at
the end of the parts/ main sections of the body of your presentation or you can ask questions.

To present the information in an organized manner the following steps are recommended:


•
•



Doing research on a topic - Collecting information
•
•



Outlining the presentation

•
•



Wording the presentation
•
•



Using cards for the speech, instead of A4 size paper
•
•



Highlighting key words and using signs/ color-coding on the cards for different activities during the
exploitation
Example: Card 1 Card 2 Card 3

# OHP 2 - Talk
………………….….…….
…… ………………….….
# Handout 1- Talk
……………………………
# OHP 3 - Talk
………………….….…
………… …….………
# Video Extract 2- Talk

…………………

….…

# OHP 1 - Talk
………………….….……
……… …………………
# Video Extract 1- Talk
…
…………………….…








Supporting the Main Points with Audio-Visual Aids, [PowerPoint]
[Please attend the workshop for detailed information on choice of Audio -Visual Aids]

What makes a presentation different from a speech is the use of audio-visuals and illustrations/
explanations/ demonstrations related to them.
If you have a lot of complex information to explain, think about using some charts, diagrams, graphs on
screen/ overhead projector. Using PowerPoint slides is an excellent way to present clear and precise
information. Audio-visual aids can make a presentation more interesting and easier to understand with
color, action, and sound; but make sure they serve a function and go parallel to your speech. Don't try to
put too much information on each slide. Don't choose music, which is irrelevant for your content.
The following can be used to support and enrich the power of the spoken word:
•

•



Diagrams
•
•



Charts/ Maps
•
•



Statistics
•
•



Pictures
•
•



Posters/ Flashcards
•

•



Film Extracts/ Music
•
•




O
O
b
b
j
j
e
e
c
c
t
t
s
s


f
f
o

o
r
r


d
d
e
e
m
m
o
o
n
n
s
s
t
t
r
r
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o
n

n

Considering the Physical Surroundings/ Technological Facilities
Please attend the workshop for detailed information on facilities]
To make effective presentations, your physical surroundings are extremely important. You have to
check the following at least three days in advance to make the necessary changes:
•
•



Room
•
•



Lights
•
•



Space for action
•
•



Seating arrangements

•
•



Apparatus
•
•



Technology
•
•



Acoustics
Considering the Human Element - Audience
Try to find specific answers to the following questions before you design the layout of your
presentation:
•
•



Whom will you be addressing?
Age/ Gender
Size of the group
•

•



What does your audience need to know? What do they already know?
 What will your audience expect in terms of content and approach?
Familiarity with the subject matter - Threshold for acquisition
Interests/ Expertise/ Background


Planning the Delivery of the Presentation with Interaction
Your approach determines how you present your talk.
Try to develop your key points in a logical way with relevant, interesting, and varied examples, facts,
and figures for support. You might also like to include one or two icebreakers for additional variety.
Remember, when you are on stage, your audience will be focusing on only YOU!
Prepare yourself for the following:
•
•



Control of verbal and nonverbal communication
•
•



Control of emotion and appearance
•
•

Keeping the audience alert
•
•



Giving the message in a clear/ assertive/ pleasant manner
•
•



Timing all the activities


•
•




I
I
n
n
v
v

o
o
l
l
v
v
i
i
n
n
g
g


t
t
h
h
e
e


a
a
u
u
d
d
i
i

e
e
n
n
c
c
e
e


i
i
n
n


t
t
h
h
e
e


c
c
o
o
n
n

t
t
e
e
n
n
t
t


a
a
s
s


a
a
c
c
t
t
i
i
v
v
e
e

p
p
a
a
r
r
t
t
i
i
c
c
i
i
p
p
a
a
n
n
t
t
s
s

Y
Y
o
o
u
u


c
c
a
a
n
n


d
d
e
e
s
s
i
i
g
g
n
n

i
i
n
n
t
t
e
e
r
r
a
a
c
c
t
t
i
i
v
v
e
e


a
a
c
c

t
t
i
i
v
v
i
i
t
t
i
i
e
e
s
s


u
u
s
s
i
i
n
n
g
g

t
t
h
h
e
e


f
f
o
o
l
l
l
l
o
o
w
w
i
i
n
n
g
g
:
:

Q
Q
u
u
e
e
s
s

t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
s
s
/
/


Q
Q
u
u
e
e
s
s
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n

n
n
a
a
i
i
r
r
e
e
s
s

P
P
u
u
z
z
z
z
l
l
e
e
s
s
/
/


C
C
h
h
e
e
c
c

k
k
l
l
i
i
s
s
t
t
s
s


f
f
o
o
r
r


P
P
r
r
o
o
b
b

l
l
e
e
m
m


S
S
h
h
o
o
o
o
t
t
i
i
n
n
g
g

B
B
r
r
a
a
i
i
n
n
s
s
t
t

o
o
r
r
m
m
i
i
n
n
g
g
/
/


M
M
i
i
n
n
d
d


m
m
a
a

p
p
p
p
i
i
n
n
g
g
/
/


S
S
e
e
q
q
u
u
e
e
n
n
c
c
i
i

n
n
g
g
/
/


C
C
a
a
t
t
e
e
g
g
o
o
r
r
i
i
z
z
i
i
n
n

g
g






















P
P
a
a
i
i

r
r
/
/


G
G
r
r
o
o
u
u
p
p


w
w
o
o
r
r
k
k



Setting Strategies after Finding Explicit Answers to the Following Questions:

T
T
O
O
P
P
I
I
C
C
:
:




A
A
s
s
s
s
i
i
g
g
n
n

e
e
d
d


b
b
y
y


i
i
n
n
s
s
t
t
r
r
u
u
c
c
t
t
o
o

r
r
/
/


c
c
o
o
n
n
s
s
u
u
l
l
t
t
a
a
n
n
t
t
/
/

s
s
p
p
e
e
c
c
i
i
a
a
l
l
i
i
s
s
t
t


o
o
r
r


c
c

h
h
o
o
s
s
e
e
n
n


b
b
y
y


p
p
r
r
e
e
s
s
e
e
n
n

t
t
e
e
r
r
?
?


K
K
I
I
N
N
D
D


O
O
F
F


P
P
R
R

E
E
S
S
E
E
N
N
T
T
A
A
T
T
I
I
O
O
N
N
:
:


A
A


3
3

0
0
-
-
m
m
i
i
n
n
u
u
t
t
e
e


I
I
n
n
d
d
i
i
v
v
i
i

d
d
u
u
a
a
l
l


P
P
r
r
e
e
s
s
e
e
n
n
t
t
a
a
t
t
i
i

o
o
n
n
,
,


o
o
r
r


a
a


5
5
0
0
-
-
m
m
i
i
n
n

u
u
t
t
e
e


G
G
r
r
o
o
u
u
p
p


P
P
r
r
e
e
s
s
e
e

n
n
t
t
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
?
?






O
O
B
B
J
J
E
E

C
C
T
T
I
I
V
V
E
E
:
:




P
P
r
r
e
e
s
s
e
e
n
n
t
t

i
i
n
n
g
g


i
i
n
n
f
f
o
o
r
r
m
m
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n

o
o
n
n


a
a


s
s
u
u
r
r
v
v
e
e
y
y


t
t
o
o

p
p
i
i
c
c


o
o
r
r


p
p
r
r
e
e
s
s
e
e
n
n
t
t
i
i

n
n
g
g


a
a
n
n


i
i
s
s
s
s
u
u
e
e
/
/


q
q
u
u

e
e
s
s
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n


f
f
o
o
r
r


a
a
n
n
a
a
l
l

y
y
s
s
i
i
s
s
?
?


P
P
R
R
E
E
S
S
E
E
N
N
T
T
A
A
T
T

I
I
O
O
N
N


P
P
L
L
A
A
N
N
:
:


T
T
o
o


b
b
e
e

s
s
u
u
b
b
m
m
i
i
t
t
t
t
e
e
d
d


t
t
o
o


s
s

p
p
e
e
c
c
i
i
a
a
l
l
i
i
s
s
t
t
/
/


p
p
a
a
r
r
t
t

i
i
c
c
i
i
p
p
a
a
n
n
t
t
s
s


b
b
e
e
f
f
o
o
r
r
e
e

o
o
r
r


a
a
f
f
t
t
e
e
r
r


p
p
r
r
e
e
s
s
e
e

n
n
t
t
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
?
?

M O D E L W R I T T E N P L A N

A
A
C
C
T
T
I
I

V
V
I
I
T
T
I
I
E
E
S
S

A
A
I
I
D
D
S
S


U
U
S
S
E
E
D
D

T
T
I
I
M
M
E
E


A
A
L
L
O
O
T
T
T
T

E
E
D
D

W
W
a
a
r
r
m
m
-
-
u
u
p
p

O
O
r
r
a
a
l
l
/
/


V
V
i
i
s
s
u
u
a
a
l
l

P
P
i
i
c
c
t
t
u
u
r
r
e
e
s
s

/
/


s
s
l
l
i
i
d
d
e
e
s
s
/
/


p
p
o
o
s
s
t
t
e
e

r
r
s
s
/
/


r
r
e
e
a
a
l
l
i
i
a
a

A
A
p
p
p
p
.
.






1
1


m
m

i
i
n
n
.
.




I
I
n
n
t
t
r
r
o
o
d
d
u
u
c
c
t
t
i
i

o
o
n
n
/
/

O
O
r
r
a
a
l
l
/
/


V
V
i
i
s
s
u
u
a
a
l
l

/
/


W
W
r
r
i
i
t
t
t
t
e
e
n
n




G
G
e
e
n
n
e
e

r
r
a
a
l
l


F
F
r
r
a
a
m
m
e
e

S
S
a
a
m
m
e
e


a
a
s
s

a
a
b
b
o
o
v
v
e
e

A
A
p
p
p
p
.
.

2
2


m
m
i
i
n
n
s
s
.
.








…
…

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…

B
B
o
o
d
d
y
y
/
/

S
S
u
u
p
p
p
p
o
o
r
r
t
t

O
O
r
r
a
a
l
l
/
/


V
V
i
i
s
s
u
u

a
a
l
l
/
/


W
W
r
r
i
i
t
t
t
t
e
e
n
n

S
S
l
l
i
i
d
d
e
e
s
s

A
A
p
p
p
p
.
.




2
2
0
0


m
m
i
i
n
n
s
s

.
.








A
A
r
r
g
g
u
u
m
m
e
e
n
n
t
t

Q
Q
u
u
e
e
s
s
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
-
-
A
A
n
n
s
s
w
w
e
e

r
r


…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
.
.


…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…

.
.
.
.












C
C
o
o
n
n
c
c
l
l
u
u
s
s

i
i
o
o
n
n
/
/

O
O
r
r
a
a
l
l


&
&


W
W

r
r
i
i
t
t
t
t
e
e
n
n

S
S
l
l
i
i
d
d
e
e
s
s

A
A
p
p
p
p
.
.








6
6

m
m
i
i
n
n
s
s
.
.




R
R
o
o
u
u
n
n
d
d
-
-
u
u
p
p

/
/
f
f
e
e
e
e
d
d
b
b
a
a
c
c
k
k

Q
Q
u
u

e
e
s
s
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
-
-
A
A
n
n
s
s
w
w
e
e
r
r


…
…

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
.
.

S
S
u
u
p
p
p
p
l
l
e
e
m
m
e
e
n
n
t
t
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o

n
n






















O
O
r
r
a
a

l
l
:
:
I
I
n
n
s
s
t
t
r
r
u
u
c
c
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
s
s

H
H
a
a

r
r
d
d


c
c
o
o
p
p
i
i
e
e
s
s

A
A
p
p
p
p
.
.








1
1


m
m
i
i

n
n
.
.

W
W
r
r

i
i
t
t
t
t
e
e
n
n
:
:


A
A
c
c
t
t
i
i
v
v
i
i
t
t
y
y

S
S
h
h
e
e
e
e
t
t

Designing Written Material on PowerPoint [Please attend the workshop for samples.]




•
•




C
C
h
h
o
o

o
o
s
s
e
e


t
t
h
h
e
e


m
m
o
o
s
s
t
t


a
a
p
p

p
p
r
r
o
o
p
p
r
r
i
i
a
a
t
t
e
e


f
f
o
o
n
n
t
t
.
.

A
A
r
r
i
i
a
a
l
l
/
/


T
T
i
i

m
m
e
e
s
s


N
N
e
e
w
w


R
R
o
o
m
m
a
a
n
n

•
•




U
U
s
s
e
e


t
t
h
h
e
e


m
m
o
o
s
s
t
t

a
a
p
p
p
p
r
r
o
o
p
p
r
r
i
i
a
a
t
t
e
e


f
f
o
o

n
n
t
t


s
s
t
t
y
y
l
l
e
e
.
.






R
R
e
e
g
g

u
u
l
l
a
a
r
r
/
/


B
B
o
o
l
l
d
d






-
-

A
A
v
v
o
o
i
i
d
d


I
I
t
t
a
a
l
l
i
i
c
c
s
s


u
u

n
n
l
l
e
e
s
s
s
s


i
i
t
t


i
i
s
s


a
a


n
n

e
e
e
e
d
d
.
.




•
•




C
C
h
h
o
o
o
o
s
s
e
e

t
t
h
h
e
e


r
r
i
i
g
g
h
h
t
t


f
f
o
o
n
n
t
t

s
s
i
i
z
z
e
e
.
.

H
H
e
e
a
a
d
d
i
i
n
n

g
g
s
s
/
/


T
T
i
i
t
t
l
l
e
e
s
s
:
:


3
3
6
6

-
-


4
4
4
4














T
T
e
e
x
x
t
t

:
:




2
2
0
0


-
-
3
3
2
2




•
•




C
C

h
h
o
o
o
o
s
s
e
e


t
t
h
h
e
e


m
m
o
o
s
s
t
t

a
a
p
p
p
p
r
r
o
o
p
p
r
r
i
i
a
a
t
t
e
e


c
c
a
a
s
s

e
e
.
.












T
T
i
i
t
t
l
l
e
e


C
C

a
a
s
s
e
e


-
-


A
A
v
v
o
o
i
i
d
d


U
U
P
P
P
P

E
E
R
R


C
C
A
A
S
S
E
E


o
o
t
t
h
h
e
e
r
r


t
t

h
h
a
a
n
n


f
f
o
o
r
r


a
a
t
t
t
t
e
e
n
n
t
t
i
i

o
o
n
n
.
.




•
•




U
U
s
s
e
e


s
s
h
h
a
a

d
d
o
o
w
w


f
f
o
o
r
r


l
l
e
e
g
g
i
i
b
b
i
i
l
l

i
i
t
t
y
y


i
i
f
f


y
y
o
o
u
u


a
a
r
r
e
e

u
u
s
s
i
i
n
n
g
g


s
s
o
o
f
f
t
t


c
c
o
o
l
l
o
o

r
r
s
s
.
.




•
•




U
U
s
s
e
e


K
K
E
E
Y
Y

W
W
O
O
R
R
D
D
S
S
.
.




•
•




U
U
s
s
e
e

p
p
h
h
r
r
a
a
s
s
e
e
s
s
/
/


f
f
r
r
a
a
g
g
m
m

e
e
n
n
t
t
s
s


–
–


A
A
v
v
o
o
i
i
d
d


l
l
o
o

n
n
g
g


s
s
e
e
n
n
t
t
e
e
n
n
c
c
e
e
s
s
.
.

•
•




U
U
s
s
e
e


B
B
U
U
L
L
L
L
E
E
T
T
S
S

o
o
r
r


S
S
Y
Y
M
M
B
B
O
O
L
L
S
S


f
f
o
o
r
r

o
o
r
r
g
g
a
a
n
n
i
i
z
z
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
,
,


n
n

o
o
t
t


f
f
o
o
r
r


d
d
e
e
c
c
o
o
r
r
a
a
t
t
i
i

o
o
n
n
.
.




•
•




C
C
h
h
e
e
c
c
k
k


f
f

o
o
r
r


G
G
R
R
O
O
U
U
P
P
I
I
N
N
G
G


&
&


S
S

P
P
A
A
C
C
I
I
N
N
G
G
.
.




•
•




C
C
h
h
e
e

c
c
k
k


f
f
o
o
r
r




M
M
A
A
R
R
G
G
I
I
N
N
S
S

.
.








L
L
e
e
f
f
t
t
-
-
R
R
i
i
g
g
h
h
t
t

/
/


T
T
o
o
p
p
-
-
B
B
o
o
t
t
t
t
o
o
m
m

m
m
i
i
n
n
i
i
m
m
u
u
m
m


1
1


c
c
m
m
.
.

•
•




D
D
o
o
n
n
’
’
t
t


f
f
i
i
l
l
l
l


i
i

n
n


e
e
a
a
c
c
h
h


s
s
l
l
i
i
d
d
e
e


w
w
i
i

t
t
h
h


l
l
o
o
a
a
d
d
e
e
d
d


w
w
r
r
i
i
t
t
i
i

n
n
g
g
.
.




S
S
t
t
a
a
n
n
d
d
a
a
r
r
d
d


i
i

s
s




6
6
-
-
1
1
0
0


l
l
i
i
n
n
e
e
s
s
.
.

A
A
v
v
o
o
i
i
d
d


m
m
o
o
r
r
e
e


t
t
h
h
a
a

n
n


1
1
4
4


l
l
i
i
n
n
e
e
s
s
.
.




•
•

S
S
t
t
i
i
c
c
k
k


t
t
o
o


m
m
a
a
x
x
i
i
m
m

u
u
m
m


4
4


d
d
i
i
f
f
f
f
e
e
r
r
e
e
n
n
t
t

c
c
o
o
l
l
o
o
r
r
s
s


u
u
s
s
e
e
d
d


a
a
s
s

a
a


c
c
o
o
d
d
e
e
.
.




Choosing Audio-Visuals [Please attend the workshop for samples.]




•
•




C

C
h
h
o
o
o
o
s
s
e
e


p
p
i
i
c
c
t
t
u
u
r
r
e
e
s
s

a
a
c
c
c
c
o
o
r
r
d
d
i
i
n
n
g
g


t
t
o
o


a
a
i

i
m
m
s
s
.
.


D
D
o
o
n
n
’
’
t
t


o
o
v
v
e
e
r
r
l

l
o
o
a
a
d
d


P
P
P
P


s
s
l
l
i
i
d
d
e
e
s
s


w

w
i
i
t
t
h
h


v
v
i
i
s
s
u
u
a
a
l
l
s
s
.
.




•

•




D
D
o
o
n
n
’
’
t
t


p
p
u
u
t
t


c
c
o
o
m

m
p
p
l
l
i
i
c
c
a
a
t
t
e
e
d
d


c
c
h
h
a
a
r
r
t
t
s

s
/
/


g
g
r
r
a
a
p
p
h
h
s
s
/
/


m
m
a
a
p
p
s
s

o
o
n
n


s
s
l
l
i
i
d
d
e
e
s
s
.
.




G
G
i
i
v

v
e
e


t
t
h
h
e
e
m
m


a
a
s
s


h
h
a
a
n
n
d
d
o

o
u
u
t
t
s
s
.
.




•
•




D
D
o
o
n
n
’
’
t
t

p
p
u
u
t
t


i
i
n
n


m
m
a
a
t
t
e
e
r
r
i
i
a
a
l

l


t
t
h
h
a
a
t
t


y
y
o
o
u
u


w
w
o
o
n
n
’
’
t

t


m
m
e
e
n
n
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n


o
o
r
r
a
a
l
l
l
l
y

y
.
.




•
•




C
C
o
o
n
n
t
t
r
r
o
o
l
l


h

h
a
a
r
r
m
m
o
o
n
n
y
y


o
o
f
f


c
c
o
o
l
l
o
o
r

r
s
s


a
a
n
n
d
d


a
a
c
c
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n


t
t
o

o


s
s
e
e
r
r
v
v
e
e


f
f
o
o
r
r


c
c
l
l
a
a
r

r
i
i
t
t
y
y


o
o
f
f


m
m
e
e
a
a
n
n
i
i
n
n
g
g
.

.




•
•




C
C
h
h
o
o
o
o
s
s
e
e


m
m
u
u
s

s
i
i
c
c
a
a
l
l


e
e
l
l
e
e
m
m
e
e
n
n
t
t
s
s
/
/

e
e
f
f
f
f
e
e
c
c
t
t
s
s


f
f
o
o
r
r


v
v
a
a
r

r
i
i
e
e
t
t
y
y
.
.




Arrangement of the Room




[Please attend the workshop for models.]

•
•




E
E
m
m
p
p
l
l
o
o
y
y


a
a

r
r
o
o
u
u
n
n
d
d


m
m
o
o
d
d
e
e
l
l


s
s
e
e
a

a
t
t
i
i
n
n
g
g


a
a
r
r
r
r
a
a
n
n
g
g
e
e
m
m
e
e
n

n
t
t


w
w
i
i
t
t
h
h


w
w
h
h
e
e
r
r
e
e


e
e
v

v
e
e
r
r
y
y
b
b
o
o
d
d
y
y


c
c
a
a
n
n


s
s
e
e
e

e


o
o
n
n
e
e


a
a
n
n
o
o
t
t
h
h
e
e
r
r
.
.

T
T
h
h
e
e


h
h
o
o
r
r
s
s
e
e

s
s
h
h
o
o
e
e


m
m
o
o
d
d
e
e
l
l


i
i
s
s


t

t
h
h
e
e


b
b
e
e
s
s
t
t


f
f
o
o
r
r


l
l
o
o
g

g
i
i
s
s
t
t
i
i
c
c
s
s
.
.

•
•




S
S
e
e
t

t


t
t
h
h
e
e


a
a
p
p
p
p
a
a
r
r
a
a
t
t
u
u
s
s

B
B
E
E
F
F
O
O
R
R
E
E


t
t
h
h
e
e


p
p
r
r
e
e
s

s
e
e
n
n
t
t
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
.
.

•
•




C

C
h
h
e
e
c
c
k
k


t
t
h
h
e
e


s
s
c
c
r
r
e
e
e
e
n

n


a
a
n
n
d
d


p
p
r
r
o
o
j
j
e
e
c
c
t
t
o
o
r
r

a
a
n
n
d
d


t
t
h
h
e
e


s
s
u
u
i
i
t
t
a
a
b
b
i

i
l
l
i
i
t
t
y
y


o
o
f
f


m
m
u
u
s
s
i
i
c
c
a
a
l

l


e
e
f
f
f
f
e
e
c
c
t
t
s
s
.
.

•
•

C
C
h
h
e
e
c
c
k
k


t
t
h
h
e
e


l
l
i
i
g
g
h
h
t

t
s
s


a
a
n
n
d
d


t
t
h
h
e
e


c
c
u
u
r
r
t
t
a

a
i
i
n
n
s
s
.
.

•
•




C
C
h
h
e
e
c
c
k
k

h
h
e
e
a
a
t
t
i
i
n
n
g
g


a
a
n
n
d
d


a
a
i
i
r

r


c
c
o
o
n
n
d
d
i
i
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
i
i
n
n
g
g


f

f
o
o
r
r


t
t
h
h
e
e


a
a
u
u
d
d
i
i
e
e
n
n
c
c
e

e
'
'
s
s


c
c
o
o
m
m
f
f
o
o
r
r
t
t
.
.


T
T
h
h
i

i
s
s


w
w
i
i
l
l
l
l


a
a
f
f
f
f
e
e
c
c
t
t


c

c
o
o
n
n
c
c
e
e
n
n
t
t
r
r
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
.
.

Preparing YOURSELF! [Please attend the workshop for more details.]


•
•


R
R
e
e
h
h
e
e
a
a
r
r
s
s
e
e


i
i

n
n


f
f
r
r
o
o
n
n
t
t


o
o
f
f


a
a


m
m
i
i

r
r
r
r
o
o
r
r

to see your gestures and body language
.
.


Allow time to practice your presentation. This will give you a chance to identify any weak points or
gaps. You will also be able to check the timing, and make sure you can pronounce any subject-specific
terminology correctly and confidently.




•
•
P
P
a
a
y
y

a
a
t
t
t
t
e
e
n
n
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n


t
t
o
o


y
y
o

o
u
u
r
r


g
g
r
r
o
o
o
o
m
m
i
i
n
n
g
g
.
.


C
C
h

h
o
o
o
o
s
s
e
e


a
a
p
p
p
p
r
r
o
o
p
p
r
r
i
i
a
a
t

t
e
e


a
a
t
t
t
t
i
i
r
r
e
e


a
a
s
s


a
a
n
n

i
i
n
n
d
d
i
i
c
c
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n


o
o
f
f


y

y
o
o
u
u
r
r


r
r
e
e
s
s
p
p
e
e
c
c
t
t


t
t
o
o

t
t
h
h
e
e


a
a
u
u
d
d
i
i
e
e
n
n
c
c
e
e
.
.

•
•


P
P
r
r
e
e
p
p
a
a
r
r
e
e


n
n
u
u
m
m
b
b
e

e
r
r
e
e
d
d


P
P
R
R
E
E
S
S
E
E
N
N
T
T
A
A
T
T
I
I
O

O
N
N


C
C
A
A
R
R
D
D
S
S


t
t
o
o


i
i
n
n
s
s
u

u
r
r
e
e


f
f
l
l
u
u
e
e
n
n
c
c
y
y


o
o
f
f


t

t
h
h
e
e


s
s
p
p
e
e
e
e
c
c
h
h
.
.




•
•


P

P
r
r
e
e
p
p
a
a
r
r
e
e


y
y
o
o
u
u
r
r


G
G
E
E
N

N
E
E
R
R
A
A
L
L


F
F
R
R
A
A
M
M
E
E


t
t
o
o


b

b
e
e


p
p
u
u
t
t


o
o
n
n


y
y
o
o
u
u
r
r


s

s
p
p
e
e
a
a
k
k
e
e
r
r
'
'
s
s


d
d
e
e
s
s
k
k


f

f
o
o
r
r


a
a


q
q
u
u
i
i
c
c
k
k


l
l
o
o
o
o
k

k


d
d
u
u
r
r
i
i
n
n
g
g


t
t
h
h
e
e


d
d
e
e
l

l
i
i
v
v
e
e
r
r
y
y
.
.



Presentation/ Exploitation






I
I
m
m
p
p
l

l
e
e
m
m
e
e
n
n
t
t


e
e
v
v
e
e
r
r
y
y
t
t
h
h
i
i
n

n
g
g


y
y
o
o
u
u


h
h
a
a
v
v
e
e


p
p
l
l
a
a
n

n
n
n
e
e
d
d
.
.


N
N
o
o
w
w


t
t
h
h
a
a
t
t


y

y
o
o
u
u


a
a
r
r
e
e


o
o
n
n


s
s
t
t
a
a
g
g
e

e
,
,


t
t
h
h
e
e


f
f
o
o
c
c
u
u
s
s


o
o
f
f

a
a
t
t
t
t
e
e
n
n
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n


i
i
s
s


Y
Y
O

O
U
U
!
!




•
•


M
M
o
o
o
o
d
d: You will probably be nervous at the beginning of your presentation. Don't worry, most people
are nervous in this situation. Start with a warm and assertive voice. Don't forget, the first impressions
are very important and the opening is the time you establish your rapport with the audience.


•
•


E

E
y
y
e
e


C
C
o
o
n
n
t
t
a
a
c
c
t
t
:
:


L
L
o
o
o

o
k
k


a
a
t
t


y
y
o
o
u
u
r
r


a
a
u
u
d
d
i
i
e

e
n
n
c
c
e
e

as you speak


t
t
o
o


s
s
e
e
e
e


i
i
f
f

t
t
h
h
e
e
y
y


a
a
r
r
e
e


f
f
o
o
l
l
l
l
o
o
w

w
i
i
n
n
g
g


y
y
o
o
u
u
r
r


t
t
a
a
l
l
k
k
.
. Eye contact is
essential for maintaining a good rapport. You will also be able to pick up signals of boredom or

disinterest, in which case you can use recap or shorten some parts of your presentation.


•
•


V
V
o
o
i
i
c
c
e
e


Q
Q
u
u
a
a
l
l
i
i
t

t
y
y


a
a
n
n
d
d


M
M
o
o
d
d
u
u
l
l
a
a
t
t
i
i
o

o
n
n


-
-




P
P
a
a
u
u
s
s
e
e
s
s
/
/


R
R
e

e
c
c
a
a
p
p
s
s
:
:

You must be clearly audible at all times. Don't let
your voice drop at the end of sentences. If you vary your intonation, your voice will be more
interesting to listen to and you will be able to make your points more effectively.


•
•
S
S
i
i
m
m
p
p
l
l
i

i
c
c
i
i
t
t
y
y


a
a
n
n
d
d


C
C
l
l
a
a
r
r
i
i
t

t
y
y


o
o
f
f


L
L
a
a
n
n
g
g
u
u
a
a
g
g
e
e: Use short words and sentences that you are comfortable with.
There is no benefit in using difficult language. Active verbs are much easier to understand than
passive verbs. Avoid jargon unless you are sure all your audience will understand it.

•
•


S
S
m
m
o
o
o
o
t
t
h
h


T
T
r
r
a
a
n
n
s
s
i

i
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
s
s
/
/ Signaling: Indicate when you've completed one point or section in your
presentation and are moving on to the next. Give your audience clear signals as to the direction your
presentation is taking. [Please attend the workshop for a list of Signal Words/ Attention Pointers.]


•
•


B
B
o
o
d
d
y
y

L
L
a
a
n
n
g
g
u
u
a
a
g
g
e
e: Stand with a good posture and try to be aware of any repetitive hand gestures or
awkward motions that might irritate your audience. Show extra care for your body language and
gestures when you receive comments or questions. Never turn your back to the audience for the use
of the board or for reading the material on the screen.


•
•


L
L
o
o

c
c
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n


-
-




C
C
l
l
o
o
s
s
e
e

n
n
e
e
s
s
s
s
/
/


D
D
i
i
s
s
t
t
a
a
n
n
c
c
e
e

t
t
o
o


t
t
h
h
e
e


A
A
u
u
d
d
i
i
e
e
n
n
c
c
e
e

:
:


S
S
t
t
a
a
n
n
d
d


a
a
t
t


a
a


c
c
e
e

n
n
t
t
r
r
a
a
l
l


l
l
o
o
c
c
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
,
,

a
a
t
t


a
a
n
n


a
a
p
p
p
p
r
r
o
o
x
x
i
i
m
m

a
a
t
t
e
e
l
l
y
y


e
e
q
q
u
u
a
a
l
l


d
d
i
i
s
s

t
t
a
a
n
n
c
c
e
e


f
f
r
r
o
o
m
m


t
t
h
h
e
e

f
f
r
r
o
o
n
n
t
t


r
r
o
o
w
w
.
.


M
M
o
o
v
v
e
e

s
s
l
l
o
o
w
w
l
l
y
y


t
t
o
o


t
t
h
h
e
e

s
s
c
c
r
r
e
e
e
e
n
n
,
,


b
b
a
a
c
c
k
k


t
t
o
o

t
t
h
h
e
e


m
m
a
a
i
i
n
n


d
d
e
e
s
s
k
k

o
o
r
r


c
c
l
l
o
o
s
s
e
e
r
r


t
t
o
o


t
t
h
h

e
e


a
a
u
u
d
d
i
i
e
e
n
n
c
c
e
e
,
,


b
b
u
u
t
t

n
n
e
e
v
v
e
e
r
r


c
c
l
l
o
o
s
s
e
e
r
r


t
t

h
h
a
a
n
n


o
o
n
n
e
e


m
m
e
e
t
t
e
e
r
r
.
.

•
•


U
U
s
s
e
e


o
o
f
f


A
A
u
u
d
d
i
i

o
o
-
-
V
V
i
i
s
s
u
u
a
a
l
l


A
A
i
i
d
d
s
s: Use your visual aids confidently, making sure you allow your audience
time to absorb information from slides/ transparencies.
If you use audio or video cassettes, because your topic needs that kind of variety for introduction,
body, or conclusion, watch out not to lose time due to the apparatus settings.

•
•


I
I
n
n
t
t
e
e
r
r
a
a
c
c
t
t
i
i
v
v
e

e


S
S
t
t
r
r
a
a
t
t
e
e
g
g
i
i
e
e
s
s
/
/

Audience rapport: Try to be enthusiastic. Your interest in the subject matter
will transmit to your audience. Show that you are really sharing this experience with the audience.
Keep the audience interested with intelligent recap questions asked in a dynamic tone.
M

M
a
a
k
k
e
e


t
t
h
h
e
e


a
a
u
u
d
d
i
i
e
e
n
n
c

c
e
e


a
a
c
c
t
t
i
i
v
v
e
e


p
p
a
a
r
r
t
t
i
i
c

c
i
i
p
p
a
a
n
n
t
t
s
s with short but meaningful pair/ group work.

Round-up & Feedback Techniques [Please attend the workshop for more details.]




•
•




G
G
i
i
v

v
e
e


a
a


b
b
r
r
i
i
e
e
f
f


i
i
t
t
e
e
m
m
i

i
z
z
e
e
d
d


s
s
u
u
m
m
m
m
a
a
r
r
y
y
.
.




•

•




A
A
s
s
k
k


q
q
u
u
e
e
s
s
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
s

s


o
o
n
n


v
v
i
i
s
s
u
u
a
a
l
l


o
o
r
r


o

o
r
r
a
a
l
l


i
i
n
n
f
f
o
o
r
r
m
m
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o
n

n
.
.




•
•



Evaluate audience reaction. Be ready to deal with any hostile questions. Polite, diplomatic answers
are a good disarming tactic. Should you find yourself “under fire”; suggest that the audience keep
any further questions after the end of the presentation.




•
•




D
D
i
i
s

s
t
t
r
r
i
i
b
b
u
u
t
t
e
e


a
a


q
q
u
u
e
e
s
s
t

t
i
i
o
o
n
n


s
s
h
h
e
e
e
e
t
t


t
t
o
o


r
r
e

e
g
g
i
i
s
s
t
t
e
e
r
r

audience responses. E
x
x
p
p
l
l
a
a
i
i
n
n


t

t
h
h
e
e


r
r
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
a
a
l
l
e
e


i
i
n

n


g
g
e
e
t
t
t
t
i
i
n
n
g
g


f
f
e
e
e
e
d
d
b
b
a

a
c
c
k
k
.
.













Presentation from the Observer's Point of View

[Please attend the workshop for more details.]
Model Observer's [Instructor/ Specialist/ Peers] Evaluation Checklist
INDIVIDUAL/ GROUP PRESENTATIONS - EVALUATION CHECKLIST

Presenter's Name/ : ………………………… Topic:………………………………………………. Level/ Year:…………………
Presenters' Names
Date: ……………………………………………
Written Documents: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Length of Presentation: ………………………
OVERALL GRADE: …………………………
COMPONENT CRITERIA
MEM.1
A B C D
MEM. 2
A B C D
MEM. 3
A B C D
MEM. 4
A B C D
MEM. 5
A B C D
The presenter
1. starts with a precise opening indicating the highlight points



2. has an interesting and appropriate introduction that attracts the
audience's attention



3. has a strong body with support & links to the thesis statement



4. gives support examples with smooth transitions

5. limits the topic and establishes coherence and unity



6. has a strong conclusion to emphasize the message with
thought-provoking questions or quotations





ORGANIZATION
&
CONTENT


7. has effective timing for opening, body, conclusion, and round up




8. rounds up without repetition



1. maintains flow of speech with natural pauses and speech markers/
attention pointers

2. has no sentences left unfinished



3. uses variety of structures suitable to the task



4. gives the audience the opportunity to comprehend with no grammar
and usage mistakes to restrict understanding



5. uses appropriate vocabulary in form & context





LANGUAGE
FLUENCY/
ACCURACY
&
CHOICE OF
VOCABULARY

6. has good range of vocabulary for academic/ business purposes

1. makes his/ her sentences comprehensible with no strain on the
au
dience.



2. has correct stress and intonation pattern to emphasize important
points or questions.



3. produces no utterances, which are affected by her/ his Lang.1



4. controls her/ his voice to make her/ his speech effective and laudable



5. keeps the audience alert and highly interested



6. uses visual aids properly and effectively



7. makes meaningful eye contact

8. shows self-control by means of poise, posture, and gestures, that is
the body language



9. has good usage of note-cards prepared in advance



10. doesn't get attached to note cards/ lap top/ white screen



11. doesn't turn his back to the audience for a demonstration on the
board or screen



12. shows communicative ability by asking questions to elicit response
from the audience and encourages answers




13. uses an ice-breaker appealing to audience's sense of humour

14. evaluates response from the audience, answers questions, restates or
paraphrases if some points are not clear




15. gives instructions clearly if different activities are expected from the
audience







PRESENTATION
TECHNIQUES

16. achieves her/ his objectives with the speech, audio-visuals, written
material, and supplementary handouts.



EVALUATION/ ASSESSMENT MADE BY:


DOs and DON'Ts

DOs

• Plan and organize your presentation well.
• Rehearse at least three times.
• Introduce yourself giving your title & name.
• Submit the outline of your presentation to the instructor/ specialist in advance.
• Make eye contact with your audience and pay attention to your body language.
• Give the title of each section clearly.
• Point at your visual material during the talk.
• Make sure that the visual and verbal material are balanced and parallel.
• Change the pitch of your voice in accordance with content for stress and recap.
• Be careful about your time management.

DON' Ts
• Never use visual material that is not legible.
• Don't overload the visual material with too much text or too many pictures and colors.
• Never talk about something unrelated to the current visual material.
• Don't turn your back to the audience.
• Don't speak too fast, too slowly or monotonously as if reading.
• Don't read the notes on your cards.
• Don't read the material on the PP slides without pauses or paraphrase.