đề cương phương pháp nghiên cứu điều tra trong công tać xa ̃ hôị và các ngành khoa học xã hội







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
 !""#$%&'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(
)*+*'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''',
-./-0112345167
%&!"
"#$%&
+89:
23;<0=>1/?@>AB/<<1C??D1(EEFBG10<<H?I<H4<1J?K?L
1MN?MOB/<O1517D1P7<HQR!?S<DBLT7UV3L1DA1?2<O?M?S2
WD0<0?6!?S<DBU?J<U;<0=>1/?L1X<MOU?J<UG1G10G
1?4Y2;<0=>1/?'
I<HR<1O1B/<O1517D1P@/MVGL51;G1Z<12/UO70O1517D
1P510L;<0=>1/?[1>1/?1PL\BM]1P^@21_1<1O1B/<
7@C@?H?4LB`?.K<?JWD1a-bMOB-0<c1BZ@d1<e<N?
[1UD?<HfWD1a@g?UK?=>1/?'17@CWD;<0>1/?
510UK?HX<1?2O1517D1P510'
J2>1/?1P1h.K<H47@C1?4Y2=>1/?L1D3\BM]1P.K
<H47@C1?4Y21J<\BM]7C?L17iUVTZ1JM?4
O1?jD=>1/?1PUO<\BM]1P-b<N7<1O1B/<O1517D1PBK?P?MO
>1/?1P<\BM]17i\BM]1P=>1/?L<1_;<0>1/?MOO1517D1P
@e<1C?.K1\<H461D?7@CA?<H4'
A?B/<011_161LJ2k1\<H0?lWD;<0=>1/?.K<H47@C
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H?4.?S<WDO1;<0=>1/?'
?IB510.?S<WD;<0=>1/?UK?>1/?1P<\BM]17i\BM]1P=>1/?
@AMOLTnn.K1\<H41D?7@CL1;<0=>1/?1K<K?
51?TV3<?BFWD01\/@e3J2<1JL?aG1P1V<1YUX@L[
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.KUM4<HR<1O101\/@e<rMr'
1<1r<J1?SD3L<O?M?S2@s-tTZ@I?6TN3B;G1G10G
1?4Y2<H7B/<-g<HCA@O7<N7U;<0=>1/?R!?S<DB1@N?
1P+D7@/u>1/?^1W3J2MOWDO1>1/?1P'?2O351?J-?1
U?4iG51A51F51?G1\.?S<@\2MOG1G10G1?4Y2<12/Mv1Ur
;<0=>1/?LUO@\2MOG1G10G1?4Y2<12/Mv1Ur<12/=>1/?1P
17Tn<H4<1r<JL@I<?J1O1B/<2/1?4Y2<1O1;L1O1?4Y2
M2;wUVTZ5?J<1YG1G10GM?4O1'
HK<1r<J<H4L1AB<0?6<r@i<\21c?UV3G1G10G1?4Y2;
<0=>1/?MO_x\2MO@?IB510.?S<UG1G10G1?4Y2?jD;<0
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MrD1PB/<-g@?IB1Xy2D<HP1BZ@d11?SBUZ1?4Y2L@g?
<s1?4Y2LG1G10G<12<1VG<1;<?^@IG1\.?S<G1G10G
1?4Y2;<0=>1/?UOG1G10G1?4Y2<12/0O1517D1P
=>1/?510'
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1?4Y2;<0=>1/?UK?0O1517D1P=>1/?510L<1VB1dUK?<\B
M]1PUOB/<-gO1517D1P1\UF510L4fA@?IB1D<N7@s-r
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#J<X2WD2g-01
z1<H_1.O3UG1G10G1?4Y2<H7;<0=>1/?UO0
O1517D1P=>1/?'
z1<H_1.O3U?D?@7N12{.|UO0.K<?J1O1B/<2/@?2

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z1<H_1.O3UG1G10G1?4Y2@?2<HDWDO1;<0=>
1/?<H7-7-01-r510.?S<UK?0O1517D1P=>1/?'
zHP<\B2g-01oBR1<?JG<1~7MO1L1@AUD?
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1oB
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1?S-r51W176WD<HC@N?1P1D3@X2<HD1WD-?1U?4MOB/<G17
<HO7=>1/?A516F@X2<HD11\TD10BZ@d112@I1gMN?B/<
-r5?B1J=>1/?x•…•†'
!?S@i<\21c?=2X<G10<@?IB?aG01O1?4Y2=0@|1H‘@sG1
1KL1D3<_BHD-s?1h=234-2g<<7O./y20<H_11?4Y2'

1.2. Các nguyên tắc phải tuân thủ để có một câu hỏi xuất phát điểm khoa học
!?S=\3TrB/<\21c?=2X<G10<@?IB1hA?0<H|51?\21c?@A@s@i<HD
B/<01517D1P'’K?@\3MOB/<-g234<p?aG1a<DA<1I@i<HD@s
\21c?=2X<G10<@?IBB/<01@a12{'
1. 2.1. Nguyên tắc về tính rõ ràng
\21c?=2X<G10<@?IB@f?1c?G16?@s=\3TrB/<01Z<1IL=a<d1'
…^^^^^^''†
!dTZUO._1M2VU\21c?=2X<G10<@?IB51;@s=\3TrB/<01Z
<1IL=a<d1'
!dTZ1D3@•?T7y2317N1@;<1|611R<1JO7@JC?T\x
Œ_1M2V\3MOB/<TN\21c?y20H/}\21c?1DA?H‘@AMO1j
<1D3@•?_}\21c?1DA?H‘611R@JC?T\MO611R<H7Mv1
UrO7'
…^^^^^''†
1.2.2. Nguyên tắc về tính có khả năng thực hiện
!dTZUO._1M2V
(','•'234<pU<d1<1d1@0
!dTZUO._1M2V'
1.2.4. Làm th nào xây dựng một câu hỏi xuất phát điểm đúng cách
!dTZUO._1M2V
('•'1r<?‡5?11?SB…“†@i<\21c?=2X<G10<@?IBWDM2V0<?J-ƒU
•>1/?1P@;<1|UO-r<1D3@•?Mg?-gR!?S<DB<HC1sGC?T\
7N?<1O1O/?•
A!,1,(5M*?+R5S&3
?D?@7NO3MOy20<H_1@P<O?M?S2L<1r1?SG1cUX5167-0<UOB/<UO?
G1G10G5167-0<.•-2510@I12{.|17U?S=0@|1UX@UO=\3
Tr?6<123J<1?4Y2'
2.1. Quá trình đọc tài liệu
,'('(+OB<1JO7@IMrD1P<O?M?S2<1DB5167w<1?J<
,'(','+OB<1JO7@I@P<O?M?S2<1DB5167

,','1cUX5167-0<…”†
,'•')/<-gG1G10G5167-0<.•-2510
•'?D?@7N=0@|1UX@UO=\3Tr?6<123J<1?4Y2
•'('0@|1UX@1?4Y2
•'('('+OB<1JO7@I=0@|1<1O1;UX@1?4Y2
•'(','0?D?@7N=0@|1UX@1?4Y2
•','\3Tr?6<123J<1?4Y2
•','('‚rw<1?J<WDU?S=\3Tr?6<123J<1?4Y2
•',','0TN?6<123J<<1CiG
•','•'+OB<1JO7@I=\3Tr<1O1;B/<?6<123J<1?4Y2
“'?D?@7N=\3TrB;1_1G1\<d1
“'('N?-D7MN?w=\3TrB;1_1G1\<d1
“','+OB01O7@I=\3Tr<1O1;B/<B;1_1G1\<d1
”'?D?@7N<12<1VGUO=tM]<1;<?…•†
”'('N?-D7w<12<1VG<1;<?
”','+OB01O7@I<12<1VG<1;<?
”','+OB01O7@I=tM]<1;<?
•'?D?@7NG1\<d1<1;<?
•'('0.K<?J1O1G1\<d1<1;<?
•','0TNG1\<d1<1;<?
•','('1\<d1<1g54
•',','1\<d1/?T2
‰'?D?@7N5J<M2VUO5123J1|
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!T
('1G10G@?2<HD.o.61c?
('('Œ61c?MO_x
(','05?11?SB=\3Tr<1O1;B/<.61c?

('•'0?D?@7N@?2<HD.o.61c?
('•'('?D?@7N<?@?2<HD
('•','?D?@7N<1r1?S@?2<HD
('•'•'?D?@7NMOB-N1G1?J2
,'1G10Gy2D-0<
,'('–2D-0<MO_x
,','05?11?SB<1r1?S<1O1;B/<2/y2D-0<
,'•'0?D?@7Ny2D-0<<H7y20<H_1@?2<HD
,'•'('?D?@7N<?y2D-0<
,'•','?D?@7N<1r1?Sy2D-0<
,'•'•'?D?@7N=tM]5J<y26y2D-0<
•'1G10GG1cUX
•'('1cUXMO_x
•','05?11?SB<1r1?S<1O1;B/<2/G1cUX
•','('g?<s4G1cUX5167-0<
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•'•'0?D?@7N<1r1?SB/<2/G1cUX
•'•'('?D?@7N<?G1cUX
•'•','?D?@7N<1r1?SG1cUX
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/@e
”'1G10G12345167

”'('1G10G12345167MO_x
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”'•'('?D?@7N<?<1r1?SG1G10G12345167
”'•','?D?@7N<1r1?SG1G10G12345167
”'•'•'?D?@7N=tM]5J<y26<1r1?SG1G10G12345167
•'1G10GG1\<d1=>1/?…‰†
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•'•'0?D?@7N<1r1?SG1G10GG1\<d1=>1/?
•'•'('?D?@7N<?<1r1?SG1G10GG1\<d1=>1/?
•'•','?D?@7N<1r1?SG1G10GG1\<d1=>1/?
•'•'•'?D?@7N=tM]5J<y26<1r1?SG1G10GG1\<d1=>1/?
'—+˜…™†

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,'1G10Gy2D-0<
,'('1G10Gy2D-0<<H7=>1/?1P
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,'•'1G10Gy2D-0<<H7;<0=>1/?
•'1G10G@01?0A-r<1DB?D
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“'1G10G@?./
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•'1G10G=\B1VG/@e
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•'•'1G10G=\B1VG/@eWD;<0=>1/?
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