Fundamentals of english grammar third edition part 11 pdf

EXERCISE
4.
Revlew of verb forms: past, present, and future.
(Chapters
1
and 2; Charts 3-1 and 3-2)
Direceions:
Complete the dialogue with your own words. The dialogue reviews the forms
(statement, negative, question, short answer) of the simple present, simple past, and
be
going
to.
Example:
A:
I
hitchhiked
w
school
yesterday.
B:
Oh? That's interesting.
Do
you
hitchhike to school
every day?
A:
Yes,
I
do.
I
hitchhike

to
school
every day.
B:
DO
you also
hitchhike home
every day?
A:
No,
I
don't.
Etc.
1.
A:
I
yesterday.
2.
B:
Oh? That's interesting. YOU every day?
3.
A: Yes, I
.
I every day.
4.
B:
you also every day?
5.
A:
No,

I
.
I
every day.
6.
B:
YOU
yesterday?
7
7.
A:
Yes,I .
I
yesterday.
8.
B:
you also yesterday?
9.
A:
No,]
. I yesterday.
10.
B:
Are
You tomorrow?
11.
A:
Yes,]
.
I

tomorrow.
12.
B:
you also tomorrow?
13.
A: No,]
.
I
tomorrow.
EXERCISE
5.
Present, past, and future time. (Chapters
1
and 2; Charts 3-1 and 3-2)
Directions:
Pair up with a classmate.
Speaker
A:
Ask
Speaker
B
a question about his or her activities. Use
what
and the given
time expressions. Your book is open.
Speaker
B:
Answer the question in a complete sentence. Your book is closed.
Example:
this evening

SPEAKER
A
(book open):
What are you going to do
this
evening?
SPEAKER
B
(book ciosed):
I'm going to get on the Internet for a while and then read.
1.
yesterday
2. tomorrow
3.
right now
4.
every day
5. later today
6.
the day before yesterday
Switch
roles.
7.
tonight
8.
the day after tomorrow
9.
last week
10.
next week

11.
every week
,
r.
12. this weekend
-3
FORMS
WITH
WILL
I-You-She-He-It-We-They will
come
tomorrow.
I
1
NL!GATNF.
(
I-YOU-She-He-It-We-They
will
not
(won't)
come
tomorrow.
I
I
QUESTION
I
Will
I-you-she-he-it-we-they
come
tomorrow?

I
SHORT
ANSWER
(
z::\
I-you-she-he-it-we-they
{zrt,
I
I
the teacher
+
will
=
"the teacher'll"
speech, but usually not
in
writing.
I
Bob
+
will
=
"Bob'll"
I
Will is often contracted with nouns
in
CONTRA~ONS
'Ronouns
are
NOT

contracTed
with
helping
verbs
in
short
answers.
CORRBCT:
Yas,
I
win.
INCORRBCT:
Ym,
I'U:
EXERCISE
6.
Forms
with WILL.
(Chart 3-3)
Directions:
Practice using contractions with
will.
Write the correct contraction for the
words in parentheses. Practice pronunciation.
1.
(I
mI1)
111
be home at eight tonight.
2.

(Wed)
do well in the game tomorrow.
3.
(You
wile
probably get a letter today.
4.
Karen is collecting shells at the beach.
(She
mI1)
be home
I,
I
around sundown.
5.
Henry hurt his heel climbing a
hill.
(He
wili)
probably stay
home today.
-,
6.
(It
wil)
probably be too cold to go swimming tomorrow.
7.
I
invited some guests for dinner.
(They

will)
probably get here
around seven.
I'll
she'll
W'U
you'll
he'll
they'll
it'll
EXERCISE
7.
Forms
with WILL.
(Chart 3-3)
DireeEias:
Read the following sentences aloud. Practice contracting
wia
with
nouns
in
speech.
Will
is usually contracted with pronouns
in
both speech and informal writing.
1.
Rob will probably call tonight.
("Rob'll probably call tonight.")
2.

Dinner will be at seven.
3.
Mary will be here at six tomorrow.
4.
The weather will probably be a little colder tomorrow.
5.
The party will start at eight.
6.
Sam will help us move into our new apartment.
7.
My friends will be here soon.
8. The
sun
will rise at 6:08 tomorrow morning.
-4
SUKENESS ABOU.I'l'HE FU.IUKE
100%
sure
90%
sure
50%
sure
(a)
I
wiN
be
in
class tomorrow.
OR
I

am
going
to
be
in
class tomorrow.
@)
Po
willprobably be
in class tomorrow.
OR
Po
is
pmbably
going
to
be
in
class
tomorrow.
(c) Anna
pmbably
won't
be
in
class
tomorrow.
OR
Anna
probably

isn't going to
be
in
class tomorrow.
Ali
mqy
come to class tomorrow, or
Ali
may
not
come
to class tomorrow.
I
don't know what he's going to do.
(e)
Maybe
Ali
wiN
come
to class, and
maybe
he
won't.
OR
Maybe
Ali
is
going to
come
to class,

and
maybe
he
isn't.
In
(a): The speaker uses
will
or
be
going to
because he feels sure about his future activity.
He is stating a fact about the
future.
In @):The speaker uses
probably
to say that
he expects Po to be
in
class tomorrow, but he
is not
100%
sure. He's almost sure, but not
completely sure.
Word order with
probably:*
(1)
in a statement, as in
@):
helping
verb

+
probably
(2)
with a negative verb, as in (c):
probably
+
helping
verb
May
expresses a future possibility: maybe
something will happen, and maybe it won't
happen.**
In
(d): The speaker is saying that
maybe Ali will come to class, or maybe he
won't come to class. The weaker is messing.
Maybe
+
wilUbe
going to
gives the
same meaning as
mqy.
(d) and (e) have the
same meaning.
Maybe
comes at the beginning of a sentence.
*See
Chart 1-3,
p.

9,
for
more information
about
placement of midsentence advabs
such
as
WbabEy.
**See Chart 7-3,
p.
193, for more information about
may.
EXERCISE
8.
Sureness about the future. (Chart
3-4)
Directions:
Discuss how sure the speaker is in each sentence.
1.
The bank will be open tomorrow.
+
The
speaker
is
very
sure.
2.
I'm going
to
go to the bank tomorrow.

3.
I'll probably go to the post office too.
4.
I may stop at the market on my way home.
5.
Ms. White will probably be in the office around nine tomorrow morning.
6.
MI.
Wu
will
be in the office at seven tomorrow morning.
7.
Mr. Alvarez may be in the office early tomorrow morning.
8.
The
sun
will
rise
tomorrow.
9.
I'm going to go to the art museum this Saturday, and I may go to the natural history
museum too.
10.
Abdul is probably going to come with me.
60
CHAPTER
3
EXERCISE
9.
Sureness about the future: using

PROBABLY.
(Chart
3-4)
Directionc
For each situation, predict what will probably happen and what probably won't
happen. Include
probably
in your prediction. Use either
&U
or
be
going
to.
1.
Antonio is late to class almost every day.
(be on time tomorrow? be late again?)
+
Anwnw pmbably won't be on time tomorrow. He'llprobably be late again.
2.
Rosa has a terrible cold. She feels miserable.
(go to work tomorrow? stay home and rest?)
3.
Sam didn't sleep at
all
last night.
(go to bed early tonight? stay up all night again tonight?)
4.
Ms. Bok needs to travel to a nearby city. She hates to fly.
(take a plane? travel by bus or train?)
5.

Mr.
Chu is out of town on business. He needs to contact his assistant right away.
(call her on the phone or e-mail her? wait until she calls him?)
6.
Gina loves to
run,
but right now she has sore knees and a sore ankle.
(run in the marathon race this week? skip the race?)
0
EXERCISE
10.
Sureness about the future. (Chart
3-4)
Directions:
First the teacher will find out some information from Speaker
A,
and then ask
Speaker B a question. Speaker B
will
answer using
may
or
maybe
if she's simply
guessing or
probably
if
she's fairly sure.
Only
the teacher's book is open.

Example:
TEACHER
(book open):
Who's going to visit an interesting place in this city soon?
SPBAKBR
A
(book closed): (SpeakerA raises hislher hand.)
I
I.
TEACHER
(book
open):
Where are you going to go?
SPEAKER
A
(book closed):
To the zoo.
TEACHER
(book open): (Speaker B),
how is
(SpeakerA)
going to get to the zoo?
SPEAKER
B
(book closed):
I
have no idea. He may walk, or he may take a bus. Maybe he'll
ride his bike.
OR
Well, it's pretty far from here, so he'll probably

take a bus.
.i
t
.I
1.
Who's going to visit an interesting place soon?
Where are you going to go?
Question
to
Speaker B:
How is
(Speaker A)
going to get to
(name ofplace)?
2.
Who is going to stay home tonight?
Question to Speaker B:
What is
(Speaker A)
going to do at home tonight?
3.
Who's going to go out this evening?
,:
.
,::!',
.
Question
to Speaker
B:
What is

(Speaker A)
going to do this evening?
t
.,
*<
4.
Who's going to take a trip soon?
Where are you going?
Quesdon
to
Speaker B:
How is
(Speaker A)
going to get to
(name of place)?
5.
(SpeakerA),
please tell us three
thiigs
you would like to do this weekend.
Questia to Speaker B:
What is
(Speaker A)
going to do this weekend?
Future
lime
61
EXERCISE
11.
Sureness about the future. (Chart 3-4)

Directions:
Answer the questions using
wiU,
be
going
to,
or
may.
Include
ebably
or
maybe
as appropriate. Work in pairs or as a class.
Example:
What
will
you do after class tomorrow?
+
I'llpmbably go back
to
my apartment.
OR
I'm not sure. I may go
to
the bookstore.
1.
Will you be in class tomorrow?
2. Will
(
.

. .
)
be in class tomorrow?
3. Is
(
.
. .
)
going to be in class a month from now?
4.
What will the weather be like tomorrow?
5. Will the sun rise tomorrow morning?
6.
Is
(
. . .
)
going to sit in the same seat in class again tomorrow?
(Switch mles
if
working in pairs.)
7.
What are you going to do after class tomorrow?
8.
What is
(
.
.
.
)

going to do after class tomorrow?
9.
Will we
(do
a
particular actiwity)
in class tomorrow?
10. Who will be the next
@cad
of state in this
country)?
11. How
will
the Internet change students' lives?
12. How
will
the Internet change everyone's life?
0
EXERCISE
12.
Activity: using WILL,
BE
GOING TO, and
MAY.
(Charts
3-1
+
3-4)
Directions:
In groups or as a class, use the given topics to discuss the future. The topics

can also be used for writing practice.
1.
Clothes:
Will clothing styles change much in the next 10 years? The next 100 years?
What kind of clothing will people wear in the year 3000?
2.
Education:
Will computers replace teachers?
3.
Communicatim:
Will computers take the place of telephones? Will we be able to see
the people we're talking to?
4.
Space:
Will we discover other forms of lie in the universe? Will humans colonize other
planets someday?
5.
Environment:
What will the earth's environment-its water, air, and land-be like in
100 years? Will we still have rainforests? Will animals live in the wild? Will the sea
still be a plentiful source of food for humans?
6.
Music:
Will any of today's popular music still be popular 50 years from now? Which
songs or singers
will
last?
7.
TransportaeMn:
Will we still use fossil fuels to power automobiles by the end of this

century? Will most automobiles use electric motors in the future? Will cars use other
sources of power?
8.
Science:
How will genetic engineering affect our food supply in the future?
62
CHAPTER
3
1
3-5
BE
GOING TO
vs.
WILL
(a) She
is
going
to
succeed
because she works
Be
goins
to
and
will
mean the same when they are
hard.
(
used to make predictions about the future.
1

(b)
She
will succeed
because she works hard.
(a) and
(b)
have the same meaning.
(c)
I
bought some wood because I
am
going
tn
Be
goins to
(but nor
will)
is used to express
a
prior
build
a
bookcase for my apartment.
plan (i.e., a plan made before the moment of
speaking). In (c):The speaker plans to build a
bookcase.
(d) This chair is too heavy for you to carry alone.
Will
(but not
be

going to)
is used to express
a
I'll help
you.
decision the speaker makes at the moment of
speaking.
In
(d): The speaker decides to help at the
immediate present moment; he did not have
a
prior
plan or intention to help.
EXERCISE 13.
BE
GOING
TO
vs.
WILL.
(Charts 3-1

3-5)
Dimtias:
Discuss the
italicized
verbs in the following dialogues. Are the speakers expressing
(1)
plans they made
before
the moment of speaking, or

(2)
decisions they are making
at
the moment
of
speaking?
1.
A:
Did you return Pam's phone call?
B: No,
I
forgot. Thanks for reminding me.
I'll
call
her right away.
+
Speaker
B
makes
the
decision at
the
moment of speaking.
2.
A:
I'm
going
w
call
Martha later this evening. Do you want to talk to her too?

B: No,
I
don't think so.
3.
A.
Jack is in town for a few days.
B: Really? Great! IPgive him a call.
Is
he staying at his Aunt Rosa's?
4.
A:
Alex is in town for a few days.
B:
I
know. He called me yesterday. We're
going to get
together for a drink after
I
get
off work tonight.
5.
A:
Are you leaving?
B: Yes.
I'm
going to go
for a short walk.
I
need some fresh air.
A:

1%
join
you.
B: Great! Where should we go?
6.
A:
I'm
gmng to
take
Mohammed to the airport tomorrow morning. Do you want to
come along?
B: Sure.
7.
A:
We're
going to go
to Uncle Jacob's over the holiday. Do you want to come with us?
B:
Gee,
I
don't know.
I'U
think
about it. When do you need to know?
8.
A:
Children,
I
have a very special job to do, and
I

need some help.
I'm
going
to
feed
Mr.
Whiskers, the rabbit. Who would like to help me?
B: Me!
C:
I
wiU!
D: Me! Me!
I
will!
E:
I
wiU!
I
will!
EXERCISE
14.
BE
GOING TO
vs.
WILL.
(Charts
3-1
-+
3-5)
'".

f.;Sq
Direcrions:
Complete the sentences with
be
going
to
or
dl.
1.
A:
Why did you buy this flour?
B:
I
'M
qoihs
to
make some bread.
2.
A:
Could someone get me a glass of water?
B: Certainly. I
11
get you one. Would you like some ice in it?
3.
A:
Are you going to go to the post office soon?
,%I.
B: Yes. Why?
A:
I

need to send this letter today.
B:
I
mail it for you.
A.
Thanks.
4.
A:
Why
are
you carrying that box?
B: I
mail it to my sister. I'm on my way to the post office.
5.
A: Could someone please open the window?
B:
I do it.
A:
Thanks.
'
,'"'
.,
.',>,,
:
I
I
,
.j.
6:
A:

What are your vacation plans?
B: We
spend two weeks on a Greek island.
7.
A:
I have a note for Joe from Rachel. I don't know what to do with it.
B: Let me have it. I
give it to him. He's in my algebra class.
A:
Thanks. But you have to promise not to read it.
8.
A:
Did you know that Sara and
I
are moving? We found a great apartment on
,.'
45th Street.
T
B:
That's terrific.
I
help you on moving day if you like.
1"-4tv
1
A:
Hey, great! We'd really appreciate that.
9.
A:
Do you have a car?
B: Yes, but

I
,,I
.#
sell it.
I
don't need it now that
I
live in the city.
10.
A:
Do you want to walk to the meeting together?
B: Okay. I meet you by the elevator. Okay?
A:
Okay. I wait for you there.