Fundamentals of english grammar third edition part 12 pptx

3-6
EXPRESSING THE FUTURE IN TIME CLAUSES AND
I
IF-CLAUSES
1
time clause
(a)
[&firs
igo
w class wmoml,
~'rn going to
I
eat breakfast.
I
@)
I'm going to eat breal$estlb&we
I
go
to class
(c)
Befom Igo home wnight,
I'm going to stop at
the market.
(d) I'm going to eat
dinner
at
6:00
tonight.
After
I
eat

dinner,
I'm going to study in my
room.
(e) I'll give Rita your message
when
I
see
her.
(f) It's rainiig right now.
As
soon as the min
stops,
I'm
going
to
wak
downtown.
(g)
1'11
stay home
und
tlre
min
staps.
(h)
Wzilepu're at school wmom,
I'll
be at work.
(i) Maybe it
will

rain
tomorrow.
Zfit
minc
tommnm,
I'm going to stay home.
In
(a) and
@):
before I go w
dass
tomom
is a future
time clause.
"
(~b
until soon
M
}+mbjectamiverb=atimec~ause
whh
The simple present is used in a future time clause.
Will
and
be
going to
are
NOT
used in a future time
clause.
INCORRECT: Before

I
euiU
go
w
class, I'm going
w
ear
breakfast.
INCORRBCT: Before I am going w
go
w
class
tomorrow,
I'm going w eat breakfast.
All
of the example sentences, (c) through
(h),
contain
future time clauses.
In
(i):
Zfir rains wmom
is an if-clause.
if
+
subject and
m+
=
an if-clause
When the meaning is future, the simple present (not

will
or
be
going to)
is used
in
an if-clause.
EXERCISE
15.
Future time clauses
and
IF-clauses. (Chart
3-6)
Directions:
Underline
the time clauses and correct any errors in verb use.
&-o mv countn, next vm
1.
I'm going to finish my graduate
degree in computer science.
2.
The boss will review your work after she
will
return from vacation next week.
3.
I'll give you
a
call on my cell phone as soon as
my
plane will land.

4.
I
don't especially like my current job, but I'm going to stay with this company until
I
will find something better,
3.
I
need to know what time the meeting starts. Please be sure to call me as soon as you
will find out anything about
it.
6.
When you will be in Australia next month, are you going to go snorkeling at the Great
Bamer Reef)
,
.
.
.:;
.
.

.
,.
'
,.

.,
7.
If
it won't be cold tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.
If

it will be cold tomorrow, we'll
go to a movie.

;
7
.
.
:
.
.,,
.
.
,
,,
EXERCISE
16.
Future time clauses and IF-clauses. (Chart
3-6)
Directions:
Use the given verbs to complete the sentences. Give a future meaning to the
sentences.
.,,,
; ,q
.
!
~
,.
;~,
.!.
.

.
,.*
L,~,
"
,.z.
,
.1
I
1.
takelread
I
I\
VP~
the textbook
before
I
tab
the ha1 exam next month.
2.
renrrnlcall
.I.,f.
,.
.
,
.
,-
.
.
,
.

/I
.
/I
I
Mr.
Lee his wife
as soon as
he to the
hotel tonight.
2
'>
',,.I
,,
L
3.
cornelbe,
not
I
home tomorrow
when
the painters to
paint my apartment. Someone else will have to let them in.
.
,.(
r.
.
4.
preparelgo
Before
I

to my job interview tomorrow,
I
a list of questions
I
want to ask about the company.
66
CHAPTER
3
When
Sandra
us this coming weekend, we
her to our favorite seafood restaurant.
I
by the phone
until
Rosa
7.
misslwme, not
If
Adam to work tomorrow morning, he
L.
very important meeting.
8.
getlbeleat
If
Barbara
home on time tonight, we
dinner at
6:30.
If

she late, dinner late.
EXERCISE
17.
Future
IF-clauses.
(Chart
3-6)
Directions: Make sentences about the following possible conditions. Use ifand add your
own ideas. Pay special attention to the verb in the $-clause. Work in pairs.
Speaker
A:
Give the cue as written in the text. Your book is open.
Speaker B: Use the cue to create a sentence with
an
$clause. Your book is closed.
SPBAKER
A:
Maybe you'll go downtown tomorrow.
SP~R
B:
If I
go
downtown tomorrow, I'm going to buy some new clotheslgo to the post
officeletc.
1.
Maybe you'll have some free time tomorrow.
2.
Maybe it'll rain tomorrow.
3.
Maybe it won't rain tomorrow.

4.
Maybe the teacher
will
be absent tomorrow.
Switch roles.
5.
Maybe you'll be tired tonight.
6.
Maybe you won't be tired tonight.
7.
Maybe it'll be nice tomorrow.
8.
Maybe we won't have class tomorrow.
Time &uses beginning
with
until
usually
follow
the
main
clause.
Usual:
I'm
going
to stay by
the
phone
until
Rosa
ullr.

.
Possible but less usual:
Untt?
Rosa
calk,
I'm
going
to stay by
the
phone.
~~

,
.
-
.

Future
llme
67
EXERCISE
18.
Future time clauses with BEFORE
and
AFTER.
(Chart 3-6)
Directions:
Each item consists of two actions. Decide which action you want to do first.
Use
before

or
afrsr
to say what you intend to do. Then perform the actions. Work in
pairs, groups, or as a class. Pay special attention to the verb in the time clause.
1.
touch your ear
/
close your grammar book
+
I'm
gmng
to close
my
grammar book beforelafrer I
touch
my
ear.
OR
BeforeIAfrer I close
my
grammar book, I'm going
to
much
my
ear.
2.
raise your hand, touch your foot
3.
sit down, stand up
4.

clap your hands, slap your hee
5.
shake hands with
(
. . .
),
shake hands with
(
.
. .
)
6.
scratch your
chi,
pick up your pen
7.
Think of other actions
to
perfi.
EXERCISE
19.
Future tlrne clauses wlth UNTIL
and
AS
SOON
AS.
(Chart 3-6)
Directions:
Listen to the directions; state what you're going to do; then perform the actions.
Work as a class with the teacher as the leader or in groups with one student designated as

.,.
\
leader. Only the leader's book is open; everyone else has a closed book.
.
-
'
.l.d
i
IJf
Example: (Student
A),
stand up
until
(Student
B)
stands up. Then sit down.'
(Stdent
A),
please tell us what you're going to do.
I(
(Smdent
B),
please tell us what
(Student
A)
is going to do.
(Student
C),
please tell us what
(Student

A)
is going to do
until
(Student
B)
stands up.
LEADER:
Ali, I'd like you to stand up
until
Kim
stands up, and then sit down.
'.
Ali,
please tell us what you're going to do.
AU:
I'm going to stand up
until
Kim
stands up. Then I'm going to sit down.
LEADER:
Kim, please tell us what
Ali
is going to do.
KIM:
He's going to stand up
until
I
stand up. Then he's going to sit down.
LEADER:
Maria, tell us what Ali is going to do

as
soon
as
Kim stands up.
MARIA:
As
soon as
Kim
stands up, Ali is going to sit down.
&I/
Students
A
and
B
then perform the actions.
1.
(Student
A),
sit at your desk
until
(Student
B)
knocks on the door. Then get up and
walk to the door.
(Student
A),
please tell us what you're going to do.
I
.
l!dl

(Stdent
B),
please tell us what
(Student
A)
is going to do.
(Student
C),
please tell us what
(Student
A)
is going to do
as soon as
(Student
B)
hocks on the door.
2.
(Student
A),
hold your breath
until
(Student
B)
snaps hidher fingers. Then breathe
again.
(StudentA),
please tell us what you're going to do.
ir
,
,I"

,
(Student
B),
please tell us what
(Student
A)
is going to do.
(Student
C),
please tell us what
(Student
A)
is going to do
as soon as
(Student
B)
snaps hisher hgers.
3.
(StudmtA),
clap
your
hands
until
(Student B)
bows. Then stop clapping your hands.


.
(Sncdsnt

A),
please tell us what you're going to do.
(Student B),
please tell
us
what
(Sncdent
A)
is
going
to do.
(Snrdent
C),
please tell us what
(Student A)
is going to do
as
soon
as
(Student
B)
bows.
EXERCISE
20.
Review
of
time clauses
and
IF-clauses. (Ct '
'

-+
3)
Directions:
Complete the sentences
by
using a form of the
a
wntheses. Read
carefully for time expressions.
.a",15q+,ii,
%_
:
.,~
$7
'?
;
:
,:
.
.
,.
1.
a. Before Tom
(go)
yes
to
bed, he
always
(bruphy
.i.

'>."
.
~!.
2:
.
his teeth.
,
,
,
b.
Before Tom
(go)
to bed later tonight, he
(e-mail)
his girlfriend.
7
t
jSj
c. Before Tom
(go)
to bed last night, he
(&ah)
a
shower.
-
:,
:,
,i
.z.
:d. While Tom

(take)
a shower last night, the phone
(rink,
e.
As
soon as the phone
(ring)
last night, Tom
Cump)
out of the shower to answer it.
f.
As
soon as Tom
(get)
up tomorrow morning, he
(brush)
his teeth.
g. Tom always
(brush)
his teeth as soon as he
(get)
UP.
(t
LY
.
,
,'
;it
~fl,~i.!
-

,
'~
3:
"~,.
,r j
.
,
i'
2.
a. After
I
(get)
home from work every hernoon,
I
usually
(drink)
a cup of tea.
b. After
I
(get)
home from work tomorrow afteynoon,
I
(drink)
a cup of tea.
,
.'
.,.
,
c.
I

(have,
not)
any
tea until
I
(get)
home from work tomorrow.
d. After
I
(get)
home
from
work yesterday,
I
(drink)
a cup of tea.
e. While
I
(drink)
a cup of tea yesterday afternoon,
my neighbor
(come)
over, so
I
(offer)
her
a
cup of tea too.
f. My neighbor
(drop,

probably)
over again
tomorrow.
If
she
(come)
1
(make)
a cup of tea for her.
Future
Time
69
EXERCISE
21.
Writing about the past and the future. (Chapters
2
and 3)
Direcrions:
Write two paragraphs. Show the time relationships by using words such as
beforo, aafter, when, while,
as
soon
as,
next, then, later,
crfter
that.
Paragraph
1:
a detailed description of your day yesterday.
Paragraph

2:
a detailed description of your day tomorrow.
3-7
USING THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TO EXPRESS
1
FUTURETIME
I
(a) 'mm
is
goaiag
to
come
to the party tomorrow.
(b)
Tom
is
coming
to the party tomorrow.
(c) We're
going to
go
to a movie tonight.
(d) We're
going
to a movie tonight.
(e)
I'm
going
to
stay

home
this
evening.
(f)
I'm
staying
home this evening.
Ine present progressive can be used to express
hture time. Each pair of example sentences has
he same meaning.
Ihe present progressive describes
definite phns for
hefuture,pIans that
were
made before the moment of
peaking.
(g)
Ann
is
going
to
fly
to Chicago next week.
A
future
meaning for the present progressive is
(h)
Ann
isnying
to Chicago next week.

indicated either by future time words (e.g.,
tomormu)
or by the situation.*
(i) You've
going
to
&ugh
when you hear this joke.
The
present progressive
is
NOT
used for predictions
0)
~CORRPC~:
Bu
're
laughing
when
you
hear
rhu
joke.
about the future.
In
(i):
The speaker is predicdng a
~ ~
future event.
In

(j):
The is nit
possible; laughing is a prediction, not a planned
I.
,I;
!#>.,::XI
.
,
future event.
*COMPARE:
Present
situation:
Lmk!
May's
caning.
Do
you
ice
her?
Future
situation:
Aw
you
phnning
w
corn
w
rhrpaw?
Mory'a
roming.

So
is
Ah.
EXERCISE
22.
Using the present progressive to express future time. (Chart 3-7)
Directions:
Complete the dialogues
with
any of the following verbs that make sense. Use
the present progressive
if
possible. Discuss whether the present progressive expresses
present or future time.
cut go spend
&
leave stay
drzwe meet take
PY
1.
A:
What
~VP
You
daiw
tomorrow afternoon?
B:
I
ww
961~9

to the mall.
A:
Why?
B:
I
ww
90M9
shopping for some new clothes. How about you?
!viiipi
What
YOU
tomorrow afternoon?
A:
I
to a movie with Tom. After the movie, we
out to dinner. Would you like to meet us for dinner?
B:
No, thanks.
I
can't.
I
Heidi at
6:30
at the new
seafood restaurant on Fifth Street.
2.
A:
What courses
YOU
this year?

B:
I
English, biology, math, and psychology.
'
I.
I
A.
What courses
YOU
next year?
B:
I
English literature, chemistry, calculus, and history
A:
That should keep you busy!
3.
A:
I
on vacation tomorrow.
B:
Where
YOU
?
A:
To
San Francisco.
B:
How
are
getting there?

YOU
or
your car?
A:
I
.
I
have to be at the airport bypwen tomorrow
morning.
B:
Do you need a ride to the airport?
A:
No, thanks.
I
a taxi. Are you planning to go
somewhere over vacation?
B:
No.
I
here.
4.
A:
Stopl Annie! What
.
.
B:
I
my hair, Mom.
",
.'!

~
.
.~
:
.
I&
Oh dear!
c2,,.
i
.
,
I,
;;
d
,
,
.
.,A'
I.
Future
Time
71