Fundamentals of english grammar third edition part 16 pot

EXERCISE 15. Practlclng lrregular verbs. (Charts 2-5 and 4-2
-
4-5)
DirecEions:
Ask questions beginning with "Have you ever
. . .
2"
and give answers.
1.
lose the key to your house
2.
meet
(.
.
.)
3.
have the
flu
4.
feel temble about something
5.
send a telegram
6.
leave your sunglasses at a restaurant
7.
sit on a cactus
(Switch
roles
ifwo&ing in
pairs.)
8.

spend one whole day doing nothing
9.
lend
(
.
.
.
)
any money
10.
sleep
in
a tent
1
1.
make a birthday cake
12.
build sand castles
13.
win money at a racetrack
14.
hang a picture on the wall
13
EXERCISE 16. lrregular verbs. (Chart 2-5)
Directions:
Write the simple past and the past participles.
1.
sell
9.
think

2.
tell
10.
teach
3.
hear
11.
catch
4.
hold
12.
cut
5.
feed
13.
hit
6.
read
14.
quit*
7.
find
15.
put
8.
buy
*Quit
can
be
used

as
n
rrgulu
verb
in British
English:
pir,
quined,
quirud.
The Present Perfect and Me Past Perfect
93
EXERCISE
17.
Practlclng irregular verbs. (Charts 2-5 and 4-2
-
4-4)
Directions:
Ask questions beginning with "Have you ever
. . .
?"
and give answers.
1. teach a child to count to ten
2. hold a newborn baby
3.
find
any money on the sidewalk
4. cut your own hair
5. think about the meaning of life
6.
hear strange noises at night

7.
read
Tom
Sawyer
by Mark Twain
8. feed pigeons in the park
(Switch roles
if
working in pairs.)
9. tell a little white lie
10. quit smoking
1 1. buy a refrigerator
12. sell a car
13. hit another person with your fist
14. put off doing your homework
15. catch a fish
EXERCISE
18.
Preview: SINCE vs. FOR. (Chart
4-5)
Directions:
Complete the sentence
"I
have been here
.
. . ."
Use
since
orfor with the given
.

.
expressions.
I
have been here
.
. .
1.
ov
two months.
2.
stwe
September.
3.
1998.
4. last year.
5. two years.
6.
last Friday.
7.
9:30.
8. three days.
9. the fist of January.
10. almost four months.
11.
the beginning of the term.
12. the semester started.
13. a couple of hours.
14. fifteen minutes.
15.
yesterday.

16. about five weeks.
I
'OR
(a) I have been here
'
since eight o'clock.
since 'lkesday.
since May.
since
1999.
since January
3,2001.
since yesterday.
,
since last month.
(b)
CORRECT: I hawe lived here since May.*
CORRECT:
I have been here since May.
(c)
INCOm:
I
am living here since
May.
(d)
INCORRECT:
I
live here since
May.
(e)

INCORRECT:
I
lived
here
since
May.
INCORRPCT:
I
was
here since
May.
h4AIN
CtAUSE
SINCE-CLAUSE
(present perfect) (simple past)
(f)
I
have Hued here
since
I
was
a child.
(g)
A1
has
met
many people
since
he came here.
(h)

I
have
been
here
for
ten minutes.
for
two hours.
for
five days.
for
about three weeks.
for
almost six months.
for
many years.
for
a long time.
(i) I have lived herefor
reuo
years.
I moved here
two years ago, and I still live here.
(j)
I lived in Athensfor
m
years.
I
don't live in
Athens now.

Fince is followed by the mention of
a
specific
mint in time:
an hour, a day, a month, a year,
!tC.
Since expresses the idea
rhat
something
)egm at a specific time in
the
past and
:ontinues to the present.
The
present p4ect
is used in sentences with
since.
In (c): The present progressive is
NOT
used.
In (d):The simple present is
NOT
used.
In (e): The simple past is
NOT
used.
Since may also introduce a time clause (i.e.,
a subject and verb may follow since).
Notice in the examples: The present perfect
is used in the main clause; the simple past is

used in the since-clause.
For
is
followed by the mention of a
length
of
time:
two minutes, he hours, four days,
five
weeks, etc.
Note:
If
the noun ends in
-8
@ours,
days,
weeks, etc.),
usefir in the time expression,
not since.
In
(i): The use of
the
present perfect in a
sentence withfor
+
a
length
of
time
means

that the action began in the past and
continues to the present.
In
(j):The use of the simple past means that
the action began and ended
in
the past.
*&w
connacr:
I
haw
been
lirrinp
hers
rim
Mw.
See
Chart
4-7,
p.
100,
for
s
discussion of
the
present
perfect
progressive.
\.
EXERCISE

19.
SINCE
vs.
FOR.
(Chart
4-5)
Directions:
Complete the sentences.
~iw o'clock 4K
since
IS
rzav~i~q.
1.
I've been
in
this
building

{for
27
rzi~1~4e~
2.
We've been
in
class

since
.
{for
since

3.
I've
been
in
this
city

I
.
,
,
The Present
Perfect
and
me
Past
Perfect
95
,
-1-
,?
.
.
.
~.
~,
,
b;
since
5.

I've had this book.
. . . . .
.
.
.
. . . .
.
.
7c
,-~.','.
.'
.
,
.
,
.
,.
.
,
.i
.
,
{for
I
1
,
,
,,?,,
,?,',.,,,
3

,!.
EXERCISE
20.
SINCE vs. FOR. (Chart
4-5)
Direcwns:
Answer the leader's questions. Only the leader's book is open. Work as a class
or
in
groups.
Speaker
A:
Use since in your answer.
I
8,s
,
,
Speaker
B:
Usefor.
,,.I
I",'
"
.
,.
.
,
Y,?
:.I,.::
!

.,,
Example:
,
.
.!.
8
j.
!:dl
:2!
.:
LEADER
(book open):
How long have you had this book?
SPEAKER
A
(bwk
closed):
I've had this book
since
(the beginning of the term).
LEADERTO
B
(book open):
How long has
(SpeakerA)
had this book?
~P~AKBR
B
(bwk closed):
S/He has had this book

for
(five weeks).
1.
How long have you been in
(this
counzrylcity)?
2.
How long have you been at
(this school)?
3.
How long have you been up today?
,:,
,,
,
4.
How long have you known
(
. . .
)?
,
~
5.
Where do you live? How long have you lived there?
,:;
,
~.
:-'
,
,
,.

:
6.
How long have you had your wristwatch?
7.
Who has a car/bicycle? How long have you had it?
8.
How long have you been in this room today?
9.
Who is wearing new clothes? What is
new?
How long have you had itithem?
10. Who is married? How long have you been married?
EXERCISE
21.
Sentences Ith SINCE-clauses. (Chart
4-5)
,
-
I
.:
Directions:
Complete e sentences with the words in parentheses. Put brackets around the
fllJY.l
since-clauses.
x
1.
I
@ww)
h-vc
how^

Mark Miller [ever since* we
(be)
weye
in college.]
i
.,:'
,
#.
,
;.
,
.,.
,
0:
!
~:,,:.,
.
.
.

.
I
2.
Pedro
(change)
his major three times since he
(start)
.'."
'C
school.

>
-
-
,
,,,
.
'-'.
,.
.J:,'i
3.
Ever since I
(be)
a
child,
I
(be)
-
afraid of snakes.
8
:
:;,
,;.:, ,d
.j,'.;#
4.
1
can't wait to get home to my own bed. I
(sleep, not)
well since I
(leave)
home three

days
ago.
~
*Ew
anw
haa
the
same
meaning
as
h.
%
CHAPTER
4
'I
om
??,&
tni.a8:
n,
Ever
since Danny
(meet)
.
Nicole, he
(be,
not)
able to
thii
about anything or anyone else. He's in love.
6.

Otto
(have)
a lot of problems with his car ever since he
(buy)
it. It's a lemon.
7.
A:
What
(you, eat)
since you
(get)
up this morning?
B:
I
(eat)
a banana and some yogurt. That's
all
8.
I'm eighteen.
I
have a job and am in school.
My
life is going okay now, but
I
(have)

~
.,
-
a miserable home life when I

(be)
a young
8
lu':dl'
'=hild. Ever since I
Gave)
.W',<,
2P
home at the age of fifteen,
I
(take)
.
Inil.(ujn
.
.
care of myself. I
(have)
some

.
,
<
>+.I,,!
?f,9
I
hard times, but I
(learn)
ho~,fo
%%I(!
?&RY own two

,
-
-

-
.

.
~
feet.*
.,
,
A
! ,!I,!
-,,:.,:,
.i
,.
.
EXERCISE
22.
SINCE
vs.
FOR.
(Chart
4-5)
-
Directions:
Describe yourself, orally or in writing, using
since,
/or,

or
never
with the
present perfect.
E.rv.,.v
u
";
,:
.i
;!,:<a<
)#
,:
,
, ,
.~~;
in
i
11
.
,.
Example:
have
(a particular kind of watch)
f3snc;
+
I've
had
9
Seiko quartz watch for
two

years.
OR
+
I've
had
my
Seiko quartz watch sin=
my
eighteenth birthday.
.
"
p"
.

4
i
Example:
smoke cigarslcigarettesla pipe
+
I've never smoked cigarems.
OR
+
I've smoked cigarettes since I wm seventeen.
. .
.
.
.
-
.
1.

know
fa
particular
person),
,
,
:,,
.
,
,
. . .
,
.
.
,
,
.


,:
.
-
lji.


,
2.
live
in
(this

city)
,
.
-
.,

.,
,
,t.
.>,
!.,*,,>
1
il.E
.I,.
r.,:,>.
,
.
?P,
izlr
irr
3.
smdy ~~~li~h
'i,
-,r
; I
.
.
,
,
.'

,
.
,
:
I
."
I
.%
ii.,.
4.
be in this clasdat this schooUwith this company
'i.
,
.
.
~
-
.
.
.
, ,
.
.
.

5.
have long hairlshort hairla mustache
.,.

*

y: :
.~
6.
wear glassedcontact lenses
!
7.
have
(a parFicular article of ciathink)
8.
be interested in
(a
articular
subiectl
.
-
-
-
. .
,*.,,
k.w
.lid
iiii,
\
'i
8
w,).
,!.;'.X!
!
I
Q*

9.
be mamed
.,
.
I;
'!tr
n
it
::ir,.
',
?
,
.,
.
,:
4.
:',w;ruur6
vX,A
I
.
,.
.
,
,t
.
.
!
3;:1
01
3

10. have a driver's license
.::I
,,#ha.
:
,
.
:
2
;
:
,;
.
J
.I
*To
"stand
on one's own
two
feet"
is
an idiom meaning
to
be able to
take
care of onmelf and be independent.
me Resent Perfect and the Pclst Perfect
97
Al
and
Ann

are in their car right now. They
The
PFSSENT
PERFKT
PROGRESSIVE
tub
about
hcw
are
driving
home. It is now four o'clock.
lag
an activity has been
in
progress before now.
:a) They
haw
been driwing
since
rwo
o'clock. Note: Time expressions
with
since,
as
in
(a), and
3)
They
haw
been

drioing
for
two hours.
for,
as in
(b),
are
frequently used with this tense.
They
will
be home soon.
STATEMENT:
hawlhas
+
been
+
ing
:c) HOW long
haw
they
been
driving?
QUESTION
FORM:
haveIIurs
+
nrbjecr
+
been
+

-in#
PRBSENT PROGRESSIVE
:OMPARE
the present pmgressive and the wesent perfect progressive.
7
(d) Po
is
sitting
in
class right now.
.
.'>,.I.
Po is sitting at his desk in dass. He
sat down at nine o'clock. It is now
nine-thirty.
(e) Po
has
been
sitting
in dass
since
nine o'clock.
(f) Po
has
been
aitting
in
class
for
thirty minutes.

6)
INCORRBCT:
I
am
knowinglbko.
(i)
CORRECT:
I
hllW
knoumYokoM
two
years.
3)
INCORRBCT:
I
have
been
hnauingBko
for
nw,
years.
The
PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE
describes an activity that is
in
progress right now,-as in
(d).
It
does not discuss duration (length

~.
of time).
INCORRECT:
fi
ha6
sitting
in
ch
right
m.
The
PRESENT
PBRFBCT
PROGRESSIVE
expresses the
duratioli
(length
of time) of an
activity
that
began
in
the past and
is
in
progress right now.
INCORRECT:
It,
is
simng in chs

sirzfe
nine
o'clodr.
,
I,(
verbs
(e.g.,
know,
like,
cwn,
belag)
are not used
in
any progressive tenses.*
In
(i): With non-action verbs, the present perfect is
used
with
since
orfor to express the duration of a
situation that began
in
the past and continues to the
present.
ClSE
23.
Present progressive
vs.
present perfect progressive.
(Chart

4-6)
Directions:
Complete the sentences. Use the present progressive or the present perfect
progressive.
1.
I
(sit)
.
.
have
beph
s
.
.
alv
stttc~q
in class right now. I
(sit)
tttw
here
since one o'clock.
2.
Kate is standing at the corner. She
(wait)
for the bus.
She
(wait)
for the bus for twenty minutes.
3.
Scott and Rebecca

(talk)
on the phone right now.
-
They
(talk)
on the phone for over an hour.
.,.;
,.,
4.
Right now we're in class. We
(do)
an exercise. We
(do)
this exercise for a couple of minutes.
,
.
I
I
G9mx
5. A:
You look busy right now. What
(you,
do)
?
!
B:
I
(work)
on my physics experiment. It's a long
and difficult experiment.

.
-
:ri
dh
id:
HOW long
&y
work)
.

-B:
I started planning it last January. I
(work)
-
.
-,-
,-
-

0:
on it
s&se
3
*
,
.
:ii
Rmq
JEk
',

.i
f
,
.
.
,
.
,
mrf
(&I
YU
:
'r)
.&ar~wm
J:.+
,
,:
8
.
,
:
.
.,
17
EXERCISE
24.
present perfect
progressive.
(Chart
4-6)

,
D*ecrirms:
Answer the questions. Only the teacher's book is open.
-
on it?
ie
;
,,-,
,r~
Example:
::::ih$
T
TEACHER:
Where are you living?
Te
RESPONSE:
I'm living in an apartment on Fourth Avenue.

.

TEACHER:
HOW long have you been living there?
RESPONSE:
I've been living there since last September.
1.
Right now you are sitting in class. How long have you been sitting here?
2.
When did you first begin to study English? How long have you been studying
English?
3.

1
began to teach English in
(year).
How long have I been teaching English?
.ad
a
4.
I began to work at this school in
(month or year).
How long have I been worlring
here?
r'nI
5.
What are we doing right now? How long have we been doing it?
'-""
-'
6.
(
.
.
.
),
I see that you wear glasses. How long have you been wearing glasses?
7.
Who drives? When did you first drive a car? How long have you been driving?
8.
Who drinks coffee? How old were you when you started to drink coffee? How long
have you been drinking coffee?
The
Present

Perfect
and
fhe
Paat
Perfect
99