Fundamentals of english grammar third edition part 31 pot

2.
A:
Hello.
Mr.
Black's office.
B
:
to
Mr.
Black?
A:
May I ask who is calling?
B: Susan Abbott.
A:
Just a moment, Ms. Abbott. I'll connect you.
3.
A:
Hello?
B: Hi. This is Bob. to Pedro?
A:
Sure. Hang on.
4.
A:
Good afternoon. Dr. Wu's office.
you?
B: Yes. I'd like to make an appointment with Dr. Wu.
A:
Fine. Is Friday morning at ten all right?
B: Yes. Thank you.
A:
Your name&

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A:
Hello?
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B: Hello.
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to Emily?
"-"
5:
LA:

She's not at home right now.
a message?

,
.
,
i
B: No thanks. I'll call later.
I
/./.
,
6.
A:
Hello?
B: Hello. to Maria?
-rli
A.
She's not here right now.
B: Oh. a message?
A:
Certainly. Just a minute.
I
have to get a pen.
,
'1!
7.
A:
Hello?
B: Hello. to Jack?
A: Who?

B:
Jack. Jack Butler.
A:
There's no one here by that name. I'm afraid you have the wrong number.
B: Is this 221-3892?
A:
No, it's not.
B: Oh. I'm sorry.
A:
That's okay.
198
CHAPTER
7
EXERCISE
14.
Polite
questions:
MAY
I,
COULD
I,
and CAN
I.
(Chart
7-5)
Directions
Ask and answer polite questions. Use
may
I,
could

I,
or
can
I.
Listen to
the cues with books closed. Work in groups or as a class. (Alternatively, work in pairs,
creating somewhat longer dialogues that you then role-play for the rest of the class.)
Example:
(
.
. .
),
you want to see
(
.
. .
)'s grammar book for a minute.
SPEAKER
A:
MayICouldlCan
I
(please) see your grammar book for a minute?
SP-R
B:
Of course. 1 Sure. I Etc.
SPEAKER
A:
Thank you.
1
Thanks.

I
forgot to bring mine to class today.
1.
(
.
.
.
),
you want to see
(
.
. .
)'s dictionary for a minute.
2.
(
.
.
.
),you are at
(
. . .
)'s house. You want to use the phone.
3.
(
. .
.
),
you are at a restaurant.
(
. . .

)
is your waiterlwaitress. You have finished your
meal. You want the check.
4.
(
.
. .
),you run into
(
.
.
.
)
on the street.
(
. . .
)
is carrying some heavy packages.
What
are
you going to say to himher?
5.
(
.
.
.
),you are speaking to
(
.
. .

),
who is one of your teachers. You want to leave class
early today.
6.
(
. . .
),you want to use
(
.
.
.
)'s calculator during the algebra test.
(
.
. .
)
needs to use
it himselfierself.
7.
(
. . .
),
you are in a store with your good friend
(
. . .
).
Your bill is
(a certain amount of
money).
You have only

(a lesser amount of money).
What are you going to say to your
friend?
7-6
POLITE QUESTIONS:
WOULD YOU, COULD YOU,
1
WIUYOU,CANYOU
.
I)
Wldyou
please open the door?
@)
Could you
please open the door?
(c)
Will
you
please open the door?
(d)
Can
you
please open the door?
Yes.
Yes. Of course.
Certainly. I'd be happy to.
Of course. I'd be glad to.
Sure. (informal)
Okay. (informal)
Uh-huh.

(meaning "yes")
I'm sorry. I'd like to help,
but my hands are full.
reople use
woum you,
coura
you,
willyou,
and
can
you
to ask polite
questions. The questions ask for
someone's help or cooperation.
(a),
(b),
(c), and (d) have basically
the same meaning. The use of
can,
as
in
(d), is less formal than the
others.
Note:
May
is
NOT
used when
you
is

the subject of a polite question.
INCORRECT:
May
yar
please open
the
&or?
Modal Auxiliaries
199
EXERCISE
15.
Polite questions: WOULD/COULD/WILL/CAN YOU. (Chart
7-6)
Directions:
Complete the dialogues. Use a polite question
with
wouldyoulfouldyar,
wil2
youlcan you
in each. Use the expressions
in
the list or your own words.
answer the phone for me
tell me
where
the nearestpost ofice
iS
open the
window
turn it down

pick
some up
turn the .volume up
say that again
TBACHBR:
It's getting hot
in
here.
bJok\d/Tok\d/\lJi\l/Ta~ yak
p\@ae
OP~R
the
wihdow?
STUDENT:
d
cows@.
I'd.
be
hcwpy
to.
/
Swe.
/
ftc
TEACHER:
fia&
yak.
/
fiahks.
STUDENT:

You're welcome.
2.
FRIEND
A:
The phone is ringing, but my hands
are
full.
FRIEND
B:
FRIEND
A:
L,
8
PRIBND
B:
NO problem.
3.
ROOMMATE
A:
I'm trying to study, but the radio is too loud.
ROOMMATE B:
ROOMMATE
A:
ROOMMATE
B:
That's okay. No problem.

"
-
SISTBR:

I'm
trying
to listen to the news on television, but
I
can't hear it.
'*
.<,
:

,\
.
BROTHER:
4,',
.
:Z
SISTER:
!
BROTHER:
Don't mention it.
5.
HUSBAND:
Honey, I'm out of razor blades. When you go to the store,
I
.i>
WIFE:
HUSBAND:
WIFE:
Anythiig else?
ERSON A:
Hi.

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.
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.,
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.:
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&$;g?p:$+

PERSON
B:
Hi. Walabaxitinpundoozit?
PERSON A:
Excuse me?
PERSON
B:
Walabaxitinpundoozit.
PERSON
A:
I'm sorry, but I don't understand.
7.
STRANGERA:
Pardon me. I'm a stranger here.
STRANGER B:
STRANGER

A:
Well, thanks anyway.
1'11
ask someone else.
EXERCISE
16.
Summary: polite questions. (Charts
7-5
and
7-6)
Direcrions:
Work in pairs. Create a dialogue for one or more of the following situations.
,
The beginning of each dialogue is given. Role-play a dialogue for the rest of the class.
Example:
snwtmoN:
You're in a restaurant. You want the waiter to refill your coffee cup. You catch
the waiter's eye and raise your hand slightly. He approaches your table.
DIALOGUE:
Yes?
What
can
I
do
for
you?
SPEAKER
A:
Yes? What can
I

do for you?
SPEAKER
B:
Could I please have some more coffee?
SPEAKER
A:
Of course. Right away. Could I get you anything else?
SPEAKER
B:
NO thanks. Oh, on second thought, yes. Would you bring some cream too?
SPEAKER
A:
Certainly.
SPEAKER
B:
Thanks.
1.
smAnoN:
You've been waiting in line at a busy bakery. Finally, the person in front
of you is being waited on, and the clerk turns toward you.
DIALOGUE:
Next!
2.
SITUATION:
YOU are at work. You feel sick. Your head is pounding, and you have a
slight fever. You really want to go home. You see your boss,
Mr.
Jenkins,
passing by your desk.
DIALOGUE:

Mr.
Jenkins?
3.
SITUATION:
Your cousin, Willy, is
in
the next room listening to music. You are talking
on the telephone. The music is getting louder and louder. Finally, you
can no longer hear your conversation over the phone. You put the phone
down and
nun
toward the door to the next room.
DIALOGUE:
Wl'Uy!
4.
SIlWAnON:
The person next to you on the plane has finished reading his newspaper.
You would like to read it.
DIALOGUE:
Excuse me.
5.
smAnoN:
You see a
car
on the side of the road
with
the hood raised and an older
man standing next to it. He looks tired and concerned. You pull over and
get out of your car to walk over to
hi.

DIALOGUE:
Do
you
need some
help,
sir?
Modal Auxlllarles
201
1
7-7
EXPRESSING ADVICE:
SHOULD
AND
OUGHT TO
snoura
(a) My clothes are
duty
I
{ought
wash them.
(b)
INCORRECT:
I
should
m
wash them.
(c)
INCORRECT:
I
ought washing them.

anoura
ana
ougnr ro
nave me same meanmg.
They
mean: "This is
a
good idea. This is good
advice."
FORMS:
should
+
simple form of a
wrb
(no
to)
I
I
ouzht
+
to
+
simple
firm
of a
wrb
(d) You need your sleep. You
should not
NEGATIVB:
should

+
not
=
shouldn't
(shouldn't)
stay up late.
(Ought to
is usually not used in the negative.)
(e)
A:
I'm going to be late. What
should
I
do?
B:
Run.
(f)
A:
I'm tired today.
B: You
shouldlought
w
go
home and take a
nap.
(g)
A:
I'm tired today.
B:
Maybe

you
shouldloughr to
go
home and
take
a
nap.
QrmsnoN:
should
+
subject
+
main
verb
(Ought
to
is usually not used
in
questions.)
The use of
maybe
with
should
and
ought to
''softens" advice.
COMPARE:
In
(f):
Speaker B is giving definite advice. He is

stating clearly that he believes going home for a nap
is a good idea and is the solution to Speaker A's
problem.
In
(g):
Speaker B is maldng a suggestion: going
home for a nap is one possible way to solve Speaker
A's problem.
EXERCISE
17.
Expressing advice:
SHOULD
and
OUGHT TO.
(Chart
7-7)
Directions:
Work in uairs.
Speaker
A:
State the problem.
Speaker
B:
Give advice using
should
or
ought to.
Include
maybe
to soften the advice if

you wish.
Example:
I'm sleepy.
SPEAKER
A:
I'm sleepy.
SPEAKER
B:
(Maybe) You should/ought to drink a cup of tea.
1.
I'm
hungry.
2.
I'm cold.
3.
1
have a toothache.
4.
1
have the hiccups. What should
I
do?
5.
I
left my sunglasses at a restaurant yesterday. What should I do?
Switch
roles.
6.
I'm hot.
7.

1
have a headache.
8.
Someone stole my bicycle. What should I do?
9.
I bought a pair of pants that don't fit. They're too long.
10.
I always make a lot of spelling mistakes when
I
write. I don't know what
to
do about
it. What do you suggest?
202
CHAPTER
7
Had better has the same basic meaning
as
should
(a) My clothes are
dirty.
I
ought to
wash
them.
and
ought
to:
"This is a good idea. This
is

good
Ebytted advice!'
(b)
You're driving too fast! You'd better
slow
down.
Had better usually implies a warning about
possible bad consequences.
In
@):If
you don't
slow down, there could
be
a
bad result. You
could get
a
speeding ticket or have an accident.
(c)
You'd better not
eat
that meat. It looks s~oiled.
NEGATIVE:
had bettor not
EXERCISE
18.
Expressing advice: HAD BETIER. (Chart
7-8)
Directions:
In

the following, the speaker chooses to use
had
better.
What are some
possible bad consequences the speaker might be thinking of?
(d)
I'd
better send
my boss an e-mail right away.
1. The movie starts
in
ten minutes. We'd
bener hurry.
+
Posn'ble bad consequences: We'll be late
if
we don't hurry.
In
speaking, had is usually contracted:
'd.
2.
You can't wear shorts and aT-shirt to a job interview! You'd
bener
change
clothes before you go.
3.
I can't find my credit card.
I
have no idea where it is. I guess
I'd

better cnll
the credit card company.
4.
A:
My ankle really hurts.
I
think
I
sprained it.
B:
You'd
benerput
some ice on it right away.
5.
You shouldn't leave your car unlocked in the middle of the city.
You'd
better lock
it before we go into the restaurant.
I"')
("I
EXERCISE
19.
Expressing advice: HAD
BETTER.
(Chart
7-8)
Directions:
Give advice using
had
bettor.

Explain the possible bad consequence
if
your
advice is not followed. Only the cuer's book is open.
Example:
It's raining.
I
need to go out.
+
You'd better take your umbrella.
If
you don't, you'll get wet.
1.
I haven't paid my electric bill.
2.
1
need to be at the airport for a nine o'clock flight tonight.
3.
(
.
.
.
)
and
I
want to go out to dinner at
(name of a popular restaurant)
Saturday night,
but we don't have reservations yet.
4.

(
. .
.
)
wants to go to a movie tonight, but sheihe has a test tomorrow.
5.
1
don't feel good today. I think I'm coming down with something.*
6.
(
.
. .
)
has a job at
(name of a localplace).
Sheme has been late to work three times in
the last week. Hermis boss is very unhappy about that.
The
idiom "come down
with
something"
means
"get
a
sickness"
like
a
cold or
the
Bu.

Modal Auxlllarles
203
EXERCISE
20.
Expressing advice: SHOULD, OUGHT TO, and HAD
BETTER.
q
',,"*
-
-
(Charts
7-7
and
7-8)
Diwctions:
Correct the errors.
kaA
1.
You
44
better not be late.
2.
Anna shouldn't wears shorts into the restaurant.
3.
1
should to go to the post office today.
4.
1
ought paying my bills today.
5.

You'd had better to call the doctor today.
6.
You don't should stay up too late tonight.
7.
You'd to better not leaving your key in the door.
8.
Mr.
Nguyen has a large family and a small apartment. He ought found a new
:
,.
-
apartment.
.
_:
.
=
EXERCISE
21.
Giving advice. (Charts
7-7
and
7-8)
Directions:
Work in pairs. Complete all of the dialogues. Make the dialogues longer
if
you
wish by adding more advice, and present one of your dialogues to the class.
One of you is Speaker
A,
and the other is Speaker

B.
Example:
SPEAKER
A:
I don't feel like studying tonight.
SPEAKER
B:
Maybe
you should
. . .
.
go
w
a
movie instead
I
take
tha night off
l
etc.
SPEAKER
A:
I
can't do that.
I
have a big test tomorrow.
SPEAKER
B:
Well, then you'd
better

. .
.
.
study tonight whether
you
feel like it
or
not
I
go
w
your
room and get
to
work.
1.
A:
I don't feel good.
I
think I'm getting a cold.
B:
That's too bad. You'd
better
. . . .
A:
That's probably a good idea.
B:
You should also
. . . .
,>I

,.
A:
Okay.
I
will. That's a good idea. And I suppose I'd
better
not
.
.
. .
B:
No, you'd better not do that
if
you're getting a cold.
2.
A:
My English isn't progressing as fast as I'd like. What should
I
do?
B:
You should
. .
. .
That's really important when you're learning a second language.
"
'
'
""
A:
Do you have any other suggestions?

B:
Yes, you ought to
. . . .
A:
That's a good idea.
B:
And
you shouldn't
. . . .
A:
You're right. Good suggestion.