Fundamentals of english grammar third edition part 59 pdf

13-10
USING INFINITIVES WITH
TOO
AND
ENOUGH
TOO
f
ADJECm
f
(FOR
SOMEONE)
f
hfinitives okten follow
expressions
w~th
I
A
piano is
too
heavy
to
lijt.
too. Too
comes
in
front of
an
adjective.
(b)
That
box is

too
heaty
for
me
to
hji.
In
the speaker's mind, the use of
too
implies a negative result.
(c)
That
box is
too
heazy
for
Bob
to
183.
,
COMPARE
I
_
__
I
_ __.
L
____
I
The

bm
is
roo
heauv.
I
can't
lift
it.
Infinitives often follow expressions
with
enough.
ADJECTN6
+
GNOUGH
+
Enough
comes
in
front of a noun.*
(f) Jimmy isn't
old
enough to
go
to school.
Enough
follows
an
adjective.
1
(g)

Are you
hungty
enough
to
eat
three sandwiches?
*Snargh
can
also follow a noun:
I
&n't
hovs
monqy
enough
to
bq
har
ear.
In
everyday
English,
however,
enough
usually
comes
in
front
of
s
noun.

CI
EXERCISE
32.
TOO
and ENOUGH
+
infinitive. (Chart
13-10)
Direcn'mu:
Combine the sentences.
PART
I.
Use
too.
1.
We can't go swimming today. It's very cold.
+
It's cold
lfor
us)
to
go
swimming today.
2.
I couldn't finish my homework last night. I was very sleepy.
3.
This jacket is very small. I can't wear it.
4.
Mike couldn't go to his aunt's housewarming party. He was very busy.
5.

I live far from school.
I
can't walk there.
6.
Some movies are very violent. Children shouldn't watch them.
PART
11.
Use
enough.
7.
I can't reach the top shelf. I'm not that tall.
-+
I'm not tall enough
to
reach the
9
shelf.
fib
.
8.
1
can't lift a horse. I'm not that strong.
9.
It's not warm today. We can't go outside in shorts and sandals.
10.
1
didn't stay home and miss work. I wasn't really sick, but I didn't feel good all day.
EXERCISE 33. TOO and ENOUGH
+
Inflnltive. (Chart 13-10)

Directions:
Complete the sentences by choosing from the words in
italics.
Use
too
or
enough
+
an
infinitive.
1.
smnghift
I'm not a refrigerator.
2.
weaklli3
Most people are
tOo
weak
tO
\i&
a refrigerator without help.
3.
busylannver
I was the phone. I let it
keep ringing until the caller gave up.
4. earlylget
We got to the concert good seats.
394
CHAPTER 13
5.

ji4Ulhold
My suitcase is
any more clothes.
6.
largelhold
My suitcase isn't
all the
clothes
I
want to take on my trip.
Rex
is into
Bobo's doghouse.
7.
biglget
Julie's purse is her dog
Pepper.
,:
'
EXERCISE
34.
TOO and ENOUGH
+
Inflnltlve. (Chart
13-10)
Directions:
Complete the sentences with
too
and
enough.

Use
0
if
nothing is needed.
1.
Alan is
too
,
*.,
smart
$
to make that kind of mistake.
2.
Alan is
d
smart
chow
h
to understand how to solve that
.,
problem.
3.
My pocket is
big
to hold my wallet.
I
always carry
my wallet there.
4.
A horse is big

for a person to lift.
5.
I'm
uncomfortable. This room
is
hot
.
Why don't
you open the window?
6.
That
watch is expensive
.
I
can't afford it.
7.
Are you tall to reach that book for me? The green
one on the top shelf. Thanks.
8.
Ask John to move that box. He's
strong to
lift
it.
9.
I
am busy to help you right now.
Gerund8 and Inflnltlves
3%
EXERCISE 35. TOO and ENOUGH
+

Inflnltlve. (Chart 13-10)
Diiections:
Complete the following sentences. Use infinitives in the completions.
1.
I'm too short
2.
I'm not
tall
enough
. . . .
.
.
!
3.
I'm not suong enough
. . . .
.+'~
. .
I?
4.
Last night I was too tired
. . . .
i'
'h
5.
Yesterday I was too busy
.
. . .

~.&

6.
A
Mercedes-Benz is too expensive
. .
.
.
7.
I don't have enough money
.
. .
.
8.
Yesterday
I
didn't
have
enough time
. .
. .
9.
A
teenager is old enough
.
.
. .
but too young
.
. .
.

.%
5
.&!
''
10.
1
how enough English
. . .
.
but not enough
. . .
. .
~
,?
.
:
I
,

.
.$
,,,
.;.
I.
h
:.
,,
m
-9
EXERCISE 36. Review: gerunds vs. Inflnltives. (Chapter

0)
Directions:
Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses: gerund or intinitive.
1.
It's difficult for me
(remember)
tb
vew
'
v
phone numbers.
2.
My cat is good at
(catch)
mice.
3.
I bought a newspaper
(look)
at the ads for apartments for
rent.
2~
4.
Tourists like
(go)
(swim)
in the warm
\
!.'I
ocean in Hawaii.
5.

1
called my friend
(im'te)
her for dinner.
,~
y:
j7sh
6.
Wary talked about
(go)
to graduate school.
7.
Ssrosh found out what was happening by
(Ziscen)
carefully
llJFJ
'.
\
s,&lr.::
,
.
::
LliiIP,

to everything that was said.
,2t$l~l<~3fl
8.
Children, stop
(draw)
pictures on the tablecloth!

9.
Professor Amani has a strong accent. It is difEcult for his students
(understand)
him. He needs
(improve)
"
'(%is pronunciation
if
he wants
(be)
a
good lecturer.
(lecture)
requires good communication
MIS.
10.
A:
Hi! I'm home!
a0s.q
B: Welcome back. Did you have a good trip?
A:
Yes, thanks. How's everything? How are my goldfish? I hope you didn't forget
Yl
ihf
rir
Ifeed)
them.
,
-,.
1

.
B:
Oh, my gosh1
396
CHAPTER
13
HYW
a;!
11.
Dan's goldfish died when he was away on a trip because his roommate forgot
ifeed)
them. Dan is considering
(ger)
a new
roommate.
12.
My friend Akihiko has goldfish in a pond in his garden. He enjoys
geed)
1
,',
them one by one with chopsticks.
1
13.
MichelleYinYi KO works sixteen hours a day
(earn)
,.:.:
I.
.,
enough money
(take)

care of her elderly parents and her
children.
.
'
:<i
'-J,,-
c
L,,
.,
i
11:.
,'I:
tizm
14.
It takes care, patience, and a little luck
(rake)
a really good
in03
d~photograph of wildlife.
11
E
.
L
,
.I.i
3,~
.
15.
No matter how wonderful a nip is, it's always good
(ger)

back
home and
(sleep)
in one's own bed.
-
16.
A:
Quit
(stare)
at the phone. Greg isn't going to call.
.
'
-
B:
I
keep
(think)
-
the phone will ring any second.
A:
I don't mean
(be)
unsympathetic, but I think you'd better forget
,
*.
,



.

-
-
,.
. .
about Greg. It's over.
~.t:.ns
wf~
1Y>7.!'1.
!
:
w,<*,:,.; :(.i
17.
It's important to your health for you
(work)
at a job you like. If
you hate
(go)
to your job, you should seriously
thii
about
flook)
for a different kind of job. The stress of
(do)
work you hate day in and day out can damage your health.
18.
(ask)
others about themselves and their lives is one of the
secrets of
(get)

along
with
other people. It you want
(make)
and
(keep)
friends, it is
important
(be)
sincerely interested in other people's lives.
19.
I keep
Uorget)
(c@
my friend
Louise. I'd better write myself a note.
20.
I like
(navel)
to out-of-the-way places.
I
don't like
(go)
to usual tourist places when I'm on holiday.
21.
Large bee colonies have
80,000
workers. These worker bees must visit
fif*r
million

flowers
(make)
one kilogram
(2.2
pounds) of honey. It's no
wonder that "busy as a bee" is a common expression.

lx,
i'na
tmii
,.I
Gerunds
and
lnfinltlves
997
22.
Exercise is good for you. Why don't you walk up the stairs instead of
(take)
the elevator?
23.
Stop
(crack)
those nuts with your teeth! Here. Use a
nutcracker. Do you want
(be)
toothless by the time you're thirty?
24.
Different cultures have different gestures. When North Americans meet someone, they
usually offer a strong handshake and look the other person straight in the eye.
In

some countries, however, it is impolite
(shake)
hands
firmly, and
(look)
a person in
the
eye is equally rude.
25.
How close do you stand to another person when you are speaking? North Americans
prefer
(stand)
just a little less than an arm's length from
someone. Many people
in
the Middle East and
Latin
America
like
(mowe)
in
closer than that during a conversation.
26.
(smile)
at another person is a universal, cross-cultural
gesture. Everyone throughout the world understands the meaning of a smile.
Fus?CISE
37.
Error
analysis.

(Chapter
13)
Direcrdons:
Correct the errors.
34%
1.
Do you enjoy
w+ge
to the zoo?
2.
I
went to the store for getting some toothpaste.
3.
Did you go to shopping yesterday?
4.
I
usually go to the cafeteria for to get a cup of coffee
in
the morning.
5.
Bob needed to went downtown yesterday.
6.
I
cut the rope by a knife.
7.
1
thanked him for drive me to the airport.
<.?$
8.
Is difficult to learn a second language.

9.
It is important getting an education.
10.
Timmy isn't enough old too get married.
398
CHAPTER
13
.
, ;=
1
11.
Do you want go to swimming tomorrow?
12.
I
went to the bank for cashing a check.
13.
I was to sleepy to finish my homework last night.
14.
Is easy this exercise to do.
15.
Last night too tired no do my homework.
16.
I've never gone to sailing, but I would like to.
17.
Readiig it is one of my hobby.
18. The man began to built a wall around his garden.
19. I like to travel because you learn too much about other countries and cultures.
20. Instead of settle down in one place, I'd like to travel around the world.
21. My grandmother likes to fishing.
22.

Mary would like to has a big family.
EXERCISE
38. Speaking. (Chapter 13)
Directions:
Form small groups. Make a list of several topics that can be used for a one-
minute impromptu speech. The topics should be gerund phrases. Exchange topics with
another group. After your group has its topics, each member in turn should give a one-
minute speech to the rest of the group. One group member should keep time. After all
the speeches have been given, choose one speech from your group to be presented to the
rest of the class. Examples of topics:
eating at fast-food restaurants, naveling
to
a foreign
wuntty, ding care of your health.
EXERCISE
39.
Writhg. (Chapter 13)
Direch:
What do you do for
fun
and recreation
in
your spare time? Write about one or
two spare-time activities that you enjoy. What do you do? Where? When?
Why?
Mention
some interesting experiences.
Try
to get your readers interested in doing the same
things

in their free time. Do you enjoy exploring caves? Is playing tennis one of your passions?
Have you ever gone skydiving? Maybe collecting ceramic horses is one of your hobbies.
Have you ever gone waterskiiig? Do you enjoy simple pleasures such as walking in a park?
Do you go jogging for recreation? Maybe watching sports on television is
your
way of
relaxing. It is important for all of us to have spare-time activities that we enjoy. What are
yours?
Gerunds and lnnnmves
399
EXERCISE
40.
Review: verb forms. (Chapters
1
+
13)
Direcrions:
Complete the sentences by writing the correct form of the verb in parentheses.
What is your most
(embarmss)
ewbawass~w
experience? Let me tell you
1
what happened to my Uncle Ernesto when he
(go)
to Norway for a
2
business meeting last year.
Fit,
I must tell you about my uncle. He

(be)
a businessman from
3
Buenos Aires, Argentina. He
(manufacture)
a new kind of
4
computer compass for ships. Computer compasses
(make)
5
by
many companies
in
the world, so my uncle
(have)
a lot of
6
competition for his product.
In
order to sell his product, he
(need)
7
(meet)
with
companies that might want to buy it. He
(mveI)
8
frequently to other countries.
9
Last year, he

(go)
to Norway
(meet)
10 11
with a
shipping company. It was his first trip to Scandinavia. My Uncle Ernesto
(speak)
Spanish, of course, and also
(know)
a little
12 13
English, but he
(know, not)
any Norwegian. While he
14
(stay)
in Norway, he
Fawe)
a problem.
15 16
Uncle Ernesto
(stay)
at a small hotel
in
Oslo. One
17
morning, while he
(get)
ready to take a shower, he
(hear)

18
a hock at the door. He
(walk)
to the
19 20
I,
,
zn33
:door,
(@en)
it, and
find)
no one. He
(take)
I
I
21 22
.
,I,,
I/,,
a step out of
hi
room and
(look)
down the

23 24
.
.
hall. He

(see)
no one. So he
(turn)
25 26
(go)
,.
.
,.
.
:,
.
,,
back into his room, but the door
(close)
!
It
Sib
!
tdr
27
28
004
,
and he
(have, no0
29
30